{ "built": "2026-09-18", "count": 736, "note": "One row per claim, never per charm. A charm said to stop three things appears three times.", "harms": [ { "key": "bad-luck", "label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "n": 90 }, { "key": "illness", "label": "Illness", "gloss": "sickness in general, where no cause is named", "n": 83 }, { "key": "evil-eye", "label": "The evil eye", "gloss": "harm carried by a look, often an admiring one", "n": 67 }, { "key": "spirits", "label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "n": 50 }, { "key": "demons", "label": "Demons and night-hags", "n": 43 }, { "key": "house", "label": "Harm to a house or a field", "n": 40 }, { "key": "witchcraft", "label": "Another person's sorcery", "n": 39 }, { "key": "child-harm", "label": "Harm to a child", "gloss": "harm to an infant or a small child; common across the atlas, though not the largest class in it — see /story/most-of-them-are-for-children/", "n": 39 }, { "key": "infertility", "label": "Infertility", "n": 30 }, { "key": "the-dead", "label": "Danger to the dead", "gloss": "charms put in a grave for the person in it", "n": 26 }, { "key": "attraction", "label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "gloss": "the charm that pulls rather than blocks", "n": 25 }, { "key": "weapons", "label": "Blades and bullets", "gloss": "invulnerability charms; reported, never recommended", "n": 25 }, { "key": "travel", "label": "Danger on a journey", "n": 19 }, { "key": "curse", "label": "A curse already laid", "n": 18 }, { "key": "childbirth", "label": "Death in childbirth", "n": 18 }, { "key": "poverty", "label": "Poverty", "n": 18 }, { "key": "war", "label": "War", "n": 17 }, { "key": "exams", "label": "Failing an exam", "gloss": "a whole modern genre, Japan and Korea especially", "n": 11 }, { "key": "livestock", "label": "Harm to livestock", "n": 11 }, { "key": "traffic", "label": "A road accident", "gloss": "the modern descendant of the travel charm", "n": 9 }, { "key": "theft", "label": "Theft", "n": 9 }, { "key": "envy", "label": "Envy", "gloss": "a neighbour's ill will, named as such", "n": 8 }, { "key": "lawsuit", "label": "A court case or an official", "n": 7 }, { "key": "drowning", "label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "n": 7 }, { "key": "loneliness", "label": "Going unloved", "n": 7 }, { "key": "fire", "label": "Fire", "n": 6 }, { "key": "snakebite", "label": "Snakes and scorpions", "n": 6 }, { "key": "fever", "label": "Fever and plague", "n": 5 }, { "key": "animal-attack", "label": "Dangerous animals", "n": 3 } ], "rows": [ { "id": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "url": "amulet/agnus-dei/", "harm": "fire", "harm_label": "Fire", "who": "Herbert Thurston, reporting the claims made for the object in the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907", "quote": "Fires are said to have been extinguished, and floods stayed.", "source": "s:web-cathen-agnus-dei", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "ES", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "url": "amulet/agnus-dei/", "harm": "drowning", "harm_label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "who": "the same 1907 account, which names storm and flood among the perils", "quote": "perils from storm and pestilence, from fire and flood, and also of the dangers to which women are exposed in childbirth", "source": "s:web-cathen-agnus-dei", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "ES", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "url": "amulet/agnus-dei/", "harm": "fever", "harm_label": "Fever and plague", "who": "the same account, which names pestilence", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-cathen-agnus-dei", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "ES", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "url": "amulet/agnus-dei/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "the same account, which names the dangers to which women are exposed in childbirth", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-cathen-agnus-dei", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "ES", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "akuaba-figure", "type": "amulet", "name": "Akua'ba", "url": "amulet/akuaba-figure/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "young Akan women, who the source says use them 'traditionally by young women seeking to conceive a child'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-akuaba", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "GH", "CI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "akuaba-figure", "type": "amulet", "name": "Akua'ba", "url": "amulet/akuaba-figure/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "enslaved Africans in the Americas, who used them as good-luck charms and as a link to home; and present-day users, for whom the form has become a broader sign of good luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-akuaba", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "GH", "CI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "url": "amulet/ankh-amulet/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Egyptian amulet practice as summarised in the source, which says amulets cut as hieroglyphs 'were meant to impart to the wearer the qualities represented by the sign' — and this sign's quality is life", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ankh", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "LB", "IL", "PS", "TR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "url": "amulet/ankh-amulet/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Egyptians who placed them in tombs, the source says, 'to ensure the well-being of the deceased in the afterlife'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ankh", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "LB", "IL", "PS", "TR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "url": "amulet/anting-anting/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Filipino fighters against Spain and the United States; Macario Sakay wore a vest of religious images and Latin phrases against bullets, and the subtypes kabal and tagaliwas are named for cuts and for turning a bullet aside", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "url": "amulet/anting-anting/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the Philippine occult tradition, in which the most frequent kind of agimat removes hexes", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "url": "amulet/anting-anting/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the same tradition: the other frequent kind drives out evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "url": "amulet/anting-anting/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "owners of a gayuma, the love charm that makes its owner more attractive", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "url": "amulet/anting-anting/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, who defined it as an amulet of supernatural power that saves lives", "quote": "amuleto que salva la vida, da poder sobre natural", "source": "s:wp-agimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "url": "amulet/azabache/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "parents in Hispanic families, as surveyed by Edward Tabor", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-hektoen-azabache", "tier": "cited", "region": "iberia", "countries": [ "ES", "PR", "CU", "DO", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "url": "amulet/azabache/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Tabor's respondents, who name sudden infant death first", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-hektoen-azabache", "tier": "cited", "region": "iberia", "countries": [ "ES", "PR", "CU", "DO", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "url": "amulet/azabache/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Tabor's respondents", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-hektoen-azabache", "tier": "cited", "region": "iberia", "countries": [ "ES", "PR", "CU", "DO", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "url": "amulet/bagua-mirror/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "feng shui practice, in which sharp building corners and a road running at a house are sources of poison-arrows the mirror is hung to deflect", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bagua", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "HK", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "url": "amulet/bagua-mirror/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the account of the bronze mirrors this one descends from, used by Taoist masters in Mirror Techniques said to reveal or destroy evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bagua", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "HK", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "url": "amulet/bagua-mirror/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "householders who hang one to alter the feng shui conditions of a residence", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bagua", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "HK", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "url": "amulet/bes-amulet/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Egyptian household practice, as summarised in the source: Bes watched after children, and his face was moulded onto faience baby bottles found at el-Lisht", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bes", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "ES", "CY", "IR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "url": "amulet/bes-amulet/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "Egyptian household practice — Bes aided women in labour by fighting off evil spirits, and was present with Taweret at births", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bes", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "ES", "CY", "IR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "url": "amulet/bes-amulet/", "harm": "snakebite", "harm_label": "Snakes and scorpions", "who": "the source, which lists killing snakes first among his tasks", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bes", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "ES", "CY", "IR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "url": "amulet/bes-amulet/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Egyptian householders, who kept his image indoors; the source says he scared demons away from houses, so his statue was put up as a protector", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bes", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "ES", "CY", "IR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "url": "amulet/bes-amulet/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Egyptologists, reading the Ptolemaic Bes chambers at Saqqara as built for curing fertility problems or for general healing", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bes", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "ES", "CY", "IR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "url": "amulet/brigids-cross/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Irish households, who hang the cross in the rafters and over entryways to invoke the saint's blessing and protection for the year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "IE", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "url": "amulet/brigids-cross/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "the same custom, which puts crosses in the outhouses and stables as well as the dwelling", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "IE", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "url": "amulet/brigids-cross/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the practice of giving newly married couples womb crosses to hang above their door, Brigid being a patron of fertility", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "IE", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "url": "amulet/brigids-cross/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "one of the two stories attached to the cross, in which Brigid wove it to neutralise a poisoned drink handed to her by a woman of ill intent", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "tradition", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "IE", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "brown-scapular", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brown Scapular", "url": "amulet/brown-scapular/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Carmelite tradition, as reported by the National Catholic Register in 2001 — and denied, in the same breath, by the Carmelites themselves", "quote": "whoever wore the scapular would be saved from the fires of hell", "source": "s:web-ncregister-not-a-magic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "GB", "PT", "PL", "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "url": "amulet/bujeok/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the mudang who make them, described as providing the bearer with good fortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "url": "amulet/bujeok/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "clients who take one home from a gut and put it on the wall — the rite itself is often sponsored to increase prosperity, or to mark a new venture such as the opening of a mall or an office building", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "url": "amulet/bujeok/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Korean vernacular religion, in which mudang are the specialists called to deal with jabkwi, the wandering dead whose touch causes affliction", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "url": "amulet/bulla/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Roman practice: the bulla was given nine days after birth and worn through boyhood", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bulla-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "url": "amulet/bulla/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the cited account, which describes the phallus inside as a symbol that brought good luck in antiquity", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bulla-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "url": "amulet/bulla/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Pliny, on the phallic charm the bulla usually contained", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "url": "amulet/car-saint/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "the Spanish medals themselves", "quote": "Si en San Cristóbal confías, de accidente no morirás", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "url": "amulet/car-saint/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the French medals", "quote": "Regarde St Christophe et va-t-en rassuré", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "url": "amulet/car-saint/", "harm": "drowning", "harm_label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "who": "the Roman Catholic Church's patronage list, which names mariners, boatmen, floods and storms", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "url": "amulet/caul/", "harm": "drowning", "harm_label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "who": "sailors, who bought them from the women who had them, and for whom this was the caul's main claim", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-caul", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "NL", "FR", "IT", "PL", "RU", "RO", "JM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "url": "amulet/caul/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Polish, Italian, French and Russian speakers, whose everyday idioms for a lucky person all mean born in a caul", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-caul", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "NL", "FR", "IT", "PL", "RU", "RO", "JM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "url": "amulet/caul/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "some early modern European traditions, which linked caul birth to defending fertility and the harvest against witches and sorcerers such as the benandanti", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-caul", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "NL", "FR", "IT", "PL", "RU", "RO", "JM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "url": "amulet/caul/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Jamaican folklore, in which duppies cannot harm a person born with a caul", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-caul", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "NL", "FR", "IT", "PL", "RU", "RO", "JM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "challenge-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Challenge coin", "url": "amulet/challenge-coin/", "harm": "fire", "harm_label": "Fire", "who": "United States fire departments, whose coins carry the firefighter's prayer text engraved on the reverse", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-challenge-coin", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CA", "GB", "CH", "AU", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "url": "amulet/charm-coin/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the good luck charms class, which the source says was traditionally used to scare away evil and protect families", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "VN", "KR", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "url": "amulet/charm-coin/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the safe journey charms class", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "VN", "KR", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "url": "amulet/charm-coin/", "harm": "animal-attack", "harm_label": "Dangerous animals", "who": "the five poisons charms, worn on the fifth day of the fifth month against snakes, scorpions, centipedes, toads and spiders", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "VN", "KR", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "url": "amulet/charm-coin/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Taoist charms, the Lei Ting curse charms, which ask Leigong to kill evil spirits and bogies", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "VN", "KR", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "url": "amulet/charm-coin/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "good luck charms wishing the carrier good results in the imperial examination system", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "VN", "KR", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "url": "amulet/charm-coin/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "burial coins, placed in graves from the Shang onward — first cowrie shells, later replica currency, in the belief the money would serve in the afterlife", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "VN", "KR", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "url": "amulet/charm-coin/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "peace charms, privately cast with the wish for peace and used daily through China's turbulent history", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "VN", "KR", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "url": "amulet/cimaruta/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Italian wearers, who name the harm mal'occhio", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cimaruta", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "url": "amulet/cimaruta/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the same practice, in which the charm is hung above an infant's bed rather than worn", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cimaruta", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cippus-of-horus", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cippus of Horus", "url": "amulet/cippus-of-horus/", "harm": "snakebite", "harm_label": "Snakes and scorpions", "who": "the spells cut on the stela itself, as summarised by the Metropolitan Museum's Wikipedia entry: 'thirteen magic spells to protect against venomous bites and wounds and to cure the illnesses caused by them'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-metternich-stela", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "cippus-of-horus", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cippus of Horus", "url": "amulet/cippus-of-horus/", "harm": "animal-attack", "harm_label": "Dangerous animals", "who": "the carving — Horus holds a lion by the tail and an antelope by the horns while standing on two crocodiles", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-metternich-stela", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "cippus-of-horus", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cippus of Horus", "url": "amulet/cippus-of-horus/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the instructions on the cippi, which the source says were used to heal afflictions caused by snake or scorpion venom", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-horus-on-the-crocodiles", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "url": "amulet/concealed-shoe/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the explanation favoured by most scholars, in which a witch drawn by the human scent of a shoe enters it and cannot reverse out", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "US", "CA", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "url": "amulet/concealed-shoe/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Brian Hoggard, on what the hiding places suggest: charms against evil influences such as demons, ghosts and witches", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "US", "CA", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "url": "amulet/concealed-shoe/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "M. Chris Manning, who reads the deposits against the northern European household spirit — the brownie, the hob, the domovoi", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "US", "CA", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "url": "amulet/concealed-shoe/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the fertility reading, which Ralph Merrifield connects to the Lancashire custom of smickling — a woman hoping to conceive trying on the shoes of a woman who has just given birth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "US", "CA", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "url": "amulet/concealed-shoe/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "early modern building custom, which put written charms, dried cats, horse skulls, witch bottles and shoes into the structure of a house", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "US", "CA", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "url": "amulet/coptic-cross-tattoo/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "Copts, who wear it as a sign of faith — the Coptic cross article says many have it tattooed on the inside of the right arm at the wrist for that reason", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-coptic-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "url": "amulet/coptic-cross-tattoo/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Coptic parents, as reported by Farah Rafik quoting Jean-Philippe Belleau", "quote": "The fear of conversion among members of the Christian minority of Egypt has led many Coptic parents to tattoo their children with a small blue cross", "source": "s:web-egyptian-streets-coptic-cross-tattoo", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "corn-dolly", "type": "amulet", "name": "Corn dolly", "url": "amulet/corn-dolly/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the custom at Bruck in Styria as recorded by James Frazer, in which the Corn-mother was laid down in the barn to keep off the mice", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-corn-dolly", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "DE", "AT", "PL", "FR", "BE", "SE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "url": "amulet/cornicello/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Italian wearers, who name it malocchio", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "url": "amulet/cornicello/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the tradition's own account, in which the horn answers harm aimed at nursing mothers, bearing fruit trees, milking animals and the sperm of men", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "url": "amulet/cornicello/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the name itself: corno portafortuna, the horn that brings luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "url": "amulet/cornicello/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "the older custom the car charm descends from — hanging horns on draft horses", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "url": "amulet/cornicello/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "present-day Italian drivers, who hang one from the rear-view mirror", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "tradition", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "url": "amulet/cowrie-strand/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "users in certain parts of Africa, where the source says cowries were prized charms 'associated with fecundity, sexual pleasure, and good luck'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "BJ", "SL", "KE", "EG", "IL", "IN", "NP", "FJ", "BR", "CA", "GH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "url": "amulet/cowrie-strand/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the same users, in the same sentence", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "BJ", "SL", "KE", "EG", "IL", "IN", "NP", "FJ", "BR", "CA", "GH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "url": "amulet/cowrie-strand/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "worshippers of Lakshmi, who use cowries in her worship and treat them at Tihar as a sign of the goddess and of wealth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "BJ", "SL", "KE", "EG", "IL", "IN", "NP", "FJ", "BR", "CA", "GH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "url": "amulet/cowrie-strand/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "West Bengali funerary practice, where a cowrie is the token fare for the departed soul's ferry across the Vaitarani; and predynastic Egyptian and Neolithic Levantine burials, where cowries were arranged around the skull in female graves", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "BJ", "SL", "KE", "EG", "IL", "IN", "NP", "FJ", "BR", "CA", "GH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "url": "amulet/cowrie-strand/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "Mende and Kikuyu users, for whom the source says the shells stand for womanhood, fertility and birth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "BJ", "SL", "KE", "EG", "IL", "IN", "NP", "FJ", "BR", "CA", "GH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "crystal-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Crystal pendant", "url": "amulet/crystal-pendant/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "adherents of crystal healing, as summarised by the cited account, which attaches its own contradiction in the same sentence", "quote": "Adherents of the practice claim that these have healing powers, but there is no scientific basis for this claim.", "source": "s:wp-crystal-healing", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "GB", "MG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "crystal-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Crystal pendant", "url": "amulet/crystal-pendant/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "practitioners, in the cited account's summary of what they hold the stones do", "quote": "boost low energy, prevent bad energy, release blocked energy, and transform a body's aura", "source": "s:wp-crystal-healing", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "GB", "MG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "url": "amulet/curse-tablet/", "harm": "lawsuit", "harm_label": "A court case or an official", "who": "the writers of the Athenian tablets, who ask that an opposing litigant botch his performance in court, forget his words and become dizzy", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "url": "amulet/curse-tablet/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "the 130 tablets from the sacred spring at Bath, all but one of which concern the restitution of stolen goods", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "url": "amulet/curse-tablet/", "harm": "loneliness", "harm_label": "Going unloved", "who": "the writers of erotic binding spells — the agogai that bind a target to oneself and the diakopai that drive a rival away by making them repulsive", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "url": "amulet/curse-tablet/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "the writers of the tablets that are not curses at all: some were laid at the graves of people who died young or violently, to help lay their souls to rest", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "url": "amulet/daruma/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Josef Kyburz, on the New Year charms the Daruma-dera's founder drew", "quote": "bring happiness and prosperity and ward off accidents and misfortune", "source": "s:wp-daruma-doll", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "url": "amulet/daruma/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Edo households during measles and smallpox outbreaks, who set daruma figures on a small altar for the God of Smallpox", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-daruma-doll", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "url": "amulet/daruma/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "buyers at the Takasaki market, where gold ones are sold for luck in money matters", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-daruma-doll", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "url": "amulet/daruma/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "the goal-setting use, of which the best-documented public instance is a political party inking one at election time", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-daruma-doll", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "djed-pillar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Djed pillar", "url": "amulet/djed-pillar/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "the Book of the Dead, as summarised in the source: a spell spoken over a gold djed hung at the mummy's neck promises the mummy will regain use of its spine and be able to sit up", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-djed", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "dolhareubang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dol hareubang", "url": "amulet/dolhareubang/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the record of the 1754 order at Jeju-mok, made after famines in the reigns of Sukjong and Yeongjo, when vengeful spirits were held to be roaming and tormenting the living", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dol-hareubang", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "dolhareubang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dol hareubang", "url": "amulet/dolhareubang/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the folk belief recorded on Jeju: a woman with fertility trouble could take part of a statue's nose, grind it and consume the powder; others hold that touching the nose is enough", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dol-hareubang", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "dolhareubang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dol hareubang", "url": "amulet/dolhareubang/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the statues' position — at gates and at the entrances of fortresses, at the boundaries of settlements, projecting power and security", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dol-hareubang", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "dreamcatcher", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dreamcatcher", "url": "amulet/dreamcatcher/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Frances Densmore's Ojibwe informants, 1929", "quote": "caught any harm that might be in the air as a spider's web catches and holds whatever comes in contact with it", "source": "s:wp-dreamcatcher", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "url": "amulet/dzi-bead/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the account of the beads' origin given in the source, which says the makers put eyes on them as a fight-fire-with-fire answer to the harmful look", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dzi-bead", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "BT", "IN", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "url": "amulet/dzi-bead/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Tibetan medicine, in which a portion of a bead is ground off and used, leaving dig marks", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dzi-bead", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "BT", "IN", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "url": "amulet/dzi-bead/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Tibetan owners, for whom the beads attract local protectors, dharmapalas, deities, beneficial ghosts, ancestors or bodhisattvas", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dzi-bead", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "BT", "IN", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "url": "amulet/ekeko/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the figure's owners", "quote": "Ekeko brings monetary wealth to its worshippers. An offering is generally required before he provides his services.", "source": "s:wp-ekeko", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "url": "amulet/ekeko/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "Alasitas buyers, who give a miniature so the recipient gets the real thing within the year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-alasitas", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "url": "amulet/ekeko/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Aymara households; the cited source says the Ekhako was invoked when a disgrace disturbed the home", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ekeko", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "url": "amulet/ethiopian-magic-scroll/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the scrolls themselves — the spells, prayers and formulas they carry offer protection or cure against the Evil Eye", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "url": "amulet/ethiopian-magic-scroll/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the same texts, against malevolent spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "url": "amulet/ethiopian-magic-scroll/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the source, which gives the range as 'bed bugs, to home intruders, to smallpox', and says the scroll treats the spiritual cause while homeopathic medicines address the physical symptoms", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "url": "amulet/ethiopian-magic-scroll/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "the historical manuscript record, which the source says shows the majority made for women's reproductive health conditions", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "url": "amulet/ethiopian-magic-scroll/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "the source's own list, which names home intruders", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "url": "amulet/evil-eye-bracelet/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "wearers across Turkey, Greece, the Balkans, West and South Asia and the diaspora", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "url": "amulet/evil-eye-bracelet/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "the usual explanation given by carriers of the eye across its whole range", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "url": "amulet/evil-eye-bracelet/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "wearers, per the Turkish account the cited source gives", "quote": "According to Turkish belief, blue acts as a shield against evil and even absorbs negativity.", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "url": "amulet/exam-charm/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "Dazaifu Tenmangū, in its own words on its own English page", "quote": "As Tenjin is the deity of learning, amulets for academic success are one of the most popular items to take home from Dazaifu Tenmangu.", "source": "s:web-dazaifu-tenmangu-amulets", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "url": "amulet/exam-charm/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "Japanese shrines and temples generally, whose standard omamori list includes gakugyō-jōju, education and passing examinations", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "url": "amulet/exam-charm/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "Japanese students, one in three of whom buys a Kit Kat before entrance examinations, on the figure Japan House at the University of Illinois publishes", "quote": "In fact, one in three students in Japan will buy a Kit-Kat in anticipation of entrance examinations.", "source": "s:web-japanhouse-kitkat", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "url": "amulet/exam-charm/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "Korean families and friends, who give a student sticky yeot and chapssaltteok before the Suneung", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yeot", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "url": "amulet/fascinum/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Pliny the Elder", "quote": "medicus invidiae", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "url": "amulet/fascinum/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "Roman practice: the Vestals hung the effigy under a triumphing general's chariot against invidia", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "url": "amulet/fascinum/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Varro, who records the custom of hanging a phallic charm on a baby's neck; rings survive sized only for children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "url": "amulet/fascinum/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the rite of Father Liber reported by Augustine from Varro, in which the image went round the fields to repel fascinatio from them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "url": "amulet/fascinum/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Roman soldiers, among whom the fist-and-phallus type was prevalent; the largest known collection is from Camulodunum", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "url": "amulet/figa/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the ancient Greeks, who wore amulets of the gesture at the neck, and present-day wearers in Portugal, Brazil, Galicia and Asturias", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "iberia", "countries": [ "PT", "BR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "url": "amulet/figa/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the Roman pater familias, who made the sign during the Lemuria", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "iberia", "countries": [ "PT", "BR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "url": "amulet/figa/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Asturian families, who give jet ones to small children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "iberia", "countries": [ "PT", "BR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "url": "amulet/figa/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "wearers in Portugal, Brazil and parts of Spain, where the sign means good luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "iberia", "countries": [ "PT", "BR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "four-leaf-clover", "type": "amulet", "name": "Four-leaf clover", "url": "amulet/four-leaf-clover/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "an eleven-year-old girl, writing to St. Nicholas Magazine in 1877", "quote": "Did the fairies ever whisper in your ear, that a 4-leaf clover brought good luck to the finder?", "source": "s:wp-four-leaf-clover", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "IE", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "four-leaf-clover", "type": "amulet", "name": "Four-leaf clover", "url": "amulet/four-leaf-clover/", "harm": "loneliness", "harm_label": "Going unloved", "who": "an 1869 description, of young girls who sought the plant by day as a token of perfect happiness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-four-leaf-clover", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "IE", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "four-leaf-clover", "type": "amulet", "name": "Four-leaf clover", "url": "amulet/four-leaf-clover/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the folk tradition that a four-leaf clover grants the power to see fairies", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-four-leaf-clover", "tier": "tradition", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "IE", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "url": "amulet/fu-talisman/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Chinese medical writing, where the practice is called zhuyou and was used alongside drugs, meditation, acupuncture, astrology and massage", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "url": "amulet/fu-talisman/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Taoist coin talismans, most of which ask Lei Gong to protect their carriers from evil spirits and misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "url": "amulet/fu-talisman/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the exorcism use named in the word itself: fu are instructions for deities and spirits and symbols for exorcism", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "url": "amulet/fu-talisman/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the same coin talismans, which name misfortune alongside evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "url": "amulet/game-day-charm/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "George Gmelch, reporting what professional baseball players say about the objects they carry", "quote": "Fetishes or charms are material objects believed to embody \"supernatural\" power that can aid or protect the owner. Good luck charms are standard equipment for some ballplayers.", "source": "s:web-gmelch-baseball-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "url": "amulet/game-day-charm/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "Mark LaRosa, a Montreal Expos farmhand, on the round rock he picked up at Elmira", "quote": "I keep it to remind me of how important it is to concentrate. When I am going well I look at the rock and remember to keep my focus.", "source": "s:web-gmelch-baseball-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "url": "amulet/game-day-charm/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "baseball fans, on the rally cap — worn inside out and backwards to turn a game around, and no good unless the team's logo shows", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rally-cap", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "url": "amulet/gau-box/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "Himalayan Art Resources, which gives the purpose as general protection and protection when travelling", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-har-amulet-box", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT", "MN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "url": "amulet/gau-box/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the practice of carrying consecrated medicine and relic pills inside the box", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-rubin-gau-gentry", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT", "MN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "url": "amulet/gau-box/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the general protective purpose both sources give, without naming a harm", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-har-amulet-box", "tier": "tradition", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT", "MN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "url": "amulet/gorgoneion/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the consensus of classical scholars, who read the gorgoneion as an apotropaion — a device to ward away unwanted things", "quote": "a ritual mask misunderstood", "source": "s:wp-gorgons", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "url": "amulet/gorgoneion/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Homer, on Athena's aegis, which the head makes proof against Apollo's spear and Zeus's thunderbolt", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gorgons", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "url": "amulet/gorgoneion/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Greek builders, who set the face on pediments, antefixes and acroteria", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gorgons", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "url": "amulet/gorgoneion/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Greek practice generally, as summarised in the account of apotropaic magic: the Gorgon was the most widely used image among the Greeks for averting evil", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "url": "amulet/gris-gris/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the source's summary of what wearers hold: the gris-gris protects the wearer from evil or brings luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "ML", "SN", "GH", "HT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "url": "amulet/gris-gris/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "women in Senegal, in a 1982 survey that found gris-gris among the top three contraception methods known — the source's phrase is 'a purported method of birth control'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "ML", "SN", "GH", "HT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "url": "amulet/gris-gris/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Mande Muslims, among whom the source says Islamic scholars' powers are held to be 'employed to prevent misfortune, cure illness, heal wounds, and forecast the future'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "ML", "SN", "GH", "HT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "url": "amulet/gris-gris/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "nineteenth-century Louisiana, where the word meant both the amulet and the act of bewitching, and where gris-gris were used against enslavers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "ML", "SN", "GH", "HT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "url": "amulet/gris-gris/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the source's account of contemporary wear in West Africa: 'from wrestlers to soldiers to housewives'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "ML", "SN", "GH", "HT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "url": "amulet/hagstone/", "harm": "lawsuit", "harm_label": "A court case or an official", "who": "the Druids of the Gallic provinces, as reported by Pliny the Elder", "quote": "The possession of it is marvellously vaunted as ensuring success in law-suits, and a favourable reception with princes", "source": "s:wp-adder-stone", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "url": "amulet/hagstone/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Reginald Scot, printing the cure for the night-mare in The Discoverie of Witchcraft, 1584", "quote": "hang a stone over the afflicted persons bed, which stone hath naturallie such a hole in it, as wherein a string may be put through it", "source": "s:wp-adder-stone", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "url": "amulet/hagstone/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "Thomas Blundeville, 1565, citing an older English writer, on hanging a naturally holed flint above a horse", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-adder-stone", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "url": "amulet/hagstone/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "a woman in Essex, to researchers in 1984", "quote": "I still keep stones with holes in them on my window-sill for luck", "source": "s:wp-adder-stone", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "url": "amulet/hagstone/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Russian folklore, in which the stones housed the Kurinyi Bog and were placed in farmyards against the Kikimora", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-adder-stone", "tier": "tradition", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "DE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "url": "amulet/hamsa/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "carriers across North Africa and the Middle East, who say khamsa fi ainek — 'five [fingers] in your eye'", "quote": "Khamsa, Khamsa, Khamsa, tfu, tfu, tfu", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "EG", "IL", "ES", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "url": "amulet/hamsa/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "the same users; the evil eye is glossed in the cited article as a malicious stare held to cause illness, death or general misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "EG", "IL", "ES", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "url": "amulet/hamsa/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "households that paint or hang it on the doorway of a room holding an expectant mother or a new baby", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "EG", "IL", "ES", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "url": "amulet/hamsa/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the hand-amulet tradition the cited article traces it to — the Hand of Venus and the Hand of Mary, used to protect women from the eye, boost fertility and lactation and promote healthy pregnancies", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "EG", "IL", "ES", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "url": "amulet/hamsa/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Mesopotamian precedent von Kemnitz names: amulets of the hand of Ishtar, used to keep evil or disease from entering a building", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "EG", "IL", "ES", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "url": "amulet/heart-scarab/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Chapter 30B of the Book of the Dead, as summarised by Egyptologists", "quote": "to bind the heart to silence whilst it was being weighed in the underworld", "source": "s:wp-heart-scarab", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "url": "amulet/heart-scarab/", "harm": "lawsuit", "harm_label": "A court case or an official", "who": "Egyptian funerary texts — the Weighing of the Heart is a trial, and the spell is written to stop a witness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-heart-scarab", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "url": "amulet/hei-matau/", "harm": "drowning", "harm_label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "who": "the tradition as summarised by the cited source: the hei matau represents safe passage over water", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-matau", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "url": "amulet/hei-matau/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the same — safe travel across water is the first thing the cited source names", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-matau", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "url": "amulet/hei-matau/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the same, which names fertility among what the hook represents", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-matau", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "url": "amulet/hei-matau/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the same, which names prosperity", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-matau", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "url": "amulet/hei-tiki/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Māori families, per Robley's account: a hei-tiki was often given to a woman by her husband's family if she was having trouble conceiving", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-tiki", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "url": "amulet/hei-tiki/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the crew of HMS New Zealand, who attributed the ship's lack of casualties to the hei-tiki their captain wore", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-tiki", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hex-sign", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hex sign", "url": "amulet/hex-sign/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "modern hex sign artists, who stress the symbolic meanings — a horse head used to protect animals from disease", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hex-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hex-sign", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hex sign", "url": "amulet/hex-sign/", "harm": "fire", "harm_label": "Fire", "who": "the same modern artists, for whom the horse head also protects the building from lightning", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hex-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hex-sign", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hex sign", "url": "amulet/hex-sign/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the talismanic school of interpretation, and Lee R. Gandee, who called the signs painted prayers in 1971", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hex-sign", "tier": "tradition", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "url": "amulet/hirz-pouch/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the catalogue entry, which says wearers use these pieces for spiritual protection through their sacred textual contents", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-mwnf-hirz-oman", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "OM", "YE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "url": "amulet/hirz-pouch/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the hadith reported in the source on the Throne Verse: reciting it wards off devils, shayatin, and fiends, afarit", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "OM", "YE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "url": "amulet/hirz-pouch/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Islamic talismanic practice as summarised in the source, which lists protection against the evil eye, misfortune, jinn and demons first among what such talismans are used for", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "OM", "YE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "url": "amulet/hirz-pouch/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the same summary, which names increasing fertility among the purposes", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "OM", "YE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "url": "amulet/holy-rider-pendant/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "the amulets themselves, which name the demon blamed for miscarriage and order her away", "quote": "Flee, flee, Abyzou, [from] Sisinios and Sisinnia; the voracious dog dwells here.", "source": "s:wp-abyzou", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "url": "amulet/holy-rider-pendant/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the Testament of Solomon, in which the demon says she walks the world looking for women about to give birth and strangles newborns", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abyzou", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "url": "amulet/holy-rider-pendant/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the amulet's own labels: Solomon, Arlaph or Saint Sisinnios doing the driving off", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abyzou", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "url": "amulet/holy-rider-pendant/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the Bawit wall painting, which sets the piercing of the evil eye in the same composition as the trampled demon", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abyzou", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "url": "amulet/holy-rider-pendant/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Testament of Solomon, where the demon also claims deafness, eye trouble, obstructions of the throat, madness and bodily pain", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abyzou", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "url": "amulet/horseshoe/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the account of why iron was chosen: horseshoes were originally made of iron, a material held to ward off evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-horseshoe", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "DE", "DK", "SE", "NO", "LT", "EE", "TR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "url": "amulet/horseshoe/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the legend of Saint Dunstan, who is said to have extracted a promise that the Devil would never enter a household with a horseshoe nailed to the door", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-horseshoe", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "DE", "DK", "SE", "NO", "LT", "EE", "TR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "url": "amulet/horseshoe/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "European householders, who put worn shoes above doorways to guard houses, barns and stables", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-horseshoe", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "DE", "DK", "SE", "NO", "LT", "EE", "TR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "url": "amulet/horseshoe/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "carriers in England, Denmark, Lithuania and Estonia, among whom the shape, fabrication, placement and manner of sourcing all matter", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-iron-in-folklore", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "DE", "DK", "SE", "NO", "LT", "EE", "TR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "url": "amulet/horseshoe/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Turkish practice, in which metal or blue glass horseshoes are combined with the all-seeing eye", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-horseshoe", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "DE", "DK", "SE", "NO", "LT", "EE", "TR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "url": "amulet/horseshoe/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "an alternative explanation recorded in Irish and British folklore: fairies are repelled by iron, and a horseshoe was the readiest source of it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-iron-in-folklore", "tier": "tradition", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "DE", "DK", "SE", "NO", "LT", "EE", "TR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "illa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Illa", "url": "amulet/illa/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "Inca religious leaders and, per the cited account, present-day Andean highland communities", "quote": "Modern-day highland communities in the Andes continue to use illa during their fertility rituals to ensure the prosperity of their camelid herds.", "source": "s:web-dma-llama-iconography", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "PE", "BO" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "illa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Illa", "url": "amulet/illa/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the same, for fields as well as herds — the cited source names agricultural alongside pastoral fertility", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-dma-llama-iconography", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "PE", "BO" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "url": "amulet/incantation-bowl/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the bowls themselves, which name Lilith and Bagdana", "quote": "When placed upside down under each corner of a house, demons would follow the inscribed charms that spiraled from the outer rim inward, only to be caught in the center.", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "url": "amulet/incantation-bowl/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the Jewish bowls from Nippur, which list it among the evil influences they are set against", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "url": "amulet/incantation-bowl/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the users, who buried them under thresholds, in courtyards and in the corners of houses", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "url": "amulet/incantation-bowl/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the medieval Islamic talismanic bowls, used for healing by drinking the water left in them overnight", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "url": "amulet/inuit-amulet/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the published ethnography of Inuit religion, which holds that illness can be caused by offending the spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-inuit-religion", "tier": "cited", "region": "siberia-arctic", "countries": [ "CA", "GL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "url": "amulet/inuit-amulet/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the same record: amulets are worn among the means of avoiding offence and retribution", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-inuit-religion", "tier": "cited", "region": "siberia-arctic", "countries": [ "CA", "GL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "url": "amulet/inuit-amulet/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the Netsilik, in the recorded instance of a boy carrying eighty", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-inuit-religion", "tier": "cited", "region": "siberia-arctic", "countries": [ "CA", "GL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "jimat", "type": "amulet", "name": "Jimat", "url": "amulet/jimat/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Indonesian Wikipedia's definition: a jimat is hung to protect its owner and to ward off illness — menangkal penyakit", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-id-wikipedia-jimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "jimat", "type": "amulet", "name": "Jimat", "url": "amulet/jimat/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the same definition: tolak bala, to repel misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-id-wikipedia-jimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "jimat", "type": "amulet", "name": "Jimat", "url": "amulet/jimat/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "Balinese use of pis bolong in Hindu rites, as tokens of faith and as bringers of good fortune; and the Malay definition of azimat as an object giving tuah, luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-wp-indonesian-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "jimat", "type": "amulet", "name": "Jimat", "url": "amulet/jimat/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the Pis Anoman type, which a collector's account says gives its holder more strength and energy, like the wind", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-wp-indonesian-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "url": "amulet/kamea/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the Hekhalot literature and the later baal shem tradition, in which angels are bound by names and formulae", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-practical-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "ES", "DE", "PL", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "url": "amulet/kamea/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Talmud, which mentions charms for healing, and the rabbis who sanctioned a wide range of magical cures — it was ruled that any practice actually producing a cure was not to be counted among the forbidden ones", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-practical-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "ES", "DE", "PL", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "url": "amulet/kamea/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the practitioners recorded in the cited article, including the baal shem said to have exorcised a dybbuk", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-practical-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "ES", "DE", "PL", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "url": "amulet/kamea/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the older Jewish written-amulet practice the incantation bowls document, which names the evil eye directly", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "ES", "DE", "PL", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "url": "amulet/keris-pusaka/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Javanese owners, who test a blade by cutting a leaf or by sleeping with it under the pillow and reading the dream — a bad dream and the blade is discarded", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-kris", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "BN", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "url": "amulet/keris-pusaka/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "holders of the Beras Wutah type, which was held to grant its possessor an easy life without famine and was assigned mainly to officers paid in foodstuffs", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-kris", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "BN", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "url": "amulet/keris-pusaka/", "harm": "fire", "harm_label": "Fire", "who": "Javanese accounts of what a kris could prevent — fires, death and agricultural failure among them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-kris", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "BN", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "url": "amulet/keris-pusaka/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the same accounts, on the other side of the ledger: some kris were held to bring fortune, such as bountiful harvests", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-kris", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "BN", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "url": "amulet/keris-pusaka/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the Barong dance of Bali, in which dancers in trance turn their own blades on their chests and are held to be made invulnerable to sharp objects", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-kris", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "BN", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "url": "amulet/ketef-hinnom-scrolls/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the excavation report, which describes the scrolls as apparently once used as amulets; the text on them is a blessing rather than a named harm", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ketef-hinnom", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "url": "amulet/ketef-hinnom-scrolls/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "the findspot: an Iron Age Judahite burial chamber", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ketef-hinnom", "tier": "tradition", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ladanka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ladanka", "url": "amulet/ladanka/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "wearers, in the practice the Russian encyclopedic entry describes and the Orthodox reference portal warns against", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ru-ladanka", "tier": "cited", "region": "baltic-slavic", "countries": [ "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "url": "amulet/lamashtu-plaque/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the Mesopotamian incantations, which name her victims as unborn and newly born babies", "quote": "you must not approach (this) person.", "source": "s:wp-lamashtu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "url": "amulet/lamashtu-plaque/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "Mesopotamian ritual practice; pregnant women were the second class of victim after the babies", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lamashtu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "url": "amulet/lamashtu-plaque/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Mesopotamian texts, where she also functions as a bringer of disease to adolescents, adults and the old", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lamashtu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "url": "amulet/lamashtu-plaque/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the ritual imagery, which sets Pazuzu against her on the same object", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "url": "amulet/lungta-flag/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the reading of the wind horse itself, which stands for speed and for the transformation of bad fortune to good fortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-prayer-flag", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "url": "amulet/lunula/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the cited account of Roman amulet practice, which names the evil eye as the thing Romans guarded against above all", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "url": "amulet/lunula/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Roman practice, as summarised in the cited article: against evil forces, demons and sorcery", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "url": "amulet/lunula/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the same account, which names sorcery alongside demons", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "url": "amulet/lunula/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Roman families; Plautus has a lunula given to a girl as a birthday present and a bulla given to a girl on the day of her birth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "url": "amulet/magical-gem/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Campbell Bonner Magical Gems Database", "quote": "designed to bring their owners health, prosperity and love", "source": "s:web-cbd-magical-gems", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "url": "amulet/magical-gem/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the same description, which names prosperity as one of the three things an owner wanted", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-cbd-magical-gems", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "url": "amulet/magical-gem/", "harm": "loneliness", "harm_label": "Going unloved", "who": "the same description, which names love as the third", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-cbd-magical-gems", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "url": "amulet/magical-gem/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the cited account of the stones, which reads many of them as amulets and instruments of magic, written in the same formulae as the papyri", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abraxas", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "url": "amulet/magical-gem/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the Roman gem tradition generally: stones were paired with gods so the wearer took on the associated powers, rather than out of piety", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "url": "amulet/maneki-neko/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "shopkeepers, in the paw rule: left paw raised to bring in customers, right paw raised to bring in money", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-maneki-neko", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "url": "amulet/maneki-neko/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the colour scheme as it developed alongside feng shui — black is the one kept to turn evil away", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-maneki-neko", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "url": "amulet/maneki-neko/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the colour scheme: red is the health cat", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-maneki-neko", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "url": "amulet/maneki-neko/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the colour scheme: yellow or gold is for wealth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-maneki-neko", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "url": "amulet/maneki-neko/", "harm": "loneliness", "harm_label": "Going unloved", "who": "the colour scheme: pink is for romance", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-maneki-neko", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "url": "amulet/martenitsa/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Bulgarian and Macedonian tradition, in which the red and white threads carry the wish for good health", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "balkans", "countries": [ "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "url": "amulet/martenitsa/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the ancient practice the ethnographers connect it to, in which red or otherwise coloured threads protected children and young people from evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "balkans", "countries": [ "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "url": "amulet/martenitsa/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the same account, which names witchcraft alongside evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "balkans", "countries": [ "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "url": "amulet/martenitsa/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "UNESCO's description of the element: a red and white thread, untied when the first blossom tree, swallow or stork is seen, held to protect against harsh and unpredictable seasonal change", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-unesco-march-1", "tier": "cited", "region": "balkans", "countries": [ "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "url": "amulet/mezuzah/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "early rabbinic sources named in the cited article — Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 4:12, Babylonian Talmud Bava Metziya 102a, Babylonian Talmud Pesahim 113b — which witness a belief in an anti-demonic function", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mezuzah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "url": "amulet/mezuzah/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "about three-quarters of adults in Israel, according to sociological research summarised in the cited article", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mezuzah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "url": "amulet/mezuzah/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the Chabad campaign of the 1970s for systematic checking of mezuzot, begun after a series of attacks at Ma'alot, on the assumption that adhering to the mitzvot would guarantee personal safety", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mezuzah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "url": "amulet/milagro/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "petitioners, who choose the shape to match the ailment", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-milagro-votive", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "US", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "url": "amulet/milagro/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "petitioners; the source notes a leg may stand for a journey rather than a limb", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-milagro-votive", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "US", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "url": "amulet/milagro/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "people who carry rather than pin them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-milagro-votive", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "US", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "miraculous-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "Miraculous Medal", "url": "amulet/miraculous-medal/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the account Catherine Labouré gave of what the Virgin told her", "quote": "all who wear them will receive great graces", "source": "s:wp-miraculous-medal", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "IT", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "miraculous-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "Miraculous Medal", "url": "amulet/miraculous-medal/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Daughters of Charity and the people who reported cures during the cholera pandemic of the 1830s", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-miraculous-medal", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "IT", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "mjolnir-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mjölnir pendant", "url": "amulet/mjolnir-pendant/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the carver of the Kvinneby amulet, 11th-century Öland, in Mindy MacLeod and Bernard Mees's translation", "quote": "May Thor protect him with his hammer which came from out of the sea. Flee from evil!", "source": "s:wp-mj-lnir", "tier": "cited", "region": "nordic", "countries": [ "DK", "SE", "NO", "IS", "FI", "GB", "DE", "EE", "LV", "LT", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "mjolnir-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mjölnir pendant", "url": "amulet/mjolnir-pendant/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the same inscription, which asks that the lightning hold all evil away from its owner Bofi", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mj-lnir", "tier": "cited", "region": "nordic", "countries": [ "DK", "SE", "NO", "IS", "FI", "GB", "DE", "EE", "LV", "LT", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "navaratna-ring", "type": "amulet", "name": "Navaratna ring", "url": "amulet/navaratna-ring/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Sri Suta Goswami, narrating the Garuda Purana, chapter 68, verse 17", "quote": "\"Pure, flawless gems have auspicious powers which can protect one from demons, snakes, poisons, diseases, sinful reactions, and other dangers, while flawed stones have the opposite effect.\"", "source": "s:wp-navaratna", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH", "MM", "KH", "VN", "MY", "SG", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "navaratna-ring", "type": "amulet", "name": "Navaratna ring", "url": "amulet/navaratna-ring/", "harm": "snakebite", "harm_label": "Snakes and scorpions", "who": "the same Garuda Purana passage, which names snakes and poisons", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-navaratna", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH", "MM", "KH", "VN", "MY", "SG", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "navaratna-ring", "type": "amulet", "name": "Navaratna ring", "url": "amulet/navaratna-ring/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the same passage, which names diseases", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-navaratna", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH", "MM", "KH", "VN", "MY", "SG", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "navaratna-ring", "type": "amulet", "name": "Navaratna ring", "url": "amulet/navaratna-ring/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Agni Purana, chapter 246, which calls a flawless gem an escort of good luck and forbids a flawed one", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-navaratna", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH", "MM", "KH", "VN", "MY", "SG", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "url": "amulet/nazar/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "carriers across Turkey, Greece, Iran, Afghanistan and South Asia", "quote": "According to Turkish belief, blue acts as a shield against evil and even absorbs negativity.", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "IR", "AF", "IN", "PK", "BD", "AL", "AZ", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "url": "amulet/nazar/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "the same users; the Hindi-Urdu slogan chashm-e-baddoor asks that the eye keep away", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "IR", "AF", "IN", "PK", "BD", "AL", "AZ", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "url": "amulet/nazar/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the mythology of the bead itself: if one breaks, it took the whole hit and broke to protect the wearer", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "IR", "AF", "IN", "PK", "BD", "AL", "AZ", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "url": "amulet/nimbu-mirchi/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "wearers and householders in North India and Pakistan, for whom this is one of the nazar battu class", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-battu", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "url": "amulet/nimbu-mirchi/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "the North Indian and Pakistani account of nazar: excessive admiration, even from well-meaning people, draws it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-battu", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "url": "amulet/nimbu-mirchi/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Hindu households in northern India, in the Alakshmi reading of the string", "quote": "\"the sourness of the lime and the pungency of the chilies combined creates a smell that even Alakshmi cannot tolerate\"", "source": "s:wp-alakshmi", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "url": "amulet/nkisi/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Kongo practice as summarised in the source: banganga defend the living against harmful workings and against the sicknesses that result from them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "url": "amulet/nkisi/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "the nkondi's own name, from -konda, 'to hunt' — and the German Loango expedition's Mabiala mu ndemba, described as a thief-finder", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkondi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "url": "amulet/nkisi/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Kongo practice — many minkisi are used for healing, and a nkondi can cause or cure a sickness tied to it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "url": "amulet/nkisi/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "oath-takers, who declare themselves open to a nkondi's sickness should they break the oath", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkondi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "url": "amulet/nkisi/", "harm": "lawsuit", "harm_label": "A court case or an official", "who": "villages, which used publicly held nkondi to affirm oaths, seal treaties and locate and punish wrongdoers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkondi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "url": "amulet/nkisi/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the source, which lists success in hunting or in trade among the purposes minkisi serve", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "url": "amulet/ofuda/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the shrines, which issue ofuda specifically for safety within the home and for the hearth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "url": "amulet/ofuda/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the shrines, in the class issued against calamity or misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "url": "amulet/ofuda/", "harm": "loneliness", "harm_label": "Going unloved", "who": "the shrines, which issue ofuda for finding love among the purpose-specific kinds", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "url": "amulet/ofuda/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "temple practice: the Tsuno Daishi gofu, the monk Ryōgen drawn as a yaksha, goes on the doorway", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "url": "amulet/ojo-de-venado/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "sellers in the Mercado de Sonora, Mexico City", "quote": "a seed called \"deer's eye\" to protect against the \"evil eye\"", "source": "s:wp-mercado-de-sonora", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "url": "amulet/ojo-de-venado/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "parents, who put one on a newborn", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-mexicodesconocido-ojo-de-venado", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "url": "amulet/ojo-de-venado/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "drivers, who hang one from the rear-view mirror", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-mexicodesconocido-ojo-de-venado", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "url": "amulet/omamori/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "the shrines, in the category kōtsū-anzen — road safety for drivers and travellers of every kind", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "url": "amulet/omamori/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "the shrines, in the category gakugyō-jōju — for students and scholars, passing examinations", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "url": "amulet/omamori/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the shrines, in the categories shōbai-hanjō for prosperity in business and en-musubi for finding a partner", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "url": "amulet/omamori/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "the shrines, in the category anzan — a healthy pregnancy and an easy delivery", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "url": "amulet/omamori/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the shrines, in the category kanai-anzen — the well-being of a household", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "url": "amulet/omamori/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the shrines, in the category yaku-yoke — avoidance of evil, and the year just gone", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "url": "amulet/omikuji/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the practice as recorded: a bad fortune is folded onto a pine so the bad luck waits by the tree rather than attaching itself to the bearer", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-o-mikuji", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "url": "amulet/ongon/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Mongolian shamanic practice, in which the made ongon plays a central part in the ritual that invokes the protection of the spirit", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ongon", "tier": "cited", "region": "mongolia-steppe", "countries": [ "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "url": "amulet/ongon/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "the practice of consecrating an idol to a dead shaman within three years of the death", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ongon", "tier": "cited", "region": "mongolia-steppe", "countries": [ "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "url": "amulet/ongon/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Darkhad households, many of which own lineage talismans (yazguur ongod) or household talismans (geriin ongod) that both contain and attract spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ongon", "tier": "cited", "region": "mongolia-steppe", "countries": [ "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "url": "amulet/palad-khik/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Thai men who wear one, for protection from dangerous objects — the source names bullets and knives", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-palad-khik", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "url": "amulet/palad-khik/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "Thai men, who wear several at once in hope of attracting women and of luck in gambling; and shopkeepers, who display one at the register for trade", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-palad-khik", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "url": "amulet/palad-khik/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "women in Thailand who carry one in a purse; the source names mugging and rape", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-palad-khik", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "url": "amulet/palad-khik/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the animist reading of the form as a fertility sign, through the linga of Shiva", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-palad-khik", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "patua", "type": "amulet", "name": "Patuá", "url": "amulet/patua/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Duke catalogue, describing the object's purpose", "quote": "This amulet, called a pátua, used the power of the Brazilian goddess Iemanjá to protect the owner.", "source": "s:web-duke-sacred-arts-patua", "tier": "cited", "region": "brazil", "countries": [ "BR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "url": "amulet/pazuzu-head/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "ritual texts from Uruk, which prescribe a bronze Pazuzu necklace against miscarriage caused by Lamashtu", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "url": "amulet/pazuzu-head/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the householders who set his image in dwellings to protect infants, and the pregnant women who wore his head", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "url": "amulet/pazuzu-head/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "an Assyrian ritual text, which prescribes a Pazuzu head to banish sickness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "url": "amulet/pazuzu-head/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Pazuzu himself, in a text narrated in his voice", "quote": "I ascended a mighty mountain that shook, and the (evil) winds I encountered there were heading West; One by one I broke their wings.", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "url": "amulet/pazuzu-head/", "harm": "fever", "harm_label": "Fever and plague", "who": "Mesopotamian religion, which pairs him with plague and with winds that carry pestilence", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "phone-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phone charm", "url": "amulet/phone-charm/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "Japanese shrines and temples, whose kōtsū-anzen omamori is sold for traffic safety and is one of the things hung on a phone strap", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "US", "GB", "IE", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "phone-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phone charm", "url": "amulet/phone-charm/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Japanese shrines and temples, in the cited account's summary of what an omamori is sold to do", "quote": "Omamori are also used to ward off bad luck and are often spotted on bags, hung on cellphone straps, in cars, etc.", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "US", "GB", "IE", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "phone-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phone charm", "url": "amulet/phone-charm/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the same shrine range, which includes en-musubi for finding a partner and shōbai-hanjō for prosperity in business", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "US", "GB", "IE", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "url": "amulet/phra-khrueang/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Ayutthaya-period warriors, who carried tablets into battle in place of the phrajiat, the takrut or herbal charms; invulnerability is named among the amulet's functions", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "url": "amulet/phra-khrueang/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the functions Thai collectors list for the Phra Somdej: protection from black magic and the blocking of disasters", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "url": "amulet/phra-khrueang/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the Khun Phaen type, whose main function is named as enhancing relationships, marriage and career — after the folklore hero who used a love formula", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "url": "amulet/phra-khrueang/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Phra Kring, the rattling Medicine Buddha statuette, which Thai accounts describe as sounding the name of Bhaisajyaguru as the wearer walks", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "url": "amulet/phra-khrueang/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Jatukham Rammathep's buyers in 2006 and 2007, who held that it kept its owner from danger and made its owner rich", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "url": "amulet/ping-an-fu/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the Taiwanese Gods account, which describes the charm as carried on the person for safe passage", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-taiwanese-gods-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "url": "amulet/ping-an-fu/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "its own name — ping'an, peace and safety — and the yearly renewal that goes with it", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-taiwanese-gods-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "url": "amulet/ping-an-fu/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Taoist talismanic practice generally, where most coin talismans ask Lei Gong to protect their carriers from evil spirits and misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "tradition", "region": "china", "countries": [ "TW" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "url": "amulet/quran-pendant/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "hadith, in which reciting the Throne Verse wards off devils (šayāṭīn) and fiends (ʿafārīt); the verse is also used in exorcism against jinn", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "EG", "TR", "IR", "PK", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "url": "amulet/quran-pendant/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the tradition summarised in the cited article, which reads the verse's association with protection as extending to the evil eye", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "EG", "TR", "IR", "PK", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "url": "amulet/quran-pendant/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "Muslims who recite it before setting out on a journey and before going to sleep", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "EG", "TR", "IR", "PK", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "url": "amulet/quran-pendant/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "al-Suyuti's narration, in which a jinn teaches a man the verse that keeps any devil from entering his house with him", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "EG", "TR", "IR", "PK", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "url": "amulet/quran-pendant/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the wider Islamic amulet tradition, which the cited account says was meant to promote health, longevity, fertility and potency", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "EG", "TR", "IR", "PK", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "url": "amulet/rabbits-foot/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "carriers across Europe, Africa, Australia and the Americas, as summarised by the source", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rabbit-s-foot", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "url": "amulet/rabbits-foot/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the folk song There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight", "quote": "And you've got a rabbit's foot To keep away de hoo-doo", "source": "s:wp-rabbit-s-foot", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "url": "amulet/rabbits-foot/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Newbell Niles Puckett, recording an African American cook in the Mississippi Delta who wore a mojo bag containing a rabbit's foot among other ingredients for good luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "url": "amulet/red-string/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the Jewish folk custom as described in the cited article: worn to ward off misfortune brought about by the evil eye, ayin hara", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-red-string-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "url": "amulet/red-string/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the same custom, and the wider use of red strings for luck in Hindu and Chinese practice the article names alongside it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-red-string-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "url": "amulet/rowan-cross/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Victorian folklorists reporting British practice — Edwin Lees for the Wyre Forest in 1856, James Frazer for Scotland in 1890, Charles Godfrey Leland for England in 1891", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rowan", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "url": "amulet/rowan-cross/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "Scottish practice, as recorded of rowan boughs taken into byres in May and trees planted in pastures", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sorbus-aucuparia", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "url": "amulet/rowan-cross/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Thomas Keightley, on mortals who put a rowan branch over their doors to watch the fairy rades safely", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rowan", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "url": "amulet/rowan-cross/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "English building practice, in which rowan was chosen for the post or mantel over a fireplace to discourage witchcraft", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "url": "amulet/rudraksha/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Shaiva wearers, as summarised in the source", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rudraksha", "tier": "tradition", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "url": "amulet/rudraksha/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "Kalagni Rudra, in the Upanishadic dialogue with Sage Bhusunda", "quote": "\"By the mere utterance of the name of 'Rudraksha', one acquires the benefit of giving ten cows in charity.\"", "source": "s:wp-rudraksha", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "url": "amulet/sak-yant/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "soldiers, police, taxi drivers and others in trades they count as dangerous, who take the protective class of yant", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "url": "amulet/sak-yant/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the protective class of yant, described as warding off evil and hardship", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "url": "amulet/sak-yant/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "bearers who take yant for power, fortune, charisma — and, on cloth and metal, to increase wealth and attract lovers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "url": "amulet/sak-yant/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "those who hang yant-marked cloth or metal in a house, a place of worship or a vehicle against danger and illness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "url": "amulet/scarab/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Egyptian funerary practice, as summarised by Egyptologists", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-scarab-artifact", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "LB", "TN", "IT", "ES", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "url": "amulet/scarab/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the later use of the hieroglyphs Men Kheper Re, which the source says 'seem to have become regarded as a protective charm in themselves'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-scarab-artifact", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "LB", "TN", "IT", "ES", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "url": "amulet/senninbari/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the general belief recorded of the belts — courage, good luck and immunity from injury, bullets especially", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "url": "amulet/senninbari/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the women who stitched it, in the slogan they worked into the cloth: bu-un chō-kyū, eternal good luck in war", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "url": "amulet/senninbari/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "wearers of the senninbari haramaki, the waist form, which was held to maintain good health as well as luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "url": "amulet/st-christopher-medal/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "the Spanish medals and holy cards themselves", "quote": "Si en San Cristóbal confías, de accidente no morirás", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "ES", "IT", "HR", "GR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "url": "amulet/st-christopher-medal/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the French medals themselves", "quote": "Regarde St Christophe et va-t-en rassuré", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "ES", "IT", "HR", "GR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "url": "amulet/st-christopher-medal/", "harm": "drowning", "harm_label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "who": "the Roman Catholic patronage list, which names mariners, boatmen, ferrymen, floods and storms", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "ES", "IT", "HR", "GR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "url": "amulet/st-christopher-medal/", "harm": "fever", "harm_label": "Fever and plague", "who": "the Roman Catholic Church, which counts Christopher among the Fourteen Holy Helpers and names lightning and pestilence in his patronage", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "ES", "IT", "HR", "GR", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "url": "amulet/sungkhor/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "James Gentry, summarising Tibetan use", "quote": "\"Tibetans have used them to protect against misfortune during travel, injury during battle, illness, harmful spirits, and any other potential calamity.\"", "source": "s:web-rubin-gau-gentry", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "url": "amulet/sungkhor/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the same sentence, which names injury during battle", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-rubin-gau-gentry", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "url": "amulet/sungkhor/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the same sentence; the Wellcome Collection's Tibetan cosmological amulet is catalogued as a protection against diseases", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-wellcome-tibetan-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "url": "amulet/sungkhor/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the same sentence, which names harmful spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-rubin-gau-gentry", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "NP", "IN", "BT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "url": "amulet/tabiz/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "wearers in North India and Pakistan, where threads with a taveez attached are among the objects used against nazar", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-battu", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "url": "amulet/tabiz/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Muslim users, as summarised in scholarship on Islamic talismanic practice", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "url": "amulet/tabiz/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "parents in Central and West Asia, who fasten triangular packets holding a sacred verse to the clothes of babies and small children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "url": "amulet/tabiz/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Islamic amulet practice generally, which the same account says was meant to promote health, longevity, fertility and potency", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "url": "amulet/takrut/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Thai wearers, in the category Kong Grapan — invincibility; the source says takrut are blessed mainly for safe keeping", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "url": "amulet/takrut/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Thai practice in a period of constant warfare, when takrut were blessed for people going to war", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "url": "amulet/takrut/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "Thai wearers, blessed for safety in daily work and on business trips", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "url": "amulet/takrut/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "Thai wearers, in the categories Maha Sanaeh (attraction), Metta Mahaniyom (popularity and business success) and Maha Pokasap (drawing riches)", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "url": "amulet/takrut/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "Thai wearers, in the category Maha Lap — the drawing of wealth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "url": "amulet/talismanic-shirt/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Hürrem Sultan, who gave Suleiman the Magnificent a talismanic shirt and told him its inscriptions would protect him from bullets", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "url": "amulet/talismanic-shirt/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the cited account, which finds that although the shirts could be worn against many evils, most seem intended as a shield in battle", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "url": "amulet/talismanic-shirt/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Surah Yusuf, in which the prophet Joseph's shirt cures his father's blindness", "quote": "Go with this my shirt, and cast it over the face of my father: he will come to see", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "url": "amulet/talismanic-shirt/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the inscribed names themselves, which the tradition holds capable of offering protection and guidance to the carrier", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tama-votive", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tama", "url": "amulet/tama-votive/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "petitioners, who choose the shape to match the affliction", "quote": "A heart may symbolize a prayer for love or a heart problem. Eyes may indicate an eye affliction, hands or legs may indicate maladies of the limbs.", "source": "s:wp-tama-votive", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tama-votive", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tama", "url": "amulet/tama-votive/", "harm": "loneliness", "harm_label": "Going unloved", "who": "petitioners again, for the heart that means love rather than a heart condition — the cited source gives the two readings of the same shape side by side", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tama-votive", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "url": "amulet/taweez/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the cited account of Islamic amulets, which names warding off the evil eye as one of their main functions", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "BD", "EG", "TR", "AF", "AL", "IR", "MA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "url": "amulet/taweez/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the same account, which names the jinn; Islamic talismans invoke God, angels or prophets, and addressing jinn or demons is prohibited", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "BD", "EG", "TR", "AF", "AL", "IR", "MA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "url": "amulet/taweez/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Ottoman soldiers, who carried scrolls with Qur'anic quotations in combat, among them 'victory is from God and conquest is near' (Qur. 61:13)", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "BD", "EG", "TR", "AF", "AL", "IR", "MA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "url": "amulet/taweez/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "households in Central and West Asia, who attached triangular packets containing a sacred verse to the clothing of babies and young children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "BD", "EG", "TR", "AF", "AL", "IR", "MA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "url": "amulet/taweez/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the cited account, which says these objects were meant to promote health, longevity, fertility and potency as well as to ward off misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "PK", "IN", "BD", "EG", "TR", "AF", "AL", "IR", "MA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "url": "amulet/taweret-amulet/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "Egyptian household practice — the source calls her the protective goddess of childbirth and fertility, with the epithet 'Lady of the Birth House'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-taweret", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "GR", "LB", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "url": "amulet/taweret-amulet/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Egyptian mothers; the source says her amulets protected mothers and children from harm and that her powers were invoked particularly to protect children and their mothers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-taweret", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "GR", "LB", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "url": "amulet/taweret-amulet/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Egyptian household practice, which grouped her with the fertility goddesses", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-taweret", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "GR", "LB", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "url": "amulet/taweret-amulet/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Egyptologists, reading the hippopotami placed in tombs as the goddess facilitating rebirth after death as she aided earthly births", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-taweret", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "GR", "LB", "SY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "url": "amulet/tefillin/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Numbers Rabbah 12:3, which has tefillin defeating a thousand demons emerging on the left side, and the rabbis Yohanan and Nahman, who used their sets against the demons of privies", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tefillin", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "url": "amulet/tefillin/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the early rabbinic tradition, in which tefillin are credited with life-lengthening qualities", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tefillin", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "url": "amulet/tefillin/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the story of Elisha the Winged, scrupulous in this mitzvah and saved from Roman persecution", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tefillin", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "teru-teru-bozu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Teru teru bōzu", "url": "amulet/teru-teru-bozu/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "children making one the day before an outing, in the chant recorded from the Edo period: 'Fine-weather priest, please let the weather be good tomorrow'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-teru-teru-b-zu", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "toli-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Toli", "url": "amulet/toli-mirror/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the account of the mirrors as ritual armour, which has them ward off harmful or attacking spirits and collect and trap hostile ones", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-toli-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "mongolia-steppe", "countries": [ "MN", "RU", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tuareg-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agadez cross", "url": "amulet/tuareg-cross/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the father in Dieterlen and Ligers's account, handing it to a son at the age of nomadism", "quote": "My son, I give you the four directions of the world, because we do not know where you will go to die", "source": "s:wp-agadez-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tuareg-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agadez cross", "url": "amulet/tuareg-cross/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "users who describe it as a reserve of wealth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agadez-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tuareg-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agadez cross", "url": "amulet/tuareg-cross/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "users who attribute to it the function of a grigri, the source's word", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agadez-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "url": "amulet/tyet-knot/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead", "quote": "the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body", "source": "s:wp-tyet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "url": "amulet/tyet-knot/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "Chapter 156, which says the amulet \"will drive away whoever would commit a crime against him\"", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tyet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "url": "amulet/tyet-knot/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Egyptologists, who tie the sign to Isis and to the healing powers that are an important part of her character", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tyet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "url": "amulet/wedjat-eye/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Egyptian religious texts, as summarised by Egyptologists", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-eye-of-horus", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "LB", "IL", "PS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "url": "amulet/wedjat-eye/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Egyptian funerary practice", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-eye-of-horus", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "LB", "IL", "PS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "url": "amulet/wedjat-eye/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "later Mediterranean use of the same shape", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "tradition", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "SY", "LB", "IL", "PS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "url": "amulet/witch-bottle/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "folk magic, as summarised of the whole class: countermagical devices meant to draw in and trap harmful intentions directed at their owners", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "url": "amulet/witch-bottle/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the same account, which names evil spirits alongside magical attacks", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "url": "amulet/witch-bottle/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the travelling old man in Joseph Glanvill's 1681 Suffolk account, prescribing the bottle for a wife who had been long in a languishing condition", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "url": "amulet/witch-bottle/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the same source, which describes the bottle as breaking a spell already laid — and, in Glanvill's telling, killing the man who laid it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "url": "amulet/witch-bottle/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "early modern building custom, which hid bottles alongside written charms, dried cats and horse skulls in the fabric of a house", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "worry-stone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Worry stone", "url": "amulet/worry-stone/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "writers on cognitive behavioral therapy, as summarised by the cited source", "quote": "The action of moving one's thumb back and forth across the stone is thought to reduce stress, but there is no conclusive scientific evidence to support this.", "source": "s:wp-worry-stone", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "url": "amulet/yantra-plate/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the source's summary of occult yantras, which lists exorcism among their uses", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "url": "amulet/yantra-plate/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the same summary, which lists preventative medicine", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "url": "amulet/yantra-plate/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "users of occult yantras, for whom they serve as good luck charms and to ward off evil", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "url": "amulet/yantra-plate/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "buyers of the Sivali yantra, used mainly in Southeast Asian Buddhism for the attraction of wealth and good luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "url": "tradition/andean-illa-practice/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Inca religious practice as described by the Dallas Museum of Art — the cavity filled with llama fat, blood and other ceremonial objects during fertility rituals, aimed at pastoral and agricultural fertility", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-dma-llama-iconography", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "url": "tradition/andean-illa-practice/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "highland Andean communities, who the same account says still use illa in fertility rituals for their camelid herds", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-dma-llama-iconography", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "url": "tradition/andean-illa-practice/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "Ekeko's worshippers, who clip banknotes to the figure and hold that he brings monetary wealth, generally on an offering first", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ekeko", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "url": "tradition/andean-illa-practice/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Tiwanaku population as recorded by Arthur Posnansky, who offered miniatures of what they wished to have around 22 December to ask their deities for good luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-alasitas", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "url": "tradition/andean-illa-practice/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Bolivian households, who bury a sullu — a dried llama foetus — under the foundations as an offering to Pachamama, bought at the same counters", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-the-witches-market", "tier": "cited", "region": "andes", "countries": [ "BO", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "url": "tradition/bakongo-nkisi-craft/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Kongo practice, in which banganga defend the living against harmful workings and supply remedies against the sicknesses that follow", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "url": "tradition/bakongo-nkisi-craft/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the same practice — many minkisi are used for healing", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "url": "tradition/bakongo-nkisi-craft/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "the nkondi class, whose name comes from -konda, 'to hunt', and whose commonest use the source gives as locating and punishing wrongdoers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkondi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "url": "tradition/bakongo-nkisi-craft/", "harm": "lawsuit", "harm_label": "A court case or an official", "who": "villages, which used publicly held nkondi to affirm oaths and seal treaties", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkondi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "url": "tradition/bakongo-nkisi-craft/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the source, which names success in hunting and in trade among the purposes minkisi serve", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "url": "tradition/bakongo-nkisi-craft/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "oath-takers, who declare themselves open to a nkondi's sickness should they break the oath", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkondi", "tier": "cited", "region": "central-africa", "countries": [ "CD", "CG", "AO" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "url": "tradition/catholic-sacramentals/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "the description of ichthys emblems applied to vehicles: to signify that the owner is a Christian and to offer protection while driving", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sacramental", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "VA", "IT", "FR", "GB", "PT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "url": "tradition/catholic-sacramentals/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the Catechism itself, which lists exorcisms as one of the three kinds of sacramental", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sacramental", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "VA", "IT", "FR", "GB", "PT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "url": "tradition/catholic-sacramentals/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the Catechism of the Catholic Church, in the negative: paragraph 2117 condemns magic and sorcery and adds that wearing charms is also reprehensible", "quote": "Wearing charms is also reprehensible.", "source": "s:web-ccc-first-commandment", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "VA", "IT", "FR", "GB", "PT", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/chinese-fu-craft/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Taoist zhuyou practice, used in China alongside medicine, meditation, acupuncture, astrology and massage, and with official support from the Sui to the late Ming", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "MY", "VN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/chinese-fu-craft/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the coin talismans, most of which request Lei Gong to protect their carriers from evil spirits and misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "MY", "VN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/chinese-fu-craft/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the fu itself, defined in the tradition as instructions for deities and spirits and symbols for exorcism", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "MY", "VN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/chinese-fu-craft/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Chinese households at New Year, who paste the character fu (福) upside down on a door so that it reads as good luck arriving", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fu-character", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "MY", "VN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/chinese-fu-craft/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "users of the bagua mirror, installed to turn away negative energy and guard the entryways of a residence", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "TW", "MY", "VN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "url": "tradition/egyptian-amulet-craft/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Egyptian funerary texts, which set out which amulet goes where on a body and what is said over it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ancient-egyptian-funerary-practices", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "url": "tradition/egyptian-amulet-craft/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Egyptian households, which kept Bes and Taweret for mothers and infants", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-taweret", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "url": "tradition/egyptian-amulet-craft/", "harm": "snakebite", "harm_label": "Snakes and scorpions", "who": "the cippi, whose spells are against venomous bites and stings", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-horus-on-the-crocodiles", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "url": "tradition/egyptian-amulet-craft/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Egyptian religious texts, as summarised by Egyptologists — the wedjat stands for well-being and healing before it stands for anything else", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-eye-of-horus", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "url": "tradition/ethiopian-scroll-craft/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the scrolls' own texts, which the source says offer protection or cure against the Evil Eye", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "url": "tradition/ethiopian-scroll-craft/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the same texts, against malevolent spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "url": "tradition/ethiopian-scroll-craft/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the source, whose published range is 'bed bugs, to home intruders, to smallpox'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "url": "tradition/ethiopian-scroll-craft/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "the historical manuscript record, in which most scrolls were made for women's reproductive health conditions", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ethiopian-talismanic-scrolls", "tier": "cited", "region": "east-africa", "countries": [ "ET" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "url": "tradition/european-folk-apotropaic/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "English and Irish households, per the cited survey — grotesque faces cut on churches and castles to frighten off witches, rowan chosen for a chimney post or mantel to discourage it, an iron knife buried under a threshold to keep witches out", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "ES", "DE", "BG", "DK", "LT", "EE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "url": "tradition/european-folk-apotropaic/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the cold-iron rule, recorded across Britain, Ireland and Scandinavia: iron repels, contains or harms ghosts, fairies and witches", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-iron-in-folklore", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "ES", "DE", "BG", "DK", "LT", "EE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "url": "tradition/european-folk-apotropaic/", "harm": "fire", "harm_label": "Fire", "who": "Irish households at Imbolc — a Brigid's cross hung in the rafters to bring the saint's blessing and protection for the rest of the year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "ES", "DE", "BG", "DK", "LT", "EE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "url": "tradition/european-folk-apotropaic/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Irish households at Samhain, who fixed a 'parshell' of sticks and straw over the doorway against bad luck, illness and witchcraft", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "ES", "DE", "BG", "DK", "LT", "EE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "url": "tradition/european-folk-apotropaic/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "carriers across the Mediterranean, the Balkans and Eastern Europe; Frederick Elworthy assembled the European half of it into one subject in 1895", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "ES", "DE", "BG", "DK", "LT", "EE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "url": "tradition/european-folk-apotropaic/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "European households, for whom an amber necklace is a traditional remedy for colic or teething pain — the American Academy of Pediatrics and the FDA have warned strongly against them as a choking and strangulation hazard", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amber", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "ES", "DE", "BG", "DK", "LT", "EE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "url": "tradition/european-folk-apotropaic/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "Irish families, who mounted the crosses in outhouses and stables as well as in the dwelling", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "IT", "ES", "DE", "BG", "DK", "LT", "EE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "url": "tradition/greco-roman-apotropaic/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Greeks and Romans alike; the cited account names the Gorgon as the most widely used image among the Greeks for averting evil", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "url": "tradition/greco-roman-apotropaic/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "Pliny, on the fascinus as a medicus invidiae, and Roman hosts who set out laughter-provoking images against invidia", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "url": "tradition/greco-roman-apotropaic/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Greek parents, who hung amulets on infants and committed them to child-nurturing deities; and Roman parents, who gave a boy a bulla on his ninth day and a girl a lunula", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "url": "tradition/greco-roman-apotropaic/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Greek builders, who carved bearded satyr-like faces over the doors of ovens and kilns to protect the work from fire and mishap", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "url": "tradition/greco-roman-apotropaic/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the wearers of carved gems, which the cited account describes as worn to take on the associated powers of a god rather than out of piety", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "TR", "GB", "LY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "url": "tradition/hindu-kavacha/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Devi Kavacham itself, which is said to protect the reader in all parts of the body, in all places and in all difficulties", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-devi-mahatmya", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "url": "tradition/hindu-kavacha/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "households in North India and Pakistan, at the folk end of the same tradition, where nazar is the harm and a lime and seven chillies the answer", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-battu", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "url": "tradition/hindu-kavacha/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "users of occult yantras, for whom they serve as preventative medicine", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "url": "tradition/hindu-kavacha/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Sri Suta Goswami in the Garuda Purana, on flawless gems", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-navaratna", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/islamic-talismanic/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the tradition as summarised in the cited account: talismans deflect disease, danger and the evil eye and attract divine protection", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "SY", "MA", "OM", "PK", "IN", "BD", "AF", "ID", "MY", "SN", "ML", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/islamic-talismanic/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the tradition's own rule — protection against jinn and demons is a stated function, and the text addresses God about them rather than addressing them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "SY", "MA", "OM", "PK", "IN", "BD", "AF", "ID", "MY", "SN", "ML", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/islamic-talismanic/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "hadith literature, which reports Sura al-Falaq revealed to Muhammad as a prayer to God to ward off black magic", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "SY", "MA", "OM", "PK", "IN", "BD", "AF", "ID", "MY", "SN", "ML", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/islamic-talismanic/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Islamic healing practice; hadith permit magic for healing so long as it contains no act of shirk, and medieval talismanic bowls carry inscriptions naming what each was for — colic, childbirth, a nosebleed, a scorpion sting, the bite of a mad dog", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "SY", "MA", "OM", "PK", "IN", "BD", "AF", "ID", "MY", "SN", "ML", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/islamic-talismanic/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Ottoman soldiers, who carried Qur'anic scrolls into combat, and the makers of talismanic shirts, many of which were made to be worn under armour", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "SY", "MA", "OM", "PK", "IN", "BD", "AF", "ID", "MY", "SN", "ML", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/islamic-talismanic/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the tradition's use of Ayat al-Kursi, recited before a journey, before sleep and after every obligatory prayer", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "SY", "MA", "OM", "PK", "IN", "BD", "AF", "ID", "MY", "SN", "ML", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "url": "tradition/islamic-talismanic/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the cited account of talismanic use, which names fertility alongside protection and the preservation of attractiveness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "TR", "IR", "IQ", "SY", "MA", "OM", "PK", "IN", "BD", "AF", "ID", "MY", "SN", "ML", "AL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "url": "tradition/japanese-engimono/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "Japanese shrines and temples, which issue kōtsū-anzen omamori for drivers and travellers of all sorts", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "url": "tradition/japanese-engimono/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "the same counters, which issue gakugyō-jōju for students and scholars — education and passing examinations", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "url": "tradition/japanese-engimono/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the tradition's own categories: yaku-yoke, avoidance of evil, and kaiun, opening luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "url": "tradition/japanese-engimono/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "shrines issuing anzan omamori for a healthy pregnancy and an easy delivery", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "url": "tradition/japanese-engimono/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "shrines issuing kanai-anzen for the safety, peace and prosperity of a household, and ofuda placed on gates, doorways, kitchens and ceilings", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "url": "tradition/japanese-engimono/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the shop-luck end of it — shōbai-hanjō omamori for success in business, the kumade rake sold at tori-no-ichi for raking in fortune, and the beckoning cat set near the entrance of shops, restaurants, pachinko parlours and bars", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-maneki-neko", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "url": "tradition/japanese-engimono/", "harm": "loneliness", "harm_label": "Going unloved", "who": "shrines issuing en-musubi omamori, for acquiring a mate and for marriage, sold to singles and to couples", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "url": "tradition/jewish-practical-kabbalah/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the practice as recorded in the German case of 1713 — Rabbi Hirsch Fraenkel was imprisoned for a library said to contain oaths and amulets for overcoming demons, seeing the future and speaking to the dead", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-practical-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "DE", "PL", "UA", "ES", "IT", "MA", "IQ", "IR", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "url": "tradition/jewish-practical-kabbalah/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Talmud, which mentions charms used for healing, and the rabbis who sanctioned a wide range of magical cures; segullot, folk remedies, have been widely used in Jewish communities since", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-practical-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "DE", "PL", "UA", "ES", "IT", "MA", "IQ", "IR", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "url": "tradition/jewish-practical-kabbalah/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Jewish folk custom, which is where the red string sits: a thin scarlet thread worn at the wrist against harm brought by the evil eye, ayin hara", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-red-string-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "DE", "PL", "UA", "ES", "IT", "MA", "IQ", "IR", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "url": "tradition/jewish-practical-kabbalah/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the Hekhalot literature, in which the angels guarding each heavenly level are bound by formulae and seals — the technique the Talmud and Midrash call using the Divine Name", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-practical-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "DE", "PL", "UA", "ES", "IT", "MA", "IQ", "IR", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "url": "tradition/korean-bujeok-craft/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the cited account of Musok: pujŏk are talismans which provide the bearer with good fortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "url": "tradition/korean-bujeok-craft/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the gut itself, at whose close wandering spirits that may have gathered are expelled and talismans may be distributed to attendees", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "url": "tradition/korean-bujeok-craft/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "clients, who affix the talismans to the internal walls of their homes", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "url": "tradition/korean-bujeok-craft/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "Korean families before the national university entrance exam, who give sticky rice cakes and toffee on the wordplay that the sitter will stick to the school", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-koreaherald-test-taker-gifts", "tier": "cited", "region": "korea", "countries": [ "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "url": "tradition/latin-american-folk-catholic/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Mexican and Caribbean households: a Mucuna seed called deer's eye against mal de ojo, and a jet fist tied on a newborn within days of birth", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-mexicodesconocido-ojo-de-venado", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "PR", "CU", "DO", "PE", "BO", "GT", "ES", "US", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "url": "tradition/latin-american-folk-catholic/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Puerto Rican, Cuban and Dominican parents, who told Edward Tabor the azabache is against the evil eye and with it diarrhoea, respiratory infections, deformities and above all sudden infant death", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-hektoen-azabache", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "PR", "CU", "DO", "PE", "BO", "GT", "ES", "US", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "url": "tradition/latin-american-folk-catholic/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "petitioners at shrines, who pin a milagro shaped like the afflicted part to a saint's image as a reminder of the need or in thanks for an answer", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-milagro-votive", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "PR", "CU", "DO", "PE", "BO", "GT", "ES", "US", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "url": "tradition/latin-american-folk-catholic/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "the medals themselves, which print the claim: 'Si en San Cristóbal confías, de accidente no morirás' — if you trust in Saint Christopher, you will not die in an accident", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-saint-christopher", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "PR", "CU", "DO", "PE", "BO", "GT", "ES", "US", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "url": "tradition/latin-american-folk-catholic/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "customers at the Mercado de Sonora, whose back aisles sell goods for magic and the occult alongside medicinal herbs, the two not kept separate", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mercado-de-sonora", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "PR", "CU", "DO", "PE", "BO", "GT", "ES", "US", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "url": "tradition/latin-american-folk-catholic/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the same market's stock, which includes crosses of ocote wood for good luck and chains of garlic to turn evil away", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mercado-de-sonora", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesoamerica", "countries": [ "MX", "PR", "CU", "DO", "PE", "BO", "GT", "ES", "US", "PH" ], "hemispheres": [ "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "url": "tradition/maori-taonga/", "harm": "drowning", "harm_label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "who": "the hei matau, which the cited account says represents the land, prosperity, fertility and safe passage over water, and marks the relationship to Tangaroa, god of the sea", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-matau", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "url": "tradition/maori-taonga/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the practice recorded around the hei-tiki: because of the connection with Hineteiwaiwa, goddess of childbirth, hei-tiki were often given to a woman by her husband's family if she was having trouble conceiving", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-tiki", "tier": "cited", "region": "aotearoa", "countries": [ "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "url": "tradition/mesopotamian-apotropaic/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the incantations, which name the unborn and newly born as the demon's first victims", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lamashtu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY", "IR", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "url": "tradition/mesopotamian-apotropaic/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "ritual texts from Uruk, prescribing a bronze amulet against miscarriage", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY", "IR", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "url": "tradition/mesopotamian-apotropaic/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the ritual specialists, who set one demon against another", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY", "IR", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "url": "tradition/mesopotamian-apotropaic/", "harm": "fever", "harm_label": "Fever and plague", "who": "Mesopotamian religion, in which Pazuzu is the south-western wind and is paired with plague", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY", "IR", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "url": "tradition/mesopotamian-apotropaic/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the household use the cited account describes: fearsome deities invoked in the home, not in state-run temples", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "SY", "IR", "TR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "url": "tradition/thai-wicha/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the craft's own category kong grapan, invulnerability, and the takrut blessed for safe keeping; sak yant protection is taken by soldiers, police and taxi drivers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "url": "tradition/thai-wicha/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the cited account of phra khrueang, which names protection from black magic alongside danger and disaster", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "url": "tradition/thai-wicha/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the craft's categories maha sanaeh, attraction, and metta mahaniyom, popularity and business success; the Khun Phaen amulet is named for a folklore figure who used a love formula", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "url": "tradition/thai-wicha/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the same categories — maha pokasap, the drawing of riches — and shopkeepers who set a palad khik by the till to bring in sales", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-palad-khik", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "url": "tradition/thai-wicha/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "Thai women, who the source says carry a palad khik in a purse against rape and mugging", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-palad-khik", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "url": "tradition/thai-wicha/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Phra Kring, made in the image of Bhaisajyaguru the medicine Buddha, of whom the tradition says that whoever hears his name in passing or sees his image will be healed", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "url": "tradition/thai-wicha/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Ayutthaya-period warriors, who carried votive tablets into battle in place of the phrajiat, the takrut or a herbal charm", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "url": "tradition/tibetan-protection/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "James Gentry, summarising what Tibetans have used protective amulets against", "quote": "\"Tibetans have used them to protect against misfortune during travel, injury during battle, illness, harmful spirits, and any other potential calamity.\"", "source": "s:web-rubin-gau-gentry", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "BT", "NP", "IN", "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "url": "tradition/tibetan-protection/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the same sentence, on injury during battle", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-rubin-gau-gentry", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "BT", "NP", "IN", "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "url": "tradition/tibetan-protection/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the same sentence; and the Wellcome Collection's Tibetan cosmological amulet, catalogued as a protection against diseases", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-wellcome-tibetan-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "BT", "NP", "IN", "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "url": "tradition/tibetan-protection/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the account of a lama's ordinary work for lay people, which includes rites for avoiding harm from demonic forces and enemies", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tibetan-buddhism", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "BT", "NP", "IN", "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "url": "tradition/tibetan-protection/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Gentry on relic pills, held to protect against rebirth as an animal, an anguished spirit or a hell being", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-rubin-gau-gentry", "tier": "cited", "region": "himalaya-tibet", "countries": [ "CN", "BT", "NP", "IN", "MN", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "url": "tradition/west-african-charm-craft/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the source on gris-gris: wearers hold that it protects from evil or brings luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "BJ", "TG", "GH", "NG", "SN", "ML", "NE", "CM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "url": "tradition/west-african-charm-craft/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the source on juju, which says it is most commonly used for treating both physical and spiritual ailments", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-juju", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "BJ", "TG", "GH", "NG", "SN", "ML", "NE", "CM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "url": "tradition/west-african-charm-craft/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the same source, which names counteracting and neutralising curses among its uses", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-juju", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "BJ", "TG", "GH", "NG", "SN", "ML", "NE", "CM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "url": "tradition/west-african-charm-craft/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "buyers of bǒ, who the source says buy them to aid in attracting love, wealth, or protection while travelling", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-west-african-vod-n", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "BJ", "TG", "GH", "NG", "SN", "ML", "NE", "CM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "url": "tradition/west-african-charm-craft/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the same buyers, for love", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-west-african-vod-n", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "BJ", "TG", "GH", "NG", "SN", "ML", "NE", "CM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "url": "tradition/west-african-charm-craft/", "harm": "lawsuit", "harm_label": "A court case or an official", "who": "the source on juju: it is sometimes used to enforce a contract or ensure compliance, and the practitioner requires payment for the service", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-juju", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "BJ", "TG", "GH", "NG", "SN", "ML", "NE", "CM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "url": "tradition/west-african-charm-craft/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "women in Senegal in a 1982 survey, who named charms among the three traditional contraceptive methods known to them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "BJ", "TG", "GH", "NG", "SN", "ML", "NE", "CM" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "bell", "type": "motif", "name": "The bell", "url": "motif/bell/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Roman householders, in whose practice the sounds of bells were held to keep away evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-wp-tintinnabulum", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bell", "type": "motif", "name": "The bell", "url": "motif/bell/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Roman wearers of the fascinum, whose winged phallus turns up as jewellery, lamps and wind chimes alike", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "bell", "type": "motif", "name": "The bell", "url": "motif/bell/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Korean mudang, whose brass bells are meant to attract the attention of the spirits rather than repel them", "quote": "a central symbol", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "url": "motif/coin-square/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Han-era users: the coins were cast to speak to the dead, to pray for favourable outcomes and to terrify ghosts", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "ID", "TW", "SG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "url": "motif/coin-square/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "feng shui practice, in which coin-swords are hung to frighten away demons and evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "ID", "TW", "SG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "url": "motif/coin-square/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Buddhist and Taoist priests, who tied lock charms round children's necks; the hundred family lock was funded by a hundred families for one newborn", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "ID", "TW", "SG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "url": "motif/coin-square/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "a Han pendant charm inscription, bi bing mo dang — avoid hostilities and ward off sickness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "ID", "TW", "SG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "url": "motif/coin-square/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "collectors of the five-emperors string, said to bring wealth and good fortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "ID", "TW", "SG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "url": "motif/coin-square/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "lock charms, said to bring high results in the imperial exams as well as protection and long life", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "ID", "TW", "SG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "url": "motif/crescent/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Roman practice, in which amulets were worn especially against the evil eye", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "IQ", "SY", "TR", "GR", "TN", "DZ", "IR", "YE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "url": "motif/crescent/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the same account: against evil forces, demons and sorcery", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "IQ", "SY", "TR", "GR", "TN", "DZ", "IR", "YE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "url": "motif/crescent/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Roman practice, as recorded of amulets worn as talismans", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "IQ", "SY", "TR", "GR", "TN", "DZ", "IR", "YE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "url": "motif/crescent/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the wearers were girls; Isidore of Seville defines the lunula as a female ornament", "quote": "Lunulae are female ornaments in the likeness of the moon, little hanging gold bullae.", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "IQ", "SY", "TR", "GR", "TN", "DZ", "IR", "YE", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "url": "motif/cross/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Irish practice: a Brigid's cross hung from the rafters for the saint's blessing and protection through the year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GR", "EG", "ET", "IE", "NE", "ES", "MX", "PH", "FR", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "url": "motif/cross/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Tuareg users of the tanaghilt, some of whom describe it as a grigri or a reserve of wealth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agadez-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GR", "EG", "ET", "IE", "NE", "ES", "MX", "PH", "FR", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "url": "motif/cross/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "Dieterlen and Ligers, recording a father's words on giving the cross to a son leaving to live as a nomad", "quote": "My son, I give you the four directions of the world, because we do not know where you will go to die", "source": "s:wp-agadez-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GR", "EG", "ET", "IE", "NE", "ES", "MX", "PH", "FR", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "url": "motif/divine-name/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "hadith on the Throne Verse, which say reciting it turns away devils and fiends", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "EG", "SY", "IQ", "MA", "DZ", "TR", "IR", "SA", "PK", "CN", "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "url": "motif/divine-name/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the tradition around Ayat al-Kursi, which extends its protection to the evil eye", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "EG", "SY", "IQ", "MA", "DZ", "TR", "IR", "SA", "PK", "CN", "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "url": "motif/divine-name/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "Muslims who recite the Throne Verse before setting out on a journey and before sleeping", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-throne-verse", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "EG", "SY", "IQ", "MA", "DZ", "TR", "IR", "SA", "PK", "CN", "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "url": "motif/divine-name/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Surah Al-Falaq, used as a prayer to God against black magic", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "EG", "SY", "IQ", "MA", "DZ", "TR", "IR", "SA", "PK", "CN", "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "url": "motif/divine-name/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "the reading of Shaddai on a mezuzah as Shomer Daltot Yisrael, Guardian of Israel's doors", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mezuzah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "EG", "SY", "IQ", "MA", "DZ", "TR", "IR", "SA", "PK", "CN", "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "url": "motif/divine-name/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Gnostics of Basilides, who used the written formula to call beneficent spirits against disease and misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abracadabra", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "EG", "SY", "IQ", "MA", "DZ", "TR", "IR", "SA", "PK", "CN", "JP", "KR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "url": "motif/eye/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "carriers across the Mediterranean, West and South Asia, Africa and Latin America", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "TR", "IT", "IL", "PS", "SY", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK", "MX", "BR", "GB", "AL", "GE", "AM", "MA", "TN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "url": "motif/eye/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "the usual explanation given by carriers, recorded across the same range", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "TR", "IT", "IL", "PS", "SY", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK", "MX", "BR", "GB", "AL", "GE", "AM", "MA", "TN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "url": "motif/eye/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "parents; the eye is put on infants more than on anyone else", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "tradition", "region": "world", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "TR", "IT", "IL", "PS", "SY", "IR", "IQ", "IN", "PK", "MX", "BR", "GB", "AL", "GE", "AM", "MA", "TN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "fish", "type": "motif", "name": "The fish", "url": "motif/fish/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Chinese practice, in which fish and lock charms were worn mainly by young children and infants", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "TR", "IT", "GR", "SY", "IL", "CN", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "fish", "type": "motif", "name": "The fish", "url": "motif/fish/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "early Christian funerary use — the sign is cut on stelae and in catacombs", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ichthys", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "TR", "IT", "GR", "SY", "IL", "CN", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "url": "motif/fist/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "ancient Greeks, who wore amulets of the gesture at the neck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GR", "ES", "PT", "BR", "TR", "RU", "UA", "PL", "RS", "HR", "SI", "LT", "LV", "AM", "AZ", "MN", "ZA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "url": "motif/fist/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "the Roman pater familias, who made the sign during the Lemuria against the spirits of the dead", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GR", "ES", "PT", "BR", "TR", "RU", "UA", "PL", "RS", "HR", "SI", "LT", "LV", "AM", "AZ", "MN", "ZA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "url": "motif/fist/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Asturian practice — jet higas are usually given to young children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GR", "ES", "PT", "BR", "TR", "RU", "UA", "PL", "RS", "HR", "SI", "LT", "LV", "AM", "AZ", "MN", "ZA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "url": "motif/fist/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Portuguese, Brazilian, Galician and Asturian use, where the gesture wishes good luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GR", "ES", "PT", "BR", "TR", "RU", "UA", "PL", "RS", "HR", "SI", "LT", "LV", "AM", "AZ", "MN", "ZA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "footprint", "type": "motif", "name": "The footprint", "url": "motif/footprint/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Buddhist practice, in which the marks on the sole are named auspicious signs", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-buddha-footprint", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "LK", "TH", "KH", "MM", "JP", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "footprint", "type": "motif", "name": "The footprint", "url": "motif/footprint/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Theravada communities in Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia, who read the swastika as the Buddha's footprints", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-swastika", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "LK", "TH", "KH", "MM", "JP", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "url": "motif/hand/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "carriers across North Africa and the Middle East, as reported of the hamsa", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "LY", "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "IQ", "TR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "url": "motif/hand/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "von Kemnitz, on hand-of-Ishtar amulets in Mesopotamia and Babylon, used to keep evil or disease out of a building", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "LY", "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "IQ", "TR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "url": "motif/hand/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the names Hand-of-Venus and Hand-of-Mary attach to hand amulets said to help women's fertility and lactation", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "LY", "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "IQ", "TR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "url": "motif/hand/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Asturian practice, where jet hands are given to young children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fig-sign", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "LY", "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "IQ", "TR", "ES", "IT", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "url": "motif/horn/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "southern Italian wearers; the harm is named malocchio", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US", "AR", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "url": "motif/horn/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the amulet's own Italian name, corno portafortuna — the horn that brings luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US", "AR", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "url": "motif/horn/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "historic use, for fertility and virility", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US", "AR", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "url": "motif/horn/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "the malocchio is described as reaching milking animals and fruiting trees as well as people", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US", "AR", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "url": "motif/horn/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the same account names nursing mothers and their babies first", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "US", "AR", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "key", "type": "motif", "name": "The key", "url": "motif/key/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Vodouists, for whom Papa Legba is the key to the spirit world and is matched with the key-holding Saint Peter", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-haitian-vodou", "tier": "cited", "region": "caribbean", "countries": [ "HT", "PH", "IT", "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "key", "type": "motif", "name": "The key", "url": "motif/key/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "southern Italian wearers of the cimaruta, one form of which carries a key among its sprigs", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cimaruta", "tier": "cited", "region": "caribbean", "countries": [ "HT", "PH", "IT", "EG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "url": "motif/knot/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Book of the Dead chapter 156, which calls for a red jasper tyet at the mummy's neck", "quote": "the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body", "source": "s:wp-tyet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IE", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "IL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "url": "motif/knot/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Bulgarian and Macedonian practice: the red and white threads are described as a wish for good health", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IE", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "IL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "url": "motif/knot/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Japanese women who stitched senninbari for departing soldiers; the commonest slogan sewn in is bu-un chō-kyū, eternal good luck in war", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IE", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "IL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "url": "motif/knot/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Irish practice — a Brigid's cross hung from the rafters for the saint's blessing and protection over the year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IE", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "IL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "url": "motif/knot/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "hadith reporting a charm worked against Muhammad, in one version undone only when the knot was taken apart", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "GR", "IE", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "IL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "url": "motif/lion/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Egyptian households, for whom Bes and Taweret were the two deities most often invoked in protective ritual for mothers and children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-apotropaic-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "IR", "SD", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "url": "motif/lion/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "Mesopotamian ritual, which set Pazuzu against Lamashtu to keep a woman from miscarrying", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "IR", "SD", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "url": "motif/lion/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the astral-medical text LBAT 1597, which ties lamashtu-disease to the moon in the region of Leo", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lamashtu", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "IR", "SD", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "url": "motif/lion/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Lamashtu's own amulets, worn, attached to the body or garments, or placed near beds and doorways", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lamashtu", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "IR", "SD", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "url": "motif/lion/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Sirr al-Asrar's kings' talisman, a crowned man riding a lion, said to keep harm away", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "IR", "SD", "GR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "url": "motif/magic-square/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "Vrnda's Siddhayog, c. 966 CE, which prescribes the 3×3 square to women in labour for an easy delivery", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-magic-square", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "IN", "IQ", "IR", "DZ", "EG", "NG", "ES", "IT", "DE", "PL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "url": "motif/magic-square/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Jābir ibn Hayyān and al-Ghazālī, in whose works the order-three square is described as a child-bearing charm", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-magic-square", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "IN", "IQ", "IR", "DZ", "EG", "NG", "ES", "IT", "DE", "PL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "url": "motif/magic-square/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Gargasamhita, which recommends the 3×3 to pacify the nine planets", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-magic-square", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "IN", "IQ", "IR", "DZ", "EG", "NG", "ES", "IT", "DE", "PL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "url": "motif/magic-square/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Islamic talismanic practice, in which squares are used against the evil eye, misfortune, jinn and demons", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "IN", "IQ", "IR", "DZ", "EG", "NG", "ES", "IT", "DE", "PL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "url": "motif/magic-square/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the same tradition, which also uses them to bring good fortune and to preserve attractiveness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "IN", "IQ", "IR", "DZ", "EG", "NG", "ES", "IT", "DE", "PL", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "url": "motif/mirror-sign/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "feng shui practitioners, on sha qi — poison arrows from a building's sharp corner or a road running at the door", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bagua", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "HK", "TW", "MN", "RU", "SG", "MY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "url": "motif/mirror-sign/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Taoist masters, whose mirror techniques are described as revealing or destroying evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bagua", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "HK", "TW", "MN", "RU", "SG", "MY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "url": "motif/mirror-sign/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Mongolian and Buryat shamans, whose mirrored costume is called armour against hostile spirit attack", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-toli-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "HK", "TW", "MN", "RU", "SG", "MY" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "open-palm", "type": "motif", "name": "The open palm", "url": "motif/open-palm/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "carriers across North Africa and the Middle East", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "LY", "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "TR", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "open-palm", "type": "motif", "name": "The open palm", "url": "motif/open-palm/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "the Hand-of-Venus and Hand-of-Mary names, attached to hand amulets said to protect women, help lactation and strengthen a pregnancy", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "LY", "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "TR", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "open-palm", "type": "motif", "name": "The open palm", "url": "motif/open-palm/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the Mano Pantea reading, in which the sign calls a child's parents to protect it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "maghreb", "countries": [ "MA", "DZ", "TN", "LY", "EG", "IL", "PS", "SY", "TR", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "url": "motif/palindrome-word/", "harm": "fever", "harm_label": "Fever and plague", "who": "Serenus Sammonicus, who prescribed the triangle amulet to malaria sufferers and claimed it makes lethal diseases go away", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abracadabra", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "SY", "EG", "GB", "FR", "DE", "PT", "HU", "SE", "IS", "US", "BR", "BA", "RS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "url": "motif/palindrome-word/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the 16th-century Italian Jewish codex Ets ha-Da'at, which calls it a cure from heavens for all sorts of fevers, consumption and fire", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-abracadabra", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "SY", "EG", "GB", "FR", "DE", "PT", "HU", "SE", "IS", "US", "BR", "BA", "RS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "url": "motif/palindrome-word/", "harm": "fire", "harm_label": "Fire", "who": "medieval German practice: disks bearing the square thrown into fires, required of every settlement by a 1743 edict of Duke Ernest Auguste of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sator-square", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "SY", "EG", "GB", "FR", "DE", "PT", "HU", "SE", "IS", "US", "BR", "BA", "RS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "url": "motif/palindrome-word/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "the 12th-century Trotula, which has the words written on cheese and butter and eaten, and a 13th-century Aurillac parchment giving a chant for women in labour", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sator-square", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "SY", "EG", "GB", "FR", "DE", "PT", "HU", "SE", "IS", "US", "BR", "BA", "RS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "url": "motif/palindrome-word/", "harm": "animal-attack", "harm_label": "Dangerous animals", "who": "medieval European practice against dog bites and rabies, the cure eaten on inscribed bread; and 19th-century Brazil, against dog and snake bites", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sator-square", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "SY", "EG", "GB", "FR", "DE", "PT", "HU", "SE", "IS", "US", "BR", "BA", "RS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "url": "motif/palindrome-word/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "medieval charms built on the square, used to ward off evil spells and to test whether somebody was a witch", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sator-square", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "SY", "EG", "GB", "FR", "DE", "PT", "HU", "SE", "IS", "US", "BR", "BA", "RS" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "url": "motif/phallic-sign/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Pliny, who called the fascinus a medicus invidiae — a remedy for envy and for the look", "quote": "medicus invidiae", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY", "GR", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "url": "motif/phallic-sign/", "harm": "envy", "harm_label": "Envy", "who": "Roman practice: the Vestals hung one under a triumphing general's chariot against invidia", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY", "GR", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "url": "motif/phallic-sign/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Varro, on the custom of hanging a phallic charm at a baby's neck; rings too small for an adult have been found", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY", "GR", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "url": "motif/phallic-sign/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Roman householders, who hung phallic wind chimes at doorways and thresholds", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tintinnabulum-rome", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY", "GR", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "url": "motif/phallic-sign/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Augustine, reporting Varro: the image was carried in procession at the festival of Liber to repel fascinatio from the fields", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fascinus", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "LY", "GR", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "url": "motif/red-thread/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the Jewish folk custom, which names the harm as ayin hara", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-red-string-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "IN", "CN", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "url": "motif/red-thread/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the same custom, described as a way to ward off misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-red-string-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "IN", "CN", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "url": "motif/red-thread/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Bulgarian and Macedonian practice: the red and white threads are a wish for good health", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "IN", "CN", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "url": "motif/red-thread/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Romanian and Moldovan observers, who record the pendant as a talisman for the wearer's health and beauty", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-m-r-i-or", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "IN", "CN", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "scarab-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The beetle", "url": "motif/scarab-sign/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Egyptian funerary practice, in which the scarab stands for rebirth and regeneration", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-scarab-artifact", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "IL", "PS", "LB", "SY", "JO", "GR", "TR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "scarab-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The beetle", "url": "motif/scarab-sign/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the sign's association with Khepri and the daily renewal of the sun, as summarised by Egyptologists", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-scarab-artifact", "tier": "tradition", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "SD", "IL", "PS", "LB", "SY", "JO", "GR", "TR", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "url": "motif/serpent/", "harm": "snakebite", "harm_label": "Snakes and scorpions", "who": "Egyptian texts: charms against snakes were inscribed or chanted, some invoking the snake deity Nehebkau, and some to protect the dead", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-snake-worship", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "GR", "IT", "IN", "KH", "TH", "LA", "BJ", "MX", "GT", "HT", "CN", "JP", "KR", "AE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "url": "motif/serpent/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Angkorean builders, who set hooded multi-headed nāgas as guardians of temples and other premises", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-serpent-symbolism", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "GR", "IT", "IN", "KH", "TH", "LA", "BJ", "MX", "GT", "HT", "CN", "JP", "KR", "AE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "url": "motif/serpent/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Egyptian tradition, which has Wadjet spit fire at the enemies of the pharaoh and of Ra", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-snake-worship", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "GR", "IT", "IN", "KH", "TH", "LA", "BJ", "MX", "GT", "HT", "CN", "JP", "KR", "AE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "url": "motif/serpent/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Asclepius staff and the Ningizzida rod, both healing emblems in their own traditions", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-serpent-symbolism", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "GR", "IT", "IN", "KH", "TH", "LA", "BJ", "MX", "GT", "HT", "CN", "JP", "KR", "AE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "url": "motif/serpent/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "German popular belief, in which the house snake looks after the cows and the children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-snake-worship", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "GR", "IT", "IN", "KH", "TH", "LA", "BJ", "MX", "GT", "HT", "CN", "JP", "KR", "AE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "spiral", "type": "motif", "name": "The spiral", "url": "motif/spiral/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the householders of Nippur, in John Charles Arnold's reading of the bowls", "quote": "When placed upside down under each corner of a house, demons would follow the inscribed charms that spiraled from the outer rim inward, only to be caught in the center.", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "MT", "IE", "IM", "IT", "GR", "IQ", "SY", "EG", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "spiral", "type": "motif", "name": "The spiral", "url": "motif/spiral/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the bowls' own inscriptions, which name the evil eye among the influences they act against", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "MT", "IE", "IM", "IT", "GR", "IQ", "SY", "EG", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "spiral", "type": "motif", "name": "The spiral", "url": "motif/spiral/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the hoplites who bore the triskeles on their shields from the late sixth century BCE", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-wp-triskelion", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "MT", "IE", "IM", "IT", "GR", "IQ", "SY", "EG", "RU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "url": "motif/swastika-sign/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Hindu, Buddhist and Jain practice, in which the sign is auspicious; the Sanskrit root svasti means health, luck, success, prosperity", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-swastika", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "BT", "TH", "MM", "KH", "ID", "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "MN", "ET", "GH", "PA", "US", "AM", "IR", "BG", "UA", "ES", "DE", "AT", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "url": "motif/swastika-sign/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "Chinese use: declared the source of all good fortune in 693 under Wu Zetian, and read as longevity and infinity through the homophone for ten thousand", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-swastika", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "BT", "TH", "MM", "KH", "ID", "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "MN", "ET", "GH", "PA", "US", "AM", "IR", "BG", "UA", "ES", "DE", "AT", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "url": "motif/swastika-sign/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Navajo practice, in which the whirling log, tsin náálwołí, is used in healing rituals", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-swastika", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "BT", "TH", "MM", "KH", "ID", "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "MN", "ET", "GH", "PA", "US", "AM", "IR", "BG", "UA", "ES", "DE", "AT", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "url": "motif/swastika-sign/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Hindu householders, who put it at entrances and on doorways of homes and temples", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-swastika", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "LK", "BT", "TH", "MM", "KH", "ID", "CN", "JP", "KR", "VN", "MN", "ET", "GH", "PA", "US", "AM", "IR", "BG", "UA", "ES", "DE", "AT", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "url": "motif/tooth-and-claw/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "the Pitt Rivers Museum, on a wolf's tooth worn by a child as a remedy for convulsions and chewed during teething", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-prm-wolf-tooth", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "IT", "GB", "AL", "FJ", "TO", "US", "GL", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "url": "motif/tooth-and-claw/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Pliny the Elder, cited by the museum: a wolf's tooth could also prevent a child from being startled", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-prm-wolf-tooth", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "IT", "GB", "AL", "FJ", "TO", "US", "GL", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "url": "motif/tooth-and-claw/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Illyrians, who used animal teeth against it alongside the phallus, the hand and the leg", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "IT", "GB", "AL", "FJ", "TO", "US", "GL", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "url": "motif/tooth-and-claw/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Fijian practice: the dead were buried with their tabua", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tabua", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "IT", "GB", "AL", "FJ", "TO", "US", "GL", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "url": "motif/tooth-and-claw/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Inuit accounts, in which an amulet's efficacy is attributed to its corresponding spirit", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-inuit-religion", "tier": "cited", "region": "western-europe", "countries": [ "FR", "IT", "GB", "AL", "FJ", "TO", "US", "GL", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "url": "motif/tree/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Victorian folklorists reporting English and Scottish practice: Edwin Lees in 1856, James Frazer in 1890, Charles Godfrey Leland in 1891", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rowan", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "JP", "EG", "IQ", "HT", "BJ", "TG", "IN", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "url": "motif/tree/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Thomas Keightley's account of the fairy rades, watched safely from behind a rowan branch laid over the door", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rowan", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "JP", "EG", "IQ", "HT", "BJ", "TG", "IN", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "url": "motif/tree/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Japanese shrine-goers, who tie a bad omikuji to a pine so the luck waits by the tree rather than following them home", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-o-mikuji", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "JP", "EG", "IQ", "HT", "BJ", "TG", "IN", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "url": "motif/tree/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "the rowan's English by-names, wayfarer's tree and traveller's tree, given because it was said to keep travellers from getting lost", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rowan", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "JP", "EG", "IQ", "HT", "BJ", "TG", "IN", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "amber", "type": "material", "name": "Amber", "url": "material/amber/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the European tradition of amber teething and colic necklaces, which argues from succinic acid", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amber", "tier": "tradition", "region": "baltic-slavic", "countries": [ "PL", "LT", "RU", "DE", "IT", "GR", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "amber", "type": "material", "name": "Amber", "url": "material/amber/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "parents who put the necklaces on infants", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amber", "tier": "tradition", "region": "baltic-slavic", "countries": [ "PL", "LT", "RU", "DE", "IT", "GR", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "url": "material/bone-ivory/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Thai amulet practice, where bone-bearing charms are among those blessed for invulnerability", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "tradition", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "TH", "US", "GL", "FJ", "CN", "GB", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "url": "material/bone-ivory/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "makers of the palad khik, carved in wood, metal, bone, horn or ivory", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-palad-khik", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "TH", "US", "GL", "FJ", "CN", "GB", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "url": "material/bone-ivory/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Greenlandic accounts of the tupilaq, assembled from bone, skin, hair and sinew", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tupilaq", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "TH", "US", "GL", "FJ", "CN", "GB", "ID" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "url": "material/carnelian/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "writers on Islamic amulet practice, summarising why this stone is chosen", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "BG", "PK", "IN", "IR", "IQ", "EG", "GR", "IT", "LK", "ID", "BR", "RU", "DE", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "url": "material/carnelian/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Islamic amulet practice, where carnelian set with jade is read as fertility and embryogenesis", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "BG", "PK", "IN", "IR", "IQ", "EG", "GR", "IT", "LK", "ID", "BR", "RU", "DE", "PE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N" ] }, { "id": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "url": "material/cloth/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Hürrem Sultan, who told Suleiman the Magnificent the shirt's inscriptions would protect him from bullets", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "CN", "FR", "DE", "CH", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "url": "material/cloth/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the women who stitched senninbari and the soldiers who carried them — the same source records soldiers who rejected the claim and kept the belt as a memento", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "CN", "FR", "DE", "CH", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "url": "material/cloth/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Jewish families in Alsace, southern Germany and Switzerland, who set a coin or coral on a boy's brit milah neckband", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "CN", "FR", "DE", "CH", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "url": "material/cloth/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Hoodoo conjure workers, for whom red flannel carries protection and spiritual power", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "CN", "FR", "DE", "CH", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "url": "material/cloth/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Muslim wearers of talismanic shirts, whose textual model is Joseph's shirt healing Jacob's blindness", "quote": "Go with this my shirt, and cast it over the face of my father: he will come to see", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "IR", "IN", "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "CN", "FR", "DE", "CH", "IL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "url": "material/copper/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "ritual texts from Uruk, which prescribe a bronze Pazuzu necklace against miscarriage", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "NE", "TR", "IQ", "EG", "IT", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "url": "material/copper/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the charms' own inscriptions, which ask for longevity, wealth and honour and for wealth and treasure to be attracted", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "NE", "TR", "IQ", "EG", "IT", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "url": "material/copper/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "the families who put 'laid to rest' charms in the mouths of their dead", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "NE", "TR", "IQ", "EG", "IT", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "url": "material/copper/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the account of the Turkish eye bead, which names copper among the shielding ingredients", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "NE", "TR", "IQ", "EG", "IT", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "url": "material/copper/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Chinese householders, whose house charms include small bronze statues set to protect the house from evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "NE", "TR", "IQ", "EG", "IT", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "url": "material/coral/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "southern Italian wearers of the cornicello, where the coral is part of the argument", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "CN", "PR", "DE", "CH", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "url": "material/coral/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Jewish families in Alsace, southern Germany and Switzerland, who set coral on a boy's brit milah neckband to pull the eye off him", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "CN", "PR", "DE", "CH", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "url": "material/coral/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Chinese court usage, which ties red coral to auspiciousness and longevity", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-coral", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "CN", "PR", "DE", "CH", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie", "type": "material", "name": "Cowrie", "url": "material/cowrie/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "users in parts of Africa, where cowries were prized charms associated with fecundity", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "MV", "IN", "LK", "NG", "BJ", "GH", "CA", "US", "BR", "FJ", "EG", "CN", "KE", "SL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie", "type": "material", "name": "Cowrie", "url": "material/cowrie/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the same accounts, which name good luck alongside fertility", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "MV", "IN", "LK", "NG", "BJ", "GH", "CA", "US", "BR", "FJ", "EG", "CN", "KE", "SL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "cowrie", "type": "material", "name": "Cowrie", "url": "material/cowrie/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "predynastic Egyptian and Neolithic Levantine burial practice, and the Bengali ferry-fare for the departed soul", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cowrie", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "MV", "IN", "LK", "NG", "BJ", "GH", "CA", "US", "BR", "FJ", "EG", "CN", "KE", "SL" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "url": "material/glass/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Turkish sellers and wearers, who name the blue and the ingredients", "quote": "According to Turkish belief, blue acts as a shield against evil and even absorbs negativity.", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG", "IQ", "IR", "IT", "TN", "LB", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "url": "material/glass/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "carriers of the concentric blue-and-white bead from the Phoenicians to the Ottomans", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG", "IQ", "IR", "IT", "TN", "LB", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "url": "material/glass/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "enslaved African Americans at the Hermitage plantation, Nashville, whose hexagonal glass beads archaeologists read as used for fertility and other spiritual purposes", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG", "IQ", "IR", "IT", "TN", "LB", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "url": "material/glass/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "English householders who buried glass witch bottles under thresholds and hearths", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "anatolia", "countries": [ "TR", "GR", "EG", "IQ", "IR", "IT", "TN", "LB", "GB", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "url": "material/gold/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Roman parents, who hung a bulla on a boy nine days after birth and a lunula on a girl", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-bulla-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "BG", "EG", "IQ", "IT", "GB", "CN", "MX" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "url": "material/gold/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Roman use as summarised by Isidore of Seville and by writers on Roman dress", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-lunula-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "BG", "EG", "IQ", "IT", "GB", "CN", "MX" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "url": "material/gold/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the givers of milagros, votive charms made in gold where a family can afford gold", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-milagro-votive", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "BG", "EG", "IQ", "IT", "GB", "CN", "MX" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "url": "material/hair/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the writers of Greek erotic binding spells, which call for hair from the head of the love target", "quote": "hair from the head of the love target", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "url": "material/hair/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "English householders, whose bottles held their own hair and urine as countermagic against a spell already cast", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "url": "material/hair/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "conjure workers in the American South, who put hair into bags meant to protect against conjure or to work it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "url": "material/hair/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the makers of goofer bags, built from goofer-root, cloth, strands of hair, needles and graveyard dirt", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "BE", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "url": "material/herb/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "stallholders at the Mercado de Sonora, who sell chains of garlic to ward off evil and a deer's-eye seed against the evil eye", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mercado-de-sonora", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "MX", "SN", "US", "PH", "CD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "url": "material/herb/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "southern Italian households, who hang dried chili peppers against the malocchio", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-cornicello", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "MX", "SN", "US", "PH", "CD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "url": "material/herb/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "English folk healers, in whose bottles evil is impaled on the pins, drowned by the wine and sent away by the rosemary", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "MX", "SN", "US", "PH", "CD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "url": "material/herb/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Mexico City herb sellers, whose ten-herb blend against the 2009 flu sold at 80 pesos per kilo", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mercado-de-sonora", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "MX", "SN", "US", "PH", "CD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "url": "material/herb/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Hoodoo conjure workers, for whom the lucky hand root was a gambler's ingredient", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "rome-italy", "countries": [ "IT", "GB", "MX", "SN", "US", "PH", "CD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "url": "material/ink/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "users of the washed slate in Nigeria and Cameroon, where the collected water is consumed or used in healing rituals", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-wp-quran-boards", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "CM", "GH", "SN", "IQ", "IR", "SA", "CN", "JP", "TR", "IN", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "url": "material/ink/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Islamic healing literature Remke Kruk summarises, which prescribes drinking water over which Qur'anic passages have been recited", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "CM", "GH", "SN", "IQ", "IR", "SA", "CN", "JP", "TR", "IN", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "url": "material/ink/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the householders of Nippur, whose spiral-written bowls were buried face down under thresholds", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "CM", "GH", "SN", "IQ", "IR", "SA", "CN", "JP", "TR", "IN", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "url": "material/ink/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the same bowls' inscriptions, which name the evil eye, Lilith and Bagdana", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "CM", "GH", "SN", "IQ", "IR", "SA", "CN", "JP", "TR", "IN", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "url": "material/ink/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Taoist priests, whose coin talismans mostly request Lei Gong to protect the carrier from evil spirits and misfortune", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "NG", "CM", "GH", "SN", "IQ", "IR", "SA", "CN", "JP", "TR", "IN", "TH" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "url": "material/iron/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "English, Irish and Scottish folk tradition as recorded by folklorists", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-iron-in-folklore", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "DK", "LT", "EE", "EG", "TR", "CN", "ID", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "url": "material/iron/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the same tradition: an iron knife buried under the entrance to a house", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-iron-in-folklore", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "DK", "LT", "EE", "EG", "TR", "CN", "ID", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "url": "material/iron/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "horseshoe customs in England, Denmark, Lithuania and Estonia", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-iron-in-folklore", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "DK", "LT", "EE", "EG", "TR", "CN", "ID", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "url": "material/iron/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the recipe given for a Turkish nazar bead, which puts iron in the batch", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "IE", "DK", "LT", "EE", "EG", "TR", "CN", "ID", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "url": "material/jade/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Spanish name-givers, who called it flank stone for a reputed power over the loins and kidneys", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-jade", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "MM", "GT", "MX", "NZ", "KR", "TW", "PH", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "url": "material/jade/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Han burial practice, which encased the body in plaques sewn with wire graded by rank", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-jade-burial-suit", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "MM", "GT", "MX", "NZ", "KR", "TW", "PH", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "url": "material/jade/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "writers on Islamic amulets, who record a claim of victory in battle for jade and jasper", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "china", "countries": [ "CN", "MM", "GT", "MX", "NZ", "KR", "TW", "PH", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "url": "material/jet/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Roman users in Britain, for whom jet amulets and pendants were held to deflect the gaze", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-jet-gemstone", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "ES", "FR", "TR", "US", "DE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "url": "material/jet/", "harm": "snakebite", "harm_label": "Snakes and scorpions", "who": "Pliny the Elder", "quote": "the kindling of jet drives off snakes and relieves suffocation of the uterus", "source": "s:wp-jet-gemstone", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "ES", "FR", "TR", "US", "DE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "url": "material/jet/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Puerto Rican families, whose azabache bracelet is the usual protection put on a baby", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "ES", "FR", "TR", "US", "DE" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "url": "material/lead/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "the writers of the Bath tablets: all but one of the 130 concern the restitution of stolen goods", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "EG", "KH", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "url": "material/lead/", "harm": "lawsuit", "harm_label": "A court case or an official", "who": "Athenian litigants, whose tablets ask that the opposing speaker botch his performance, forget his words and become dizzy", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "EG", "KH", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "url": "material/lead/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the users of erotic binding spells, which Christopher Faraone divides into spells for inducing passion and spells for encouraging affection", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "EG", "KH", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "url": "material/lead/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "those who laid tablets at the graves of people who died young or violently, to help settle their souls", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "greece-aegean", "countries": [ "GR", "IT", "GB", "EG", "KH", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "palm-leaf", "type": "material", "name": "Palm leaf", "url": "material/palm-leaf/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Thai makers of takrut, which are blessed for kong grapan, invulnerability", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "LK", "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "ID", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "palm-leaf", "type": "material", "name": "Palm leaf", "url": "material/palm-leaf/", "harm": "attraction", "harm_label": "Attracting custom, luck or love", "who": "the same makers, for maha sanaeh and metta mahaniyom — attraction and popularity", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "LK", "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "ID", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "palm-leaf", "type": "material", "name": "Palm leaf", "url": "material/palm-leaf/", "harm": "travel", "harm_label": "Danger on a journey", "who": "Thai wearers, who take takrut on work journeys and to war", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "LK", "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "ID", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S" ] }, { "id": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "url": "material/paper/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Taoist practitioners of fulu, whose calligraphy is made against evil spirits", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN", "KR", "EG", "ML", "GH", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "url": "material/paper/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Shinto shrines, which issue ofuda for calamity and misfortune and for safety in the home", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN", "KR", "EG", "ML", "GH", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "url": "material/paper/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the makers of block-printed Islamic paper amulets, and the Qur'anic verses printed on them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "CN", "KR", "EG", "ML", "GH", "US" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "url": "material/parchment/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "early Egyptian Christians, whose parchment and papyrus amulets carried Gospel incipits and Psalm 91 against them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "EG", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "url": "material/parchment/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the same writers, who made the amulets to cure bodily illnesses", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "EG", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "url": "material/parchment/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Jewish households, who fix the inscribed klaf to the doorpost as the commandment directs", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mezuzah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "EG", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "salt", "type": "material", "name": "Salt", "url": "material/salt/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "English folk practice, which sealed salt among the fillings of a witch bottle", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "IT", "IL", "IN", "MX", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "salt", "type": "material", "name": "Salt", "url": "material/salt/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Catholic teaching, which permits lay use of holy water and blessed salt for warding off evil", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "IT", "IL", "IN", "MX", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "salt", "type": "material", "name": "Salt", "url": "material/salt/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Mahayana Buddhist practice of throwing salt over the left shoulder on returning from a funeral", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-salt", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "IT", "IL", "IN", "MX", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "salt", "type": "material", "name": "Salt", "url": "material/salt/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the published recipe for a Turkish nazar bead, which names salt among the ingredients", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nazar-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "IT", "IL", "IN", "MX", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "seed", "type": "material", "name": "Seed and nut", "url": "material/seed/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "stallholders at the Mercado de Sonora, who sell a seed called deer's eye against it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mercado-de-sonora", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "ID", "MX", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "seed", "type": "material", "name": "Seed and nut", "url": "material/seed/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Chinese marriage charms, whose lotus seeds stand for continuous births and whose pomegranates stand for fertility", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-chinese-numismatic-charm", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "ID", "MX", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "seed", "type": "material", "name": "Seed and nut", "url": "material/seed/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Upanishadic account attributed to Kalagni-Rudra, which promises the benefit of giving cows in charity for uttering, seeing and touching the bead", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rudraksha", "tier": "cited", "region": "south-asia", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "ID", "MX", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "url": "material/silver/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "Egyptian users of the hirz and the hamsa, where the silver itself is part of the claim", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hamsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "SY", "IT", "GB", "US", "EG", "DZ", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "url": "material/silver/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "European folklore, which holds a silver bullet the only weapon effective against a witch or werewolf", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-silver", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "SY", "IT", "GB", "US", "EG", "DZ", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "url": "material/silver/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the incised sheet amulets of late antique Palestine and Syria, which name God against them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "SY", "IT", "GB", "US", "EG", "DZ", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "url": "material/skin/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "sak yant wearers in dangerous work — the cited account names military personnel, police and taxi drivers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "EG", "SD", "IT", "AT", "BA", "IN", "PH", "PK", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "url": "material/skin/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Austronesian carriers, among whom tattoos were regarded as wards against evil spirits and illnesses, and tattooed people in Rajasthan", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tattoo", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "EG", "SD", "IT", "AT", "BA", "IN", "PH", "PK", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "url": "material/skin/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "readings of Ötzi's 61 tattoos, which correspond to areas of degeneration in his bones and have been read as pain treatment", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tattoo", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "EG", "SD", "IT", "AT", "BA", "IN", "PH", "PK", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "url": "material/skin/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "women in Egypt and Nubia tattooed with Bes, the god associated with fertility and childbirth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tattoo", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "EG", "SD", "IT", "AT", "BA", "IN", "PH", "PK", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "url": "material/skin/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Catholic Croats of Bosnia, who used sicanje against forced conversion under Ottoman rule", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tattoo", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "EG", "SD", "IT", "AT", "BA", "IN", "PH", "PK", "AF" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "terracotta", "type": "material", "name": "Fired clay", "url": "material/terracotta/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the householders of Nippur, in the reading of the bowls given by John Charles Arnold", "quote": "When placed upside down under each corner of a house, demons would follow the inscribed charms that spiraled from the outer rim inward, only to be caught in the center.", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY", "EG", "GR", "IT", "TH", "GB", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "terracotta", "type": "material", "name": "Fired clay", "url": "material/terracotta/", "harm": "childbirth", "harm_label": "Death in childbirth", "who": "ritual texts from Uruk, which prescribe a Pazuzu amulet against miscarriage caused by Lamashtu", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-pazuzu", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY", "EG", "GR", "IT", "TH", "GB", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "terracotta", "type": "material", "name": "Fired clay", "url": "material/terracotta/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the bowls' own inscriptions, which name the evil eye, Lilith and Bagdana among the influences they act against", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY", "EG", "GR", "IT", "TH", "GB", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "terracotta", "type": "material", "name": "Fired clay", "url": "material/terracotta/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "Egyptian officials, who wrote enemies' names on clay and smashed it under a foundation", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "mesopotamia", "countries": [ "IQ", "IR", "SY", "EG", "GR", "IT", "TH", "GB", "JP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "url": "material/thread/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "wearers of the Jewish red string, and the commentators who call it a good omen", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-red-string-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "JP", "CN", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "url": "material/thread/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Bulgarian and Macedonian wearers of the martenitsa, whose red and white threads carry a wish for good health", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "JP", "CN", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "url": "material/thread/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "the women who stitched senninbari, and the soldiers who carried them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "JP", "CN", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "url": "material/thread/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "the stitched slogan itself, bu-un cho-kyu, 'eternal good luck in war'", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "AL", "GR", "JP", "CN", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth", "type": "material", "name": "Tooth, tusk and claw", "url": "material/tooth/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "wearers in Italy, who used a tooth or a tuft of fur of the Italian wolf against it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-evil-eye", "tier": "cited", "region": "pacific", "countries": [ "FJ", "TO", "US", "IT", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth", "type": "material", "name": "Tooth, tusk and claw", "url": "material/tooth/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "Fijian practice, in which a tabua is presented in atonement", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tabua", "tier": "cited", "region": "pacific", "countries": [ "FJ", "TO", "US", "IT", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tooth", "type": "material", "name": "Tooth, tusk and claw", "url": "material/tooth/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Fijian burial custom, which put a man's tabua in the grave with him", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tabua", "tier": "cited", "region": "pacific", "countries": [ "FJ", "TO", "US", "IT", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "url": "material/turquoise/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the several ancient cultures whose common belief held that the stone changed colour with the wearer's health", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-turquoise", "tier": "cited", "region": "iran-persia", "countries": [ "IR", "EG", "MX", "US", "CN", "MN", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "url": "material/turquoise/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Navajo use, described in the sources as spiritual protection and blessing", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-turquoise", "tier": "cited", "region": "iran-persia", "countries": [ "IR", "EG", "MX", "US", "CN", "MN", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "url": "material/turquoise/", "harm": "war", "harm_label": "War", "who": "Apache tradition, which holds that the stone affords the archer dead aim", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-turquoise", "tier": "cited", "region": "iran-persia", "countries": [ "IR", "EG", "MX", "US", "CN", "MN", "GR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "url": "material/wood/", "harm": "exams", "harm_label": "Failing an exam", "who": "Japanese worshippers who buy ema for examination success — and the shrines criticised in 1979 for profiting from them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ema-shinto", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "GB", "NG", "CM", "GH", "CD", "MX", "US", "NO", "SE", "FI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "url": "material/wood/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "British folklorists of the Victorian era, reporting the rowan's warding of witches; James Frazer recorded the tree planted at a Scottish gate or front door in 1890", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rowan", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "GB", "NG", "CM", "GH", "CD", "MX", "US", "NO", "SE", "FI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "url": "material/wood/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Thomas Keightley's account: a rowan branch over the door let mortals watch the fairy rades safely", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rowan", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "GB", "NG", "CM", "GH", "CD", "MX", "US", "NO", "SE", "FI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "url": "material/wood/", "harm": "child-harm", "harm_label": "Harm to a child", "who": "Ojibwe mothers and grandmothers, in the account Frances Densmore recorded in 1929, who wove willow hoops for children", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dreamcatcher", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "GB", "NG", "CM", "GH", "CD", "MX", "US", "NO", "SE", "FI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "url": "material/wood/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "young Fanti women seeking to conceive, who keep an akua'ba and have it washed and cared for in the homestead", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-akuaba", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "GB", "NG", "CM", "GH", "CD", "MX", "US", "NO", "SE", "FI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "url": "material/wood/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Kongo communities, whose publicly held nkondi were used to affirm oaths and to protect villages from witches or evildoers", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkondi", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "GB", "NG", "CM", "GH", "CD", "MX", "US", "NO", "SE", "FI" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "url": "practice/blessing-at-a-shrine/", "harm": "traffic", "harm_label": "A road accident", "who": "Japanese shrines, which issue kōtsū-anzen omamori consecrated before they reach the counter", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "JP", "TW", "TH", "PH", "MX", "BO", "IT", "FR", "CA", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "url": "practice/blessing-at-a-shrine/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "visitors who draw an omikuji and tie a bad one to a pine tree on the grounds, on the pun that the bad luck will wait by the tree rather than follow them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-o-mikuji", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "JP", "TW", "TH", "PH", "MX", "BO", "IT", "FR", "CA", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "url": "practice/blessing-at-a-shrine/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "petitioners who pin a milagro shaped like the afflicted part to a saint's image, and the pilgrims who left hundreds of crutches, canes and braces on the grilles of the Votive Chapel at Saint Joseph's Oratory in Montreal", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ex-voto", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "JP", "TW", "TH", "PH", "MX", "BO", "IT", "FR", "CA", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "url": "practice/blessing-at-a-shrine/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Japanese households, whose kanai-anzen charm and household-altar ofuda are both issued from a shrine", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "JP", "TW", "TH", "PH", "MX", "BO", "IT", "FR", "CA", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "url": "practice/blessing-at-a-shrine/", "harm": "drowning", "harm_label": "Drowning and storm at sea", "who": "the model ships among the ex-votos at Notre-Dame de la Garde in Marseille, and the Lod mosaic, thought to be an ex-voto for rescue from a shipwreck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ex-voto", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "JP", "TW", "TH", "PH", "MX", "BO", "IT", "FR", "CA", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "url": "practice/blessing-at-a-shrine/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the Catholic Church's own classification, which lists exorcisms among the three kinds of sacramental alongside blessings and consecrations", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-sacramental", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "JP", "TW", "TH", "PH", "MX", "BO", "IT", "FR", "CA", "ES" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "url": "practice/burning-retirement/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Japanese carriers, for whom burning the year's omamori is a sign of respect to the deity that helped them through it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "KR", "BT", "NP", "CN", "IE", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "url": "practice/burning-retirement/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Korean mudang, who close a gut by burning name tags, ancestors' clothes, straw shoes and imitation money to send the spirits off", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "KR", "BT", "NP", "CN", "IE", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "url": "practice/burning-retirement/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "English folk practice, in which a witch bottle thrown on the fire broke the spell when it burst", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "KR", "BT", "NP", "CN", "IE", "GB" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "url": "practice/burying/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "English and American folk practice, which treats the buried bottle as drawing in and trapping harm aimed at its owner", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-witch-bottle", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "US", "BE", "IE", "GR", "IT", "IQ", "IR", "KR", "BG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "url": "practice/burying/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the writers of Greek and Roman defixiones, who buried the lead to hand the target to the gods below", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "US", "BE", "IE", "GR", "IT", "IQ", "IR", "KR", "BG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "url": "practice/burying/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the users of Mesopotamian incantation bowls, buried face down under thresholds and in the corners of houses", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "US", "BE", "IE", "GR", "IT", "IQ", "IR", "KR", "BG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "url": "practice/burying/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Korean mudang, whose gear is burned or buried at death to cut their deities off from the family", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-korean-shamanism", "tier": "cited", "region": "britain-ireland", "countries": [ "GB", "US", "BE", "IE", "GR", "IT", "IQ", "IR", "KR", "BG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "url": "practice/buying-in-a-market/", "harm": "theft", "harm_label": "Theft", "who": "the Grand Bazaar's own arrangements: gates closed at night, guards paid by the merchants' guilds, and an imperial edict required to enter after hours — the concentration of the trade in one place was itself a security measure", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-grand-bazaar-istanbul", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "TR", "EG", "MA", "TH", "JP", "MX", "BO", "PE", "PH", "ET", "GB", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "url": "practice/buying-in-a-market/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "buyers at Alasitas in La Paz, where purchasing a miniature and giving it away is the claim on the full-sized thing within the year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-alasitas", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "TR", "EG", "MA", "TH", "JP", "MX", "BO", "PE", "PH", "ET", "GB", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "url": "practice/buying-in-a-market/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "the Japanese shrine counter, which issues shōbai-hanjō charms for success in business and treats the money paid as a donation rather than a price", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "TR", "EG", "MA", "TH", "JP", "MX", "BO", "PE", "PH", "ET", "GB", "IT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "url": "practice/consecration/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Thai amulet practice, as summarised in the cited account", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-thai-buddha-amulet", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "TH", "JP", "IN", "LK", "CN", "CD", "BJ", "HT", "IT", "VA", "NG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "url": "practice/consecration/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Kongo banganga, as described by scholars of minkisi", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "TH", "JP", "IN", "LK", "CN", "CD", "BJ", "HT", "IT", "VA", "NG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "url": "practice/consecration/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Taoist zhuyou practice, used in China alongside medicine, meditation, acupuncture and massage", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "TH", "JP", "IN", "LK", "CN", "CD", "BJ", "HT", "IT", "VA", "NG" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "url": "practice/counting-beads/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "wearers of rudraksha, which the cited account says are worn by believers for protection and for chanting mantras such as Om Namah Shivaya", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-rudraksha", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "CN", "TH", "SA", "TR", "EG", "IT", "GR", "RU", "RS", "ES", "IR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "url": "practice/counting-beads/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the Sikh simranee, 27 beads often of iron, worn on the wrist", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-prayer-beads", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IN", "NP", "CN", "TH", "SA", "TR", "EG", "IT", "GR", "RU", "RS", "ES", "IR" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "url": "practice/feeding-the-charm/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Kongo banganga, whose nkondi are loaded with substances and gunpowder aimed at the ndoki", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-nkisi", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CD", "AO", "HT", "BO", "PE", "JP", "ID", "MN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "url": "practice/feeding-the-charm/", "harm": "poverty", "harm_label": "Poverty", "who": "Bolivian owners of Ekeko figures, who clip banknotes to them and light a cigarette once a year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ekeko", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CD", "AO", "HT", "BO", "PE", "JP", "ID", "MN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "url": "practice/feeding-the-charm/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "hoodoo practitioners, who feed a mojo to keep it working", "quote": "alive with spirit", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CD", "AO", "HT", "BO", "PE", "JP", "ID", "MN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "url": "practice/feeding-the-charm/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Japanese households making daily offerings of rice, salt, water and sake at the kamidana", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "CD", "AO", "HT", "BO", "PE", "JP", "ID", "MN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "url": "practice/folding/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "carriers of omamori, who keep the packet shut so the protection is not lost", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "JP", "TH", "IT", "GB", "GR", "IN", "PK", "SN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "url": "practice/folding/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "the Greek and Roman writers of defixiones, who folded the lead before burying it", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "JP", "TH", "IT", "GB", "GR", "IN", "PK", "SN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "url": "practice/folding/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Japanese households, who keep folded shrine talismans on a kamidana facing east, south or southeast", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "JP", "TH", "IT", "GB", "GR", "IN", "PK", "SN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "url": "practice/foundation-deposit/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Egyptian builders, whose deposits were meant to keep the building from falling into ruin", "quote": "", "source": "s:web-foundation-deposit", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "LB", "IR", "GB", "US", "DE", "AU", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "url": "practice/foundation-deposit/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the users of incantation bowls buried under thresholds and in house corners", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "LB", "IR", "GB", "US", "DE", "AU", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "url": "practice/foundation-deposit/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "Brian Hoggard, reading the find spots of concealed shoes as protection against demons, ghosts and witches", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "LB", "IR", "GB", "US", "DE", "AU", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "url": "practice/foundation-deposit/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "one of the competing explanations for concealed shoes, alongside the protective one; Ralph Merrifield records Lancashire women trying on the shoes of a woman who had just given birth", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-concealed-shoes", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IQ", "LB", "IR", "GB", "US", "DE", "AU", "CA" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "url": "practice/grave-deposit/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Egyptian funerary religion, in which the heart scarab binds the heart to silence at the weighing or speaks in its place", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-heart-scarab", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IL", "PS", "CN", "IT", "GR", "NZ", "FJ", "US", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "url": "practice/grave-deposit/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead, on the red jasper tyet placed at a mummy's neck", "quote": "the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body", "source": "s:wp-tyet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IL", "PS", "CN", "IT", "GR", "NZ", "FJ", "US", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "url": "practice/grave-deposit/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Fijian practice, in which men were buried with their tabua and war clubs to help them in the afterlife", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tabua", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IL", "PS", "CN", "IT", "GR", "NZ", "FJ", "US", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "url": "practice/grave-deposit/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "Greek and Roman clients whose tablets went into graves, addressed through the person buried there", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "ancient-egypt", "countries": [ "EG", "IL", "PS", "CN", "IT", "GR", "NZ", "FJ", "US", "SD" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "url": "practice/hanging-at-door/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Jewish households; Chabad representatives ran a campaign for the systematic checking of mezuzot after attacks at Ma'alot in the 1970s, on the assumption that keeping the commandment would guarantee personal safety", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mezuzah", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "US", "JP", "IE", "GB", "IT", "DE", "TR", "IN", "PK", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "url": "practice/hanging-at-door/", "harm": "livestock", "harm_label": "Harm to livestock", "who": "Irish households, who hung Brigid's crosses in the outhouses and stables as well as the dwelling", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "US", "JP", "IE", "GB", "IT", "DE", "TR", "IN", "PK", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "url": "practice/hanging-at-door/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "European households nailing worn horseshoes above doorways, and the legend of Saint Dunstan attached to the custom", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-horseshoe", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "US", "JP", "IE", "GB", "IT", "DE", "TR", "IN", "PK", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "url": "practice/hanging-at-door/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "Japanese households placing Tsuno Daishi gofu on doorways and entrances", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-ofuda", "tier": "cited", "region": "levant", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "US", "JP", "IE", "GB", "IT", "DE", "TR", "IN", "PK", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "W" ] }, { "id": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "url": "practice/inheriting/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Javanese owners, for whom a kris carries piyandel, the property of adding self-confidence to its holder", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-kris", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "NZ", "FJ", "TO", "CN", "NP", "IT", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "url": "practice/inheriting/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "Māori practice as recorded by Robley, in which a hei-tiki was often given to a woman by her husband's family when she had trouble conceiving", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-hei-tiki", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "NZ", "FJ", "TO", "CN", "NP", "IT", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "url": "practice/inheriting/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "the account of dzi beads, whose etched eyes are described as meeting the harm with its own image", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-dzi-bead", "tier": "cited", "region": "island-sea", "countries": [ "ID", "MY", "NZ", "FJ", "TO", "CN", "NP", "IT", "AU" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "url": "practice/inscribing/", "harm": "demons", "harm_label": "Demons and night-hags", "who": "the Aramaic and Syriac incantation bowls themselves, addressed to the demons they name", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-incantation-bowl", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "IQ", "IR", "GR", "IT", "GB", "CN", "JP", "TH", "KH", "LA", "TR", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "url": "practice/inscribing/", "harm": "curse", "harm_label": "A curse already laid", "who": "Greek and Roman clients, whose tablets hand the target over to underworld gods", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-curse-tablet", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "IQ", "IR", "GR", "IT", "GB", "CN", "JP", "TH", "KH", "LA", "TR", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "url": "practice/inscribing/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Hürrem Sultan, who told Suleiman the Magnificent the inscriptions on the talismanic shirt she gave him would protect him from bullets", "quote": "its inscriptions would protect him from bullets", "source": "s:wp-talismanic-shirt", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "IQ", "IR", "GR", "IT", "GB", "CN", "JP", "TH", "KH", "LA", "TR", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "url": "practice/inscribing/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Taoist zhuyou healers, in use in China since at least the Eastern Han", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-fulu", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "IL", "PS", "IQ", "IR", "GR", "IT", "GB", "CN", "JP", "TH", "KH", "LA", "TR", "IN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "url": "practice/knotting/", "harm": "evil-eye", "harm_label": "The evil eye", "who": "wearers of the scarlet wrist thread, a Jewish folk custom with no basis in Torah, halakha or kabbalistic law", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-red-string-kabbalah", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "EG", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL", "IL", "JP", "IE", "IN", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "url": "practice/knotting/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Bulgarian and Macedonian custom, in which the red and white threads stand for a wish for good health", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "EG", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL", "IL", "JP", "IE", "IN", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "url": "practice/knotting/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Japanese women who stitched senninbari for soldiers; some soldiers rejected the claim and wore the belt as a keepsake instead", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "EG", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL", "IL", "JP", "IE", "IN", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "url": "practice/knotting/", "harm": "the-dead", "harm_label": "Danger to the dead", "who": "Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead, which calls for a red jasper tyet at the mummy's neck", "quote": "the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body", "source": "s:wp-tyet", "tier": "cited", "region": "world", "countries": [ "EG", "BG", "MK", "RO", "MD", "GR", "AL", "IL", "JP", "IE", "IN", "CN" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "url": "practice/renewing-yearly/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the omamori custom, in which amulets are replaced once a year to ward off the previous year's bad luck", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-omamori", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "BG", "MK", "RO", "ID", "IE", "IL", "BT", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "url": "practice/renewing-yearly/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Bulgarian and Macedonian wearers, for whom the red and white threads carry a wish for health and are then given to a fruit tree", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-martenitsa", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "BG", "MK", "RO", "ID", "IE", "IL", "BT", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "url": "practice/renewing-yearly/", "harm": "house", "harm_label": "Harm to a house or a field", "who": "Irish households, who hung a new Brigid's cross in the rafters on 1 February for the saint's blessing over the year", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-brigid-s-cross", "tier": "cited", "region": "japan", "countries": [ "JP", "BG", "MK", "RO", "ID", "IE", "IL", "BT", "NP" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "url": "practice/sewing-in/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "hoodoo practitioners, for whom the sewn bag houses a spirit that does protective and healing work", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "TR", "IN", "PK", "HT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "url": "practice/sewing-in/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Japanese women who stitched senninbari for soldiers going to war", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-senninbari", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "TR", "IN", "PK", "HT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "url": "practice/sewing-in/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "wearers of gris-gris across West Africa and the Caribbean", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "TR", "IN", "PK", "HT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "url": "practice/sewing-in/", "harm": "infertility", "harm_label": "Infertility", "who": "women in Senegal, where a 1982 survey placed gris-gris among the three best-known traditional methods of contraception", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-gris-gris-talisman", "tier": "cited", "region": "west-africa", "countries": [ "SN", "ML", "US", "JP", "TR", "IN", "PK", "HT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "url": "practice/tattooing/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "bearers in dangerous trades — military personnel, police, taxi drivers and others — as summarised in the cited account", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "PH", "ID", "EG", "BA", "ET", "PE", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "url": "practice/tattooing/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "the tradition's own account of the three effects: benefit to the bearer, protection, and effect on the people around them", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "PH", "ID", "EG", "BA", "ET", "PE", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "url": "practice/tattooing/", "harm": "spirits", "harm_label": "Ghosts and hungry spirits", "who": "Austronesian societies, where tattoos were regarded as wards against evil spirits and illness", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tattoo", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "PH", "ID", "EG", "BA", "ET", "PE", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "url": "practice/tattooing/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "the Chimu of coastal Peru, who wore tattoos for magic and medical purposes", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-tattoo", "tier": "cited", "region": "mainland-sea", "countries": [ "TH", "KH", "LA", "MM", "PH", "ID", "EG", "BA", "ET", "PE", "NZ" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "url": "practice/washing-off-ink/", "harm": "illness", "harm_label": "Illness", "who": "Islamic healing practice as summarised in the cited account, which records treating a stomach ache by drinking water over which Quranic passages have been recited", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "SN", "NG", "ET", "PH", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "url": "practice/washing-off-ink/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "the same body of practice, which prescribes drinking and bathing in water over which an incantation has been recited for the condition it calls sihr al-nazif", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-islam-and-magic", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "SN", "NG", "ET", "PH", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "url": "practice/washing-off-ink/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Filipino agimat practice, in which an amulet may be consumable — enchanted mud, or a mutya that is ingested", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-agimat", "tier": "cited", "region": "arabia-gulf", "countries": [ "SA", "EG", "SN", "NG", "ET", "PH", "IN", "PK" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "url": "practice/wearing-hidden/", "harm": "witchcraft", "harm_label": "Another person's sorcery", "who": "hoodoo practitioners, who hold that a mojo made for one person has to stay concealed on that person", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-mojo-bag", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "TH", "IT", "VA", "JP", "AU", "HT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "url": "practice/wearing-hidden/", "harm": "bad-luck", "harm_label": "Bad luck, unspecified", "who": "Catholic wearers of the devotional scapular, worn under the clothes as a pledge and a reminder", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-scapular", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "TH", "IT", "VA", "JP", "AU", "HT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] }, { "id": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "url": "practice/wearing-hidden/", "harm": "weapons", "harm_label": "Blades and bullets", "who": "Thai wearers of takrut, worn at the chest or the waist to protect specific parts of the body", "quote": "", "source": "s:wp-takrut", "tier": "cited", "region": "north-america", "countries": [ "US", "TH", "IT", "VA", "JP", "AU", "HT" ], "hemispheres": [ "E", "N", "S", "W" ] } ] }