{ "built": "2026-09-18", "edges": [ { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the category, and the object the Catholic Encyclopedia treats as its oldest member", "rel": "tradition", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "miraculous-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "Miraculous Medal", "as": "the struck descendant — the practice of blessing a medal and attaching an indulgence to it is traced back to this wax", "rel": "descendant", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the other neck-worn Roman sacramental, in metal and in quantity", "rel": "kin", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "brown-scapular", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brown Scapular", "as": "the cloth sacramental worn on the same chest, with a promise attached instead of a papal blessing", "rel": "kin", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "ladanka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ladanka", "as": "the Orthodox pouch that does the same job — a blessed thing worn at the neck, with the same argument attached about what it is", "rel": "parallel", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign the lamb carries", "rel": "motif", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the act that makes it — a papal blessing on a seven-year cycle, which is the scarcest consecration schedule in this atlas", "rel": "practice", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read where the Church's word sacramental meets the reader's word amulet, on an object credited with stopping floods", "rel": "story", "from": "agnus-dei" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the wider practice it sits inside, though its makers are Akan carvers rather than marabouts or diviners", "rel": "tradition", "from": "akuaba-figure" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the other African wooden figure in this atlas, and a useful contrast: this one is carried and washed, that one is charged and nailed", "rel": "contrast", "from": "akuaba-figure" }, { "to": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "as": "the Nile's charm for the same wish, four thousand years earlier and made as a hippopotamus", "rel": "parallel", "from": "akuaba-figure" }, { "to": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "as": "the sign behind the material — a figure cut from a living thing and then washed and kept like one", "rel": "motif", "from": "akuaba-figure" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read it belongs to — a charm carried before the child exists", "rel": "story", "from": "akuaba-figure" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on souvenir against heirloom, which the tradition's own account of akua'ba states plainly", "rel": "story", "from": "akuaba-figure" }, { "to": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "as": "the sign it may share an origin with — Schäfer and Fischer read both as knots of cloth, and early ankhs show the lower bar as two loose ends", "rel": "kin", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "djed-pillar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Djed pillar", "as": "the third of the run 'life, dominion and stability'; the composite amulet joining them was commoner than the ankh alone", "rel": "kin", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "made in the same workshops and strung on the same cords, and far more often — the eye is what Egypt actually wore", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the sign's Christian afterlife in Egypt: the crux ansata is an ankh with a round loop, and the cross Copts carry is the same faith in a different mark", "rel": "descendant", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign it is most often mistaken for, and the sign it fed", "rel": "motif", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "as": "the family most Egyptologists put its origin in", "rel": "motif", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the material that made it cheap, and whose blue-green the source ties to life and regeneration", "rel": "material", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that cut it and the one that mostly preferred other shapes", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this sign lands in — worn now by Kemetists, by goths and by people with no line to Egypt at all", "rel": "story", "from": "ankh-amulet" }, { "to": "quiapo-church", "type": "place", "name": "Quiapo Church", "as": "the Manila church whose courtyard and surrounding market are where these are bought", "rel": "place", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "jimat", "type": "amulet", "name": "Jimat", "as": "the Malay and Indonesian class the word comes from — Javanese anting-anting, the ear-hung ornament", "rel": "origin", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "as": "the other charm of the islands carried into a fight, and still forged in the Muslim-inhabited south of the Philippines", "rel": "kin", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the Catholic medal this most resembles on a tray, and does not behave like: an anting-anting takes its charge from an orasyon read on Good Friday", "rel": "contrast", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "Sakay's vest belongs with these — a written garment worn against shot", "rel": "parallel", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the nearest tradition in this atlas: church forms taken up and worked by people outside the clergy, in another Spanish colony", "rel": "parallel", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign on most of them — Latin words and holy names carried as the working part", "rel": "motif", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "how one is got: from a stall in a churchyard, with the book of incantations thrown in", "rel": "practice", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "as": "the nearest practice in this atlas to swallowing a mutya — a charm taken into the body rather than hung on it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "anting-anting" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the gesture this fist is a frozen copy of, and the reason it is also called a higa", "rel": "motif", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "as": "the material the amulet is named after — azabache is simply the Spanish for it", "rel": "material", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the sign, filed in this atlas with the eye and the horn as things that catch a glance", "rel": "motif", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "the other charm put on a Latin American newborn against mal de ojo, in seed rather than stone", "rel": "kin", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the Neapolitan answer: red coral instead of black jet, a horn instead of a fist", "rel": "parallel", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the red bead on the end of the chain, which runs with black stone right across the Mediterranean", "rel": "kin", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this belongs in — it goes on within days of birth", "rel": "story", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the tradition that carried it from Asturias to San Juan", "rel": "tradition", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the same harm answered with glass and an eye instead of jet and a hand", "rel": "parallel", "from": "azabache" }, { "to": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "as": "the sign family it belongs to: a surface that sends a thing back where it came from", "rel": "motif", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "toli-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Toli", "as": "the steppe cousin — a metal mirror worn on a shaman's body as armour, where this one is bolted to a building", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition behind the Taoist mirror techniques it is said to descend from", "rel": "tradition", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the pocket-sized carrier of the same eight trigrams, cast in bronze", "rel": "kin", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the written remedy at the same doorway, where this is the optical one", "rel": "kin", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice: a charm fixed to a building, aimed outward, guarding a threshold and not a body", "rel": "practice", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "hex-sign", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hex sign", "as": "Pennsylvania's painted answer on the same part of a building, argued over in the same way", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the other thing hung facing out over a door, which answers a look rather than a corner", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the portable Taiwanese charm for the same household, renewed yearly while this stays up", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bagua-mirror" }, { "to": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "as": "the goddess he stands beside at a birth; the two are the working pair of Egyptian domestic protection", "rel": "kin", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that made him, and the part of it that stayed in the house instead of going into the tomb", "rel": "tradition", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "as": "the sign in his face; James Romano read his earliest form as a lion rearing on its hind legs", "rel": "motif", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the other thing he is drawn with, and the same interception logic Rome put in the fascinum", "rel": "motif", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "as": "the practice that put him on the thighs of New Kingdom dancers and musicians", "rel": "practice", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where his statue stood — the source says he was put up as a protector because he drove harm off", "rel": "practice", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read he belongs to: a god whose day job was watching somebody else's baby", "rel": "story", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "Mesopotamia's grimacing household figure, hung for the same reason and looking just as unpleasant on purpose", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the material that put his face on a baby's feeding bottle", "rel": "material", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the Greek face-on-the-object, staring out the same way for the same reason", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bes-amulet" }, { "to": "corn-dolly", "type": "amulet", "name": "Corn dolly", "as": "the other straw weave of these islands: the same hands, the other end of the year, and the harvest knots of County Armagh use the same lozenge", "rel": "kin", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign it is named for, made in the one material a cross is almost never made in", "rel": "motif", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "the National Museum of Ireland's own name for one of its seven classes, and a reason this object needs the long read", "rel": "motif", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the making: rushes gathered on the eve, woven by the household after the meal, left out overnight", "rel": "practice", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the rhythm — one a year on 1 February, or a rafter's worth accumulating over decades", "rel": "practice", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where it goes: the rafters, the entryway, the outhouse and the stable", "rel": "practice", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "one of the two disposals the custom allows; burial is the preferred one, for a saint associated with agriculture", "rel": "practice", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it sits inside, and the clearest case of a Christian saint's day carrying an older calendar date", "rel": "tradition", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "what it is not, formally: no priest blesses it, no indulgence attaches, and the blessing is asked of the saint overnight", "rel": "contrast", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "the other cross of two crossed things bound at the centre, made for the same rafters against a differently named harm", "rel": "parallel", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "the-swastika-problem", "type": "story", "name": "The swastika problem", "as": "the long read the museum's own class name requires", "rel": "story", "from": "brigids-cross" }, { "to": "miraculous-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "Miraculous Medal", "as": "the medal a 1911 ruling by Pius X allowed to be worn in place of this, and the one on the next shelf", "rel": "kin", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the metal version of the same argument — a promise struck into an object that its own church spends its time qualifying", "rel": "kin", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the category it belongs to, and the word the Carmelites use when they say what it is not", "rel": "tradition", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "as": "the other Roman sacramental worn on the body, and the older one", "rel": "kin", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "the other cloth worn against the body with a promise sewn into it, and the other one whose makers were a thousand women", "rel": "parallel", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the practice this object is built for — it goes under the shirt and is meant not to show", "rel": "practice", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "as": "the material, and the reason it wears out and gets replaced instead of inherited", "rel": "material", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the rosary it is paired with — \"The Rosary and the Scapular are inseparable\", Sister Lúcia said she was told at Fátima", "rel": "practice", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read this is the sharpest case in: the Carmelites use the word charm to say what the scapular must not become", "rel": "story", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the older habit of stitching protection into clothing, which the scapular formalised and shrank", "rel": "practice", "from": "brown-scapular" }, { "to": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "as": "the tradition that makes it, and the six centuries of state pressure it survived", "rel": "tradition", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the Chinese Daoist ancestor — the same illegible-on-purpose script, one border north", "rel": "origin", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese sibling out of the same fulu stock, printed with a shrine seal where this is drawn by hand", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "Japan's pouch charm, which this matches move for move: a paper inside a small brocade bag, carried and not opened", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the craft the script comes from, where the unreadability is the point", "rel": "origin", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "dolhareubang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dol hareubang", "as": "the other Korean guard in this atlas — that one stone and fixed at a gate, this one paper and pasted on an inside wall", "rel": "kin", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "insadong", "type": "place", "name": "Insa-dong", "as": "the Seoul district where paper talismans reach a buyer through the antique and craft trade rather than through a rite", "rel": "place", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the act that makes it: Hanja pushed out of legibility into a figure", "rel": "practice", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the half of its use that never leaves the house, pasted to an interior wall after a gut", "rel": "practice", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the body that listed the Jeju Yŏngdŭng gut in 2009, one of the rites these talismans are handed out at the end of", "rel": "org", "from": "bujeok" }, { "to": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "as": "the girls' counterpart, worn until the eve of the wedding instead of until the toga virilis", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bulla" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "what was usually inside it — this record is the box, that one is the charm", "rel": "part", "from": "bulla" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition, and its clearest case of an amulet that marks legal status as much as it guards", "rel": "tradition", "from": "bulla" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the practice this object is built around: the working part is shut in a case and never seen", "rel": "practice", "from": "bulla" }, { "to": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "as": "the material at the top of the range; lead, leather and cloth did the same job for families who could not buy gold", "rel": "material", "from": "bulla" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read; a Roman boy got his on day nine and gave it up at manhood", "rel": "story", "from": "bulla" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the same idea in Spanish and Latin American hands — a charm put on an infant at once, against the same look", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bulla" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the same saint worn at the neck rather than fixed to a car — this record is what happens when the medal gets a dashboard", "rel": "kin", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the Japanese object doing the same job from the same mirror: kōtsū-anzen, sold for traffic safety", "rel": "parallel", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the Church's category a blessed medal falls into, and the framework the object outlived a calendar decision inside", "rel": "tradition", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "miraculous-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "Miraculous Medal", "as": "the other stamped medal on the same shop counter, for a different promise", "rel": "kin", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "what hangs from the other side of the same Mexican rear-view mirror", "rel": "parallel", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the Pacific object most often worn against danger on a crossing", "rel": "parallel", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the tradition that fills the most dashboards with this image", "rel": "tradition", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "the-charm-goes-digital", "type": "story", "name": "The charm goes digital", "as": "the long read about where a travel charm went next, once the journey had a screen in it", "rel": "story", "from": "car-saint" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the other charm a European traveller carried against drowning, and the one you could buy rather than be born with", "rel": "parallel", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the charm carried for safe passage over water at the other end of the world", "rel": "parallel", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "the practice that kept these — a caul is handed down, or sold, never made", "rel": "practice", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "as": "what it is, and the reason so few survive", "rel": "material", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "what it is pressed onto and what a museum actually holds", "rel": "material", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the trade this object had: advertised in newspapers, raffled, sold to sailors for large sums", "rel": "practice", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it belongs to, and its one charm nobody can choose to acquire", "rel": "tradition", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read it complicates: this charm comes off a child and is then carried by adults", "rel": "story", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the word the sources reach for here, alongside talisman, for an object that is a body part and an omen at once", "rel": "term", "from": "caul" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the Chinese coin-shaped charm that was never currency either, and the other object in this atlas that borrows a coin's authority without being one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "as": "the sign a coin carries, and the reason a disc reads as worth something before anybody looks at the device", "rel": "motif", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "the other soldiers' object here — that one was made by a thousand strangers' hands, this one is issued by a commander", "rel": "contrast", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "as": "the coin that gets carried for luck rather than for identification, and Gmelch's list of fetishes starts with coins", "rel": "parallel", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the struck disc carried in the same pocket by the same soldier, for a different reason entirely", "rel": "contrast", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "what happens to a coin issued for a death, a fallen officer or a grave", "rel": "practice", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "mascot-word", "type": "term", "name": "mascot", "as": "the word for a thing that stands for a group, which is what this coin is before it is anything else", "rel": "term", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read this complicates: an object carried at all times, struck for a group, that claims to protect nobody", "rel": "story", "from": "challenge-coin" }, { "to": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "as": "the sign it is: a round disc with a square hole, the shape money had for two thousand years and the shape a charm borrowed", "rel": "motif", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the writing cast into the Taoist ones — fulu open and close their inscriptions", "rel": "carries", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition behind the Taoist and Buddhist classes of them", "rel": "tradition", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the other object that puts the eight trigrams to work, on a wall rather than in a pocket", "rel": "kin", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "challenge-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Challenge coin", "as": "the modern descendant of a coin that is not money: carried, shown, and valued for who issued it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice behind the burial classes, and the reason the \"Laid to Rest\" charms are documented at all", "rel": "practice", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the paper peace charm that carries the same two characters, ping'an, at a fraction of the weight", "rel": "kin", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "as": "one of the costlier materials the same charms were cut from", "rel": "material", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read this class is the best evidence for: reign titles, inscriptions and 5,000 catalogued types make these the datable end of the whole atlas", "rel": "story", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "as": "what the burial money started as, before replica coins replaced shells to deter grave robbers", "rel": "origin", "from": "charm-coin" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the other Italian answer to the same eye, and the one that says it with a single shape instead of a dozen", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm this charm is aimed at, stated in its own language as mal'occhio", "rel": "motif", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "one of the charms on its branches — a hand holding a wand or a sword — and a sign that stands alone elsewhere in this atlas", "rel": "motif", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "the snake on one branch; the cimaruta is the rare amulet that stacks signs rather than choosing one", "rel": "motif", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "as": "the moon on another branch, doing in miniature what a lunula does on its own cord", "rel": "motif", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "key", "type": "motif", "name": "The key", "as": "another of the terminal charms, and one that carries its own meanings across Europe", "rel": "motif", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal it is nearly always cast in, and the metal Naples associates with the moon", "rel": "material", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "what it is a portrait of: rue, a medicinal plant, reproduced in metal so it never wilts", "rel": "material", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "as": "the older Italian charm hung on a child, and the one this atlas dates properly", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "san-gregorio-armeno", "type": "place", "name": "Via San Gregorio Armeno", "as": "the Naples street where charms of this kind are still cast and sold", "rel": "place", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian who travelled Italy and Spain collecting charms against the eye and published on them in 1895", "rel": "person", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read the Stregheria argument belongs in: who a folk object belongs to once a revival claims it", "rel": "story", "from": "cimaruta" }, { "to": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "as": "the practice this object is built for — the spell leaves the stone in the water and is swallowed", "rel": "practice", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "as": "a later charm on the same principle, further up the Nile: words that have to be got off the page and into the patient", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "Mesopotamia's written-spell vessel — the same trick of putting the words on the container", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the eye of the same god, worn small; this is the god himself as a child, carved large and rinsed", "rel": "kin", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that cut it, at the end of its long life and at its most textual", "rel": "tradition", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "the sign in his fists, and the harm the stone is aimed at", "rel": "motif", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the step that does the work — without the cut spells the water is water", "rel": "practice", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "met-egyptian-galleries", "type": "place", "name": "The Egyptian galleries, the Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "where the Metternich Stela stands, two thousand years after somebody walled it up", "rel": "held-at", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read it lands in: a pasha's gift to a prince, a castle in Bohemia, and a New York accession in 1950", "rel": "story", "from": "cippus-of-horus" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the other object out of the same chimney, and the one with a written recipe where this one has none", "rel": "kin", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "the-charm-in-the-wall", "type": "story", "name": "The charm in the wall", "as": "the long read this record is the backbone of: 1,900 indexed finds and nobody's word for why", "rel": "story", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the practice thirteen of Swann's shoes belong to, and the one that raised the question of a substitute body", "rel": "practice", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the act itself — the charm's whole method is putting it somewhere it will not be found", "rel": "practice", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the same instinct at the scale of a person; here the building wears the charm under its own floor", "rel": "practice", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the count that supports the long read: about half the indexed shoes belonged to children", "rel": "story", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it belongs to, and its most thoroughly counted object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "the charm hung where visitors could see it, against the one built in where nobody could", "rel": "contrast", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "the same household's charm on the outside of the door, renewed yearly, while this one stayed in the chimney for six centuries", "rel": "contrast", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read about how any of these objects get a date; the shoes get theirs from the building's carpentry", "rel": "story", "from": "concealed-shoe" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign, in its Coptic form: four equal arms, three points on each, twelve points for the Apostles", "rel": "motif", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "the sign this one replaced and absorbed — the crux ansata is an ankh kept by Egyptian Christians", "rel": "origin", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "as": "the practice, and the reason this charm cannot be taken off, sold or inherited", "rel": "practice", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "as": "the other African Christian protective object in this atlas, made by a cleric rather than a tattooist and read aloud rather than shown", "rel": "kin", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the other living tattooed charm here — Thailand's, applied by a monk or an ajarn with rules attached; this one comes with none the sources name", "rel": "parallel", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "as": "the material, which is also the wearer", "rel": "material", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the Christian charm you can take off, which is the whole difference", "rel": "contrast", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "the Cairo market a visitor is likelier to meet Coptic crosses in, sold as silver rather than worn under the skin", "rel": "place", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this mark belongs to — the tattooists call it resistance and solidarity, which is a statement about who may wear it", "rel": "story", "from": "coptic-cross-tattoo" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "the other straw weave of these islands, and the one made on a fixed feast day rather than at the end of a harvest — the National Museum of Ireland files harvest crosses with it", "rel": "kin", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the making itself: the countryman's favour is three straws plaited and tied into a loose knot shaped like a heart", "rel": "practice", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the rhythm it runs on — one made each harvest, last year's gone into the furrow", "rel": "practice", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "how it is retired: ploughed into the first furrow of the new season, which is the only disposal the tradition names", "rel": "practice", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it belongs to, and its clearest case of an object made from the thing it is meant to protect", "rel": "tradition", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "a shape it is plaited into — the Suffolk Horseshoe is a corn dolly, not a piece of iron", "rel": "parallel", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "where a tray of them can be seen, alongside the rowan loops and the holed stones", "rel": "place", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read the 1950s revival belongs in: new folklore attached to an old craft, and the source saying so outright", "rel": "story", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read about evidence, which this object tests — straw rots, so almost everything known about it comes from what people said, not from what survived", "rel": "story", "from": "corn-dolly" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the sign itself, and the reason this atlas files a phallic charm, a gesture and a goat's horn in one family", "rel": "motif", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm it answers; southern Italy substitutes a horn where the eastern Mediterranean draws an eye", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "the old material, red, sacred to Venus in the tradition's own account, and the one a Naples workshop still cuts", "rel": "material", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "the Roman ancestor in the same peninsula: a different body part, the same interception", "rel": "origin", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "the other Italian charm against malocchio, which puts a dozen signs on one branch where this one puts one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the gesture-amulet family the mano cornuta belongs to — a hand frozen mid-sign against the same eye", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "what the shape and the red colour point to in the tradition's own telling, through Priapus", "rel": "motif", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "san-gregorio-armeno", "type": "place", "name": "Via San Gregorio Armeno", "as": "the Naples street where these are cast, carved and sold by the tray", "rel": "place", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "as": "where it hangs now: from the rear-view mirror, beside or instead of a saint", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the object it competes with across the Mediterranean, answering the same harm with the opposite strategy", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian who collected charms of this kind in Italy and published The Evil Eye in 1895", "rel": "person", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read that runs the horn and the eye together and asks which one came first", "rel": "story", "from": "cornicello" }, { "to": "cowrie", "type": "material", "name": "Cowrie", "as": "the material this object is — and the only material in the atlas that was legal tender for tax in living memory", "rel": "material", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the tradition that casts them for divination, in Ifá and in the customs of Dahomey", "rel": "tradition", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign one modern ethnographic author reads in the shell's slit underside — an attribution the source makes and this atlas repeats as an attribution", "rel": "motif", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the other object here that is money and charm at once, cast in bronze rather than grown in the sea", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the Egyptian seal-amulet whose cowrie-shaped cousin, the cowroid, copies this shell in stone and faience from the early second millennium BCE", "rel": "kin", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice that put them around the skulls of girls in predynastic Egypt and the Neolithic Levant", "rel": "practice", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the practice of handling a set number, which here becomes a throw and a reading", "rel": "practice", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "akodessewa-market", "type": "place", "name": "Akodessawa fetish market", "as": "a West African market where shells and charm materials are traded by the sack", "rel": "place", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "another shell-and-sea charm worn at the neck, on the far side of the Pacific", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this shell complicates: 30 billion of them reached the Bight of Benin as trade goods in the era of Atlantic slavery", "rel": "story", "from": "cowrie-strand" }, { "to": "worry-stone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Worry stone", "as": "the same stones and the same trade, cut for the thumb instead of the throat — that record sends its sourcing question here", "rel": "kin", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "as": "one of the stones cut for it, and one with a much older amulet history of its own", "rel": "material", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "amber", "type": "material", "name": "Amber", "as": "another, and the one whose protective claims predate the crystal trade by millennia", "rel": "material", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "as": "the stone this trade's logic was already applied to in China and Mesoamerica, long before anybody said aura", "rel": "parallel", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "navaratna-ring", "type": "amulet", "name": "Navaratna ring", "as": "the older system that also assigns stones to conditions, with nine of them and a planetary scheme behind it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the other mass-produced charm in this atlas whose hand-made and factory versions are argued over", "rel": "parallel", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read where a supply chain and a spiritual claim end up in the same paragraph", "rel": "story", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the act that makes it yours, and the point at which the 0.1 per cent gets decided", "rel": "practice", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read about what a charm costs and who gets the money", "rel": "story", "from": "crystal-pendant" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the same names and the same nonsense-words, cut in stone to protect a wearer instead of scratched in lead to harm a stranger — this record is that one inverted", "rel": "contrast", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition, seen from the side it does not advertise", "rel": "tradition", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "christopher-faraone", "type": "person", "name": "Christopher A. Faraone", "as": "the scholar who split these spells into passion-inducing and affection-encouraging, and found men and women using different halves", "rel": "person", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "as": "the metal that made them: soft enough to scratch, cheap enough to throw away, stable enough to survive a well", "rel": "material", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "as": "the neighbouring habit — palindromes and boustrophedon used on these tablets to give the writing its own mystique", "rel": "motif", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the European object that answers one of these: a counter-charm buried against a named person's harm", "rel": "parallel", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the practice the whole genre depends on; the tablet works by going into the ground", "rel": "practice", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the later eastern object that buries writing under a house for the opposite purpose", "rel": "contrast", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read about the words; this record is why the atlas needs more than one of them", "rel": "story", "from": "curse-tablet" }, { "to": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "as": "the other figure sold off the same tray, and the opposite deal: this one has a year and a fire waiting at the end of it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition it sits at the centre of, with its own annual market at Takasaki", "rel": "tradition", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the pocket charm from the same economy, working on the same twelve-month clock", "rel": "kin", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the rule that gave the doll its shape: the founder's charms expired in a year, so the parishioners came back", "rel": "practice", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "the ending: daruma kuyō, tens of thousands burnt together after New Year", "rel": "practice", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "teru-teru-bozu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Teru teru bōzu", "as": "the other Japanese figure made to be discharged — one is burnt at the temple, the other floated down a river", "rel": "parallel", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "another figure a household buys and asks a year's worth of gain from", "rel": "parallel", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the genre the blank eye feeds: a goal, a deadline, and a physical thing that watches you", "rel": "kin", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "mascot-word", "type": "term", "name": "mascot", "as": "what Takasaki turned it into, and the route from a temple charm to a civic emblem", "rel": "term", "from": "daruma" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "the sign it is run together with — 'life, dominion and stability' — and the composite of the three was worn more than either alone", "rel": "kin", "from": "djed-pillar" }, { "to": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "as": "the sign it is regularly paired with in writing; Egyptologists read the two together as the duality of life", "rel": "kin", "from": "djed-pillar" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "the other amulet the wrappings required at the chest, aimed at a different organ and a different threat", "rel": "kin", "from": "djed-pillar" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that placed it, by the rules of a funeral", "rel": "tradition", "from": "djed-pillar" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice this amulet exists inside", "rel": "practice", "from": "djed-pillar" }, { "to": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "as": "the material the Book of the Dead's spell specifies for it", "rel": "material", "from": "djed-pillar" }, { "to": "the-charm-in-the-wall", "type": "story", "name": "The charm in the wall", "as": "the long read on charms built into structures — and the raised djed is the largest one Egypt built", "rel": "story", "from": "djed-pillar" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the other Korean guard in this atlas — paper, portable, and drawn by a mudang, where this is basalt and does not move", "rel": "kin", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "as": "the Korean tradition of guarding a threshold that this stands at the monumental end of", "rel": "tradition", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice at its heaviest: a doorway guard weighing more than the door", "rel": "practice", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the sign read into the round hat, which is what ties the statue to the fertility use of its nose", "rel": "motif", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "as": "the steppe figure a spirit is seated in — the nearest thing in this atlas to a guardian carved to be inhabited", "rel": "parallel", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "another carved ancestor-figure that became a national emblem and then a souvenir, and carries the same argument with it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this belongs in: 47 or 48 originals, an island's worth of replicas, and three of them given away as state gifts", "rel": "story", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "insadong", "type": "place", "name": "Insa-dong", "as": "Seoul's antique and craft district, where the replica trade meets the buyer far from Jeju", "rel": "place", "from": "dolhareubang" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this record is the test case for — who may make a thing, and what changes when somebody else does", "rel": "story", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the Pacific parallel: an Indigenous form mass-produced abroad, and objected to by name on the same grounds", "rel": "parallel", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "tupilaq", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tupilaq", "as": "the Arctic parallel — an object that acquired a second life as a thing carved for visitors", "rel": "parallel", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "another taonga sold in plastic beside the original, and another argument this atlas reports rather than settles", "rel": "parallel", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read about what a label is worth, which the Indian Arts and Crafts Act is one answer to", "rel": "story", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "nagpra", "type": "org", "name": "The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act", "as": "the other United States statute in this atlas about Native material and who holds it", "rel": "org", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the material that does the catching — nettle fibre, then sinew, then nylon", "rel": "material", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this belongs in — the earliest published account is a charm for an infant on a cradleboard", "rel": "story", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "as": "the sign: a net, which holds what touches it", "rel": "motif", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read explaining why this record carries a restriction and no method", "rel": "story", "from": "dreamcatcher" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign counted on its surface — an eye here is a circle, and the number of them sets the price", "rel": "motif", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "what hangs on the same cord: the box holds the written amulet, the bead hangs beside it", "rel": "kin", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition that receives it, blesses new ones, and hands old ones down", "rel": "tradition", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "what a dzi is flanked with on a Tibetan necklace — and, like the bead, something that reached Tibet from somewhere else", "rel": "material", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "as": "the third stone on the same string, and the one Tibet could supply itself", "rel": "material", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the stone of the chung dzi, the ordinary etched beads counted as a lesser kind of the same thing", "rel": "material", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the other eye-bead with a market in the millions — glass instead of agate, and priced by the tray instead of by the eye", "rel": "parallel", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read this bead belongs in: imitations run from 19th-century German cutting to two-dollar machine beads, and the tells are the whole trade", "rel": "story", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "barkhor-lhasa", "type": "place", "name": "The Barkhor", "as": "the Lhasa circuit where beads change hands", "rel": "place", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "kathmandu-thamel", "type": "place", "name": "Thamel", "as": "the other Himalayan street they are sold on, mostly to visitors", "rel": "place", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "the South Asian bead graded the same way — by counting the marks on it — and costing a fraction as much", "rel": "parallel", "from": "dzi-bead" }, { "to": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "as": "the tradition this figure is the public face of — a miniature is a claim on the full-size thing", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "illa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Illa", "as": "the older Andean miniature, kept by herders for their animals rather than by households for their money", "rel": "kin", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz", "type": "place", "name": "El Mercado de las Brujas", "as": "the La Paz market where he is sold year-round, not only in January", "rel": "place", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "as": "the other figure in this atlas that sits at a till and is expected to pull custom in", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "the practice this record turns on: banknotes clipped on, grain offered, a cigarette lit once a year", "rel": "practice", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "what happens to the miniatures at midday on 24 January, at the cathedral in La Paz", "rel": "practice", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "how one is got — and at Alasitas, buying is the rite", "rel": "practice", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the body Bolivia nominated Alasitas to in March 2011", "rel": "org", "from": "ekeko" }, { "to": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "as": "the tradition that makes it — the dabtara's writing, and the church it sits beside without being ordained into", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the other African Christian mark in this atlas, worn by neighbours up the same river and carried on skin rather than on hide", "rel": "kin", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "cippus-of-horus", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cippus of Horus", "as": "the older Nile answer to the same problem — words that must be got off a surface and into a patient", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "the material, and the animal that stood in for the patron before it became one", "rel": "material", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign painted on it in geometric pairs, rimmed in red, against the harm that arrives by looking", "rel": "motif", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the other sign it carries, and the church whose language it is written in", "rel": "motif", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "what is written on it: prayers, saints, the Trinity, and the mystical names", "rel": "motif", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "another garment-shaped text amulet, cut to a body and covered in writing", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "merkato-addis", "type": "place", "name": "Merkato", "as": "the market in Addis Ababa where scrolls and church goods are traded", "rel": "place", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read behind the restriction on this page — the scroll's text is not printed here", "rel": "story", "from": "ethiopian-magic-scroll" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead itself, which this record is the wrist-sized retail packaging of", "rel": "whole", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign, and the reason a factory bead and a hand-blown one make the same claim", "rel": "motif", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the material that made the sign cheap enough to sell by the tray, three thousand years ago and again now", "rel": "material", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the other thing tied to a wrist against the same harm, with no image on it at all", "rel": "parallel", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the hand that usually carries this eye in its palm, sold from the same stands", "rel": "kin", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "another mass-produced charm this atlas describes in the same terms as a hand-cut one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "the-charm-goes-digital", "type": "story", "name": "The charm goes digital", "as": "the long read this belongs in: the sign is now a Unicode character as well as a bead", "rel": "story", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "one place a reader can stand and see the whole price range on one street", "rel": "place", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read that follows this sign across four continents", "rel": "story", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "Mexico's answer to the same harm, and it breaks for the same stated reason", "rel": "parallel", "from": "evil-eye-bracelet" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the object itself — this record is the one variety of it that has grown a supermarket aisle of its own", "rel": "whole", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the shrine's paper talisman, sold from the same counter and kept at home rather than carried", "rel": "kin", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the other thing bought at the same window on the same visit, and the one that answers back", "rel": "kin", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "the other Japanese object bought against a goal — one eye filled in when the vow is made, the other when it comes off", "rel": "parallel", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean written talisman, made by a specialist where the exam gift is made by a confectioner", "rel": "kin", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "phone-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phone charm", "as": "where a student's omamori actually hangs — the cited account says they are often spotted on cellphone straps", "rel": "kin", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "as": "the same object with a scoreboard instead of an answer sheet, and the same argument about what carrying it does", "rel": "parallel", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "what happens to the omamori and the ema afterwards — returned and burnt, not binned", "rel": "practice", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "one shrine where the charm counter is a shop floor and the scale of the trade is visible from the queue", "rel": "place", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "insadong", "type": "place", "name": "Insa-dong", "as": "the Seoul quarter where the Korean end of this shelf is sold", "rel": "place", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "the-charm-goes-digital", "type": "story", "name": "The charm goes digital", "as": "the long read this belongs in: the charm that is also a chocolate bar, a postcard and a marketing award", "rel": "story", "from": "exam-charm" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the sign this object is, in its plainest form", "rel": "motif", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the second sign bolted onto it in the soldiers' type — a clenched hand making the fig", "rel": "motif", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the thing it is aimed at, and on the Leptis Magna and Hadrian's Wall reliefs, literally", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "the locket a Roman boy wore, with one of these usually inside it", "rel": "whole", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "as": "the girls' equivalent — a crescent instead of a phallus, and the same nine-days-to-adulthood logic", "rel": "parallel", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "southern Italy's living descendant: the same interception, reshaped as a horn in red coral", "rel": "descendant", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the Greek answer to the same problem — terror where Rome used laughter", "rel": "parallel", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition it belongs to, and the one place in it where the state itself kept a charm", "rel": "tradition", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian who assembled the European evidence for the eye and its substitutes, and put this object in the same drawer as the horn and the hand", "rel": "person", "from": "fascinum" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the sign itself, and this is its commonest carved form", "rel": "motif", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the Caribbean and Spanish jet version of this exact hand, under a name taken from the stone", "rel": "descendant", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the wider family — the open palm answers the same look with the opposite gesture", "rel": "motif", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "the Roman substitute for the same job, the phallus instead of the fist", "rel": "parallel", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "southern Italy's surviving answer, after the fig fell out of use there", "rel": "parallel", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "as": "the Asturian material, and the one that carries the child's version", "rel": "material", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign this substitutes for — something startling enough to take a look", "rel": "parallel", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read that asks why the eye travels with its meaning and this hand does not", "rel": "story", "from": "figa" }, { "to": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "as": "the other charm that must be taken under conditions nobody observes any more, and the other one a factory now supplies", "rel": "parallel", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the other object whose oldest rule is that it must be found and not bought", "rel": "parallel", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "what it actually is: a plant, carried dead and flattened, and the only charm in this atlas measured by a botanical survey", "rel": "material", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the word that has entirely replaced protection here — nothing in this record names a harm it turns away", "rel": "term", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "mascot-word", "type": "term", "name": "mascot", "as": "where it ends up: an emblem on a racing car and a rocket patch rather than an object in a pocket", "rel": "term", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "what a student carries now, and often this, flattened in a wallet", "rel": "parallel", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "as": "the sporting end of the same habit, from Ugo Sivocci's 1923 Targa Florio clover onward", "rel": "parallel", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read this belongs in: 10,000 a day, grown to order, sold as the thing you were supposed to find", "rel": "story", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it came out of, and its least protective object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "four-leaf-clover" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the everyday form: this script folded into yellow paper, sleeved in red and issued at a Taiwanese temple", "rel": "part", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition of the priesthood that writes it and holds the script", "rel": "tradition", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese descendant — the same idea of a written slip from a shrine, reached through this script", "rel": "descendant", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean descendant, taken up by Korean shamanism", "rel": "descendant", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "where the script goes when it is cast in bronze: fulu open and close the inscription of a Taoist coin charm", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "fu-word", "type": "term", "name": "fu", "as": "the word, and the two different fu it keeps getting confused between — the tally and the fortune", "rel": "same-word", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign family it belongs to: writing that acts because of whose name it is, not because of what it says", "rel": "motif", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice itself, taught privately and differing by sect", "rel": "practice", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the other Taoist fixture at a doorway, working by reflection where this works by writing", "rel": "kin", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the long read on signs made to be looked at rather than read", "rel": "art", "from": "fu-talisman" }, { "to": "mascot-word", "type": "term", "name": "mascot", "as": "the word for this whole family, and a gamblers' slang term before it was a costume", "rel": "term", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "as": "the charm on Stouffer's list of what American soldiers carried in the Second World War, which Gmelch cites as the same behaviour under worse stakes", "rel": "parallel", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "challenge-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Challenge coin", "as": "the coin in the same pocket that claims nothing — Gmelch's list of fetishes opens with coins, and this is the one that does not qualify", "rel": "contrast", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the same object with an answer sheet instead of a scoreboard, and a shrine counter behind it instead of a locker", "rel": "parallel", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "worry-stone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Worry stone", "as": "the other found stone in this atlas whose owner says its job is to tell him something rather than to keep something away", "rel": "parallel", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "the other charm here that is picked up rather than made", "rel": "parallel", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the word the whole practice runs on, and the one nobody in a clubhouse defines", "rel": "term", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "alan-dundes", "type": "person", "name": "Alan Dundes", "as": "the folklorist who took this kind of everyday American material as a serious object of study", "rel": "person", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this cuts against — here the charms are carried by adults at work, and the work is televised", "rel": "story", "from": "game-day-charm" }, { "to": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "as": "the thing most often found inside — the folded, thread-wrapped protection diagram that the window of a gau usually shows", "rel": "part", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition that fills it, and that decides who is entitled to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "as": "what hangs on the same necklace, and the other Himalayan object whose value depends on a history nobody can read off its surface", "rel": "kin", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "as": "the same idea two mountain ranges west: a written text sealed in metal that the wearer is not meant to open", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the leather-cased cousin from North Africa, carried the same way at the neck", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "barkhor-lhasa", "type": "place", "name": "The Barkhor", "as": "the circuit boxes are worn on, and bought beside", "rel": "place", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "kathmandu-thamel", "type": "place", "name": "Thamel", "as": "where the catalogued example was made, and where empty cases are sold as jewellery", "rel": "place", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the practice the object exists for: the contents are covered, and stay covered", "rel": "practice", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step no buyer can perform for themselves — a lama's, and the reason a bought case is not yet a gau", "rel": "practice", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "Japan's sealed pouch, bought at a shrine and likewise not to be opened — the same rule reached by a different route", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gau-box" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign underneath this one; the gorgoneion's whole force sits in the glare, and Homer describes the eyes before anything else", "rel": "motif", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition whose loudest object this is", "rel": "tradition", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "the Roman alternative for the same interception — a phallus instead of a face, and laughter instead of terror", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "Mesopotamia's version of the argument: a frightening head, mounted facing the way in", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "as": "the medieval lead amulets whose main image resembles a gorgoneion and is read as a womb symbol — the face outliving the myth", "rel": "descendant", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the same mechanism reduced to a bead, and the version still sold in Athens and Istanbul", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "as": "the beasts flanking the full Gorgon on the oldest standing Greek temple", "rel": "motif", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the temple antefix is the monumental form of — put the guard where the thing gets in", "rel": "practice", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read; this is the family's most-copied member in the classical world", "rel": "story", "from": "gorgoneion" }, { "to": "gris-gris-word", "type": "term", "name": "gris-gris", "as": "the word itself, and the argument about what it means on which side of the Atlantic", "rel": "same-word", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the tradition the West African line belongs to, alongside the Fon bǒ that Francophone Beninese also call by this name", "rel": "tradition", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the other tradition it belongs to — the writing inside it is Qur'anic, and the maker is a marabout", "rel": "tradition", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the same object in South Asia: a written verse folded into a case and worn", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the Arabian version — the same Qur'anic verses, but in a silver case rather than a cloth sack", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the Central African container it is repeatedly compared with, and the one the American mojo bag descends from instead", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "mojo-word", "type": "term", "name": "mojo", "as": "the American word for the neighbouring bag, from Kikongo mooyo — a different ancestry in the same city", "rel": "term", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "vodou-not-voodoo", "type": "term", "name": "Vodou and Vodún — and the spelling this atlas does not use", "as": "the spelling argument this object sits inside, because the word for the tradition changed with the Atlantic crossing too", "rel": "term", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material that carries the verse, and the part that does the work", "rel": "material", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the practice of closing a charm into cloth so nobody can read it", "rel": "practice", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "akodessewa-market", "type": "place", "name": "Akodessawa fetish market", "as": "the Lomé market where West African charm materials are traded in the open", "rel": "place", "from": "gris-gris" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "the other thing a British household hung on the same nail, and the one that had to be cut and bound rather than found", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the object Edward Lovett found beside it on Sussex bedsteads in 1928, doing the same job against the same night", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the answer when the harm was already inside the house — this stone hangs, that bottle is buried", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition this belongs to, and one of its few objects that costs nothing and is made by nobody", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "the sign in the name: Glain Neidr, snake's egg, from the Druids' account of how it is made", "rel": "motif", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the collector who recorded these on Brighton beach and on Surrey bedsteads, and who published the red-ribbon detail in 1928", "rel": "person", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "where English charms of this class sit in a public case, alongside the rowan loops", "rel": "place", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "worry-stone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Worry stone", "as": "the present-day pocket stone, found the same way and carried for a different reason", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the family this atlas files a hole-you-look-through beside — though no source in this record says the hagstone is an eye, and this record does not say it either", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the metal English folklore trusts against the same harms; the hagstone is the stone answer to the same question", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hagstone" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the sign this object is, and the reason it works in traditions that share nothing else", "rel": "motif", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "open-palm", "type": "motif", "name": "The open palm", "as": "the gesture it freezes — right hand up, fingers slightly apart, aimed at the looker", "rel": "motif", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign usually set in the palm; two charms stacked on one piece of silver", "rel": "motif", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead it is most often sold beside, and most often combined with", "rel": "kin", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "one of the traditions that carries it, and the one whose Salafi authorities rule against it by name", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the other tradition that carries it, where the hand doubles as the letter shin for Shaddai", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal it is usually made of, named in the tradition for purity", "rel": "material", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "as": "the black stone it was historically carved from, and the same stone Spain cuts a fist out of", "rel": "material", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the Iberian and Brazilian hand-charm this one sits next to in a Spanish tray", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "the Cairo market where it outsells every other charm against the eye", "rel": "place", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "hamsa-word", "type": "term", "name": "hamsa", "as": "the word itself, which is just the number five", "rel": "same-word", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read; the hand and the eye travel together across this whole map", "rel": "story", "from": "hamsa" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the parent shape — the same beetle, worn by the living and used to stamp their letters", "rel": "origin", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "its partner in the wrappings: one speaks for the dead at the weighing, the other guards the cut the embalmer made", "rel": "kin", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "scarab-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The beetle", "as": "the sign it carries, read as the sun rolled up at daybreak and so as rebirth", "rel": "motif", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that placed it, by the rules of a funeral rather than by a wearer's choice", "rel": "tradition", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice this object exists inside; it was never meant to be seen again", "rel": "practice", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the step that makes it work as a heart scarab rather than as a large beetle — and the step the late small ones drop", "rel": "practice", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "the translator through whom most English readers first met Chapter 30B", "rel": "person", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "as": "another amulet the wrappings required, placed on the upper torso rather than the heart", "rel": "kin", "from": "heart-scarab" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "the tradition this belongs to, which is why this record does not call it a lucky charm", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "the other pendant from the same stone and the same cord, for ancestors rather than for water", "rel": "kin", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "fish", "type": "motif", "name": "The fish", "as": "the sign behind the shape, and behind the name of the North Island", "rel": "motif", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "as": "the material class pounamu falls into; Māori classify the stone by colour instead", "rel": "material", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "as": "what most of them are carved from now — cattle bone, and whale bone under strict limits", "rel": "material", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "the museum that holds them and publishes about them in Māori terms", "rel": "org", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "dreamcatcher", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dreamcatcher", "as": "the North American parallel — a form mass-produced abroad and objected to by name on the same grounds", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the other object in this atlas most often worn against danger on a crossing", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read about copies, which this record is one of the clearest cases in", "rel": "story", "from": "hei-matau" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "the tradition this belongs to, and the one that decides that this is a treasure with whakapapa and not an ornament", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the other pendant worn at the same neck, carved from the same stone, for water rather than for ancestors", "rel": "kin", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "as": "the material class pounamu falls into for a mineralogist, and does not fall into for Māori, who classify it by colour", "rel": "material", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "the museum holding over 200 of them and publishing about them in Māori terms", "rel": "org", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "te-papa-taonga", "type": "place", "name": "Mana Whenua, Te Papa", "as": "the room a reader can stand in and see them", "rel": "place", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the overseas collection holding about fifty, and part of the reason repatriation is a live question", "rel": "org", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "the practice that makes one: mana accumulates by passing between generations, not by carving", "rel": "practice", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this record is central to", "rel": "story", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "dreamcatcher", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dreamcatcher", "as": "the North American parallel — an Indigenous form now also made by everybody else, and objected to by name", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice recorded here: buried with a kaitiaki, and lifted again for the tangihanga", "rel": "practice", "from": "hei-tiki" }, { "to": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "as": "one of the designs by name — the tree of life is a standard theme on the commercial signs", "rel": "motif", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice it is the biggest version of: a sign fixed to a building, facing outward, in public", "rel": "practice", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the other painted geometric disc in this atlas fixed to the outside of a building, and a useful comparison because nobody argues about what that one is for", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "as": "the opposite instinct in the same kind of building: one charm walled up where nobody can see it, one painted six feet across on the gable", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the other thing on an American barn, and the one whose protective claim nobody disputes", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition the emigrants brought, and the one this object may or may not still belong to — that is the argument", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read the 1942 souvenir sign belongs in: a traditional design, a new object, and a meaning printed on the box", "rel": "story", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read for the rest of it: neopagans making them, the Amish refusing them, and a state radiation office using one as a logo", "rel": "story", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "apotropaic-word", "type": "term", "name": "apotropaic", "as": "the word the talismanic school uses and the decorative school will not", "rel": "term", "from": "hex-sign" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition that fills it, and the rule it obeys: invoke God, never jinn", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "the same verses worn as a solid inscribed piece rather than as paper in a box", "rel": "kin", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the same object under its South Asian name", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the West African cousin — the same Qur'anic writing, carried in cloth instead of silver, by way of Mande scholars", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the other Abrahamic case with a written text sealed inside it, fixed to a doorpost rather than hung at a neck", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal it is nearly always made in", "rel": "material", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "as": "the practice that gets a verse into a case that size", "rel": "practice", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "what is written inside — God's names, the names of angels or of prophets, or a verse", "rel": "motif", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "tuareg-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agadez cross", "as": "the other silver charm in this batch, and the contrast: that one holds nothing", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "a market where the same case is sold under the Turkish name muska", "rel": "place", "from": "hirz-pouch" }, { "to": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "as": "the same demon's job description two thousand years earlier and one region east — A. A. Barb traced this family of she-demons back to the Mesopotamian primeval sea", "rel": "origin", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the face on the reverse; the medieval lead amulets carry a device that resembles one and is read as a womb symbol", "rel": "motif", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the practice this grew out of — named powers, named demons, cut small and worn", "rel": "origin", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the eastern contemporary, naming Lilith where these name Abyzou, and buried instead of worn", "rel": "parallel", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition whose grammar these keep — name the affliction, order it to flee", "rel": "origin", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "the ouroboros the reverse inscription is written inside", "rel": "motif", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the working part of the object: Solomon's seal, Arlaph, Sisinnios, and the demon's own name used against her", "rel": "motif", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "what this becomes in Latin Christendom — a saint on a small metal disc, worn against a named danger", "rel": "descendant", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read; the largest class of amulet in the world is the one aimed at whatever takes babies", "rel": "story", "from": "holy-rider-pendant" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the reason it was picked up in the first place: cold iron, the metal European folklore says contains and repels", "rel": "material", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "as": "the shape it shares with an older sign, and the shape the earliest written record names it by — crescent figured irons", "rel": "motif", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice in its plainest form, and the one this atlas has the longest argument about direction in", "rel": "practice", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "what it is combined with in Turkey — the shoe and the all-seeing eye on one object", "rel": "kin", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "what Edward Lovett found hanging beside it on Sussex bedsteads in 1928, against the same nightmares", "rel": "parallel", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the southern European answer at the same doorway, and now on the same rear-view mirror", "rel": "parallel", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "four-leaf-clover", "type": "amulet", "name": "Four-leaf clover", "as": "the other charm that must be found rather than bought, and the other one a factory now supplies anyway", "rel": "parallel", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "as": "the two objects Theodore Roosevelt was given: a gold-mounted rabbit's foot from John L. Sullivan, and a penholder Bob Fitzsimmons made out of a horseshoe", "rel": "parallel", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it belongs to, and its most-copied object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the word that has replaced protection in most present-day talk about it", "rel": "term", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the collector who recorded it in London and Sussex homes in the 1920s rather than in the past tense", "rel": "person", "from": "horseshoe" }, { "to": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "as": "the tradition this object gives its name to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "the household descendant of the same idea — a small loaded figure standing in for the full-size abundance", "rel": "kin", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the practice that completes it: the illa goes into the pasture the herd walks over", "rel": "practice", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "what the hole in its back is for — fat, blood, and offerings poured in", "rel": "practice", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the same move made under a building instead of under a field", "rel": "parallel", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the other object in this atlas whose power is what was packed into a cavity in it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this belongs in — nearly every illa in a museum left a corral to get there", "rel": "story", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "one of the collections holding Inca conopas", "rel": "org", "from": "illa" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition these bowls are the earliest bulk evidence for — written amulets in divine and angelic names, centuries before anyone called it that", "rel": "tradition", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "as": "the older practice in the same ground: name the demon, bind it, put the object where it enters", "rel": "origin", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "as": "the same argument in bronze a millennium earlier, with the demon pictured instead of written", "rel": "origin", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the descendant that keeps the writing and drops the bowl", "rel": "descendant", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "joseph-naveh", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Naveh", "as": "with Shaul Shaked, the editor whose 1985 Amulets and Magic Bowls put these texts in front of readers who are not Aramaists", "rel": "person", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "shaul-shaked", "type": "person", "name": "Shaul Shaked", "as": "the other half of that edition, and the reason a bowl text can be quoted at all here", "rel": "person", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition that carried the bowl on in metal, inscribed with Qur'an and hadith and drunk from", "rel": "descendant", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the practice that puts protection under the floor rather than on the body", "rel": "practice", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "as": "the same demon-naming logic in the Byzantine west, worn instead of buried", "rel": "parallel", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this corpus forces: 2,000 bowls excavated, tens of thousands dug and sold", "rel": "story", "from": "incantation-bowl" }, { "to": "tupilaq", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tupilaq", "as": "the object this one is most often confused with, and its opposite: an amulet is carried for its owner, a tupilaq was sent at somebody else", "rel": "contrast", "from": "inuit-amulet" }, { "to": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "as": "the sign family most of these belong to — the animal, kept as a part of itself", "rel": "motif", "from": "inuit-amulet" }, { "to": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "as": "the Siberian parallel, across the same Arctic, with its own specialists and its own rules", "rel": "parallel", "from": "inuit-amulet" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "how one is carried: stitched into a parka rather than hung where it can be seen", "rel": "practice", "from": "inuit-amulet" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read explaining why this record stops where it stops", "rel": "story", "from": "inuit-amulet" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this belongs in — the best-known figure in this record is a child carrying eighty", "rel": "story", "from": "inuit-amulet" }, { "to": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "as": "the material the Arctic works, and the one most of these are made from", "rel": "material", "from": "inuit-amulet" }, { "to": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "as": "the heirloom blade of the same islands, which is a jimat with a name, a smith and a lineage attached", "rel": "kin", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "as": "the Philippine cousin: the Javanese anting-anting, an ear-hung ornament, is where the Tagalog word comes from", "rel": "kin", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the Chinese coin-shaped charm the gobog is modelled on — same square hole, different pantheon on the face", "rel": "origin", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the written Islamic charm this word's Arabic root belongs to, and the practice the Islamic objection to jimat is aimed at too", "rel": "parallel", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition the word azimat comes out of, and the one whose scholars argue against the object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the mainland Southeast Asian written charm doing the same work one sea north", "rel": "parallel", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "where the Raffles coins ended up, and where the standard catalogue of them was written", "rel": "held-at", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the Indonesian definition leads with: hung on a body, a vehicle or a building", "rel": "practice", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "what makes a rajah a rajah — the characters, not the paper", "rel": "practice", "from": "jimat" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition this object is the whole material output of", "rel": "tradition", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the same writing, seven centuries earlier, buried under a floor in Nippur instead of folded into a pocket", "rel": "origin", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the object Maimonides used to draw the line — write angel names inside one and you have turned a commandment into this", "rel": "contrast", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "the commandment the Talmud specifically differentiates from amulets, and which a kame'a is not", "rel": "contrast", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the grid the Western occult tradition borrowed this word for, after Agrippa's planetary squares of 1531", "rel": "motif", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign this object is made of, and the one it does not print here", "rel": "motif", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the oldest surviving Hebrew written charm, six centuries before the Talmudic practice this record starts from", "rel": "origin", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the Islamic parallel, argued over inside its own tradition on almost identical terms", "rel": "parallel", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the one piece of this world that went fully public, and the one its own scholars are most dismissive of", "rel": "kin", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read about the restricted block; this record is one of its examples", "rel": "story", "from": "kamea" }, { "to": "jimat", "type": "amulet", "name": "Jimat", "as": "the Malay and Indonesian class of protective objects this belongs to, and outranks: a kris is a jimat with a smith's name on it", "rel": "whole", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the material argument in full — laminations of iron and nickelous iron, folded to raise the pamor, and the reason a blade is read like a face", "rel": "material", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "what makes it a pusaka: handed down through generations, worn at weddings, given by a king to mark his confidence", "rel": "practice", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "jamasan, the yearly cleaning the blade is owed, which wears old blades thin", "rel": "practice", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the body that inscribed the Indonesian kris in 2005", "rel": "org", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "as": "the Philippine charm carried in the same fights; kris forging continued in the Spanish East Indies while Java's was being banned", "rel": "kin", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "the other heirloom in this atlas treated as a person rather than a possession, and handed down the same way", "rel": "parallel", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the Thai parallel in how worth is set: maker, lineage and age decide the price, not the metal", "rel": "parallel", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "mjolnir-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mjölnir pendant", "as": "the other weapon worn as a charm in this atlas, though that one is a hammer in miniature and this one is a working blade", "rel": "parallel", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read the Banyu Sumurup workshop belongs in: one bench, one blade for an enthusiast's shrine and one for a visitor's shelf", "rel": "story", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "the sign read into the wavy blade, whose luk are counted and named", "rel": "motif", "from": "keris-pusaka" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "the commandment that puts the same kind of verses in a box on the body — and the object this one keeps getting read backwards through", "rel": "descendant", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the other Jewish text-in-a-container, fixed to a doorpost instead of worn", "rel": "kin", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the written Jewish amulet as a class, of which this is the oldest dated survivor", "rel": "descendant", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition of writing a holy text to carry, a thousand years before it had that name", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal that let a text this small survive two and a half thousand years in a tomb", "rel": "material", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice that is the reason this object exists to be read", "rel": "practice", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the same object in another scripture — a verse, rolled small, worn", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "scripture in a case at the throat; this is that idea's oldest dated instance in the atlas", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read about what it means to date an amulet; this one is dated by a tomb, a threshold stone and three years of unrolling", "rel": "story", "from": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls" }, { "to": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "as": "the Roman object closest to it — a blessed thing worn at the neck, with the same question attached about what it is", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "what a Catholic neck carries where this hangs beside an Orthodox cross", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the Islamic sewn pouch doing the same work — a written prayer, carried on the body, not to be opened", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the Tibetan version — a metal case at the neck with a consecrated thing inside, and a hinged lid", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the other container this atlas holds whose contents are a named text and whose rules are about placement", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign it is worn with and never instead of", "rel": "motif", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the practice — under the shirt, on the cross cord, not opened", "rel": "practice", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "tama-votive", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tama", "as": "the other Orthodox object in this atlas, and the one that goes on the icon rather than on the body", "rel": "kin", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read where a church's own word for an object collides with the reader's", "rel": "story", "from": "ladanka" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "the counter-figure cut on the same plaques, shown chasing her down the river; a household could own both and they were not opposites in the tray", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "as": "the tradition this object is the centre of — a named demon, a named opponent, an incantation, and a thing to hang", "rel": "tradition", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the same soil a thousand years later, with the demon caught in a spiral of ink under the floor instead of nailed to a wall", "rel": "descendant", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "as": "the childbirth demon again, now called Abyzou and trampled by a rider on Byzantine bronze", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "as": "Egypt's answer to the same danger, and a guardian rather than a demon held off", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "the Egyptian household protector scholars compare to Pazuzu, and so to this plaque's other half", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "the sign in both her fists on the first-millennium compositions", "rel": "motif", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where these went — beds, doorways, and the places a household counted as open", "rel": "practice", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this object opens: the oldest named amulet-demon in the atlas hunts newborns", "rel": "story", "from": "lamashtu-plaque" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition that prints it, and that says what the wind does with it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "as": "the same printed mantras folded onto a body instead of left open to the wind", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the household's other printed protection, kept shut in metal while this one is left out to fade", "rel": "kin", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the practice that keeps it going — replaced each Tibetan New Year, the old string left flying beside the new", "rel": "practice", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "how it ends: old flags are burned, never binned and never put on the ground", "rel": "practice", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "Japan's paper parallel, taken from a shrine each year and burned at the next", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "the woodblock printing that makes a mantra repeatable by the hundred", "rel": "material", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "barkhor-lhasa", "type": "place", "name": "The Barkhor", "as": "one of the circuits they are strung over and sold beside", "rel": "place", "from": "lungta-flag" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "the boys' counterpart, and the object Isidore defines this one against", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lunula" }, { "to": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "as": "the sign it is, and the one it shares with a thousand years of later Islamic and Balkan silver", "rel": "motif", "from": "lunula" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition it belongs to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "lunula" }, { "to": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "as": "the metal Isidore specifies and Plautus's characters can afford", "rel": "material", "from": "lunula" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "the other amulet in this atlas that is defined by when it comes off", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lunula" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "the Roman charm aimed at the same look, with none of this one's discretion", "rel": "kin", "from": "lunula" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read; both Roman childhood amulets end at the moment the child stops being one", "rel": "story", "from": "lunula" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the same voces magicae, the same divine names, scratched on lead and aimed at a person instead of hung on one", "rel": "contrast", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition, at its most literate and most expensive", "rel": "tradition", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "campbell-bonner", "type": "person", "name": "Campbell Bonner", "as": "the scholar the standing database of these stones is named for", "rel": "person", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign most of these stones actually carry, once the figure is set aside", "rel": "motif", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "as": "the other class of written charm that works by the shape of the letters rather than their sense", "rel": "motif", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "one of the stones cut for this, and the one the later Islamic tradition singles out as the Prophet's", "rel": "material", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "as": "what this practice turns into once it is Christian: named demons, named angels, and a rider", "rel": "descendant", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the eastern cousin — the same late-antique habit of writing names to bind a power, in ink on clay rather than cut in stone", "rel": "parallel", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "abracadabra", "type": "term", "name": "abracadabra", "as": "the word that came out of this world and outlived every deity named on these stones", "rel": "term", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read; most of these gems reached museums through the trade, and their findspots went with the diggers", "rel": "story", "from": "magical-gem" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the class it belongs to — a shop-luck object sold at shrine markets beside the daruma and the rake", "rel": "tradition", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "the other figure on the same shelf, and the opposite contract: the daruma is bought blank and burnt in a year, this one just sits there", "rel": "contrast", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "where Hiroshige drew it being sold in 1852 — the earliest picture of the thing in trade", "rel": "place", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the coin in its paw: a koban, which makes this a coin charm with a cat wrapped round it", "rel": "motif", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "the Andean household figure loaded with goods and asked for more of them — the same job, a hemisphere away", "rel": "parallel", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "mascot-word", "type": "term", "name": "mascot", "as": "what it became: a corporate and civic mascot, Hikonyan included, which is where the charm and the brand meet", "rel": "term", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "what sits behind the same till in Japan, consecrated where this is not", "rel": "contrast", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the portable charm from the same shrine counter; this one never leaves the shop", "rel": "kin", "from": "maneki-neko" }, { "to": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "as": "the sign, and the reason this record and a Jerusalem wrist bracelet are filed together", "rel": "motif", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the other red thread on a wrist in this atlas — that one has no text behind it, this one has a UNESCO file", "rel": "parallel", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the material; wool, twisted, and nothing else", "rel": "material", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice — twisting and tying is the whole making", "rel": "practice", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the practice this object defines: one month, then it goes on a fruit tree or under a stone", "rel": "practice", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "as": "the other amulet here that is defined by the moment it comes off", "rel": "parallel", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "corn-dolly", "type": "amulet", "name": "Corn dolly", "as": "the European neighbour: a figure made of a plant, worn or kept for a season, then given back to the field", "rel": "parallel", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it sits in, at its most calendar-bound", "rel": "tradition", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the body that inscribed it in 2017, on a file four countries submitted together", "rel": "org", "from": "martenitsa" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "its partner commandment and its partner problem — the other object Jewish law refuses to call an amulet, carrying some of the same verses on the body instead of on the door", "rel": "kin", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the line Maimonides was drawing: write angel names inside a mezuzah and you have made one of these out of a mitzvah", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the oldest surviving Hebrew text-object in the atlas, and the thing every argument about this one eventually reaches for", "rel": "origin", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition whose whole practice Maimonides is refusing, in one paragraph, on this object", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "the material the law specifies, and the reason a printed copy in a silver case is not one", "rel": "material", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice, in the atlas's most legally defined form — right post, upper third, eight centimetres from the opening", "rel": "practice", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "Shaddai on the back, read as an acronym for the Guardian of Israel's doors", "rel": "motif", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese paper the household fixes where the house opens, from a tradition that has no objection to calling it protective", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "scripture in a case, put where a person passes it daily — the same object in another book", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read; this record is the atlas's sharpest case of a tradition rejecting the word the site is organised by", "rel": "story", "from": "mezuzah" }, { "to": "tama-votive", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tama", "as": "the Greek Orthodox object this one corresponds to almost exactly — same body parts, same thin metal, same icon", "rel": "parallel", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the tradition this belongs to, and the one that decides which saint gets which limb", "rel": "tradition", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "ex-voto-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The ex-voto wall", "as": "what a church wall looks like after a few hundred of these have been pinned to it", "rel": "art", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the Church's own category of blessed objects, which a milagro sits beside without being one", "rel": "kin", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the other metal token bought at the same counter, worn instead of pinned", "rel": "kin", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "one Mexico City market where these share an aisle with herbs, candles and the deer's-eye seed", "rel": "place", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal that makes an expensive milagro, and the reason old ones were worth taking down", "rel": "material", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the other Hispanic charm pinned to a body rather than a saint — that one goes on the baby", "rel": "kin", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the act the object exists for", "rel": "practice", "from": "milagro" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the other stamped medal on the same counter — that one promises a safe road, this one promises graces", "rel": "kin", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the category the Church files it under, and the doctrine that says a medal disposes rather than delivers", "rel": "tradition", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "brown-scapular", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brown Scapular", "as": "the cloth sacramental it is usually sold beside, and the one a 1911 ruling allowed a blessed medal to replace", "rel": "kin", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "as": "the sacramental that came first — wax before struck silver, and a papal blessing instead of a parish one", "rel": "origin", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "ladanka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ladanka", "as": "what hangs beside an Orthodox cross where this hangs beside a Catholic one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the other small metal offering of the Catholic world — that one is pinned to the saint, this one is worn by the petitioner", "rel": "contrast", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign over the M on its reverse", "rel": "motif", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "the creature under the woman's heel on its face, and the oldest thing on the medal", "rel": "motif", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal of the costly version, and the one that makes an old medal worth keeping", "rel": "material", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read where a promise struck into an object meets a doctrine that qualifies it", "rel": "story", "from": "miraculous-medal" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the commonest metal these pendants are cut from, and the metal the rest of northern Europe reaches for against the same kind of harm", "rel": "material", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the other common metal, and the one the ornamented hundred are nearly all made in", "rel": "material", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "amber", "type": "material", "name": "Amber", "as": "the third material in Jörn Staecker's 1999 typology of the finds", "rel": "material", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign arriving from the other direction — hammer pendants multiply as cross pendants spread through Scandinavia, and scholars read the one as an answer to the other", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the wider northern European habit of wearing metal against harm that this pendant is the oldest dated member of in Scandinavia", "rel": "tradition", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "the other Germanic Iron Age sign this atlas carries, and the one whose modern politics run closest to the hammer's", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice that put a tenth of these pendants where archaeologists found them, mostly in cremations, mostly in women's graves", "rel": "practice", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the other iron object northern Europe hangs against harm, and the one that outlived it by a thousand years", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "what a Christian traveller in the same waters wore instead, once the north had changed religion", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this pendant forces: a sign claimed at once by Heathen practitioners, by a national cemetery service and by white supremacists", "rel": "story", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "the-swastika-problem", "type": "story", "name": "The swastika problem", "as": "the companion argument, about a sign from the same region with the same modern wound", "rel": "story", "from": "mjolnir-pendant" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition it belongs to — an object worn on the body because a text and a horoscope together say which object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "the other South Asian thing worn at the body's surface, and the cheap one: a seed anybody may string, against nine graded stones an astrologer prescribes", "rel": "contrast", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "the red stone in the ring, standing for Mars, and the one material here this atlas files on its own", "rel": "material", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "as": "the usual setting, and — in Yogananda's account — part of the prescription rather than the frame", "rel": "material", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the drawn version of the same astrology: nine bodies laid out as a diagram on metal instead of nine stones set in it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the Mediterranean parallel — a cut stone prescribed by a specialist and worn against a named harm", "rel": "parallel", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "crystal-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Crystal pendant", "as": "what the logic becomes in a 21st-century wellness shop, with the horoscope and the flawlessness rule dropped", "rel": "contrast", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the Thai side of it: in Thailand the nine gems are a royal honour as well as a charm", "rel": "kin", "from": "navaratna-ring" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign, in the form most of the world now buys it in", "rel": "motif", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the same argument four thousand years earlier, drawn in faience instead of blown in glass", "rel": "parallel", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the hand this bead is usually set into, and sold beside", "rel": "kin", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the material that turned a sign into something a market could sell by the tray", "rel": "material", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "the market that sells more of these than anywhere else", "rel": "place", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "monastiraki", "type": "place", "name": "Monastiraki", "as": "the Athens equivalent, where the same bead is called máti", "rel": "place", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "what it becomes on a modern wrist, and the version the argument about factories is actually about", "rel": "descendant", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "nazar-word", "type": "term", "name": "nazar", "as": "the word — sight, the look, and the bead, all one noun", "rel": "same-word", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the Greek ancestor in the same soil: a frightening face doing by terror what the bead does by looking back", "rel": "parallel", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read this bead is the cover of", "rel": "story", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "the-charm-goes-digital", "type": "story", "name": "The charm goes digital", "as": "the long read about charms on screens; this one has its own Unicode code point", "rel": "story", "from": "nazar" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice this object is: a charm that guards a threshold instead of a person", "rel": "practice", "from": "nimbu-mirchi" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm it answers, though not the method — this string does not look back, it spoils the look", "rel": "motif", "from": "nimbu-mirchi" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the glass bead sold for the same harm two thousand kilometres west, and the one this atlas usually shows first", "rel": "parallel", "from": "nimbu-mirchi" }, { "to": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "as": "the written answer to nazar in the same streets, worn on the body while this hangs at the door", "rel": "parallel", "from": "nimbu-mirchi" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "Europe's door-hung answer, nailed above the same opening for a different reason", "rel": "parallel", "from": "nimbu-mirchi" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition this sits at the household end of, far from any consecrated plate", "rel": "tradition", "from": "nimbu-mirchi" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read that asks whether a lime in Delhi and a bead in Istanbul are answering the same thing", "rel": "story", "from": "nimbu-mirchi" }, { "to": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "as": "the tradition that makes it, and the banganga without whom there is no nkisi at all", "rel": "tradition", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "the European label applied to this object from outside, and the word's own history — which is about Portuguese traders on the West African coast, not about Kongo practice", "rel": "term", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "mojo-word", "type": "term", "name": "mojo", "as": "the Kikongo word mooyo, the cavity of an nkisi where the charged substances sit, carried to the American South as the name of a bag", "rel": "term", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the other African bag that reached Louisiana, by a different route — Mande Muslim writing rather than Kongo bilongo", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "as": "the sign inside it — bird claws go into the bilongo to catch a wrongdoer, chosen by metaphor rather than by pharmacy", "rel": "motif", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "as": "the reflective disc over the belly cavity and in the eyes, which is how the nkisi is said to see into the spirit world", "rel": "motif", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the material of the nails, and the reason the nailed figures are datable at all", "rel": "material", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "the practice of keeping a charged object working, which here means waking and enraging it for a task", "rel": "practice", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step that turns an assembled container into an nkisi, done away from the village", "rel": "practice", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this object is the centre of: purchased, confiscated or removed by colonial authorities, and argued over by name since 2018", "rel": "story", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "one of the museums holding examples, and one running a repatriation and redress programme over them", "rel": "org", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "quai-branly", "type": "org", "name": "Musée du quai Branly — Jacques Chirac", "as": "the Paris museum at the centre of the French restitution debate, holding 70,000 of France's 90,000 sub-Saharan objects", "rel": "org", "from": "nkisi" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "its own portable child — same origin, same counter, but sewn into a pouch and carried instead of stood on an altar", "rel": "descendant", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the Chinese ancestor: the Daoist talismanic sheet that reached Japan through Onmyōdō and set the form", "rel": "origin", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean cousin out of the same Daoist stock, drawn from Hanja rather than printed with a shrine seal", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition that sells it, alongside the daruma, the rake and the beckoning cat", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where half of them end up — gate, doorway, kitchen, ceiling, one per job", "rel": "practice", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the twelve-month clock that governs it, and the reason Japan burns so much paper each January", "rel": "practice", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "the ending: Sagichō or Dondoyaki, the Little New Year fire on 14 or 15 January", "rel": "practice", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the other household text fixed at a doorway and inspected on a cycle, four thousand miles west", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "one of the shrines that issues its own alongside the Ise talisman", "rel": "place", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign it carries: the name of the kami or the Buddhist figure is the talisman's working part", "rel": "motif", "from": "ofuda" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign this seed already is without anybody cutting it — a dark band on a pale ground, read as a pupil", "rel": "motif", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the same logic in glass, and the same story about a charm that breaks because it took the look", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the other charm Hispanic families put on an infant against mal de ojo, in jet rather than seed", "rel": "kin", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "the Mexico City market where it is sold beside garlic chains and ocote crosses", "rel": "place", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the tradition it is carried inside, and the one a priest was condemning when he condemned it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this seed belongs in — it goes on the newborn first", "rel": "story", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "as": "what hangs on the other side of the same rear-view mirror", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "how one is got: an aisle, a tray, a red cord tied on the spot", "rel": "practice", "from": "ojo-de-venado" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the parent: omamori shares its origin with the ofuda and is the smaller, portable version of it, the one that leaves the house", "rel": "origin", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the other paper a visitor leaves the same counter with — but a drawn fortune, not a charm, and tied to a rack rather than carried", "rel": "contrast", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the class of shrine-and-temple goods this belongs to, sold on the same trays as the daruma and the beckoning cat", "rel": "tradition", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the rule that shapes the whole object — twelve months, then a new one", "rel": "practice", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "how it ends: returned to the shrine and burnt at the Sagichō or Dondoyaki fire in mid-January", "rel": "practice", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the rite that makes the pouch more than brocade, performed before it reaches the counter", "rel": "practice", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "the shrine whose New Year crowds are the clearest published measure of what this trade moves — 2.69 million over three days in 2006", "rel": "place", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "a Buddhist counter issuing the same class of charm, in Tokyo's oldest temple", "rel": "place", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "Korea's paper charm carried in a small brocade bag — the same solution to the same problem, one sea away", "rel": "parallel", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the genre omamori feeds: gakugyō-jōju is an exam charm printed and priced as one", "rel": "kin", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "phone-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phone charm", "as": "where most of them now hang, which is the modern answer to 'worn at the neck'", "rel": "kin", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "the charm Japanese women made by hand for soldiers when a shrine pouch was not enough", "rel": "contrast", "from": "omamori" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the other paper from the same counter, and the opposite transaction: an omamori is chosen by category and carried shut, an omikuji is drawn blind and mostly left behind", "rel": "contrast", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the household tablet from the same issuing body; omikuji never goes on the altar", "rel": "contrast", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition that runs the counter this is drawn at", "rel": "tradition", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "a temple where the drawing goes on beside the charm stalls in Tokyo's oldest temple grounds", "rel": "place", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "one of the shrines the racks of folded slips stand in, thickest at New Year", "rel": "place", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the visit this is part of — offering, draw, read, tie", "rel": "practice", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the nearest practice in this atlas to knotting a fortune onto a pine: a paper fixed in place to do its work where it hangs", "rel": "parallel", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the word this object grades, in seven or nine steps from great blessing to great misfortune", "rel": "term", "from": "omikuji" }, { "to": "toli-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Toli", "as": "the other object on the same shaman's body — the mirror worn as armour, where this one holds an ancestor", "rel": "kin", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the Kongo parallel: an object a specialist assembles so that a spirit will live in it and work through it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "tupilaq", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tupilaq", "as": "the Arctic made figure with a spirit put into it, and the other place this atlas has to name a people rather than a region", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "as": "the neighbouring northern practice, recorded people by people in the same way", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "what stands on the other side of the line the ongod cluster along — the steppe is Buddhist ground where the taiga is shamanic", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step that makes an idol an ongon, done within three years of a shaman's death", "rel": "practice", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "how a yazguur ongon moves — down a lineage, with the house", "rel": "practice", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the Buddhist container that shares Mongolia with it, filled by a lama rather than by a shaman", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ongon" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the amulet it is the complement of: a Buddha tablet cannot be taken into a bar or a casino, and this can", "rel": "contrast", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the other non-Buddha charm on the same waist cord, and the same rule about what may hang below the belt", "rel": "kin", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the sign it is — the linga of Shiva, carried at the hip", "rel": "motif", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "Rome's version of the same intervention: a phallus hung on a child to take the look meant for him", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "Naples' answer to the same problem in a different shape — a horn cut in coral rather than a linga cut in wood", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the craft it belongs to, whose incantations run by lineage rather than by book", "rel": "tradition", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "tha-phrachan", "type": "place", "name": "Tha Phrachan amulet market", "as": "the Bangkok market that sells it, from behind the counter as often as from the tray", "rel": "place", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "how it is worn: under the clothes, on a cord, off-centre", "rel": "practice", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "dolhareubang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dol hareubang", "as": "the other charm in this atlas whose fertility claim rests on a shape read as phallic — Jeju's stone grandfather and its worn nose", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palad-khik" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the West African-descended sewn packet this is kin to across the Atlantic, in New Orleans rather than Bahia", "rel": "kin", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the same object in Islamic West Africa — a written charm sewn shut and worn", "rel": "parallel", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "cowrie", "type": "material", "name": "Cowrie", "as": "the shell set into it, which is a divination instrument before it is an ornament", "rel": "material", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the practice that makes it — the closing is the charging", "rel": "practice", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "where the form comes from, before the Atlantic crossing", "rel": "origin", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "as": "the other object built from the same shell, strung instead of sewn in", "rel": "kin", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read explaining why this record stops where it stops", "rel": "story", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "how it is worn: under the shirt, unopened", "rel": "practice", "from": "patua" }, { "to": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "as": "the demon he is bought for; the necklace in the Uruk texts exists because she is in the room", "rel": "contrast", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "as": "the tradition that made a household guard out of a wind that brings plague", "rel": "tradition", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "the Egyptian counterpart scholars keep comparing him to — both lion-parted, winged, long-phallused, and both standing over mothers and infants; five Pazuzu heads turned up near a Bes amulet in a 7th-century fort at Nimrud", "rel": "parallel", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the same device in Greek: a face too frightening to walk past, mounted where the danger comes in", "rel": "parallel", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the gazelle horns that identify the face at a glance", "rel": "motif", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the Dur-Katlimmu find caught in the act — hung on the wall facing the entryway", "rel": "practice", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "terracotta", "type": "material", "name": "Fired clay", "as": "the material most of the surviving heads are made of, and the reason there are so many", "rel": "material", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "why some of these are still here: they were buried with the people who wore them", "rel": "practice", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the later Mesopotamian object doing the same job with writing instead of a face", "rel": "descendant", "from": "pazuzu-head" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the thing most often on the end of the cord in Japan, carrying its own rules about not being opened", "rel": "carries", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the variety a student hangs there in January, and the one with a chocolate bar attached to it", "rel": "kin", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "as": "one of the figures the strap trade shrank to thumb size, and the shop-counter original it came from", "rel": "kin", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "another, and the other Japanese object that is bought small as a souvenir and large as a vow", "rel": "kin", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the other charm in this atlas whose cited worn-list already includes a phone", "rel": "parallel", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "worry-stone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Worry stone", "as": "the other thing in a modern pocket that gets touched all day without being looked at", "rel": "parallel", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "as": "what hangs from the mirror where this hangs from the handset, doing the same job from the next surface over", "rel": "parallel", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice that attaches it — a lark's head through a drilled hole, which is the oldest technique in this record", "rel": "practice", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "the-charm-goes-digital", "type": "story", "name": "The charm goes digital", "as": "the long read this is the hinge of: the charm did not go into the phone, it was tied to the outside of it", "rel": "story", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "one temple where the strap format sits on the counter beside every other format of the same prayer", "rel": "place", "from": "phone-charm" }, { "to": "tha-phrachan", "type": "place", "name": "Tha Phrachan amulet market", "as": "the market this object built: trays, glass cases, loupes and certificates, in the lanes beside Thammasat University", "rel": "made-at", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the amulet it shares a chain with and is ranked against — no Buddha image on a takrut, so it may go where this may not, including a trouser pocket", "rel": "kin", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "as": "the other Thai charm on the same tray, and the one that may be carried into a bar or a casino where this may not", "rel": "contrast", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the same protection cut into skin instead of pressed into clay, by masters rather than moulds", "rel": "parallel", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the body of craft and lineage this belongs to, and the reason a monk's name sets a price", "rel": "tradition", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "what turns a pressed tablet into a phra khrueang — chanting that runs from a week to several years", "rel": "practice", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice in its most monetised form, with a 20-billion-baht year on the record", "rel": "practice", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on forgery and appraisal, which starts with this object because the loupes are pointed at it", "rel": "story", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read this is a hard case for: temple, mould and monk are the date, and a certificate is the evidence", "rel": "story", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "as": "the Indonesian parallel — an object whose worth sits in its maker, its lineage and its age rather than in its material", "rel": "parallel", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "why so many surface at once: tablets were sealed into stupas at construction and come out when the stupa falls", "rel": "practice", "from": "phra-khrueang" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the class it belongs to — this is the ordinary, household end of Taoist talismanic writing", "rel": "whole", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition that writes it and the priesthood that keeps the script", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the step that issues it: incense, a name, a birth date, divination blocks, three clockwise circles over the censer", "rel": "practice", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "its clock — one year, then the furnace", "rel": "practice", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "how it ends, at the temple, before Lunar New Year", "rel": "practice", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "Japan's sealed brocade pouch, taken from a shrine and returned to be burned a year later: the same cycle, the same year", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese paper talisman descended from the same Taoist writing", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean paper charm from the same root, and the third of the three", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the fixed version at the same door: this one rides in a pocket, that one is screwed above the lintel", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material that lets a temple issue thousands and burn them all a year later", "rel": "material", "from": "ping-an-fu" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition, and the argument about whether this object should exist", "rel": "tradition", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the same scripture folded into a packet rather than sealed in a case", "rel": "kin", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the same verses at the scale of a garment", "rel": "kin", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the silver box of Qur'anic verses the Egyptian tradition names alongside the eye and the hamsa", "rel": "kin", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "scripture in a case, fixed where a person passes it — the same object in another book, with the opposite ruling about what to call it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the oldest dated instance of this idea anywhere in the atlas: a blessing, rolled small, carried", "rel": "parallel", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the stone the tradition singles out as the Prophet's, worn set in silver", "rel": "material", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign underneath: the names and attributes of God doing the work", "rel": "motif", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "as": "where this one most often ends up now — hung from a mirror rather than worn", "rel": "descendant", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "the Cairo market where the cases are sold", "rel": "place", "from": "quran-pendant" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the African American charm tradition this object's American history runs through, and the frame the graveyard conditions make sense in", "rel": "origin", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "mojo-word", "type": "term", "name": "mojo", "as": "the word for the bag Puckett found it inside, worn by a cook in the Mississippi Delta", "rel": "term", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "as": "the sign family it belongs to: a piece of an animal, carried for what the animal was", "rel": "motif", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "as": "what is left after drying, and the reason these survive in collections at all", "rel": "material", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "four-leaf-clover", "type": "amulet", "name": "Four-leaf clover", "as": "the charm it is usually sold beside, and the other one whose original condition the market has quietly dropped", "rel": "parallel", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the two objects Theodore Roosevelt was given — this from John L. Sullivan, and a penholder Bob Fitzsimmons made out of a shoe", "rel": "parallel", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the single word that now covers everything this charm was once specific about", "rel": "term", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read it belongs in: a Black folk-magic object sold as generic American luck, with the lineage left off the packet", "rel": "story", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "as": "where a great many of them ended up, in a pocket on the day of a match", "rel": "parallel", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it gets shelved under, which this record's sources do not support for its American form", "rel": "contrast", "from": "rabbits-foot" }, { "to": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "as": "the sign, and the one that runs from the Mediterranean to Mongolia without needing a text", "rel": "motif", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "the commandment this stood in for in the 1490s, when Rabbi Abraham Saba told Jews barred from wearing tefillin to wear a red string to remember it", "rel": "origin", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "the Balkan red thread on a wrist, with a fixed season and a documented history where this one has an absence", "rel": "parallel", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition it is marketed under, and whose own teachers say it has no use for red strings", "rel": "contrast", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the whole material inventory of this object", "rel": "material", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice — the tying is what there is to do", "rel": "practice", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the shelf it now shares: a wrist, a colour, and a claim sold to people outside the tradition", "rel": "kin", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the other Jewish charm against the eye, and the one with a long documented object history", "rel": "contrast", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read; a custom with no textual basis, sold worldwide under the name of a restricted tradition", "rel": "story", "from": "red-string" }, { "to": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "as": "the second half of the charm and the half that does the binding — wood alone is not the object", "rel": "motif", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "as": "the sign behind it: this is the one British charm whose power is attributed to a named species and not to a shape", "rel": "motif", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "what hung on the next nail, found rather than cut, and not renewed each year", "rel": "parallel", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the iron answer to the same door, and the one that stayed up all year", "rel": "parallel", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "the other woven cross of these islands, made on one named day, hung in the rafters, and replaced at the next feast", "rel": "parallel", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice that makes it — the red thread at the crossing is the whole operation", "rel": "practice", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "how it was carried where it could not be seen, stitched into a coat lining from Scotland to Cornwall", "rel": "practice", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where it mostly went: over a door, over a byre lintel, above a hearth", "rel": "practice", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it belongs to, and its clearest case of a plant used as a metal would be", "rel": "tradition", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the case these loops have sat in since 1893, and the reason we can say how big they are", "rel": "place", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the same fear answered indoors and out of sight, with urine and pins instead of wood and thread", "rel": "contrast", "from": "rowan-cross" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the practice the string exists for — 108 beads plus a guru bead is a counter before it is an ornament", "rel": "practice", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "seed", "type": "material", "name": "Seed and nut", "as": "the material: a fruit stone, hard enough to drill and outlast the wearer", "rel": "material", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "as": "the sign behind the object — this bead is the one amulet in the atlas that is simply a tree's fruit, named for a god's eye", "rel": "motif", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition that files it: an object worn on the body because a text says what wearing it does", "rel": "tradition", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "navaratna-ring", "type": "amulet", "name": "Navaratna ring", "as": "the other South Asian body-worn prescription, and the opposite kind — nine bought stones set by an astrologer's reading, against one grown seed anyone may wear", "rel": "contrast", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "as": "the Himalayan bead worn at the same throat, graded the same way by counting marks on its surface, and priced far higher", "rel": "parallel", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "kathmandu-thamel", "type": "place", "name": "Thamel", "as": "one of the streets the Nepalese beads reach a buyer on", "rel": "place", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "crystal-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Crystal pendant", "as": "what the bead becomes in a wellness shop outside the tradition — a stone sold by its properties, with no mantra to count", "rel": "contrast", "from": "rudraksha" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the same yant in the same scripts, rolled into metal foil instead of pricked into skin", "rel": "parallel", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the pressed Buddha tablet that does the same work and can be taken off; this one cannot", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the craft that holds the designs, the lineages and the rules for the bearer", "rel": "tradition", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "as": "the practice itself — hand-poked with a sharpened rod, under a master's hand", "rel": "practice", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the same geometry on a flat sheet, which is where the designs started before they went into skin", "rel": "parallel", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the other tattooed charm in this atlas, marked on the body and not removable either", "rel": "parallel", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "yant-flash", "type": "art", "name": "Yant flash", "as": "the sheet of designs a master works from, and the thing a visitor now picks off", "rel": "art", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "as": "the material this one is made of, which is what makes the argument about who may receive it sharp", "rel": "material", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the gallery of drawn geometries this one belongs in, before any of them reach a body", "rel": "art", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read the 2011 ministry move belongs in, with both sides named", "rel": "story", "from": "sak-yant" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "the funerary member of this family — same beetle, but sized to the chest, inscribed with a spell and told to keep quiet at the weighing", "rel": "descendant", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "scarab-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The beetle", "as": "the sign this object is a body for: the beetle that rolls the sun up at daybreak", "rel": "motif", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the other amulet Egypt made by the thousand; the eye went over the embalmer's incision, the scarab over the heart", "rel": "contrast", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that cut it, and the one that turned an amulet into an office seal", "rel": "tradition", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the moulded material that made it cheap by the tray", "rel": "material", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the hardstone version, cut not moulded, and costlier", "rel": "material", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice that is why so many survive at all", "rel": "practice", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator whose sequence work made a scarab something you could date a layer with", "rel": "person", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on how a charm gets a date — and this object is its hardest case, because a king's name on it need not be his century", "rel": "story", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "met-egyptian-galleries", "type": "place", "name": "The Egyptian galleries, the Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "a room where a tray of them can be read against each other", "rel": "place", "from": "scarab" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the shrine's version of the same errand, bought over a counter; this one was assembled from a thousand strangers on a street", "rel": "contrast", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the whole material argument: a thousand stitches were said to strengthen the cloth, and the strength to pass to the man in it", "rel": "material", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "as": "what some belts were lined with — one woman's, or several — a custom recorded as coming from Okinawa", "rel": "material", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the act that makes it: one knot, one woman, a thousand times", "rel": "practice", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the other half of the act, and how the belt was fastened or folded into a pack and a helmet liner", "rel": "practice", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the Islamic garment written over against blades and shot — the same idea worn, in ink rather than thread", "rel": "parallel", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "challenge-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Challenge coin", "as": "the other soldier's token in this atlas: issued by a unit rather than made by civilians, and kept rather than worn", "rel": "contrast", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the Japanese luck-object tradition this stands outside — no shrine issued it and no priest charged it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this belongs in: a belt made by a thousand named-nobody women, now bought and sold as militaria", "rel": "story", "from": "senninbari" }, { "to": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "as": "the same medal once the traveller got an engine — clipped to a visor instead of worn at the throat", "rel": "kin", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "miraculous-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "Miraculous Medal", "as": "the other stamped medal on the same shop counter, and the one whose origin story has a date, a witness and a goldsmith", "rel": "kin", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the category the Church puts a blessed medal in, and the doctrine the Spanish rim sentence outruns", "rel": "tradition", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "brown-scapular", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brown Scapular", "as": "the cloth version of the same argument — a devotional object with a promise attached that its own order spends its time qualifying", "rel": "kin", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "as": "the older Roman sacramental worn at the neck, in wax rather than struck metal", "rel": "kin", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "ladanka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ladanka", "as": "what an Orthodox neck carries instead, and the Orthodox version of the same line between devotion and charm", "rel": "parallel", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "as": "the late-antique ancestor of a saint on a disc worn against danger", "rel": "origin", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the Japanese object sold for the same road, with kōtsū-anzen written on it instead of a Latin rim", "rel": "parallel", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the act that turns this medal from jewellery into what the Church calls a sacramental — optional, and often skipped", "rel": "practice", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign stamped on the reverse of most of them", "rel": "motif", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read this record is the hardest case for: the Church calls it a sacramental, the rim calls it insurance", "rel": "story", "from": "st-christopher-medal" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the case it usually travels in, and the window it usually sits behind", "rel": "whole", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition that draws it, consecrates it and gives it out", "rel": "tradition", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "as": "the step that turns a readable diagram into a carried object", "rel": "practice", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the five-coloured cords that bind it shut, which are part of the amulet and not its wrapping", "rel": "practice", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the South Asian relative it descends from in form — a deity diagram with mantras written in, except that this one is closed up instead of hung open", "rel": "origin", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "Southeast Asia's version of the same move: an inscribed sheet rolled tight and bound, worn without being read", "rel": "parallel", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "the printed sibling that is left open to the wind rather than folded onto a body", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "what carries the drawing, and why the object has to be renewed rather than cleaned", "rel": "material", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the practice it belongs to — carried where nobody sees it, including the wearer", "rel": "practice", "from": "sungkhor" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the same object under its Arabic name, written up from the Arabic-speaking side of the practice", "rel": "kin", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "taweez-word", "type": "term", "name": "taweez", "as": "the word itself, and the verb it comes from — to fortify someone with an amulet", "rel": "same-word", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition that sets what may be written on it and who may be addressed by it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "the same text worn without a fold — the verse legible on the surface rather than sealed in a case", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "as": "what hangs in the doorway of the same street against the same look, made of a lemon rather than a verse", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the glass answer to the harm this paper answers in words", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the practice the lugs on a lead case were for — the amulet stitched to clothing rather than hung", "rel": "practice", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the Himalayan neighbour: another sealed metal container whose contents the wearer is not expected to open", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition next door that borrowed the object and changed the writing to Om", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material that made a prayer portable, and printable from a block long before Europe printed", "rel": "material", "from": "tabiz" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the pressed tablet it hangs beside, and the rule that separates them: no Buddha image here, so this one may go in a pocket", "rel": "kin", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the same yant, same script, same lineages — put into skin instead of rolled into foil", "rel": "parallel", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the South Asian version of the design on metal, flat rather than rolled", "rel": "parallel", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the Islamic rolled written charm in a case — the same solution reached along a different road", "rel": "parallel", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "as": "the other great rolled text in this atlas: written protection kept in a tube and carried on the body", "rel": "parallel", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the craft that makes it, in which the yant and the incantation are a lineage's property", "rel": "tradition", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the act that charges it: the writing, not the metal, is the amulet", "rel": "practice", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "how it works — a sealed tube whose contents nobody sees, tied under the clothes", "rel": "practice", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "tha-phrachan", "type": "place", "name": "Tha Phrachan amulet market", "as": "the Bangkok market that sells it from the same tray as the clay tablets", "rel": "place", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "yant-flash", "type": "art", "name": "Yant flash", "as": "the sheet of designs the yant on this tube is drawn from", "rel": "art", "from": "takrut" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition, in its most expensive and most royal form", "rel": "tradition", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the same writing folded into a packet instead of spread across a body", "rel": "kin", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "the same verses in a case at the throat", "rel": "kin", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the wafq that appears among the inscriptions, and the reason numbers sit beside scripture on these shirts", "rel": "motif", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "Japan's thousand-stitch belt: another textile a soldier wore into battle, made by somebody else's hands for him", "rel": "parallel", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "scripture bound to the body under a law that refuses to call it an amulet — the contrast this record is sharpest against", "rel": "contrast", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "as": "the material, and the one that turns a text into a thing you can put on", "rel": "material", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign doing the work: the names of God, of prophets, and of the angels", "rel": "motif", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the Southeast Asian answer to the same problem — script worn against blades, cut into skin instead of onto cotton", "rel": "parallel", "from": "talismanic-shirt" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the same object in Spanish — the cited accounts on both sides call them equivalents, and this is the one that goes on an icon rather than on a robe", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "ex-voto-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The ex-voto wall", "as": "what a much-visited icon looks like after some hundreds of these have been hung on it", "rel": "art", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "ladanka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ladanka", "as": "the other Orthodox object in this atlas — that one is worn on the body, this one is given away", "rel": "kin", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "votive-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The votive wall", "as": "the wall this ends up on, and the form the offering takes when there are enough of them", "rel": "art", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal of the costly version, and the reason a wall of these is worth something", "rel": "material", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "one of the shapes stamped on them, here meaning an eye that hurts rather than an eye that looks", "rel": "motif", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the shape with the oldest story attached to it — John of Damascus had a silver one made for the hand he said was restored", "rel": "motif", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the act the object exists for, done by the petitioner and not by a priest", "rel": "practice", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "monastiraki", "type": "place", "name": "Monastiraki", "as": "one Athens market where the religious-goods shops selling these are within a few streets", "rel": "place", "from": "tama-votive" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition this is the everyday object of, and the argument it sits inside", "rel": "tradition", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "the same scripture in a metal case rather than a folded packet", "rel": "kin", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the same writing scaled up until it is a garment", "rel": "kin", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the North African and Nile version of the same container", "rel": "kin", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "as": "the South Asian object under the same word, carried by Muslims and by Hindus with an Om on it instead", "rel": "same-word", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "taweez-word", "type": "term", "name": "taweez", "as": "the word, from a verb meaning to fortify somebody with an amulet", "rel": "same-word", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the Jewish parallel, argued over inside its own tradition on almost the same terms", "rel": "parallel", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material, and the reason the cheap ones were printed and sealed unread", "rel": "material", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "as": "the practice that makes a page into a thing you can wear", "rel": "practice", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the other thing written inside these — the wafq, whose 3×3 form the tradition tied to the four archangels", "rel": "motif", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "one of the markets that sells them by the tray", "rel": "place", "from": "taweez" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "the god who works the same birth with her; the sources put the two of them in the room together", "rel": "kin", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that made her, and the oldest amulet shape in it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "as": "Mesopotamia's answer to the same fear — but there the danger to mother and baby is the figure on the plaque, and here she is the guard", "rel": "contrast", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read she heads: the largest class of amulet in the world is the one hung on somebody who cannot ask for it", "rel": "story", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "as": "the material of the Middle Kingdom wands her face is cut into", "rel": "material", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the material that made her cheap enough to hang over a cradle", "rel": "material", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the other end of her work — hippopotami with marsh flora put in tombs for a second birth", "rel": "practice", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "met-egyptian-galleries", "type": "place", "name": "The Egyptian galleries, the Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "a room where her amulets and the wands sit within sight of each other", "rel": "place", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "as": "a later charm for the same fear, made of a written verse in a case rather than a goddess in faience", "rel": "parallel", "from": "taweret-amulet" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the partner commandment, carrying two of the same four passages, fixed to the door instead of bound to the body — and the object Maimonides used to say what happens when a mitzvah is treated as a talisman", "rel": "kin", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "phylactery-word", "type": "term", "name": "phylactery", "as": "the Greek word for 'safeguard' that English fastened onto these, and that the tradition's own usage never uses", "rel": "same-word", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the oldest surviving Hebrew verses written small and carried — six centuries before the earliest tefillin finds", "rel": "origin", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "in the 1490s, when Jews were barred from wearing tefillin, Rabbi Abraham Saba recommended a red string on the hand to remember this commandment — the one documented moment where one substitutes for the other", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the written Jewish amulet these are constantly mistaken for and formally separated from", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition the apotropaic reading of tefillin belongs to, named here and not joined", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "what the passages are written on, and where a single out-of-order letter invalidates the set", "rel": "material", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "scripture worn on the body in another book's tradition, with none of this one's objection to the word", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice at its most exacting: 3,188 letters, in order, no corrections", "rel": "practice", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read; this record is here under protest from the tradition it belongs to, and says so", "rel": "story", "from": "tefillin" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "the other Japanese figure bought or made against a deadline and then discharged — that one burnt, this one floated away", "rel": "parallel", "from": "teru-teru-bozu" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition it sits at the edge of: made at home, by a child, with nobody's seal on it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "teru-teru-bozu" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the counterpart from the shrine counter — consecrated, bought, and for the year rather than for tomorrow", "rel": "contrast", "from": "teru-teru-bozu" }, { "to": "corn-dolly", "type": "amulet", "name": "Corn dolly", "as": "the other figure twisted out of cheap material for the weather and the harvest, and then destroyed on purpose", "rel": "parallel", "from": "teru-teru-bozu" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this belongs in: a charm children make with their own hands, for their own day out", "rel": "story", "from": "teru-teru-bozu" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where it works from — an eave, a window frame, outside, where the weather can see it", "rel": "practice", "from": "teru-teru-bozu" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the printed sheet a Japanese household hangs indoors for the year; this one hangs outdoors for a night", "rel": "contrast", "from": "teru-teru-bozu" }, { "to": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "as": "the sign it is — a polished surface that sends a thing back, worn instead of hung", "rel": "motif", "from": "toli-mirror" }, { "to": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "as": "the other object in the same shaman's kit: the ongon holds an ancestor, the toli holds power and turns spirits away", "rel": "kin", "from": "toli-mirror" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the Chinese neighbour doing the same optical job from a doorway, on a building rather than on a body", "rel": "parallel", "from": "toli-mirror" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "the other thing in this region called wind horse — there a printed flag left to the wind, here the power a mirror is said to hold", "rel": "kin", "from": "toli-mirror" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the Buddhist practice that shares the same territory, and sometimes the same households", "rel": "contrast", "from": "toli-mirror" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the opposite rule: a toli is worn to be seen and to catch the light, where most of this atlas's charms are worn out of sight", "rel": "contrast", "from": "toli-mirror" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the far-off parallel — a disc worn on the chest as armour, meant for whatever is looking", "rel": "parallel", "from": "toli-mirror" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the word some wearers reach for when asked what this is — a Mande word travelling north across the Sahel with the object it names", "rel": "term", "from": "tuareg-cross" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal the smiths cast it in, and never hammer", "rel": "material", "from": "tuareg-cross" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign in the European name, which most of these pieces do not actually make", "rel": "motif", "from": "tuareg-cross" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition of the region it is worn in, though nothing in the sources read here puts writing inside this object", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tuareg-cross" }, { "to": "marrakesh-souk", "type": "place", "name": "The Marrakesh souk", "as": "the northern market where Saharan silver of this kind reaches buyers", "rel": "place", "from": "tuareg-cross" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the other silver charm in this batch, and the contrast: that one is a container for a text, this one is solid", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tuareg-cross" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on what a visitor buys and what a wearer wears", "rel": "story", "from": "tuareg-cross" }, { "to": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "as": "the thing this is not: an amulet stays with its owner, a tupilaq was sent at somebody else", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tupilaq" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the Mediterranean parallel — an object made to reach a named person and do them harm", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tupilaq" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the other figure in this atlas made to go after somebody, with its own specialists and its own rules", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tupilaq" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read about what a label promises — this record's two objects share a name and nothing else", "rel": "story", "from": "tupilaq" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read explaining the restriction on this record", "rel": "story", "from": "tupilaq" }, { "to": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "as": "what the carved figures are cut from: sperm whale tooth, then narwhal and walrus tusk, then antler", "rel": "material", "from": "tupilaq" }, { "to": "dreamcatcher", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dreamcatcher", "as": "the North American parallel — an object that acquired a second life made for outsiders, and an argument about whether that is the same object", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tupilaq" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "the sign it may share an origin with — early ankhs draw the lower bar as two loose ends of a knot, which is what this is", "rel": "kin", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "djed-pillar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Djed pillar", "as": "the sign it is written beside; paired, Egyptologists read the two as the duality of life", "rel": "kin", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "as": "the family it belongs to — a tied thing worn because it is tied", "rel": "motif", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "the other amulet the wrappings required, one organ lower and with a spell cut on it rather than spoken over it", "rel": "kin", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the red stone that stands in for the red jasper Chapter 156 asks for", "rel": "material", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice the sign is a picture of, frozen in stone", "rel": "practice", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice this amulet exists inside, and the reason so many survive", "rel": "practice", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that placed it — and the one case where the tradition's own text says where on the body it goes", "rel": "tradition", "from": "tyet-knot" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign this amulet carries, and the oldest dated member of the family that runs from here to a glass bead in Istanbul", "rel": "motif", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the other amulet Egypt made by the thousand; the scarab went under the wrappings at the heart, the eye over the incision", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "its partner in the wrappings — one guards the body's opening, the other speaks for the dead at the weighing", "rel": "kin", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the material that made it cheap enough to bury by the thousand, and durable enough to still be here", "rel": "material", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the red stone version, cut rather than moulded, and costlier", "rel": "material", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that produced it, on a scale no other ancient practice matches", "rel": "tradition", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "made in the same workshops and strung on the same cords, for life rather than for soundness", "rel": "kin", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the eye answering the eye, four thousand years later and in glass rather than faience", "rel": "parallel", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice that is the reason this amulet survives at all", "rel": "practice", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator who sorted Egypt's amulets into the classes museums still use", "rel": "person", "from": "wedjat-eye" }, { "to": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "as": "the same custom's commonest object by a wide margin — shoe and bottle go into the same chimney, and archaeologists call the deposit a spiritual midden", "rel": "kin", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "the-charm-in-the-wall", "type": "story", "name": "The charm in the wall", "as": "the long read about objects built into houses, which begins with this bottle and the shoe beside it", "rel": "story", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the practice that completes it: Glanvill's first attempt, at the fire, fails; the bottle only works buried", "rel": "practice", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the older, wider habit this belongs to — something put into a building to hold it", "rel": "practice", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "what does the work inside: pins, needles and nails, the same metal English folklore hangs over the door", "rel": "material", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the later body of the object, once stoneware jugs went out of use", "rel": "material", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the same idea fifteen centuries earlier and three thousand miles east — a vessel buried in a house to catch what is coming for the household", "rel": "parallel", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the other buried written object of European magic, and the one aimed outward rather than defensively", "rel": "contrast", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "what hung visibly over the bed while this was hidden under the hearth", "rel": "contrast", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition it belongs to, and the object of that tradition with the best-documented recipe", "rel": "tradition", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "hex-sign", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hex sign", "as": "the other charm in this atlas whose scholarship is an argument between archaeologists and decorators", "rel": "parallel", "from": "witch-bottle" }, { "to": "crystal-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Crystal pendant", "as": "the same stones, sold through the same trade, with the same sourcing argument attached", "rel": "kin", "from": "worry-stone" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the practice this is a single-bead version of — repetition in the hand, without the count", "rel": "practice", "from": "worry-stone" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "the other charm in this atlas that is picked up rather than made", "rel": "parallel", "from": "worry-stone" }, { "to": "phone-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phone charm", "as": "the other thing in a modern pocket that gets touched all day without being looked at", "rel": "parallel", "from": "worry-stone" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "the seed handled the same way, in a tradition that gives the handling a count and a text", "rel": "parallel", "from": "worry-stone" }, { "to": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "as": "one of the stones it is commonly cut from", "rel": "material", "from": "worry-stone" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the same geometry put under the skin instead of onto metal — that is the whole difference, and it changes everything: a plate can be sold, hung, given away or thrown out, a tattoo cannot, and the tattooed version carries rules of conduct the plate does not", "rel": "contrast", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "yantra-word", "type": "term", "name": "yantra", "as": "the word, from a Sanskrit term for a machine, and the road it took to mean a drawn sign", "rel": "same-word", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition that consecrates it and decides who may", "rel": "tradition", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step that makes it work at all, in the practitioners' own account: unenergised, they say, the diagram is lifeless", "rel": "practice", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the making itself — the mantra written into the geometry rather than beside it", "rel": "practice", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the other family of drawn signs that runs on arrangement rather than image", "rel": "motif", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the Jewish parallel: a written square worn or hung, made by a specialist who names what it is for", "rel": "parallel", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "as": "the Himalayan neighbour — a printed deity diagram folded and wrapped in thread rather than hung flat", "rel": "parallel", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "yant-flash", "type": "art", "name": "Yant flash", "as": "the sheets of designs a tattooist works from, which are these diagrams drawn for skin", "rel": "art", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the cheapest support it takes, and the one that lets a temple sell it by the sheet", "rel": "material", "from": "yantra-plate" }, { "to": "illa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Illa", "as": "the object this tradition takes its name from — fed through a hole in the back and set in a pasture, which is the opposite of worn", "rel": "carries", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "its public face: a figure loaded with everything you could want, fed banknotes, grain and a lit cigarette", "rel": "carries", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "the practice at the centre of it — the cavity in the illa's back and the opening in Ekeko's mouth are the same idea in two materials", "rel": "practice", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice that here becomes the rite itself: at Alasitas the purchase and the gift are the claim, not the preparation for one", "rel": "practice", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "where the oldest form of this ends — an object placed in the ground the herd walks over, and a sullu under a house's foundations", "rel": "practice", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the tradition it shares a counter and a calendar with; the Church blesses the Alasitas miniatures at the cathedral at midday on 24 January", "rel": "parallel", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz", "type": "place", "name": "El Mercado de las Brujas", "as": "the market that supplies it year-round, with roughly 60 per cent of the year's trade falling in October", "rel": "place", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Brujas de Gamarra", "as": "the Peruvian counter selling the same herbs, offerings and cleansings, in a garment wholesaling district", "rel": "place", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the body Bolivia's Minister of Cultures nominated Alasitas to in March 2011; Peru declared the feast and its miniatures national heritage in 2016", "rel": "org", "from": "andean-illa-practice" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the object this tradition makes, and the word that names the spirit and the container at once", "rel": "carries", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "the European label applied to these objects from outside, with its own sixteenth-century coastal history", "rel": "term", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "mojo-word", "type": "term", "name": "mojo", "as": "the Kikongo mooyo — the cavity where the charged substances sit — carried to the American South as the name of a bag", "rel": "term", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the practice a thousand miles up the coast that this one is regularly merged with in English, and shouldn't be", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step that makes an assembled container into an nkisi, done in isolation away from the village", "rel": "practice", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "the practice of keeping a charged object working — here, waking it and sometimes enraging it for a task", "rel": "practice", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice worked into the nganga's own clothing, knots being tied to closing up and sealing spiritual forces", "rel": "practice", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "as": "the reflective disc over the cavity and in the eyes, held to be how the nkisi sees into the spirit world", "rel": "motif", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the nails, and the reason the nailed figures can be dated at all", "rel": "material", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this tradition sits at the centre of: purchased, confiscated or removed, and argued over by name since 2018", "rel": "story", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "a holder running a provenance, transparency, repatriation and redress programme over material like this", "rel": "org", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "quai-branly", "type": "org", "name": "Musée du quai Branly — Jacques Chirac", "as": "the Paris holder at the centre of the French restitution debate after the Sarr and Savoy report", "rel": "org", "from": "bakongo-nkisi-craft" }, { "to": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "as": "the oldest dated object in this tradition and the one whose claims read least like a sacramental and most like the thing the Catechism forbids", "rel": "part", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the sacramental that travels, with its promise stamped on it in French and Spanish", "rel": "part", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "miraculous-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "Miraculous Medal", "as": "the one with a documented origin, a named visionary, a goldsmith, a mint date and a billion copies", "rel": "part", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "brown-scapular", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brown Scapular", "as": "the one that is worn as clothing, and the one whose promise is the largest", "rel": "part", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the act that makes an object a sacramental at all: the Church's blessing, by a priest or by a qualified lay person where the ordinary permits", "rel": "practice", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the rosary, which the Church files as a popular devotion rather than as a sacramental, and the beads, which it files as a devotional article", "rel": "practice", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "where most of these objects are acquired and what is done to them there", "rel": "practice", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "ex-voto-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The ex-voto wall", "as": "the other half of the Catholic economy of objects: these are given to the wearer, those are given back to the shrine", "rel": "kin", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "tama-votive", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tama", "as": "the Orthodox counterpart, which does the giving-back in stamped metal", "rel": "parallel", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "ladanka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ladanka", "as": "the Orthodox object worn at the neck beside the cross, blessed the same way and argued over in the same terms", "rel": "parallel", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "what happens to these objects where the Church's line is drawn in one place and the household draws it in another", "rel": "descendant", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the neighbouring tradition, which this one has spent a thousand years defining itself against and borrowing from", "rel": "contrast", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read about words, and the place where the Church's distinction between a sacramental and a charm gets set beside everyone else's", "rel": "story", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "as": "where the argument lives now: a medal on a dashboard, and two accounts of what it is doing there", "rel": "descendant", "from": "catholic-sacramentals" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the object itself: the priest's written slip, and the reason this record prints no script", "rel": "carries", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the peace-and-safety slip, issued over a censer with a name and a birth date rather than written for a private client", "rel": "carries", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the same script cast in metal — fulu opening and closing an inscription that in many cases nobody has yet read", "rel": "carries", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the door-piece whose techniques the tradition is credited with, and the one household object here that works by reflection rather than by writing", "rel": "carries", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "fu-word", "type": "term", "name": "fu", "as": "the two characters this record has to keep apart — 符 the talisman and 福 the fortune pasted upside down at New Year", "rel": "same-word", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "as": "the sign the charm coins carry: a round coin with a square hole, cast, inscribed and read within this tradition", "rel": "motif", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "as": "the other technique it holds — deflection, which needs no script at all", "rel": "motif", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "downstream: the ofuda is this craft's paper slip, carried into Japan through Onmyodo and then put on an administered national footing", "rel": "descendant", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "as": "the other descendant, where the unreadable script arrived in Hanja and the specialists who draw it are mostly women", "rel": "descendant", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material the craft is built on, and the one it burns to deliver a message", "rel": "material", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice at its most restricted — the strokes are the secret, not the intention behind them", "rel": "practice", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where most of this output ends up: a slip, a mirror or a red square on a doorway", "rel": "practice", "from": "chinese-fu-craft" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the shape this tradition made more of than any other, for the living and for the dead", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "its other mass product, and the one that doubled as an office seal", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "the piece it made to argue on a dead person's behalf at a trial", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "the sign everybody knows and the amulet it rarely actually cut", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "as": "the one whose placement its own text specifies, down to the stone", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "djed-pillar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Djed pillar", "as": "the spine it hung at a mummy's neck, and raised as a column at the Sed festival", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "the household half of the tradition — a god who guarded a door and a cradle rather than a tomb", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "as": "its oldest shape, and the one whose sales peaked at the very end", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "cippus-of-horus", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cippus of Horus", "as": "its most textual object: a spell you wash off a stone and drink", "rel": "carries", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the material that made the whole scale of it possible", "rel": "material", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator whose classes museums still label by", "rel": "person", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "the British Museum keeper through whose translations most English readers met the spells", "rel": "person", "from": "egyptian-amulet-craft" }, { "to": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "as": "the object this craft makes, cut to the height of the person it is for", "rel": "carries", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "the material, and the animal that stood in for the patron before it became one", "rel": "material", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice at the centre of it — in this tradition, writing is the power", "rel": "practice", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the neighbouring African Christian mark, made by a tattooist rather than a cleric", "rel": "kin", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition it most resembles in method — scripture written out, folded and carried — across a religious line", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the other scriptural tradition here that writes divine names for protection, and argues about where the line is", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "merkato-addis", "type": "place", "name": "Merkato", "as": "the Addis Ababa market where church goods and scrolls change hands", "rel": "place", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read behind the restriction on this page", "rel": "story", "from": "ethiopian-scroll-craft" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the tradition's one near-universal rule: cold iron turns the thing away, and a horseshoe is the cheapest piece of it a house could get", "rel": "material", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "its most-copied object, and the one whose own carriers argue about which way up it goes", "rel": "carries", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "its best-documented recipe, and the only one it writes down", "rel": "carries", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "as": "its most thoroughly counted object — a worn shoe walled into a chimney or a roof, by the thousand, and never explained in writing by anyone who did it", "rel": "carries", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "the calendar half of it: rushes gathered on 31 January, woven that night, hung on 1 February, taken down and burnt or buried a year later", "rel": "carries", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "the object that shows what the tradition costs — a stone with a hole, found not bought, made by nobody", "rel": "carries", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "its clearest case of a plant used the way iron is used, bound with red thread and kept at a door", "rel": "carries", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "as": "its one charm nobody can choose to acquire, and the one with a documented resale market", "rel": "carries", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the neighbouring tradition, which this one has spent a thousand years borrowing from and being disowned by; a Brigid's cross sits on the line", "rel": "contrast", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the ancient layer underneath, which supplied the word and some of the shapes and none of the households", "rel": "origin", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the man who made this a single subject in English, in 1895, by buying the objects while he wrote about them", "rel": "person", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the collector who proved it was still alive, by taking a mole's foot and a blue bead off London streets in the 1900s rather than reading about the countryside", "rel": "person", "from": "european-folk-apotropaic" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "its loudest object, and the one whose function classicists agree on", "rel": "part", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "its most Roman object, and the one Pliny explains in two words", "rel": "part", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "what a Roman boy wore, from day nine to the toga virilis", "rel": "part", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "as": "what a Roman girl wore, until the eve of her wedding", "rel": "part", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the literate and expensive end of it, cut in stone and written in names nobody can read", "rel": "part", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the same craft aimed the other way, at a named person, and buried", "rel": "contrast", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign the whole practice is organised around, whether it is drawn or substituted for", "rel": "motif", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the substitute Rome preferred, doing the same interception by a different route", "rel": "motif", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "its living descendant in southern Italy — the same look-catching, in red coral", "rel": "descendant", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "holy-rider-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Holy rider pendant", "as": "what the practice turns into once the Mediterranean is Christian: the same grammar, new names", "rel": "descendant", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian who assembled the European evidence for the eye and its substitutes in 1895, and whose groupings museums still use", "rel": "person", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "christopher-faraone", "type": "person", "name": "Christopher A. Faraone", "as": "the scholar of Greek binding spells and love magic, and the reason the curse tablets can be read as a system", "rel": "person", "from": "greco-roman-apotropaic" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "the tradition's cheapest object and its most worn: a seed anybody may string, with no specialist between wearer and bead", "rel": "carries", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "navaratna-ring", "type": "amulet", "name": "Navaratna ring", "as": "its most expensive: nine graded stones set to an astrologer's reading of one person's chart", "rel": "carries", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "its drawn form, and the one that needs a priest to be anything at all", "rel": "carries", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "as": "its household end — no text, no specialist, a lime at a doorstep", "rel": "carries", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "tabiz", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tabiz", "as": "the Muslim neighbour it shares streets and shapes with, and which Hindu wearers borrow with the writing changed to Om", "rel": "kin", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "what the drawn diagram became in mainland Southeast Asia — Indian yantras taken into a tattooing practice with its own rules", "rel": "descendant", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the practice that turns a string into an instrument: 108 and one", "rel": "practice", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step that separates this tradition's formal objects from its household ones", "rel": "practice", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the northern neighbour that took the same diagrams and mantras and put them inside sealed boxes", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "kathmandu-thamel", "type": "place", "name": "Thamel", "as": "the Himalayan street where the tradition's beads and plates reach buyers from outside it", "rel": "place", "from": "hindu-kavacha" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the everyday object of this tradition — folded text in a pouch — and the one the argument is usually had about", "rel": "carries", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the same writing in a North African and Nile container, and the clearest statement of the rule: invoke God, never jinn", "rel": "carries", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "scripture in a metal case worn at the throat, and an object some of this tradition's own authorities say should not exist", "rel": "carries", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the tradition at its most expensive: the whole text scaled up to a garment, worn under armour, surviving from the 15th century", "rel": "carries", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the wafq — the mathematics this tradition turned into an amulet from the 12th century, and tied to the four archangels", "rel": "motif", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign at the centre of it: one of the ninety-nine names, or an angel's, written out and carried", "rel": "motif", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "one of its objects, and the one whose Salafi critics rule against it by name", "rel": "carries", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the late antique ancestor of the medieval Islamic talismanic bowl — the same idea of a vessel you inscribe and drink from, three centuries earlier and in Aramaic", "rel": "origin", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the neighbouring tradition, working the same region, the same materials and the same divine-name technique, and having almost the same internal argument about whether any of it is allowed", "rel": "parallel", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "as": "its closest method-cousin across a religious line: scripture written out, rolled, and carried against the body", "rel": "parallel", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the tradition the gris-gris belongs to as much as to this one — the writing inside is Qur'anic and the maker is a marabout", "rel": "parallel", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "as": "the practice at the sharpest point of the modern argument: dissolving written Qur'an in water is ruled out, writing in a bowl the water washes off is recommended", "rel": "practice", "from": "islamic-talismanic" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the tradition's signature object: a brocade bag nobody opens, replaced every year and burnt at the shrine that issued it", "rel": "carries", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the tablet the whole administered system runs on, from the Ise oshi to the Association of Shinto Shrines", "rel": "carries", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "the object with its own annual market, its own city, and a documented production reason for existing", "rel": "carries", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "as": "the shop-luck end of the tradition, dated from 1852 by a chronicle entry and a Hiroshige print of it being sold at Sensō-ji", "rel": "carries", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the counter where the transaction is a draw rather than a purchase, and the paper is tied up rather than taken home", "rel": "carries", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "teru-teru-bozu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Teru teru bōzu", "as": "the edge case: made at home, by a child, from tissue, with no shrine's name on it and nothing to return", "rel": "contrast", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "the Japanese luck object this tradition did not issue — a thousand stitches from a thousand women, with no priest and no counter anywhere in it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the practice this tradition runs at national scale, and the reason its output is an annual figure rather than a stock", "rel": "practice", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "the other end of that year — an old charm goes back to its own shrine to be burnt, not thrown away", "rel": "practice", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the step that separates an issued charm from a souvenir, and the one priests invoke when they complain about factory stock", "rel": "practice", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "where the paper tablet comes from: the Taoist lingfu, carried into Japan through Onmyodo", "rel": "origin", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "the counter at the scale of 32,000 branch shrines", "rel": "place", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "the approach road the tradition is sold on, licensed by the temple in 1685 in exchange for sweeping the grounds", "rel": "place", "from": "japanese-engimono" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the whole material output of this tradition — the written amulet itself, and the object Emden read Eybeschütz's Sabbateanism out of", "rel": "carries", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the technique this tradition is built on and then restricts: divine and angelic names used for amulets and incantations", "rel": "motif", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the late antique ancestor, and the only part of this practice that survives in bulk — Aramaic bowls written centuries before anyone used the name Kabbalah", "rel": "origin", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the oldest object in the family: silver strips carrying the Priestly Blessing, written to be worn a thousand years before the tradition had a name", "rel": "origin", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the object Maimonides used to state the boundary — a commandment stops being one when it is turned into a talisman for the owner's benefit", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the charm sold under this tradition's name that its own teachers say it has no use for, and for which no text anywhere sets a requirement", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "the material this tradition legislates and accepts no substitute for", "rel": "material", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the other page: metal thin enough to write on and durable enough that the oldest example survives", "rel": "material", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the neighbouring tradition in the same region, working the same divine-name technique on the same materials and having almost the same internal argument about whether it is allowed", "rel": "parallel", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "as": "the other scriptural tradition here that writes holy names to be carried, and argues about where the line falls", "rel": "parallel", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "joseph-naveh", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Naveh", "as": "one of the two editors who made the Aramaic evidence for the ancestor practice readable", "rel": "person", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "shaul-shaked", "type": "person", "name": "Shaul Shaked", "as": "the other, and the scholar who traced how the same formulas cross between this tradition and its neighbours", "rel": "person", "from": "jewish-practical-kabbalah" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the object itself — handed out at the end of a rite and pinned to an inside wall, not bought at a gate", "rel": "carries", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "where the script comes from, and where the reason for its unreadability is stated out loud", "rel": "origin", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the other descendant of the same Taoist stock, which went the opposite way: administered, seal-stamped, sold at a counter and replaced on a calendar", "rel": "parallel", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "dolhareubang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dol hareubang", "as": "the monumental end of Korean threshold-guarding — stone at a gate rather than paper on a wall", "rel": "kin", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "insadong", "type": "place", "name": "Insa-dong", "as": "the Seoul quarter where the printed retail version concentrates", "rel": "place", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice, done indoors: the talisman goes on the inside wall of the house it is for", "rel": "practice", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "Korea's other charm economy, which runs on rice cake and toffee rather than on paper, and which far more people handle", "rel": "parallel", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material, and the only one this tradition needs", "rel": "material", "from": "korean-bujeok-craft" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the tradition's public object — left at the shrine rather than carried home, and the one that decides which saint gets which limb", "rel": "carries", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "its earliest arrival: a jet fist out of Asturias by way of Santiago de Compostela, tied on a Caribbean newborn in the first week", "rel": "carries", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "the local material entering the same kit — a Mexican seed on a red cord, and the object a priest condemned by name", "rel": "carries", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "car-saint", "type": "amulet", "name": "Car saint", "as": "the dashboard end of it, where a devotional medal prints a promise the Catechism warns against", "rel": "carries", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the fist as a sign, carried across the same Iberian route into Brazil and the Caribbean", "rel": "carries", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition this one is defined against: there the Church draws the line, here the household draws it somewhere else", "rel": "origin", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "as": "the same move in another Spanish colony — church forms taken up and worked by people outside the clergy, across the Pacific by the galleon route", "rel": "parallel", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "as": "the tradition it shares a counter with in La Paz and Lima, and the one whose January blessing the Church joins in on", "rel": "parallel", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "ex-voto-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The ex-voto wall", "as": "the format this tradition keeps alive on tin — a painted account of the danger survived, hung where the next petitioner will read it", "rel": "art", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the act most of these objects exist for, and the one the markets are laid out around", "rel": "practice", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "how one is got: an aisle, a tray, a red cord tied on the spot", "rel": "practice", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "the tradition's clearest single address — a building the city put up in 1957 to regulate exactly this trade", "rel": "place", "from": "latin-american-folk-catholic" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "the taonga this record is mostly written from — a treasure whose mana comes, in Austin's phrase, from prolonged ancestral use", "rel": "carries", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the other one the world meets, and the one whose overseas copies the tradition has publicly objected to", "rel": "carries", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "as": "the material that is not a material here: pounamu is an inheritance, occurs only in New Zealand, and has belonged to Ngāi Tahu since 1997", "rel": "material", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "the practice the word itself contains — a taonga gains mana as it passes from one generation to the next", "rel": "practice", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "the museum that states its terms out loud, holds over 200 hei-tiki, and runs the Karanga Aotearoa repatriation programme", "rel": "org", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the rule this record is an application of: a tradition with published protocols of its own gets followed, not summarised", "rel": "story", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this tradition is the sharpest case in — a resin copy made offshore, a statute with a $100,000 fine, and a collection whose sources are on the record", "rel": "story", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the international framework where the community-recognition clause, rather than a list, is the part that does the work here", "rel": "org", "from": "maori-taonga" }, { "to": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "as": "the object at the centre of it — the demon, named and held, on a thing you can hang", "rel": "part", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "the counter-power, cast by the thousand and worn at the neck", "rel": "part", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "what this tradition becomes after the cuneiform stops: the same method in Aramaic ink, buried under the floor", "rel": "descendant", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the neighbouring workshop tradition, which made more objects and named fewer demons", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "Egypt's household guardian, compared to Pazuzu by scholars on iconography and on function alike", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the Mediterranean tradition that inherits the threshold logic and drops the demon's name", "rel": "descendant", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the hand of Ishtar, used in Mesopotamia and Babylon against evil or disease entering a building, is one of the antecedents claimed for it", "rel": "descendant", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice this tradition is built on: put the guard where the thing gets in", "rel": "practice", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the other placement — under the floor rather than on the wall", "rel": "practice", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "one of the collections where these objects can be seen", "rel": "org", "from": "mesopotamian-apotropaic" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the tradition's central object, and the one whose price is a monk's name and a temple's date", "rel": "carries", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "its oldest strand — rolled metal or palm-leaf, made here before Buddhism arrived and by monks from 1200–1300 CE", "rel": "carries", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the same craft with the object removed: the yant goes into skin, and the rules stay on the person", "rel": "carries", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "as": "the piece of the kit that can go where the Buddha may not — a bar, a gambling house, a brothel", "rel": "carries", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "yant-flash", "type": "art", "name": "Yant flash", "as": "the drawn sheets the practitioners work from, and the rules that come attached to them", "rel": "art", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step this tradition prices by: a week to several years of chanting, and the consecrating monk's name as provenance", "rel": "practice", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "as": "the practice that holds the lineages, the refusals and the annual renewal at Wat Bang Phra", "rel": "practice", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice at its most monetised anywhere in this atlas — loupe, certificate, forgery, and a twenty-billion-baht year on the record", "rel": "practice", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "tha-phrachan", "type": "place", "name": "Tha Phrachan amulet market", "as": "the market this tradition's economy runs through, beside Thammasat University in Bangkok", "rel": "place", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "where the geometry comes from: the Indian yantra, arriving through the Khmer Empire and staying under a Thai name", "rel": "origin", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "yantra-word", "type": "term", "name": "yantra", "as": "the word at the other end of that journey, shortened to yant", "rel": "term", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on authentication, which is a standing cost of doing business in this tradition rather than an occasional scandal", "rel": "story", "from": "thai-wicha" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the container this tradition is best known by, and the one that keeps its contents out of sight", "rel": "carries", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "as": "what a lama actually makes: the drawn, consecrated, folded amulet the box exists to hold", "rel": "carries", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "its public form — the same mantras printed and left to the wind instead of sealed to a body", "rel": "carries", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "as": "the object it received rather than made, and values as inherited", "rel": "carries", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the southern tradition its diagrams and mantras come out of", "rel": "origin", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "as": "the shamanic practice on the other side of the taiga-steppe line in Mongolia, which the Buddhist side has lived beside for centuries", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step it reserves to the initiated, and the reason an empty box is not an amulet", "rel": "practice", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "its default: the amulet is folded, boxed, and not opened", "rel": "practice", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "barkhor-lhasa", "type": "place", "name": "The Barkhor", "as": "the circuit its objects are worn on and sold beside", "rel": "place", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "kathmandu-thamel", "type": "place", "name": "Thamel", "as": "the street where its objects meet buyers from outside it", "rel": "place", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the statement of why this record has gaps in it on purpose", "rel": "story", "from": "tibetan-protection" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the object this tradition is best known abroad by, and the one that crossed the Atlantic under its own name", "rel": "carries", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "akuaba-figure", "type": "amulet", "name": "Akua'ba", "as": "the Akan carving in the same region, made for a wish rather than against a harm", "rel": "carries", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "as": "the shells this tradition casts to get answers, and wears for fertility and luck", "rel": "carries", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "tuareg-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agadez cross", "as": "the Saharan silver worn at the northern edge of the same trade routes, and called a grigri by some of its wearers", "rel": "kin", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "juju-word", "type": "term", "name": "juju", "as": "the Hausa-derived word English took, and what it covers and does not", "rel": "term", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "gris-gris-word", "type": "term", "name": "gris-gris", "as": "the Mande word, and its change of meaning between Dakar, Port-au-Prince and New Orleans", "rel": "term", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "the European label stuck on this whole region's objects from the sixteenth century on, and the market in Lomé that now carries it as a name", "rel": "term", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition the gris-gris strand belongs to as much as to this one — the writing is Qur'anic and the maker is a marabout", "rel": "parallel", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "as": "the Central African practice it is regularly confused with, and shouldn't be: different peoples, different specialists, different objects", "rel": "contrast", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "akodessewa-market", "type": "place", "name": "Akodessawa fetish market", "as": "the Lomé market that sells this tradition's raw materials in the open", "rel": "place", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice at the centre of the Muslim strand: the verse is the charm and the sack is the carrier", "rel": "practice", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice the sources describe without embarrassment — fees are set, and they scale with the client", "rel": "practice", "from": "west-african-charm-craft" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "the same object seen from the other side: the winged phallus that the Roman bell hangs from", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "bell" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the sign the Roman bell is usually cut in, which is why these chimes ended up in a museum's locked room", "rel": "motif", "from": "bell" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean written charm made in the same tradition as the bells, by the same practitioners", "rel": "kin", "from": "bell" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the Roman half of this record belongs to entirely", "rel": "practice", "from": "bell" }, { "to": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "as": "the metal both halves are cast in, bronze at Pompeii and brass in Seoul", "rel": "material", "from": "bell" }, { "to": "san-gregorio-armeno", "type": "place", "name": "Via San Gregorio Armeno", "as": "the Naples street a few minutes from the museum that holds these chimes, still selling small cast figures", "rel": "place", "from": "bell" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the object this sign is the shape of — the charm in the tray", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "hung on the same walls and sold from the same shelf, and appearing on lock charms as a design", "rel": "kin", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the other Chinese thing tied round a child's neck for safety", "rel": "kin", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the drawn Taoist talisman; some coin charms are cast as imperial decrees in the same voice", "rel": "kin", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "Taoist charms carry writing meant to command rather than to be read, which is a different use of script from this one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the square hole is called an eye in Chinese, which is a pun and not this atlas's eye family", "rel": "contrast", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition that casts, inscribes and reads them", "rel": "tradition", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "as": "the alloy that gave the charm its weight and therefore its value", "rel": "material", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "challenge-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Challenge coin", "as": "the modern coin carried for belonging rather than for luck, and the nearest living parallel outside Asia", "rel": "parallel", "from": "coin-square" }, { "to": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "as": "the amulet itself — the gold crescent a Roman girl was given", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "crescent" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "the boy's locket, given at birth where the girl got this; the pair is the clearest gendered split in Roman charms", "rel": "contrast", "from": "crescent" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the other two-pointed sign of the Mediterranean, and the one this is most often mistaken for", "rel": "contrast", "from": "crescent" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "the Neapolitan silver sprig that grows a crescent moon on one of its branches", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "crescent" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal the crescent is tied to through Luna in the alchemical scheme", "rel": "material", "from": "crescent" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm Roman amulets were worn against, this one included", "rel": "parallel", "from": "crescent" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition that fixed it as a child's charm", "rel": "tradition", "from": "crescent" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the cross put in the skin rather than on a chain, at the inside of the right wrist", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "the cross woven from rushes on 1 February and hung in the rafters", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "tuareg-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agadez cross", "as": "the Saharan pendant called a cross in French and something else in Tamashek", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "two twigs of rowan bound crosswise, which is a cross made of the material's power rather than the shape's", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "the crux ansata — the same figure with a loop, and a meaning Egypt fixed long before Rome", "rel": "kin", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "fish", "type": "motif", "name": "The fish", "as": "the sign the cross succeeded as the emblem of Christianity in the second century", "rel": "descendant", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "the bent-armed cross, filed separately here because its twentieth-century history is not the cross's", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "st-christopher-medal", "type": "amulet", "name": "St Christopher medal", "as": "the mass-produced Catholic metal the cross now shares a neck with", "rel": "kin", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition that governs what a blessed cross is and is not", "rel": "tradition", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal the Agadez smiths cast it in, by lost wax and never hammered", "rel": "material", "from": "cross" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the doorpost case with Shaddai written on the outside of its parchment", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "the straps whose knots spell the same name with the box's shin", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the Jewish written amulet this tradition's restrictions are about", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the folded Islamic amulet the names and verses are written on", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "the verse worn as an object, most often Ayat al-Kursi", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the Taoist sheet whose script is meant not to be legible", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese descendant of that script, and bujeok is the Korean one", "rel": "descendant", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "Abraxas stones — the oldest surviving objects here that carry a name and little else", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "regularly paired with the names in Islamic practice, and a different kind of writing", "rel": "kin", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "as": "the neighbouring practice: writing that works by its shape rather than by whose name it is", "rel": "contrast", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "as": "the practice of drinking the writing, which follows from the name being the active part", "rel": "practice", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition that names this technique and then restricts it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "divine-name" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the oldest dated amulet in this family, and the one that fixes the sign's shape for three thousand years", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the sign as a glass bead, which is the form most of the world now buys it in", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the hand that usually has this eye set in its palm — two signs stacked on one object", "rel": "kin", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the substitute sign in southern Italy, doing the same interception with a different shape", "rel": "parallel", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "another substitute: a gesture frozen in coral or jet, aimed at the same look", "rel": "parallel", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the Roman substitute — the fascinum caught the glance meant for the child", "rel": "parallel", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "as": "South Asia's answer to the same harm, hung in a doorway instead of worn", "rel": "parallel", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read that follows this sign across four continents and asks what travelled and what was invented twice", "rel": "story", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian who catalogued the sign across Europe in 1895 and is still the reason many of these objects are grouped together", "rel": "person", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the material that turned the sign into something a market could sell by the tray", "rel": "material", "from": "eye" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the sign that succeeded the fish as the emblem of Christianity from the second century", "rel": "descendant", "from": "fish" }, { "to": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "as": "the sixth-century amulet carries both — two fish on one face, the Sator square on the other", "rel": "kin", "from": "fish" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the Chinese fish-shaped charm, worn mainly by infants and young children", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "fish" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the Māori fish hook, which is a different object with its own account and no line to either of these", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fish" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "one of the shapes that sprouts from the Neapolitan silver sprig is a fish", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "fish" }, { "to": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "as": "the shape the Chinese fish charm departs from — the round coin with the square hole", "rel": "parallel", "from": "fish" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the fish spells a name; it belongs with the written charms as much as with the animal ones", "rel": "kin", "from": "fish" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the amulet itself, cut in jet and put on a baby in Asturias and Brazil", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the sign it is welded to on the Roman fist-and-phallus pendants soldiers carried", "rel": "kin", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the wider family of hand signs; this is the closed one", "rel": "whole", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "open-palm", "type": "motif", "name": "The open palm", "as": "the other hand, flat and public, aimed at the same harm from the opposite posture", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm all of this is aimed at — the fist is one of the shapes that takes the look", "rel": "parallel", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "as": "the black stone Asturias cuts it from, and the reason so many survive", "rel": "material", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the Spanish jet charm the figa is the commonest form of", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "Naples reaches for a horn where Asturias reaches for a fist", "rel": "parallel", "from": "fist" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "in Buddhism that sign stands for these footprints — the two records are one object seen twice", "rel": "kin", "from": "footprint" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the small Thai tablet the footprint's country presses by the million; the same tradition, at hand size", "rel": "kin", "from": "footprint" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the other body part sold small and left at a shrine, for the opposite reason", "rel": "contrast", "from": "footprint" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the practice the large footprints belong to — you travel to them rather than wear them", "rel": "practice", "from": "footprint" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the tradition that keeps Phra Phutthabat and presses its amulets", "rel": "tradition", "from": "footprint" }, { "to": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "as": "what the portable Lanna versions are made of — teak, with mother of pearl and glass", "rel": "material", "from": "footprint" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the neighbouring Buddhist tradition, which carries its marks in boxes rather than in stone", "rel": "parallel", "from": "footprint" }, { "to": "open-palm", "type": "motif", "name": "The open palm", "as": "the flat five-fingered posture, and the one most of the world now buys", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the closed posture — a rude gesture cast in silver and hung on a baby", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the amulet this sign is named for across North Africa and the Middle East", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign usually set in this one's palm; two answers to the same harm stacked on one object", "rel": "kin", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the Iberian and Brazilian hand, carved in jet and given to children", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "Naples pairs the horn with the mano cornuta, a hand held with two fingers out", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "a tin hand nailed to a votive wall asks for a hand to be healed — the same shape doing the opposite job", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the glass bead this hand is sold beside, and is often set into", "rel": "kin", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read that puts hand, horn and eye in one family and asks whether they belong there", "rel": "story", "from": "hand" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the amulet itself — the twisted coral horn in a Neapolitan window", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm it is aimed at, and the sign it stands in for in southern Italy", "rel": "parallel", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "the red material that gives the Neapolitan horn its colour and half its story", "rel": "material", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "crescent", "type": "motif", "name": "The crescent", "as": "the other two-pointed sign in the Mediterranean, and one it is regularly confused with", "rel": "contrast", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the mano cornuta makes the same horn out of two fingers", "rel": "kin", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "phallic-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The phallus", "as": "the Roman answer to the same harm; the horn's phallic outline is one reading of why it works", "rel": "origin", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "san-gregorio-armeno", "type": "place", "name": "Via San Gregorio Armeno", "as": "the Naples street where it is sold by the hundred, beside the crib figures", "rel": "place", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "the Neapolitan silver sprig that hangs a crescent and a snake and a key on one stalk", "rel": "kin", "from": "horn" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "the sign English calls the key of life, on the strength of its meaning and not its shape", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "key" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "the compound charm that carries a key alongside a dagger, a blossom and a moon", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "key" }, { "to": "quiapo-church", "type": "place", "name": "Quiapo Church", "as": "where the crossed keys sit on the pediment, over a plaza full of charm sellers", "rel": "place", "from": "key" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the other Catholic sign that travelled into Vodou by the same route of matched functions", "rel": "parallel", "from": "key" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice this sign points at, even where no key is actually hung", "rel": "practice", "from": "key" }, { "to": "patua", "type": "amulet", "name": "Patuá", "as": "the other Atlantic charm made where Catholic imagery and an African pantheon meet", "rel": "kin", "from": "key" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read on borrowed names, which is what the key of life is", "rel": "story", "from": "key" }, { "to": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "as": "the Egyptian amulet this sign is cut as, in red jasper at the mummy's neck", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "as": "the knot reduced to one strand and one wrist", "rel": "kin", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "twisted red and white yarn with a date to put it on and a bird that says take it off", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "rushes woven on 1 February and pinned in the rafters for the year", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "a thousand knots, one woman each, sewn into a belt for a soldier", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice — the hands, the count, the moment it is tied", "rel": "practice", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "what most of these are made of, and the reason so few old ones survive", "rel": "material", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "corn-dolly", "type": "amulet", "name": "Corn dolly", "as": "the other European straw-work, made from the last sheaf rather than for a saint's day", "rel": "parallel", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "one of the seven shapes the National Museum of Ireland sorts Brigid's crosses into is the bent-armed cross", "rel": "kin", "from": "knot" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "the household god Romano reads as a lion rearing on its hind legs in its earliest form", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "as": "a hippopotamus with a crocodile's tail and a lioness's paws — the sign borrowed onto another animal", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "as": "the lion head on the demon rather than on the guard, which is what makes this family two-sided", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "the Mesopotamian half of the documented contact: five of these were found beside a Bes amulet at Nimrud", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "where the lion head ends up in late antiquity, stacked with a cock's head and serpent legs on the same figure", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "as": "the neighbouring sign: this one borrows the predator's face, that one carries the predator's parts", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "serpent", "type": "motif", "name": "The serpent", "as": "what the lion-headed figure stands on and what its legs turn into on the gems", "rel": "kin", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "whose description of the Abraxas figure is the reason the lion head on these gems is read as Ra or Mithras", "rel": "person", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "as": "the tradition that fixed the lion-headed demon and the lion-parted guard against her", "rel": "tradition", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the other tradition in the pair, and the one whose objects turned up in Iran", "rel": "tradition", "from": "lion" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the Jewish amulet that is a square of letters and numbers, from the tradition Abraham ibn Ezra fed into", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the folded Islamic amulet a wafq is most often written on", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the garment magic squares get painted onto, alongside Qur'anic text", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "Narayana Pandit gives constructing yantra as one reason to study these squares", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "as": "the other square on a charm — letters instead of numbers, and its own separate history", "rel": "parallel", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "in Islamic practice the square is regularly paired with the names of God and of the archangels", "rel": "kin", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition that turned the mathematics into amulets, from the 13th century onward", "rel": "tradition", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition that took the 3×3 from Abraham ibn Ezra's numerology", "rel": "tradition", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "what most of them are written on, which is why almost none survive from before the modern period", "rel": "material", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice — the square only works, in every one of these traditions, once somebody writes it out", "rel": "practice", "from": "magic-square" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the Chinese object itself — trigrams round a disc, fixed above a door", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "toli-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Toli", "as": "the Mongolian and Buryat shaman's mirror, worn on the body rather than fixed to a building", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the other sign whose stated mechanism is sending a look back where it came from", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the bagua mirror belongs to, and the one that makes it a neighbour's problem", "rel": "practice", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "coin-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The square hole", "as": "sold from the same shelf, and appearing on Chinese lock charms as a design", "rel": "kin", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "ongon", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ongon", "as": "the Mongolian spirit-figure the same shamans keep; the mirror houses helper spirits too", "rel": "kin", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition the bagua mirror's mirror techniques belong to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the contrast the toli sets up: this is armour worn on the outside, where it can be seen", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mirror-sign" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the amulet itself — this record is the sign, that record is the object in the tray", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "open-palm" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the wider family of hand signs, of which this is the open posture", "rel": "whole", "from": "open-palm" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign set in this palm more often than any other", "rel": "kin", "from": "open-palm" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the other hand, closed and obscene, aimed at the same harm", "rel": "contrast", "from": "open-palm" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "in Jewish use the palm reads as the letter shin, for Shaddai — a hand that is also a name", "rel": "parallel", "from": "open-palm" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead it is most often sold with, and often set with", "rel": "kin", "from": "open-palm" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal the Maghreb casts it in", "rel": "material", "from": "open-palm" }, { "to": "abracadabra", "type": "term", "name": "abracadabra", "as": "the word itself, with its own etymology file and its own arguments", "rel": "term", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the other square on a charm — numbers instead of letters, and a different history entirely", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "Abraxas stones carry the word, and are the earliest objects it is found on", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "fish", "type": "motif", "name": "The fish", "as": "the sixth-century Sator amulet has two fish on its other face and ICHTHUS written above the square", "rel": "kin", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the neighbouring practice: writing that works because of whose name it is, rather than because of its shape", "rel": "contrast", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "what the triangle was written on and worn at the neck", "rel": "material", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice — in several of these cures the writing is eaten, which is as far as inscribing goes", "rel": "practice", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "as": "the related practice of taking the writing into the body, here by eating bread and cheese instead of drinking ink", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition that carried the Sator square from a Pompeian gymnasium wall to a Pennsylvania farmhouse", "rel": "tradition", "from": "palindrome-word" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "the Roman amulet itself — the winged bronze in the tray", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "as": "Thailand's carved phallus, worn at the waist, with its own tradition behind it and no line of descent from Rome that this project can show", "rel": "parallel", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the hand fused to the shaft on the soldiers' fist-and-phallus pendants", "rel": "kin", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm it is aimed at, and in Roman art the thing it is drawn attacking", "rel": "parallel", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "bell", "type": "motif", "name": "The bell", "as": "the tintinnabulum hung a phallus and bells together at a Roman doorway", "rel": "kin", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "southern Italy's later substitute — a shape that catches a glance without the obscenity", "rel": "descendant", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "the locket a Roman boy wore, which is where a phallus was often put", "rel": "kin", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition this sign sits at the centre of", "rel": "tradition", "from": "phallic-sign" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the amulet itself — the scarlet wool on a wrist", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "the Balkan version, with a date to put it on and a bird that says take it off", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "as": "the wider family: a charm whose working part is that somebody tied it", "rel": "whole", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the material, and the reason almost none of these survive in a museum drawer", "rel": "material", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "the commandment Rabbi Abraham Saba proposed the string as a reminder of, in the 1490s", "rel": "origin", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition the string is popularly attached to, and which several Kabbalists say has no use for it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the body whose Representative List carries the martenitsa and the mărțișor", "rel": "org", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the practice the Balkan thread runs on: a start date, a sign, an end", "rel": "practice", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the other thing sold off a tray in Jerusalem and Istanbul for the same stated harm", "rel": "parallel", "from": "red-thread" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the amulet and seal itself, which is the sign's body", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "the large one laid at the heart, inscribed to keep the heart from speaking against its owner", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the other sign Egypt made by the thousand; the eye went over the incision, the beetle at the heart", "rel": "contrast", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the glazed quartz paste that made it cheap enough to bury in quantity", "rel": "material", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the red hardstone version, cut rather than moulded", "rel": "material", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that produced it at industrial scale", "rel": "tradition", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice that makes the base matter more than the back", "rel": "practice", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator whose typology of scarabs is still how museums sort them", "rel": "person", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on authentication, which has a chapter's worth of scarabs in it", "rel": "story", "from": "scarab-sign" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "the Neapolitan silver sprig that grows a snake on one of its branches, beside a key and a crescent", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the engraved stones that carry snakes, snake-legged figures and serpent-haired heads", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the other sign that is both the harm and the answer to it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "as": "the snake is almost always coiled around one — Eden, the Hesperides, Yggdrasil, the Bodhi tree", "rel": "kin", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "as": "the animal reduced to its dangerous part; the serpent is kept whole instead", "rel": "contrast", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "lion", "type": "motif", "name": "The lion", "as": "the other guardian animal set at doorways, and the one Egypt paired Wadjet with as Sekhmet", "rel": "parallel", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the guardian snake belongs to, in stone rather than in metal", "rel": "practice", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "one of the living traditions that names and serves serpent figures, and which speaks for itself rather than through this record", "rel": "tradition", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition the German house snake and the Neapolitan silver snake both belong to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "serpent" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the only object in this atlas where the spiral is load-bearing: the words follow it inward and the demon follows the words", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "carries the sign as a tail — the curl below the eye that Wilkinson traces to a cheetah's markings", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "the neighbouring turning sign, and the one whose Avar banner version is recorded as a double spiral", "rel": "kin", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the other thing a Greek put on a shield, which is how this record reads the triskeles blazon", "rel": "parallel", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "as": "the family this sign is filed under: a line that turns back on itself and does not let go", "rel": "kin", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "what the spiral is made of in the bowls — the shape exists only as writing there", "rel": "material", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "terracotta", "type": "material", "name": "Fired clay", "as": "the surface that kept the spiral legible for fourteen centuries", "rel": "material", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the practice the bowls belong to: face down, under each corner of the house", "rel": "practice", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read on signs that recur without a route, which this one is a clean example of", "rel": "story", "from": "spiral" }, { "to": "the-swastika-problem", "type": "story", "name": "The swastika problem", "as": "the long read this record hands off to: two histories, one shape, and what a catalogue owes each", "rel": "story", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the unbent figure, which this atlas files separately because the twentieth century is not shared", "rel": "contrast", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "footprint", "type": "motif", "name": "The footprint", "as": "in Buddhism this sign IS the footprint's mark — the two records are one object seen twice", "rel": "kin", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "the National Museum of Ireland sorts one whole class of these woven crosses as the bent-armed type", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "Chinese charms that carry the wan character, multiplying the wish by ten thousand", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "sold at Japanese temples whose map symbol is this sign", "rel": "kin", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "Tibetan and Bon material carries the left-facing yungdrung", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "spiral", "type": "motif", "name": "The spiral", "as": "the other rotating figure, and the one it is often grouped with in prehistoric assemblages", "rel": "parallel", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on who gets to say what a sign means, which this record is the hardest case for", "rel": "story", "from": "swastika-sign" }, { "to": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "as": "the Arctic class this sign belongs to, described by its holders rather than by its material", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "tooth", "type": "material", "name": "Tooth, tusk and claw", "as": "the material file — tooth, tusk and claw, and what keeps them intact in the ground", "rel": "material", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "Illyrians used animal teeth against the same harm the eye is aimed at, in the same substitution set", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the other piece of an animal worn for what the animal could do", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "as": "the same logic reduced to a keyring, and the one everybody in the anglophone world has seen", "rel": "kin", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the amulet collection the wolf tooth sits in, catalogued and published online", "rel": "held-at", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "wellcome-lovett", "type": "place", "name": "The Lovett charms at Wellcome Collection", "as": "the collection the wolf tooth came from before 1985", "rel": "origin", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "as": "the neighbouring material, and what a whale tooth is filed as once it is carved", "rel": "material", "from": "tooth-and-claw" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "the charm cut from the tree at the gate, which is this sign reduced to two sticks and a thread", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the paper fortune that ends its life knotted to a pine, on a pun between the tree and the verb to wait", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "djed-pillar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Djed pillar", "as": "the sign as a pillar: Neumann's tree fetish, in a country that had to import its timber", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "as": "the same thing felled — where the tree becomes a material and the rules about which parts may be cut begin", "rel": "material", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "the sea animal the Talmud files among trees, and Rashi calls a tree that grows underwater", "rel": "kin", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "cloth strung between high points, doing at a mountain pass what the tied fortune does at a pine", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the rowan belongs to: the sign is placed at the threshold, not worn", "rel": "practice", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "seed", "type": "material", "name": "Seed and nut", "as": "how a flying rowan gets into the fork of an oak — the potency came from a bird's droppings", "rel": "material", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read on signs that recur across unrelated traditions, which this record answers with three different verdicts", "rel": "story", "from": "tree" }, { "to": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "as": "the other fossil that holds a charge when rubbed; what the trade sells as black amber is jet", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amber" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "the other organic charm traded the length of a continent and hung on children", "rel": "parallel", "from": "amber" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "one of the things amber has been imitated with, alongside copal, kauri gum and celluloid", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amber" }, { "to": "worry-stone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Worry stone", "as": "a charm that works by being rubbed — which is also the gesture that wakes amber's charge", "rel": "parallel", "from": "amber" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition the teething necklace belongs to, and still sells into", "rel": "tradition", "from": "amber" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read this material lands squarely in: the commonest amber charm goes on an infant", "rel": "story", "from": "amber" }, { "to": "crystal-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Crystal pendant", "as": "its shelf-mate in the present-day stone trade, sold on a claim about the substance itself", "rel": "parallel", "from": "amber" }, { "to": "tooth", "type": "material", "name": "Tooth, tusk and claw", "as": "the same body, one step along: a tusk is a tooth, and the Pacific charms cut from whale ivory are both records at once", "rel": "kin", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "as": "carved from wood, metal, bone, horn or ivory by monks who specialise in it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "pressed with bone, ash, hair and relics worked into the body of the tablet", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "tupilaq", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tupilaq", "as": "made from bone, skin, hair and sinew, and in the accounts that survive from human remains too", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the hook cut from bone as readily as from pounamu", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "as": "the Arctic charm cut from what the hunt provided, which is the whole of the material argument here", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "as": "the same logic at the cheap end: a part of an animal, kept because it was part of an animal", "rel": "parallel", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "nagpra", "type": "org", "name": "The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act", "as": "the United States law that governs human remains and funerary objects in collections, and therefore some of this material", "rel": "org", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "as": "the other material taken from a body, and the one that does not survive as well", "rel": "kin", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read for objects whose trade is now illegal and whose display is argued about", "rel": "story", "from": "bone-ivory" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the eye ground out of this stone rather than pressed from paste — the costlier half of the same tray", "rel": "material", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "sard is named as a stone of Egyptian and Phoenician scarabs, engraved on the flat underside", "rel": "material", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the Greek and Roman engraved gem, for which this stone's refusal to hold hot wax made it the seal-cutter's default", "rel": "material", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the Islamic amulet whose makers argue from the stone itself — rarity, price, and a prophetic seal worn on the right little finger", "rel": "material", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition that states its materials doctrine out loud, and puts carnelian near the top of it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the workshops that cut this stone alongside the moulds that undercut it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the cheap answer to this stone: quartz paste, moulded and glazed to look like something mined", "rel": "contrast", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "as": "the other stone Egypt's kilns were asked to counterfeit in glaze", "rel": "parallel", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the later imitation, poured rather than ground, and sold by the tray", "rel": "contrast", "from": "carnelian" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the garment that is the charm, and the record that says in one sentence how much older the tradition may be than its oldest surviving example", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the West African cloth pouch of written verses and herbs, and the ancestor of the American bagged charm", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "a thousand stitches by a thousand women, 15 cm by 90 to 120 cm, and a soldier who may or may not have believed in it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "paper or wood first, brocade bag afterwards — the cloth here is the wrapper, not the charm", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "cloth hung to weather rather than worn, strung top-edge to a thread from high to low", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "what cloth is made of, and what does the work when the count matters more than the fabric", "rel": "material", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "as": "the other thing curse tablets took from a person: hair, or a piece of their clothing", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the practice that hides a charm inside a garment, where the cloth is both container and concealment", "rel": "practice", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "why so few of these were ever seen, let alone collected", "rel": "practice", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on why this atlas's timeline is made of stone, metal and fired clay", "rel": "story", "from": "cloth" }, { "to": "charm-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Chinese charm coin", "as": "the object this metal made possible in bulk: a cast coin that was never legal tender and circulated anyway", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "tuareg-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agadez cross", "as": "the Saharan pendant whose plainer forms are cut from copper where the silver ones are cast by lost wax", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "cast in bronze for the cases that mattered most, and prescribed by name in the Uruk texts", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "bronze before it was iron: the Etruscan tomb of c. 400 BCE and the cast shoes of c. 1000 CE both predate the iron ones", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the metal copper is always measured against, and the one that rusts and gets reforged out of the record", "rel": "contrast", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the grade above it — in a Han burial suit the wire says who you were", "rel": "contrast", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "as": "the other base metal beaten into inscribed sheets, used for the curses rather than the guards", "rel": "contrast", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice that put a measured bronze disc in a dead person's mouth", "rel": "practice", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "where copper is a colour instead of a shape: the pigment that makes Egyptian blue-green", "rel": "material", "from": "copper" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the horn cut from this material, and the reason Naples has a coral trade at all", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the Puerto Rican child's bracelet, whose fist is black jet or red coral", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the same closed fist with the thumb through, cut in coral where coral is to hand", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the sign this material is most often cut into around the Mediterranean", "rel": "motif", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "fist", "type": "motif", "name": "The fig fist", "as": "the other sign it is cut into, for the same harm and the same wearer", "rel": "motif", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "as": "coral's black opposite in the same bracelet: one red, one black, both on the same infant", "rel": "parallel", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "amber", "type": "material", "name": "Amber", "as": "the other organic material traded far from where it is found and hung on children", "rel": "parallel", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read: nearly every coral charm named here goes on a baby", "rel": "story", "from": "coral" }, { "to": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "as": "the strung form of this shell, and the amulet most of the world means when it says cowrie", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the cowroid is the Egyptian seal amulet that copies this shell, cut the way a scarab is cut", "rel": "parallel", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the paste Egypt used to counterfeit the shell once the shell itself was scarce", "rel": "material", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the tradition where this shell is charm, currency and divining instrument at once", "rel": "tradition", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "akodessewa-market", "type": "place", "name": "Akodessawa fetish market", "as": "a West African market where shells and animal parts are sold for exactly these uses", "rel": "place", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice that puts cowries around a girl's skull, and the reason we have any from 4000 BCE", "rel": "practice", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the West African charm packet whose contents and whose route out of Africa run alongside this shell's", "rel": "kin", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read for a material whose supply history is the Atlantic slave trade", "rel": "story", "from": "cowrie" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the amulet this material made cheap enough to bury by the thousand, and durable enough to still be here", "rel": "material", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the form the sources name first when they say what faience was mostly used for", "rel": "material", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "ankh-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ankh amulet", "as": "moulded in the same workshops, off the same kind of clay mould", "rel": "material", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "a moulded figure whose survival in quantity is a fact about the paste, not about how many Bes charms Egypt wore", "rel": "material", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "as": "the Sinai stone this glaze was coloured to stand in for", "rel": "contrast", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "made in the same New Kingdom workshops, from close to the same recipe, at a higher temperature", "rel": "kin", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the cut stone the moulded copy competed with, and undercut", "rel": "contrast", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition this material industrialised", "rel": "tradition", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator who sorted the moulded output into the classes museums still shelve it by", "rel": "person", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on why a material that survives distorts every date in this atlas", "rel": "story", "from": "faience" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead this material was invented for, and the form most of the world now buys the eye in", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign glass carries better than any other material, because a dot of colour set in a dot of colour is what glass does easily", "rel": "motif", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the Egyptian amulet that shared a string with the first spotted glass beads, from the thirteenth century BCE", "rel": "kin", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the near relation: the same quartz and alkali, only partly fused, porous where glass is solid", "rel": "contrast", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "terracotta", "type": "material", "name": "Fired clay", "as": "the other fired material, and the other reason this atlas can date anything at all", "rel": "parallel", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the English charm that changed material under the practice: stoneware jug first, glass bottle later, same buried job", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "made chiefly in terracotta, but glass is one of the six materials the heads turn up in", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the factory descendant, which this atlas describes in the same words as a lampworked bead", "rel": "descendant", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "the counter where the bead reaches most of its buyers now", "rel": "place", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on what a mass-produced charm is, which the glass bead is the largest case of", "rel": "story", "from": "glass" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "gold for the families that could pay for gold, lead and leather for the rest — the same charm, sorted by price", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "lunula", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lunula", "as": "defined in the sources as a little hanging gold bulla in the likeness of the moon", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "made in gold, silver, tin, lead, wood, bone or wax, according to local custom and what the giver has", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "as": "the material that outranked gold at the Chinese court, and demoted it to the thread holding a burial suit together", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal one step down, and the one most of the world's amulets are actually made of", "rel": "kin", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "as": "the poor man's bulla, named as such in the same sentence", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition whose charms for children this metal grades", "rel": "tradition", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the engraved stone that was set in gold when the owner could manage it", "rel": "kin", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on value, ownership and what happens to a charm worth melting", "rel": "story", "from": "gold" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "where the theory is written down: hair carries the ousia, the essence, and makes the sheet point at one person", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the container that preserved the only analysed strand in this atlas, corked under a Cornish threshold", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the West African bagged charm whose American descendants take hair among their ingredients", "rel": "kin", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "cloth", "type": "material", "name": "Cloth", "as": "the other component curse tablets took from a person's body — a piece of clothing, doing the same pointing job", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the other material that leaves no museum tray, and for the same reason", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "as": "the sheet the hair was folded into, and the half of the pair that survived", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the practice of enclosing, which is the only thing done to this material", "rel": "practice", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "how a hair charm is delivered: the farthest corner of the property, or under the hearth", "rel": "practice", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on why the timeline in this atlas looks the way it does, which this record is the extreme case of", "rel": "story", "from": "hair" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "a sprig of rue cast in silver: the plant kept as a shape once the plant itself had rotted", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "as": "South Asia's hung plant charm, doing at a doorway what the Italian chili string does", "rel": "parallel", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the West African sack of written verse and herbs, and the parent of the American bagged charm", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the only sealed container in this atlas whose herbal contents were ever named by a laboratory", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "the market where this material is still weighed, priced and argued over", "rel": "place", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "quiapo-church", "type": "place", "name": "Quiapo Church", "as": "the other place where herb selling runs against the law, and the reason this record's last paragraph exists", "rel": "place", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "the tree whose berries were permitted and whose wood was not, except for ritual", "rel": "kin", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "seed", "type": "material", "name": "Seed and nut", "as": "the hard part of the same plant, which does survive, and therefore does have a record", "rel": "parallel", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "as": "the other plant material, kept for its structure rather than its chemistry", "rel": "parallel", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "the practice that keeps a plant charm renewed, since the material itself will not last", "rel": "practice", "from": "herb" }, { "to": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "as": "the practice this material was made for: written, dissolved, drunk, gone", "rel": "practice", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "ink written in a spiral on clay, which is the oldest dated use of the material in this atlas", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the Taoist charm whose script is deliberately unreadable, and whose authority rests on that", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese descendant of the Taoist talisman, printed from woodblocks and renewed each year", "rel": "descendant", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "as": "the neighbouring written tradition that is read aloud and draped, not washed off — named here to mark the difference", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "ink on a garment: Qur'anic verses, the names of God and of prophets, or numbers, worn into battle", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "as": "the ground ink is driven into when the charm is meant never to wash off", "rel": "material", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the surface ink usually sits on, and the one Islamic legal opinion treats differently from a bowl", "rel": "material", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "wood", "type": "material", "name": "Wood", "as": "the West African slate: chosen because the ink will lift off it cleanly", "rel": "material", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice of writing the charm, before anybody decides whether to keep it", "rel": "practice", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "spiral", "type": "motif", "name": "The spiral", "as": "the shape the writing takes in the bowls, where the geometry is the mechanism", "rel": "motif", "from": "ink" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the commonest iron charm in Europe, and the one whose rules — used, found, touchable — are all about where the metal came from", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "filled with iron: rusty nails, pins and needles, sealed and buried", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "as": "the Javanese blade whose pamor pattern is worked from meteorite iron", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the rolled metal scroll — the sheet is the amulet's body, the inscription its voice", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "iron goes into the glass batch itself, named in the recipe among the things said to shield the wearer", "rel": "material", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition where cold iron is a rule rather than an object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition that names sky-iron as the supreme substance and returns a piece of it to where the meteorite fell", "rel": "tradition", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the other metal folklore arms against monsters, and the one that survives in the ground", "rel": "contrast", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "lead", "type": "material", "name": "Lead", "as": "the metal at the other end of the hardness scale, chosen for the opposite reason: too soft to resist a nail", "rel": "contrast", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice iron is most often put to — over the lintel, under the threshold, around the graveyard", "rel": "practice", "from": "iron" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "the pendant this stone is best known as outside Asia, and a taonga whose mana is held to accumulate with each owner", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the hook, carved from pounamu or from bone, worn at the neck", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the Chinese safety charm cut from this stone and hung on a cord", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "the tradition in which this stone is not a material but an inheritance", "rel": "tradition", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "te-papa-taonga", "type": "place", "name": "Mana Whenua, Te Papa", "as": "where pounamu taonga are held and shown in the country they come from", "rel": "held-at", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "as": "the metal jade outranked at the Chinese court, and reduced to thread in a burial suit", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "its partner in Islamic amulet practice, where the pair is read as fertility", "rel": "kin", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "the practice that makes a jade object worth more than the stone in it", "rel": "practice", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this stone's 1997 settlement belongs to", "rel": "story", "from": "jade" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the bracelet named after this material in Spanish, and the commonest thing put on an infant in Puerto Rico", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the fist with the knuckle out, cut in jet where the bracelet is black rather than red", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the Medusa head Roman Britain liked to cut into jet cameos, aimed at whoever looked", "rel": "motif", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "most commonly carved in jet or formed in silver, per the same sources", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "amber", "type": "material", "name": "Amber", "as": "the other fossil that takes a charge when rubbed; what dealers call black amber is this", "rel": "parallel", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "the red half of the azabache bracelet, where jet is the black half", "rel": "parallel", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "sold as French jet in imitation of it, and told apart because glass is cold to the touch and jet is not", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on imitation, which this material has supported since the nineteenth century", "rel": "story", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition that bought jet by the shipload at Santiago de Compostela", "rel": "tradition", "from": "jet" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the object this material exists for in the atlas, and the reason lead has a record at all", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the protective side of the same late-antique workshop, cut in stone instead of scratched in lead", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the same idea in silver: a thin sheet, a written formula, rolled and worn, aimed at protecting rather than binding", "rel": "parallel", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "hair", "type": "material", "name": "Hair", "as": "what gets folded into the sheet to make the writing point at one named person", "rel": "material", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice of scratching the words, which is the only step lead requires", "rel": "practice", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "how a lead tablet is delivered: into a grave, a well, or a temple wall", "rel": "practice", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "christopher-faraone", "type": "person", "name": "Christopher A. Faraone", "as": "the scholar who sorted the erotic tablets into passion spells and affection spells, and found men and women using different ones", "rel": "person", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "copper", "type": "material", "name": "Copper and bronze", "as": "the metal the protective lamellae were beaten from, where the tablets used the cheap one", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read the modern lead story belongs to: the charm that poisoned a child was put on him at three months old", "rel": "story", "from": "lead" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the amulet that is either metal or this leaf, rolled the same way, saying the same thing", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the same yant, put on a surface that will outlast the leaf", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the same designs again, put where nothing can be stolen and nothing survives the wearer", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the tradition whose written charms this leaf carried before metal was common", "rel": "tradition", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "its successor: cheaper still, printable, and just as perishable", "rel": "parallel", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "the dry world's equivalent, and the reason the Mediterranean amulet record is fuller than the monsoon one", "rel": "contrast", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice this material demands — a stylus cutting, not a pen laying down ink", "rel": "practice", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on why the surviving objects are not a sample of what was worn", "rel": "story", "from": "palm-leaf" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese paper talisman, issued by a shrine, placed on the household altar and renewed yearly", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the pocket version of the same sheet, sewn into brocade so the paper is never seen", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the Taoist written charm this whole family descends from", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean paper talisman, carried inside a small brocade bag", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the paper drawn at a shrine and tied up there — the same material, spent in one use", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the folded or printed Qur'anic text in its case, which is where paper met the printing die", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "Qur'anic verses on scraps of paper, sewn in a sack with herbs and worn at the neck", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "the material paper is not allowed to replace, in the one tradition that says so in writing", "rel": "contrast", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "the other half of every charm on this page", "rel": "kin", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "the practice a paper charm usually ends in", "rel": "practice", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "as": "how a printed sheet becomes something small enough to wear", "rel": "practice", "from": "paper" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the parchment itself is the object; the case is decoration, and a paper copy in a case is not one", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "4 passages, 3,188 letters, written in order on klaf and sealed into boxes of a single piece of hide", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "as": "the other great parchment charm, cut to the owner's height and rolled", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the written Jewish amulet, on parchment where it is not on metal", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition that legislates this material and rejects every substitute for it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the cheap replacement this tradition refuses by name", "rel": "contrast", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "as": "the same substance, on a living body instead of a scraped one", "rel": "kin", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "the other half: indelible, black, and specified by law", "rel": "kin", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice that makes the object — in sequence, with no correction possible", "rel": "practice", "from": "parchment" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the salt-glazed jug, and the salt inside it — the container survives and the contents rarely do", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "salt is named in the batch the bead is made from, fired into the glass", "rel": "material", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the household altar where salt is offered with rice, water and sake", "rel": "kin", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition that blesses salt and tells the laity exactly what they may do with it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition that puts salt at an entrance rather than on a person", "rel": "tradition", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "the other material that goes into a charm and rots or dissolves out of the record", "rel": "parallel", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "where salt is most often put: a threshold, a gate, a shop entrance", "rel": "practice", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the practice a filled bottle ends in, and the reason we have the bottles at all", "rel": "practice", "from": "salt" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "the seed itself, graded by the count of faces on its surface", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "the Mexican deer's-eye seed, sold in the same market aisle as the herbs", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the practice the string is for: 108 and one, marked by the meru bead", "rel": "practice", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the cord the tradition specifies — silk, or black or red cotton — and the part that rots first", "rel": "material", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "the soft part of the same plant, which leaves no trace where the stone would", "rel": "parallel", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign in the name: rudra-aksha, the eye of Rudra, and in Mexico the eye of a deer", "rel": "motif", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "cowrie", "type": "material", "name": "Cowrie", "as": "the other small hard object strung by the hundred, where the shell does what the stone does", "rel": "parallel", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition that sets out which beads may be strung, in what order, and on what", "rel": "tradition", "from": "seed" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "two rolled sheets of this metal, and the oldest surviving text of the Hebrew Bible", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the written Jewish amulet, put on parchment or on metal, and the metal is usually this one", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "carved in jet or formed in silver, which its makers tie to purity", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "a sprig of rue cast in silver — the herb made permanent by changing what it is made of", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "cut from silver as readily as from coral, and in that reading silver belongs to Luna", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "a silver box with Qur'anic verses inside it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the same technique at the other end of Asia: metal sheet, incised, rolled, worn on a cord", "rel": "parallel", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "as": "the metal above it, and the one a household reaches for only when it can", "rel": "contrast", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "turquoise", "type": "material", "name": "Turquoise", "as": "the stone silver is set with from Tibet to Arizona", "rel": "kin", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition that made this metal a page", "rel": "tradition", "from": "silver" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the largest living tradition written in this material, and the one that sets rules the bearer has to keep for it to hold", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the same material used as a declaration rather than a shield — inside the right wrist, where it will be seen", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "what is actually driven in; skin is the ground, ink is the mark", "rel": "material", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "as": "the practice that makes it, from cut-and-rub to hand-tapping to a machine at 80 to 150 strokes a second", "rel": "practice", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "the same god, worn as a pendant in Egypt and cut into a woman's thigh at Aksha in the fourth century BCE", "rel": "parallel", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the same sacred geometry on cloth or metal, put in a house or a vehicle instead of into a person", "rel": "contrast", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the opposite instruction: this material cannot be taken off, so hiding it means covering it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "yant-flash", "type": "art", "name": "Yant flash", "as": "the drawn designs, which is as far as this atlas goes in showing them", "rel": "art", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read behind this record's restricted block", "rel": "story", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read the 2011 Thai argument belongs to", "rel": "story", "from": "skin" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the charm that is a clay bowl and nothing else — the material and the object are the same thing here", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "pazuzu-head", "type": "amulet", "name": "Pazuzu head", "as": "chiefly terracotta, drilled to hang, and found in numbers because a mould made it cheap", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "fired as masks at Tiryns and Sparta in the seventh century BCE, which is the earliest physical form of that face", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the Thai clay votive tablet, pressed in its thousands and sold to fund the temple that pressed it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the other fired material, and the other reason half this atlas has dates", "rel": "parallel", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "san-gregorio-armeno", "type": "place", "name": "Via San Gregorio Armeno", "as": "the Naples street that has been firing small figures since there was a temple to Ceres on it", "rel": "place", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "begins as a salt-glazed stoneware Bartmann jug with a bearded face on it, before glass takes over", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the practice that puts fired clay under a building, whether to protect it or to curse somebody beneath it", "rel": "practice", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this record's last paragraph belongs to: bowls dug without a findspot, and who ends up holding them", "rel": "story", "from": "terracotta" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the simplest object in this atlas: scarlet wool, a wrist, a knot", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "white and red yarn with an expiry date written into the custom — the first stork ends it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "a thousand stitches by a thousand women, 15 cm by 90-120 cm, given to a man going to war", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "as": "the sign this material is, wherever it is worn", "rel": "motif", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "as": "what thread turns into when the tying itself is the charm", "rel": "motif", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the practice that makes it, and the reason the count is recorded", "rel": "practice", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the practice of stitching a charm into clothing, where the thread is both charm and fixing", "rel": "practice", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "beads strung on silk or on black or red cotton — the cord is specified, not incidental", "rel": "kin", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "gold", "type": "material", "name": "Gold", "as": "the thread of an emperor's burial suit, where rank is written in what the stitching is made of", "rel": "contrast", "from": "thread" }, { "to": "bone-ivory", "type": "material", "name": "Bone and ivory", "as": "the wider class this sits inside, and the one that gets carved rather than kept whole", "rel": "whole", "from": "tooth" }, { "to": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "as": "the sign this material is: a piece of a dangerous animal, left recognisable", "rel": "motif", "from": "tooth" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the hook that reads as a tooth and is worn in the same place, at the throat", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tooth" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the Italian horn worn for the same harm the wolf tooth was worn for", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tooth" }, { "to": "te-papa-taonga", "type": "place", "name": "Mana Whenua, Te Papa", "as": "where a tabua can be seen outside Fiji, in a museum that publishes what it holds", "rel": "held-at", "from": "tooth" }, { "to": "inuit-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Inuit amulet", "as": "the Arctic version of the same argument: the charm is a part of the animal it came from", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tooth" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read for an object under export caps, permits and a 2007 repatriation", "rel": "story", "from": "tooth" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the glaze invented to look like this stone, and the reason Egypt could sell the colour without the mine", "rel": "contrast", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "its partner in Tibetan and Mongolian silverwork, red against blue on the same setting", "rel": "kin", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal it is nearly always set in, from Nishapur to Arizona", "rel": "kin", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the Himalayan amulet box this stone is set into, with coral, on silver", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition that imports the stone and prefers the greener grades of it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "jet", "type": "material", "name": "Jet", "as": "one of the materials inlaid beside it in Aztec mosaic masks", "rel": "kin", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "crystal-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Crystal pendant", "as": "the present-day trade in treated and synthetic stone, sold on a claim about the substance", "rel": "parallel", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read: this stone has been imitated for so long that grading it is its own profession", "rel": "story", "from": "turquoise" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese talisman whose grandest form is a wooden tablet wrapped round a sliver of cedar called the sacred core", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the paper fortune that ends up tied to a pine, which is the tree doing the holding", "rel": "kin", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "akuaba-figure", "type": "amulet", "name": "Akua'ba", "as": "carved wood with a disc for a head, washed and kept in the house between uses", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the carved figure with a cavity cut in its belly for the medicines that make it inhabited", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "dreamcatcher", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dreamcatcher", "as": "a bent willow hoop with a net across it, hung over a cradle", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "rowan-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rowan cross", "as": "the European protective wood with a species name, and a taboo about which parts may be used", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "what the West African slate is for: a surface chosen because the writing will lift off it", "rel": "material", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "the practice most of this material is built for — a wish released by fire", "rel": "practice", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the other reason wooden charms are young: they are replaced on a schedule", "rel": "practice", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "tree", "type": "motif", "name": "The tree", "as": "the standing version of the same material, where the charm is the tree and not the plank", "rel": "motif", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read behind the Fante dolls that ended up in European museums after the 1800s", "rel": "story", "from": "wood" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the outward direction in one object: a pouch made sacred by ritual before anyone sees it, then handed over for a donation", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the tablet whose power the practice describes as held by virtue of its consecration", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the third kind of counter — a draw rather than an issue, with the paper tied up on the grounds if the answer is bad", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the case where the sequence is published: a name, a birth date, incense, divination blocks, and passes over the censer", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the inward direction: the object exists to be left at the shrine, not carried away from it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "where both directions land on one day — blessed at the fair, and blessed again at the cathedral at midday on 24 January", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the same transfer done privately, by somebody who knows the recipient, on an object already theirs", "rel": "parallel", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "votive-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The votive wall", "as": "what the inward direction builds: a wall of other people's petitions, left where the next petitioner will read them", "rel": "art", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "the practice at the scale of 32,000 branch shrines", "rel": "place", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "quiapo-church", "type": "place", "name": "Quiapo Church", "as": "the inward direction at its largest — 6.5 million people in the Traslación of 9 January 2024, and thousands every Friday", "rel": "place", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition that wrote this step into canon law, and set out what it does and does not do", "rel": "tradition", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition that turned the counter into a national distribution system with four changes of administrative owner", "rel": "tradition", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "what happens next: a charm issued at a counter comes back to it in a year", "rel": "practice", "from": "blessing-at-a-shrine" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the charm this fire is mostly made of, returned in January by the sackful", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "burnt at Sagichō or Dondoyaki on 14 or 15 January, at the end of the New Year season", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "the doll with its own fire — tens of thousands at a time, after sutras and horns", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the wish-plaque burnt to release the wish rather than to dispose of the board", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "worn flags burnt because the mantras on them cannot be put on the ground", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "a temple where the year's talismans are obtained and the old ones handed back", "rel": "place", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the cycle this fire closes", "rel": "practice", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the other way of ending a charm, preferred in Ireland for the same objects", "rel": "contrast", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition that runs the calendar this fire sits on", "rel": "tradition", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read this practice skews: traditions that burn leave almost nothing to date", "rel": "story", "from": "burning-retirement" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the charm whose working position is underground — active while hidden and unbroken", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "lead folded and put in a grave or a well, so that the dead carry the message", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "buried face down under the threshold, with the writing spiralling inward", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "as": "the other thing found in the fabric of a house, and the commonest of them all", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "put under a stone at the end of its month, to be read by whatever creature is nearest it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "burial done deliberately at the start of a building rather than into an existing one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the same verb pointed at a person rather than a place", "rel": "parallel", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "the other end for a charm, and the one Irish practice weighs against burial", "rel": "contrast", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition that filled English hearths and thresholds with this material", "rel": "tradition", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "the-charm-in-the-wall", "type": "story", "name": "The charm in the wall", "as": "the long read that follows what builders find when they take a house apart", "rel": "story", "from": "burying" }, { "to": "tha-phrachan", "type": "place", "name": "Tha Phrachan amulet market", "as": "the practice at its most exacting — loupe, certificate, forgery, and a monk's name as the thing being priced", "rel": "place", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "the practice under a roof, with 18 gates locked at night and a guild deciding who may sell", "rel": "place", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "where this record's earliest date comes from: a quarter of stone shops built partly so the trade could be counted and taxed", "rel": "place", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "the practice inside a building the city put up in 1957 to regulate it", "rel": "place", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "the approach road licensed by the temple in 1685, with sweeping the grounds as the rent", "rel": "place", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz", "type": "place", "name": "El Mercado de las Brujas", "as": "the practice with a published season — roughly 60 per cent of the year's trade in October", "rel": "place", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the object with the largest figure attached to this practice anywhere in the atlas: twenty billion baht in a single year", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "the case where buying is not the preliminary to the rite but the rite", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the counter that refuses the verb — received, not bought, and the money a donation", "rel": "contrast", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "the practice this one is defined against, and the one whose rules a purchase keeps testing", "rel": "contrast", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the other half of the cycle: an annual expiry is also an annual sale", "rel": "practice", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the collector whose whole method was this — buying and swapping in the street while other men read about the past", "rel": "person", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read that starts at this counter, because this is where trust is priced", "rel": "story", "from": "buying-in-a-market" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the object this step is priced by — which temple pressed it and which monk chanted over it is most of its value", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the earliest dated thing in this record: monks in Thailand rolling and empowering metal scrolls by 1200–1300 CE", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "paper that carries a kami's essence, in the practice's own words, by virtue of this step", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the packet made sacred through ritual, then never opened by the person carrying it", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the diagram a priest energises with a mantra; practitioners hold that one left un-energised is lifeless", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the figure woken rather than blessed — each nail a vow driven into it", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "agnus-dei", "type": "amulet", "name": "Agnus Dei", "as": "the Catholic wax disc whose whole standing comes from who blessed it", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition that wrote this step into canon law: blessings, consecrations and dedications, exorcisms", "rel": "tradition", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the tradition where the consecrating monk's name is the object's provenance", "rel": "tradition", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the same transfer done over the counter, to a stranger, for a donation", "rel": "parallel", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the step before this one — the writing that has to be right before anyone chants over it", "rel": "practice", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "as": "consecration with no object at all: the words go over skin, and the rules stay on the person", "rel": "parallel", "from": "consecration" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "the string this record's arithmetic is clearest on — 108 plus one, the extra bead there to mark where a cycle begins and ends", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "knotting", "type": "practice", "name": "Knotting", "as": "the same cord with knots instead of beads: an Orthodox prayer rope carries 33, 50 or 100 of them", "rel": "parallel", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "worry-stone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Worry stone", "as": "the single-bead version — repetition in the hand with the count taken out", "rel": "parallel", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "cowrie-strand", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cowrie strand", "as": "the other fixed-number string in this atlas, where handling a set number becomes a throw and a reading rather than a tally", "rel": "contrast", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition that turns a string into an instrument: 108 and one", "rel": "tradition", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition that files the rosary as a popular devotion and the beads as a devotional article — two different categories for one object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the neighbouring tradition whose count follows a list rather than a number: 99 names, 99 beads, or 33 taken three times", "rel": "parallel", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "barkhor-lhasa", "type": "place", "name": "The Barkhor", "as": "the circuit walked with one of these, one round of the ring to one round of the string", "rel": "place", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "what the Muslim string is counting: the ninety-nine names, one bead each, or thirty-three taken three times", "rel": "motif", "from": "counting-beads" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the object this practice is clearest in — loaded, woken, and nailed once per agreement", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "fed with alcohol, perfume or water because, in the tradition's words, it is alive", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "the figure that smokes one cigarette a year and wears banknotes the rest of it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the paper on the household altar in front of which rice, salt, water and sake are set out daily", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "as": "the blade warriors made offerings to at a shrine, and still wash once a year", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "as": "the tradition that keeps the ledger of vows in nails", "rel": "tradition", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "as": "the tradition where feeding and buying happen on the same January morning", "rel": "tradition", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the step that wakes the thing; feeding is what keeps it awake", "rel": "practice", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the calendar version of the same upkeep, done to the object instead of with food", "rel": "parallel", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this practice complicates: a figure that is no longer fed is, in its own tradition's account, not the object on the shelf", "rel": "story", "from": "feeding-the-charm" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the rolled tube this practice is named for in Thailand — metal or palm leaf, cased, strung", "rel": "practice", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the folded paper packet cut to the shape of a sword blade and handed out by the shrines of Ise", "rel": "practice", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the sealed brocade bag nobody opens, which is this practice's strictest rule", "rel": "practice", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "parchment rolled into a case at the door — and unrolled again by a scribe twice in seven years", "rel": "contrast", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the oldest rolled charm this atlas dates, found still rolled in a Jerusalem burial chamber", "rel": "practice", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "lead folded over hair, then nailed — the same gesture used to bind rather than to guard", "rel": "practice", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the folded paper charm of Islamic practice, cased in metal and worn at the neck or the arm", "rel": "practice", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material that made folding cheap, repeatable and issuable by the ten thousand", "rel": "material", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the step this one closes over", "rel": "practice", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "the cloth branch of the same move: fold, then stitch shut instead of casing", "rel": "parallel", "from": "folding" }, { "to": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "as": "the commonest thing found in the fabric of a European house, and the reason Northampton keeps an index of them", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "buried under the hearth of a standing house rather than under a new one, and working while it stays there", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "buried face down under the threshold, which is the deposit as trap", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "among the objects Egyptian deposits were filled with, alongside amulets, food and miniature tools", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the hostile version: execration texts smashed and buried under a building going up", "rel": "parallel", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "mesopotamian-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Mesopotamian household protection", "as": "the tradition whose kings signed their foundation pegs", "rel": "tradition", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that filled lined pits under temples with the same amulets it buried with people", "rel": "tradition", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the same verb, without a building over it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the other great undisturbed context, and the other reason the drawers are full", "rel": "parallel", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "the-charm-in-the-wall", "type": "story", "name": "The charm in the wall", "as": "the long read about what comes out of houses during renovation", "rel": "story", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "british-museum-room-1", "type": "place", "name": "Room 1: Enlightenment, the British Museum", "as": "where deposits meant never to be seen are now on shelves", "rel": "held-at", "from": "foundation-deposit" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "the amulet with the strictest placement in this practice — over the heart, or later inside the chest", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the amulet Egypt buried in the greatest numbers, and the reason museum trays of it are so deep", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "as": "in the wrappings on the upper torso from Amenhotep III to the end of dynastic Egypt", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "silver worn in life and found in a burial chamber, carrying the oldest surviving biblical text known", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "buried when its guardian died, then lifted again and brought out at tangihanga", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "the counter-case: a Roman boy's charm went to the household gods at manhood, not into the ground", "rel": "contrast", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition that made this the default destination for a small object", "rel": "tradition", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "nagpra", "type": "org", "name": "The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act", "as": "the law that governs what happens to funerary objects held in United States collections", "rel": "org", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator whose cemetery work produced the amulet series museums still sort by", "rel": "person", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the other undisturbed context that fills the drawers", "rel": "parallel", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this practice leads straight into", "rel": "story", "from": "grave-deposit" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the door charm with a measured position, a blessing at fixing and a deadline for putting it up", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "iron nailed over the opening, with an argument about which way up that crossed the Atlantic intact", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "rushes in the rafters from 1 February, and again the following February", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "hex-sign", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hex sign", "as": "the same idea painted at barn scale, and argued over as protective or decorative in the same county", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "paper assigned by room — entrance, kitchen, toilet — with a different figure on each", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "as": "South Asia's hanging version, strung in a doorway rather than fixed to it", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the Chinese door fitting that answers the same question about what arrives at an entrance", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "the material doing the work in the European case, before any shape is given to it", "rel": "material", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition that put iron over the doors of houses, barns and stables", "rel": "tradition", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the clock several door charms run on, in Ireland and Japan alike", "rel": "practice", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the same threshold, treated from underneath", "rel": "parallel", "from": "hanging-at-door" }, { "to": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "as": "the inherited object with its own legal word — tosan aji, pusaka, and a blade that comes with a yearly duty", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "the taonga that goes into the ground with its guardian and comes out again for mourning", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "as": "the heirloom with the widest gap between what it means and what it fetches", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "the counter-case: handed to the household gods at manhood rather than to an heir", "rel": "contrast", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "the tradition whose word for treasure already contains the idea of handing on", "rel": "tradition", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "te-papa-taonga", "type": "place", "name": "Mana Whenua, Te Papa", "as": "where inherited taonga sit when a museum holds them instead of a family", "rel": "held-at", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the upkeep an inherited blade carries — jamasan, the yearly cleaning", "rel": "practice", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice inheritance is defined against, and the one that keeps testing its rules", "rel": "contrast", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read that starts where an heirloom leaves the family", "rel": "story", "from": "inheriting" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the oldest dated thing this practice made: a blessing punched into silver and worn to the grave around 600 BCE", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "the strictest version — 3,188 letters in order, and a mistake found afterwards cannot be fixed", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the parchment a scribe writes and another scribe checks twice in seven years", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the rolled scroll this writing goes onto in Thailand, in Khom Pali or Lan Na Tai Tham", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "writing built to be unreadable, which is the point its own scholars make about it", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the same craft aimed at somebody: lead, tiny letters, then nails", "rel": "contrast", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "text spiralling inward on clay, buried face down to catch what follows it", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "a whole garment as the writing surface, Quranic verse over the body in battle", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "the material that carries this entire practice, and whose indelibility is a legal requirement in Jewish law", "rel": "material", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the single most common thing written, from the Priestly Blessing to the names of God on a shirt", "rel": "motif", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "as": "what happens to the writing next — rolled, folded, sealed away from the eye that reads", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "washing-off-ink", "type": "practice", "name": "Washing off the ink", "as": "the branch where the writing is meant to be destroyed and drunk rather than kept", "rel": "practice", "from": "inscribing" }, { "to": "knot", "type": "motif", "name": "The knot", "as": "the sign this practice makes — and the rare case where making the sign and making the object are the same act", "rel": "motif", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "tyet-knot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tyet", "as": "the knot cut in stone: Egypt's version, tied by a carver rather than by hand", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "the knot with an expiry date — 1 March to the first stork, then tied to a fruit tree", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "red-string", "type": "amulet", "name": "Red string", "as": "the plainest form: scarlet wool at the wrist, and an argument about where it came from", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "a thousand knots from a thousand hands, solicited one at a time outside train stations", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "leather knotted into letters — dalet and yud, spelling a name of God with the shin on the box", "rel": "practice", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "the woven version: rushes gathered on 31 January, tied the same night, hung the next morning", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the material that makes this the cheapest charm in the atlas", "rel": "material", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "red-thread", "type": "motif", "name": "The red thread", "as": "the colour that runs with the knot from the Mediterranean to Mongolia", "rel": "motif", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the same cord, knotted to count with instead of to bind — an Orthodox prayer rope carries 33, 50 or 100 knots", "rel": "parallel", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the practice a martenitsa belongs to: worn for a season, then taken off on a sign from a bird", "rel": "practice", "from": "knotting" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the charm with the clearest expiry: replaced yearly, returned to its shrine, burnt in January", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the household talisman whose replacement is argued for on the ground of purity, not of wear", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "the doll sold with an effectiveness of one year — and the reason a temple started handing out moulds", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "martenitsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Martenitsa", "as": "the spring version, whose end date is set by a bird rather than by a date", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "brigids-cross", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brigid's cross", "as": "woven fresh each 1 February from rushes gathered the night before", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "keris-pusaka", "type": "amulet", "name": "Keris pusaka", "as": "the blade that is cleaned annually rather than replaced, and worn thin by the cleaning", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "mezuzah", "type": "amulet", "name": "Mezuzah", "as": "the opposite clock: checked by a scribe twice in seven years, and meant to last", "rel": "contrast", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "where last year's charm goes on 14 or 15 January", "rel": "practice", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition that runs this cycle at national scale", "rel": "tradition", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the other half of the cycle — an annual expiry is also an annual sale", "rel": "practice", "from": "renewing-yearly" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the pouch this practice is named after, stitched shut in Mande communities and carried to Louisiana", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "senninbari", "type": "amulet", "name": "Senninbari", "as": "the belt where the stitching is the charm and a thousand strangers did it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the garment version — the writing goes on the cloth and the cloth goes under the armour", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the sewn leather or cloth case of Islamic West and North Africa, holding written verses", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the same folded verse, cased in metal instead of stitched into cloth", "rel": "parallel", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the tradition the gris-gris comes out of, and which the Atlantic trade moved west", "rel": "tradition", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "thread", "type": "material", "name": "Thread and cord", "as": "the material that does the work here — the stitch is the closure and, in the senninbari, the charm itself", "rel": "material", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the rule sewing exists to serve", "rel": "practice", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "feeding-the-charm", "type": "practice", "name": "Feeding the charm", "as": "what happens after the bag is stitched — fixed, woken and dressed", "rel": "practice", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "folding", "type": "practice", "name": "Folding", "as": "the paper-and-metal branch of the same move: close the charm over its contents", "rel": "parallel", "from": "sewing-in" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the object this practice makes, and the one case in this atlas where object and owner cannot be separated", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the same needle used for membership rather than power — a cross at the right wrist", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the identical design put on metal or cloth instead of skin, and hung in a house or a truck", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the tradition that holds the lineages, the rules and the refusals", "rel": "tradition", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "skin", "type": "material", "name": "Skin", "as": "the material, which is also the wearer — the reason this practice has rules no object needs", "rel": "material", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "what carries the writing here, as it does on paper and parchment elsewhere in this atlas", "rel": "material", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the same transfer, with a person instead of an object on the receiving end", "rel": "parallel", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the writing step, done with a needle and at the bearer's expense", "rel": "practice", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the page that explains why the rite, the formulae and the design assignments are missing from this record", "rel": "story", "from": "tattooing" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "the kept version of the same verses — worn instead of drunk", "rel": "contrast", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the folded written charm of the same tradition, cased to last rather than washed to be taken", "rel": "contrast", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition this practice sits inside, and where the argument about it is being had", "rel": "tradition", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "the material that has to be chosen to lift rather than to last, which inverts every other use of it in this atlas", "rel": "material", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "as": "the Filipino charm that can be eaten, described as consumable mud or an ingested mutya", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the other writing-inside-a-bowl practice, which in the accounts read here was buried rather than drunk — the parallel is a shape, not a link", "rel": "contrast", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the writing step, done here in the knowledge that the writing is about to be destroyed", "rel": "practice", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "as": "the neighbouring tradition of written healing charms, whose relation to this practice this record does not assert", "rel": "parallel", "from": "washing-off-ink" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the charm with the strictest hiding rule in this atlas — one owner, on the body, out of sight", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "brown-scapular", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brown Scapular", "as": "cloth worn front and back under the shirt, and once required even in bed", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "the cased scroll worn under the shirt, with a height rule attached to it", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the opposite arrangement: carried in plain view and never opened", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the charm built to be seen, which is what this practice is defined against", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "sewing-in", "type": "practice", "name": "Sewing in", "as": "how a charm gets hidden when a pocket is not enough", "rel": "practice", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition that wrote concealed wearing into an order's constitution", "rel": "tradition", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read on who charms are actually put on, which is also where hiding and showing part company", "rel": "story", "from": "wearing-hidden" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the tradition this market supplies materials to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "akodessewa-market" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the West African charm whose name travelled to New Orleans while the practice stayed here", "rel": "carries", "from": "akodessewa-market" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the Kongo container-object built from assembled materials — the nearest kin in this atlas to what a practitioner makes from these tables", "rel": "parallel", "from": "akodessewa-market" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "the word in this market's own French name, and an argument older than the market", "rel": "same-word", "from": "akodessewa-market" }, { "to": "vodou-not-voodoo", "type": "term", "name": "Vodou and Vodún — and the spelling this atlas does not use", "as": "the spelling argument this record runs into in its first sentence, and the reason the two-o form appears here only in quotation marks", "rel": "term", "from": "akodessewa-market" }, { "to": "tooth-and-claw", "type": "motif", "name": "The tooth and the claw", "as": "the sign family most of the stock belongs to, taken from the animal it came from", "rel": "motif", "from": "akodessewa-market" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this market sits inside: who gets to describe a practice, and in whose words", "rel": "story", "from": "akodessewa-market" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition whose objects this circuit's walkers carry", "rel": "tradition", "from": "barkhor-lhasa" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the amulet case worn at the throat on this plateau, holding what a lama has given", "rel": "carries", "from": "barkhor-lhasa" }, { "to": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "as": "the agate Tibetans hold as a hereditary gem, not a purchase; Lhasa is the city it is priced in", "rel": "carries", "from": "barkhor-lhasa" }, { "to": "sungkhor", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sungkhor", "as": "the folded protection-wheel a monastery issues, which is what a pilgrim on this ring is likeliest to be carrying", "rel": "carries", "from": "barkhor-lhasa" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "the wind horse printed on cloth, replaced across Tibet at the new year", "rel": "carries", "from": "barkhor-lhasa" }, { "to": "counting-beads", "type": "practice", "name": "Counting beads", "as": "the practice the circuit is walked with, one round of the ring to one round of the string", "rel": "practice", "from": "barkhor-lhasa" }, { "to": "kathmandu-thamel", "type": "place", "name": "Thamel", "as": "the market on the other side of the Himalaya, where the same objects are sold mostly to outsiders", "rel": "contrast", "from": "barkhor-lhasa" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the institution this room explains — its founding collection, and the argument it makes about keeping things", "rel": "org", "from": "british-museum-room-1" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "the keeper who did the next century's buying; the Egyptian amulets he brought are shown in other rooms, not this one", "rel": "person", "from": "british-museum-room-1" }, { "to": "met-egyptian-galleries", "type": "place", "name": "The Egyptian galleries, the Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "the comparison across the Atlantic: rooms that show what was dug, where this one shows who did the collecting", "rel": "contrast", "from": "british-museum-room-1" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "Oxford's answer to the same question — group by what a thing is for, not by which discipline collected it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "british-museum-room-1" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership; Wall Press 96 is where it stops being abstract", "rel": "story", "from": "british-museum-room-1" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the long read on licensing; this museum's images can be linked from here and not hosted here", "rel": "story", "from": "british-museum-room-1" }, { "to": "wikimedia-commons", "type": "org", "name": "Wikimedia Commons", "as": "the repository that cannot take this room's photographs, because the museum's licence bars commercial use", "rel": "contrast", "from": "british-museum-room-1" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the brocade packet a shrine issues and renews each year; this is the head shrine of the kami most of Japan asks for business luck", "rel": "carries", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the paper or wood tablet taken home to the house shelf from a shrine like this one", "rel": "carries", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the drawn fortune, cousin of the folded senbei cracker sold on this approach since the 19th century", "rel": "carries", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition of luck-bringing objects this shrine's counter belongs to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "as": "the beckoning cat a shop keeps for the same reason a company pays for a torii here", "rel": "parallel", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "mirror-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The mirror", "as": "the sign in the sanctuary — Inari shrines leave the mirror in open view", "rel": "motif", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the practice, at the scale of 32,000 branch shrines", "rel": "practice", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "senso-ji", "type": "place", "name": "Sensō-ji", "as": "the other end of Japan's charm trade in this atlas: a temple approach lined with 72 shops rather than a mountain of gates", "rel": "parallel", "from": "fushimi-inari" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead this market sells by the tray, and the reason most of the world pictures the eye as blue glass", "rel": "carries", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign under the glass — the same interception the Nile cut in faience, four thousand years later", "rel": "motif", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the material that made the sign cheap, and the trade that has worked it here since the bedesten was built for gems", "rel": "material", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "what the bead becomes on a string, sold at the airport as well as here", "rel": "descendant", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice under a roof, with the gates locked at night and a guild deciding who may sell", "rel": "practice", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "monastiraki", "type": "place", "name": "Monastiraki", "as": "the Athens lanes where the same bead is sold under its Greek name, máti", "rel": "parallel", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "the Mamluk quarter al-Ghuri rebuilt in 1511, possibly in imitation of complexes like this one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on copies and their price, which a market of 4,000 shops cannot avoid", "rel": "story", "from": "grand-bazaar" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean written charm — made by a mudang, not sold over a counter; this district supplies the paper and ink it is drawn with", "rel": "carries", "from": "insadong" }, { "to": "korean-bujeok-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bujeok craft", "as": "the tradition behind that charm, concentrated in Seoul more than anywhere else in the country", "rel": "tradition", "from": "insadong" }, { "to": "paper", "type": "material", "name": "Paper", "as": "the material 90 per cent of the country's traditional stationery shops sell from these alleys", "rel": "material", "from": "insadong" }, { "to": "ink", "type": "material", "name": "Ink", "as": "the other half of a written charm, ground and demonstrated on this street daily", "rel": "material", "from": "insadong" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice a stationery district exists to equip", "rel": "practice", "from": "insadong" }, { "to": "dolhareubang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dol hareubang", "as": "the Jeju stone grandfather, the Korean object a visitor is likeliest to carry out of a shop here as a miniature", "rel": "carries", "from": "insadong" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on copies, which an antiques quarter holding 40 per cent of a country's dealers lives inside", "rel": "story", "from": "insadong" }, { "to": "rudraksha", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rudraksha", "as": "the seed whose best-known varieties grow in this valley and the Arun, strung for counting before it is ever sold to a visitor", "rel": "carries", "from": "kathmandu-thamel" }, { "to": "lungta-flag", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lung ta prayer flag", "as": "the printed cloth flag Atisha brought to Nepal and Tibet, hung on passes above this city", "rel": "carries", "from": "kathmandu-thamel" }, { "to": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "as": "the Himalayan agate a shop here will offer and a Tibetan family would not sell; the difference is the whole argument", "rel": "carries", "from": "kathmandu-thamel" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the amulet case the Himalaya wears at the throat, made in metal by the valley's own smiths", "rel": "carries", "from": "kathmandu-thamel" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "the tradition most of the objects in these alleys belong to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "kathmandu-thamel" }, { "to": "barkhor-lhasa", "type": "place", "name": "The Barkhor", "as": "the pilgrim circuit on the other side of the range, where the same objects are bought by the people who use them", "rel": "contrast", "from": "kathmandu-thamel" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on copies, which a souvenir lane selling a hereditary object cannot dodge", "rel": "story", "from": "kathmandu-thamel" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition whose shapes are cut in this city's gold four thousand years after the workshops that invented them closed", "rel": "tradition", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "sold here now as jewellery; the excavated ones are a mile away in the Egyptian Museum", "rel": "carries", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the hand sold across this trade's whole range, from Morocco to the Gulf", "rel": "carries", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the written charm the bookstalls serve — Kruk found the handbooks and the pamphlets against them on the same streets", "rel": "carries", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition those handbooks belong to, argued over in print in this quarter", "rel": "tradition", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice, in a quarter purpose-built for it since the Mamluks taxed stalls into stone shops", "rel": "practice", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "the Ottoman answer to the same problem — how to roof a city's trade and lock it at night", "rel": "parallel", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "marrakesh-souk", "type": "place", "name": "The Marrakesh souk", "as": "the other end of Kruk's line, where the same books are sold", "rel": "parallel", "from": "khan-el-khalili" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the hand this region cuts in silver, and the sign a Moroccan market is likeliest to sell", "rel": "carries", "from": "marrakesh-souk" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition whose handbooks Kruk found on stalls here, with the pamphlets against them alongside", "rel": "tradition", "from": "marrakesh-souk" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the written charm those handbooks instruct; the writing is a specialist's work, not a stall's", "rel": "carries", "from": "marrakesh-souk" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "the other end of Kruk's line, Cairo to Marrakesh, selling the same books", "rel": "parallel", "from": "marrakesh-souk" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "the material the square's medicine peddlers trade in, named in UNESCO's file on the place", "rel": "material", "from": "marrakesh-souk" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice, in lanes laid out by trade since 1070", "rel": "practice", "from": "marrakesh-souk" }, { "to": "ekeko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ekeko", "as": "the god of abundance whose fair, Alasitas, runs from 24 January in the same streets", "rel": "carries", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "illa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Illa", "as": "the Andean miniature that stands for the thing wanted — bought here, blessed, and given away", "rel": "carries", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "as": "the tradition this market supplies, from the house offering to the miniature", "rel": "tradition", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the practice the sullus are bought for: an offering under the foundations of a house", "rel": "practice", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "the working stock of the stalls, retama among it", "rel": "material", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Brujas de Gamarra", "as": "the Lima market carrying the same foreign name, in a garment district rather than a tourist quarter", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "the Mexico City counterpart, where the same pairing of plants and ritual goods fills two aisles", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice, with a calendar: 60 per cent of the year's trade in October", "rel": "practice", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz" }, { "to": "andean-illa-practice", "type": "tradition", "name": "Illa practice", "as": "the Andean tradition the herbs, offerings and cleansings sold here belong to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "the stock most of these stalls turn on, at 10 to 30 soles in October 2024", "rel": "material", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the other half of the counter: candles, saints and cleansings alongside the plants", "rel": "tradition", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz", "type": "place", "name": "El Mercado de las Brujas", "as": "the La Paz market that shares this one's foreign name and sells to a different clientele", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "the Mexico City market with the same two aisles — plants and ritual goods, one trade", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice, inside a garment wholesaling district rather than a tourist lane", "rel": "practice", "from": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "the deer's-eye seed sold in these aisles against the evil eye", "rel": "carries", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the harm the seed answers, named in Spanish as mal de ojo and stocked here by the tray", "rel": "motif", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "the material half of this market's reputation, and inseparable from the other half", "rel": "material", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the tradition the candles, saints and cleansings belong to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the stamped metal votive of the same devotional economy, offered where these goods are bought", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "sold here too — a European charm that crossed and stayed", "rel": "carries", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice, in a building the city put up in 1957 to regulate it", "rel": "practice", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-lima", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Brujas de Gamarra", "as": "the Lima counterpart, the same trade under a different name", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "mercado-de-las-brujas-la-paz", "type": "place", "name": "El Mercado de las Brujas", "as": "the La Paz counterpart, where the sellers are Aymara and the goods are Andean", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mercado-de-sonora" }, { "to": "ethiopian-magic-scroll", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ethiopian talismanic scroll", "as": "the Ethiopian protective object this atlas expects near a market this size and cannot source at this address — it is commissioned, not sold", "rel": "carries", "from": "merkato-addis" }, { "to": "ethiopian-scroll-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Ethiopian scroll craft", "as": "the tradition behind that scroll: a dabtara, a hide, and a text in Ge'ez cut to one person's height", "rel": "tradition", "from": "merkato-addis" }, { "to": "coptic-cross-tattoo", "type": "amulet", "name": "Coptic cross tattoo", "as": "the other Ethiopian and Coptic mark in this atlas, worn on the body rather than carried", "rel": "kin", "from": "merkato-addis" }, { "to": "parchment", "type": "material", "name": "Parchment", "as": "the material the scroll is written on, and the reason its making starts with an animal", "rel": "material", "from": "merkato-addis" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice this record is filed under, and the one the Ethiopian scroll does not use", "rel": "contrast", "from": "merkato-addis" }, { "to": "metropolitan-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "the institution these rooms sit in, and the licence that lets this atlas show its photographs", "rel": "org", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the amulet this walk is really about — seven galleries of them, in faience, carnelian, obsidian and gold", "rel": "carries", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the other Egyptian class the 1906–1941 seasons supplied with find-spots attached", "rel": "carries", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "heart-scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Heart scarab", "as": "the large scarab laid on the chest of the dead, held in the same department", "rel": "carries", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "cippus-of-horus", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cippus of Horus", "as": "Gallery 128 has the big one — the Metternich Stela — and Gallery 134 the pocket-sized versions of the same design", "rel": "carries", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the material the labels repeat: crushed quartz, fired, glazed blue or green", "rel": "material", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "the red stone the same eye is cut from a few cases along", "rel": "material", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition these rooms document more completely than any other single building in the Americas", "rel": "tradition", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator whose method the museum's own Egyptian Expedition followed; he published plates, the Met kept galleries", "rel": "person", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "british-museum-room-1", "type": "place", "name": "Room 1: Enlightenment, the British Museum", "as": "the comparison in London: a room about the collectors, where these are rooms about the dig", "rel": "contrast", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the long read on licensing, where the CC0 dedication behind these object records is the case that works", "rel": "story", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on dates; an excavation credit line is why these objects carry narrow ones", "rel": "story", "from": "met-egyptian-galleries" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead sold here under its Greek name, máti", "rel": "carries", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign itself, in a city whose writers were describing the harmful look 2,400 years ago", "rel": "motif", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition this ground is the home of — Peisistratus hung his figure just uphill", "rel": "tradition", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the older Greek answer to the same look, cut on shields and temple roofs instead of strung on a cord", "rel": "kin", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "glass", "type": "material", "name": "Glass", "as": "the material the eye travels in, made in the eastern Mediterranean since about 1500 BCE", "rel": "material", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "the Istanbul market selling the identical bead under a Turkish name, two hours by air", "rel": "parallel", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the same eye on elastic, which is how most of the world now buys it", "rel": "descendant", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read that follows this sign across four continents", "rel": "story", "from": "monastiraki" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the museum these cases sit in, and the Deed of Gift that keeps them laid out this way", "rel": "org", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "augustus-pitt-rivers", "type": "person", "name": "Augustus Pitt Rivers", "as": "the founder whose sorting rule — by purpose, not by place — is the reason a cimaruta and a Naga packet share a case", "rel": "person", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the donor of the English charms, 216 objects accessioned between 1893 and 1911", "rel": "person", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "walter-hildburgh", "type": "person", "name": "Walter Leo Hildburgh", "as": "the other collector whose amulets came here from Wellcome in the 1985 transfer", "rel": "person", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "the Neapolitan silver sprig the guide singles out, made against the malocchio and always of silver", "rel": "carries", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the blue glass eye in these cases, one of them donated as early as 1885", "rel": "carries", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the Hand of Fatima in gold filigree from Tunis, and a silver Hebrew-inscribed hand beside it", "rel": "carries", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "the perforated pebble on a string that sits at the front of the sympathetic magic material", "rel": "carries", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the shop-bought descendant of the glass eyes in case C30A, which the guide says are still being made", "rel": "descendant", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition these cases document most densely, because Lovett walked London", "rel": "tradition", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "wellcome-lovett", "type": "place", "name": "The Lovett charms at Wellcome Collection", "as": "the London end of the same story: what Wellcome kept, and what came here in 1985", "rel": "place", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read; this museum answers it out loud, on its own labels, since 2020", "rel": "story", "from": "pitt-rivers-charms" }, { "to": "anting-anting", "type": "amulet", "name": "Anting-anting", "as": "the amulet sold at this address — the encyclopedia names Quiapo when it names where agimat merchants set up", "rel": "carries", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the church's own class of blessed object, sold and worn a few metres from the other trade", "rel": "tradition", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the parallel from across the Pacific: the same galleon route, the same doubling of saint and charm", "rel": "parallel", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign most agimat carry, in Latin, cut or printed on metal", "rel": "motif", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the practice that draws millions here on 9 January and thousands every Friday", "rel": "practice", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "herb", "type": "material", "name": "Herb and root", "as": "the other stock of the plaza stalls, and the part the Archdiocese has condemned", "rel": "material", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the Catholic votive kin — metal offered for a body part, where the panata offers a walk", "rel": "parallel", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this address argues in public: two systems, one plaza, both naming the other", "rel": "story", "from": "quiapo-church" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the horn this city cuts in coral and silver, hung in the same windows as the crib figures", "rel": "carries", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "coral", "type": "material", "name": "Red coral", "as": "the material the horn is cut from, and the one Naples has worked longest", "rel": "material", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the sign itself — southern Italy's substitute for the eye, aimed at the same look", "rel": "motif", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "the other Neapolitan silver charm, a sprig of rue hung with signs", "rel": "kin", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "ex-voto-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The ex-voto wall", "as": "what the classical version of this street's output ended on: figurines offered to Ceres, made next door", "rel": "art", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition these workshops supply", "rel": "tradition", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the folklorist who in 1909 read the barrow trade of London, Rome and Naples as one subject", "rel": "person", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the blessed objects sold a few doors from the horn, by the same hands", "rel": "parallel", "from": "san-gregorio-armeno" }, { "to": "omikuji", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omikuji", "as": "the drawn fortune, at 100 yen suggested and a hundred possible drawers, taken at stalls inside this precinct", "rel": "carries", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the packet a temple or shrine issues; Nakamise is the selling street that grew on this approach in 1685", "rel": "carries", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the tablet carried home from a temple like this one to the household shelf", "rel": "carries", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "daruma", "type": "amulet", "name": "Daruma", "as": "the round vow-doll of Japan's market fairs, kin of what the approach's shops have always sold", "rel": "parallel", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition of luck objects this approach trades in", "rel": "tradition", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice, licensed by the temple in 1685 in exchange for sweeping the grounds", "rel": "practice", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "the Kyoto shrine at the other scale — a mountain of donated gates instead of a street of shops", "rel": "parallel", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "market-stall-sign", "type": "art", "name": "The market stall sign", "as": "the drawn signage of a selling street, which Nakamise has carried through four rebuildings", "rel": "art", "from": "senso-ji" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "the museum this gallery is the heart of, and the one that asks other institutions worldwide for ancestral remains back", "rel": "org", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "the pounamu neck pendant held here in the largest number anywhere, over 200 of them", "rel": "carries", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the hook pendant of the same stone and the same collection", "rel": "carries", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "the tradition whose own terms — taonga tuku iho, mana taonga, kaitiaki — this gallery is written in", "rel": "tradition", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "jade", "type": "material", "name": "Jade", "as": "the stone, called pounamu here, whose naturally occurring supply the Crown returned to Ngāi Tahu in 1997", "rel": "material", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "inheriting", "type": "practice", "name": "Inheriting", "as": "the practice the word taonga tuku iho names: a treasure handed down, not a thing acquired", "rel": "practice", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "quai-branly", "type": "org", "name": "Musée du quai Branly — Jacques Chirac", "as": "the Paris museum this one asked for Māori remains and got them back from in January 2012", "rel": "contrast", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "british-museum-room-1", "type": "place", "name": "Room 1: Enlightenment, the British Museum", "as": "the other side of the same argument: a London room that keeps what it holds, where this one gave a meeting house's title back", "rel": "contrast", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read on restriction; the no-photography rule on Level 4 is one of its worked examples", "rel": "story", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership, argued from the claimant's side — 850 ancestors returned since 2003", "rel": "story", "from": "te-papa-taonga" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the object this whole market exists to trade, authenticate and argue about", "rel": "carries", "from": "tha-phrachan" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "sold from the same trays — the rolled metal scroll beside the clay tablet", "rel": "carries", "from": "tha-phrachan" }, { "to": "palad-khik", "type": "amulet", "name": "Palad khik", "as": "also sold here, and the one stall-holders are likeliest to keep behind the counter", "rel": "carries", "from": "tha-phrachan" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the tradition whose economy this market is", "rel": "tradition", "from": "tha-phrachan" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice in its densest form — price, loupe, certificate, and a monk's name", "rel": "practice", "from": "tha-phrachan" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read about authentication, which starts here because this is where the loupes are", "rel": "story", "from": "tha-phrachan" }, { "to": "wellcome-collection", "type": "org", "name": "Wellcome Collection", "as": "the institution this address is, and the one that showed Lovett's charms in 1916 and again in 2011", "rel": "org", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the man who swapped alpine plants for the charms in Londoners' pockets and wrote down what they said about them", "rel": "person", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "lovett-collection", "type": "art", "name": "The Lovett collection", "as": "the collection itself, which this address holds the paper trail of rather than the objects", "rel": "art", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "where the charms actually are — the 1,400 amulets shown here in 2011 were borrowed back from Oxford", "rel": "place", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "as": "the birth membrane Lovett recorded in the hands of London sailors' families, bought against drowning", "rel": "carries", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "hagstone", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hagstone", "as": "the naturally perforated stone that runs all through his English material", "rel": "carries", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "as": "the pocket animal part of the same English habit as the mole's foot Wellcome bought in 1930", "rel": "parallel", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "walter-hildburgh", "type": "person", "name": "Walter Leo Hildburgh", "as": "the other amulet collector whose material passed through this building and out of it in 1985", "rel": "person", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the living tradition he recorded on the street while other collectors read about its past", "rel": "tradition", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read; a charm swapped face to face on a barrow is the awkward case in it", "rel": "story", "from": "wellcome-lovett" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign his 1992 casebook assembled the arguments about, from a dozen scholars at once", "rel": "motif", "from": "alan-dundes" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "one subject of that casebook — the Mediterranean bead, argued over by the writers he collected", "rel": "kin", "from": "alan-dundes" }, { "to": "challenge-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Challenge coin", "as": "an object his definition of 'folk' makes legible: a group with a tradition, not a survival from anywhere", "rel": "kin", "from": "alan-dundes" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the word whose folk use he treated as data rather than as error", "rel": "term", "from": "alan-dundes" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read; his casebook is the single best map of who disagrees with whom about this sign", "rel": "story", "from": "alan-dundes" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian whose eye material his casebook inherited, read through a century of argument", "rel": "contrast", "from": "alan-dundes" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the museum his 1884 gift created, and whose layout his Deed of Gift still governs", "rel": "org", "from": "augustus-pitt-rivers" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the charm cases, which are his typological principle applied to amulets", "rel": "place", "from": "augustus-pitt-rivers" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "one of the donors who fed the collection, giving between 1896 and 1911", "rel": "person", "from": "augustus-pitt-rivers" }, { "to": "walter-hildburgh", "type": "person", "name": "Walter Leo Hildburgh", "as": "the collector whose amulets reached the museum in 1985, long after the founder's scheme was set", "rel": "person", "from": "augustus-pitt-rivers" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read; his museum is where the question of who a charm in a case belongs to is asked most directly", "rel": "story", "from": "augustus-pitt-rivers" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "his contemporary in method — both sorted by small differences, one in trenches, one in cases", "rel": "parallel", "from": "augustus-pitt-rivers" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the kind of ordinary English object his scheme put in a case beside its equivalents from everywhere else", "rel": "kin", "from": "augustus-pitt-rivers" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the object class his 1950 book defined, named and made countable", "rel": "kin", "from": "campbell-bonner" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign his gems carry most consistently — names and vowel-strings cut beside the figure", "rel": "motif", "from": "campbell-bonner" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition his corpus belongs to, at its late and most mixed end", "rel": "tradition", "from": "campbell-bonner" }, { "to": "carnelian", "type": "material", "name": "Carnelian", "as": "one of the stones the gems are cut from, alongside haematite and jasper", "rel": "material", "from": "campbell-bonner" }, { "to": "christopher-faraone", "type": "person", "name": "Christopher A. Faraone", "as": "the classicist working the same Greek material two generations on, and asking how the amulets changed under Rome", "rel": "parallel", "from": "campbell-bonner" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice his method reads — image and cut text taken together, never separately", "rel": "practice", "from": "campbell-bonner" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on dating; an uninscribed gem with no find-spot is the hard case his typology exists for", "rel": "story", "from": "campbell-bonner" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the Roman-period object his 2018 book tracks the Greek amulet turning into", "rel": "kin", "from": "christopher-faraone" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition he studies, and the one he argues was remade rather than simply continued under Rome", "rel": "tradition", "from": "christopher-faraone" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the other half of the Greek magical record — the tablet aimed at somebody, beside the amulet aimed at nobody", "rel": "contrast", "from": "christopher-faraone" }, { "to": "gorgoneion", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gorgoneion", "as": "the guardian face; his first book took the guardian statue, of which this is the portable end", "rel": "kin", "from": "christopher-faraone" }, { "to": "campbell-bonner", "type": "person", "name": "Campbell Bonner", "as": "the scholar who first made the late Greek amulets a corpus he is now reading for change over time", "rel": "parallel", "from": "christopher-faraone" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read on the two words; his 1992 title puts the talisman question in the Greek material directly", "rel": "story", "from": "christopher-faraone" }, { "to": "lovett-collection", "type": "art", "name": "The Lovett collection", "as": "the collection itself — the trays of London street charms he swapped alpine plants for", "rel": "art", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "wellcome-collection", "type": "org", "name": "Wellcome Collection", "as": "the museum that exhibited his amulets in 1916 and again in 2011, and that publishes on them now", "rel": "org", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "where his donations went between 1896 and 1911, and where a large part of the material still sits", "rel": "org", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "as": "one of the objects he recorded in the hands of London sailors' families rather than in a book", "rel": "kin", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the living tradition he recorded on the street while other collectors were reading about its past", "rel": "tradition", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "his contemporary on the same subject, working Mediterranean markets where Lovett worked London barrows", "rel": "parallel", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice his method depended on — he bought and swapped rather than excavated", "rel": "practice", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "charm-word", "type": "term", "name": "charm", "as": "the word he used for what he collected, in the sense his informants used it", "rel": "term", "from": "edward-lovett" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "one of the classes his 1914 catalogue fixed, and the amulet his excavations turned up by the thousand", "rel": "kin", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the other Egyptian mass-produced amulet his sequence dating and his typology both had to handle", "rel": "kin", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition he catalogued; his class names are the ones the shelving still uses", "rel": "tradition", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "petrie-amulet-plates", "type": "art", "name": "Petrie's amulet plates", "as": "the plates from his 1914 book, and the reason a museum drawer looks the way it does", "rel": "art", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "his opponent on where Egyptian religion came from — Budge put it in Africa, Petrie in an invading race from outside", "rel": "contrast", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the museum whose Egyptology he fought with, and where he showed the Fayum portraits he forced Cairo to give back", "rel": "org", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the long read on how a charm gets a date; his pottery seriation is where the method starts", "rel": "story", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice his cemeteries recorded — over seventeen cemeteries between Hu and Abadiya alone", "rel": "practice", "from": "flinders-petrie" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign he catalogued across Europe in 1895, and the reason many of these objects are grouped together at all", "rel": "motif", "from": "frederick-elworthy" }, { "to": "cornicello", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cornicello", "as": "the Neapolitan horn he bought, drew and gave a book of its own in 1900", "rel": "kin", "from": "frederick-elworthy" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the sign he argued was doing the eye's work by another shape", "rel": "motif", "from": "frederick-elworthy" }, { "to": "cimaruta", "type": "amulet", "name": "Cimaruta", "as": "one of the Italian charms his fieldwork put into English print", "rel": "kin", "from": "frederick-elworthy" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition his two books first assembled as a single subject in English", "rel": "tradition", "from": "frederick-elworthy" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "his English contemporary, working the same decades on London streets rather than Mediterranean ones", "rel": "parallel", "from": "frederick-elworthy" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read his 1895 survey is the first English attempt at", "rel": "story", "from": "frederick-elworthy" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the object he and Shaked edited — text, translation and bowl printed together", "rel": "kin", "from": "joseph-naveh" }, { "to": "shaul-shaked", "type": "person", "name": "Shaul Shaked", "as": "his co-author on the Aramaic amulet and bowl editions, over roughly three decades", "rel": "person", "from": "joseph-naveh" }, { "to": "ketef-hinnom-scrolls", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls", "as": "the rolled silver amulet strip from Jerusalem — the object class his palaeography dates", "rel": "kin", "from": "joseph-naveh" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the later tradition these late antique Aramaic texts sit behind", "rel": "tradition", "from": "joseph-naveh" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign his editions are mostly reading: the names written into the bowls and strips", "rel": "motif", "from": "joseph-naveh" }, { "to": "silver", "type": "material", "name": "Silver", "as": "the metal the rolled amulet strips are beaten from, and the reason their text survives at all", "rel": "material", "from": "joseph-naveh" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice his whole method addresses — what was written, in which hand, and when", "rel": "practice", "from": "joseph-naveh" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the object his editions made readable, spiral line by spiral line", "rel": "kin", "from": "shaul-shaked" }, { "to": "joseph-naveh", "type": "person", "name": "Joseph Naveh", "as": "his co-author: Naveh brought the letter-forms, Shaked the Iranian side of the vocabulary", "rel": "person", "from": "shaul-shaked" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition whose late antique ancestor these bowls and strips are", "rel": "tradition", "from": "shaul-shaked" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the neighbouring tradition in the same region, which inherited some of the same formulas", "rel": "parallel", "from": "shaul-shaked" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "the sign the bowls turn on — whose names get written, and in which language", "rel": "motif", "from": "shaul-shaked" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the later pouched written charm of the same region, in Arabic rather than Aramaic", "rel": "descendant", "from": "shaul-shaked" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign his two 1910 volumes chased through every language he could read", "rel": "motif", "from": "siegfried-seligmann" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead form of the sign, one of the many he catalogued rather than one he singled out", "rel": "kin", "from": "siegfried-seligmann" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "his English counterpart, fifteen years earlier and far shorter; Seligmann read him", "rel": "parallel", "from": "siegfried-seligmann" }, { "to": "walter-hildburgh", "type": "person", "name": "Walter Leo Hildburgh", "as": "another private amulet collector of the same decades whose collection also ended up in a public museum", "rel": "parallel", "from": "siegfried-seligmann" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition his survey covers most densely, though he reached well past Europe", "rel": "tradition", "from": "siegfried-seligmann" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read; his 1910 volumes are its largest single source in any language", "rel": "story", "from": "siegfried-seligmann" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the collection he bought for and then kept, and the one his acquisition methods are now argued about inside", "rel": "org", "from": "wallis-budge" }, { "to": "budge-plates", "type": "art", "name": "Budge's amulet plates", "as": "the plates from his 1930 compendium, the widest single spread of amulet types anybody printed", "rel": "art", "from": "wallis-budge" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "his opponent: Petrie put Egyptian civilisation's origin in an invading race, Budge put it in Africa", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wallis-budge" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the Mesopotamian object his Iraq missions brought to London in quantity", "rel": "kin", "from": "wallis-budge" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the Gnostic and Graeco-Egyptian engraved stones his 1930 compendium gathered and illustrated alongside everything else", "rel": "kin", "from": "wallis-budge" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the word whose history his first chapter set out for a general readership, and largely fixed there", "rel": "term", "from": "wallis-budge" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on acquisition; his own account of getting tablets out of Baghdad is one of its documents", "rel": "story", "from": "wallis-budge" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "where his amulets landed in 1985, and where most of them are catalogued today", "rel": "org", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "wellcome-collection", "type": "org", "name": "Wellcome Collection", "as": "the collection he left the amulets to first, and which passed them on", "rel": "org", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the cases his material largely fills", "rel": "place", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "cowrie", "type": "material", "name": "Cowrie", "as": "one of the classes he published on, treating the shell as an amulet rather than as currency", "rel": "material", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the Spanish hand-shaped charm he wrote a paper on", "rel": "motif", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the closed hand with the thumb between the fingers, the Iberian form of what he was collecting", "rel": "kin", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "his London contemporary; both collections passed through Wellcome and both ended up scattered", "rel": "parallel", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on how a charm changes hands; a Hildburgh object has usually changed them four times", "rel": "story", "from": "walter-hildburgh" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read this record is the citation behind — the reason Australia is mostly blank on this map is published policy, not an oversight", "rel": "story", "from": "aiatsis" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership; the deposit clause here is the clearest model of a collection held under somebody else's conditions", "rel": "story", "from": "aiatsis" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "the other national institution in this atlas that works to the terms of the people whose material it holds", "rel": "parallel", "from": "aiatsis" }, { "to": "nagpra", "type": "org", "name": "The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act", "as": "the American statute doing part of the same work by law rather than by protocol, and covering only remains and named categories of object", "rel": "contrast", "from": "aiatsis" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the Oxford museum that returned the remains of 17 Aboriginal Australians to the Australian government in 2022", "rel": "contrast", "from": "aiatsis" }, { "to": "wikimedia-commons", "type": "org", "name": "Wikimedia Commons", "as": "the opposite arrangement: a repository whose whole premise is that anyone may reuse anything in it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "aiatsis" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the UNESCO instrument this institute is often assumed to work under; its language collection is on a different UNESCO register", "rel": "contrast", "from": "aiatsis" }, { "to": "british-museum-room-1", "type": "place", "name": "Room 1: Enlightenment, the British Museum", "as": "the room inside it this atlas sends a reader to", "rel": "place", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "its keeper of Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities from 1894 to 1924, and the buyer of much of what is here", "rel": "person", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "held here in quantity — the Egyptian amulet the collection has most of", "rel": "carries", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "the Mesopotamian object Budge's Iraq missions brought to Bloomsbury", "rel": "carries", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "wikimedia-commons", "type": "org", "name": "Wikimedia Commons", "as": "the repository this museum's images cannot go to, because the licence forbids commercial use", "rel": "contrast", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "metropolitan-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "the comparison case: the same kind of collection, released under CC0 instead", "rel": "contrast", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership; the 1963 Act argument is its clearest statement of one side", "rel": "story", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the long read on licensing, where this museum is the worked example of a licence that looks open and is not", "rel": "story", "from": "british-museum" }, { "to": "met-egyptian-galleries", "type": "place", "name": "The Egyptian galleries, the Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "the forty rooms inside it this atlas sends a reader to", "rel": "place", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "held here and photographed here, under a licence that lets this atlas reproduce the photograph", "rel": "carries", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "another Egyptian class the 1906–1941 excavations supplied with find-spots attached", "rel": "carries", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "wikimedia-commons", "type": "org", "name": "Wikimedia Commons", "as": "where its CC0 images can legally live, which is why Met pictures turn up across this atlas", "rel": "org", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the comparison case: a similar collection published under a non-commercial licence instead", "rel": "contrast", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "nagpra", "type": "org", "name": "The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act", "as": "the US law its Indigenous American holdings were reported in 2023 to have sat outside, via loans rather than ownership", "rel": "org", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the long read on licensing; CC0 here is the case that works", "rel": "story", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership, where seizures and returns since 2006 are the evidence", "rel": "story", "from": "metropolitan-museum" }, { "to": "metropolitan-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "the museum reported in 2023 to have held Indigenous American objects on loan rather than owning them, which kept them outside this Act", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nagpra" }, { "to": "dreamcatcher", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dreamcatcher", "as": "the Ojibwe object most often sold by people with no claim to it — a market this Act does not touch", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nagpra" }, { "to": "grave-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Grave deposit", "as": "the practice the Act exists to answer: what was buried with somebody, and who it still belongs to", "rel": "practice", "from": "nagpra" }, { "to": "aiatsis", "type": "org", "name": "Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies", "as": "the Australian counterpart, working by protocol and deposit conditions where this works by statute and funding", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nagpra" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "the national museum running the same argument from the claimant's side, across borders rather than inside one", "rel": "parallel", "from": "nagpra" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership, of which this is the only piece of binding law in the set", "rel": "story", "from": "nagpra" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read on restriction; the Act's categories of sacred object and cultural patrimony are one workable definition of the line", "rel": "story", "from": "nagpra" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the charm cases themselves, which is where a reader actually meets this collection", "rel": "place", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "augustus-pitt-rivers", "type": "person", "name": "Augustus Pitt Rivers", "as": "the founder whose 1884 Deed of Gift still fixes how the cases are laid out", "rel": "person", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the donor of the London street charms, given between 1896 and 1911", "rel": "person", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "walter-hildburgh", "type": "person", "name": "Walter Leo Hildburgh", "as": "the collector whose amulets came here from Wellcome in 1985", "rel": "person", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "wellcome-collection", "type": "org", "name": "Wellcome Collection", "as": "the collection that passed its amulet material to Oxford in 1985", "rel": "org", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition its English cases document most densely, thanks to Lovett", "rel": "tradition", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership; this museum's own labels since 2020 are part of the argument", "rel": "story", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read on restricted material, which this museum's 2020 removals bear on directly", "rel": "story", "from": "pitt-rivers-museum" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the Central African class of charged object held here in quantity, and named in restitution claims", "rel": "carries", "from": "quai-branly" }, { "to": "akodessewa-market", "type": "place", "name": "Akodessawa fetish market", "as": "the West African market where objects of the classes shown here as art are still traded and still made", "rel": "contrast", "from": "quai-branly" }, { "to": "akuaba-figure", "type": "amulet", "name": "Akua'ba", "as": "the Akan figure held in its West African collections", "rel": "carries", "from": "quai-branly" }, { "to": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "as": "the tradition much of its Central African holding comes from", "rel": "tradition", "from": "quai-branly" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "the museum that asked it for Māori remains and received them in January 2012", "rel": "contrast", "from": "quai-branly" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the other institution where the inalienability argument is made, under a different statute", "rel": "parallel", "from": "quai-branly" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership; the Sarr–Savoy report of 2018 is its clearest recent document", "rel": "story", "from": "quai-branly" }, { "to": "te-papa-taonga", "type": "place", "name": "Mana Whenua, Te Papa", "as": "the taonga display inside it, which is where a reader meets this collection", "rel": "place", "from": "te-papa" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "the pounamu neck pendant the museum holds and interprets as taonga, not as a specimen", "rel": "carries", "from": "te-papa" }, { "to": "hei-matau", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei matau", "as": "the hook pendant held here in the same collections", "rel": "carries", "from": "te-papa" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "the tradition whose terms this museum works on, by statute and by design", "rel": "tradition", "from": "te-papa" }, { "to": "quai-branly", "type": "org", "name": "Musée du quai Branly — Jacques Chirac", "as": "the Paris museum it asked for Māori remains, and got them back from in January 2012", "rel": "contrast", "from": "te-papa" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the long read on restriction; Te Papa's taonga request is one of its worked examples", "rel": "story", "from": "te-papa" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership, argued here from the claimant's side rather than the holder's", "rel": "story", "from": "te-papa" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the kind of living craft tradition the Convention's traditional-craftsmanship domain is written for", "rel": "tradition", "from": "unesco-ich" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "a shrine-linked making and selling practice of the sort the lists take in", "rel": "tradition", "from": "unesco-ich" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "a tradition where the community-recognition clause does the work, not the list", "rel": "tradition", "from": "unesco-ich" }, { "to": "aiatsis", "type": "org", "name": "Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies", "as": "the Australian institute often confused with this programme; its language collection sits on UNESCO's Memory of the World register instead", "rel": "contrast", "from": "unesco-ich" }, { "to": "nagpra", "type": "org", "name": "The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act", "as": "the contrast in kind: a binding national statute about objects, against an international list about practices", "rel": "contrast", "from": "unesco-ich" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership, where inscription is the thing most often mistaken for a property claim", "rel": "story", "from": "unesco-ich" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read on authentication; an inscription settles nothing about whether a given object is what a seller says it is", "rel": "story", "from": "unesco-ich" }, { "to": "wellcome-lovett", "type": "place", "name": "The Lovett charms at Wellcome Collection", "as": "the Lovett material inside it, which is the part of this collection this atlas sends a reader to", "rel": "place", "from": "wellcome-collection" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the folklorist who curated here in 1916 and whose charms it showed again in 2011", "rel": "person", "from": "wellcome-collection" }, { "to": "walter-hildburgh", "type": "person", "name": "Walter Leo Hildburgh", "as": "the collector who bequeathed his amulets here before they went on to Oxford", "rel": "person", "from": "wellcome-collection" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "where the Hildburgh amulet material was transferred in 1985", "rel": "org", "from": "wellcome-collection" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the North African written charm class Henry Wellcome bought in bulk", "rel": "carries", "from": "wellcome-collection" }, { "to": "wikimedia-commons", "type": "org", "name": "Wikimedia Commons", "as": "where its attribution and public-domain items can be hosted; its non-commercial ones cannot", "rel": "org", "from": "wellcome-collection" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the long read on licensing, where a per-item licence like this one is the awkward middle case", "rel": "story", "from": "wellcome-collection" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the long read this record is the machinery behind — what this atlas may show, and why the gaps are where they are", "rel": "story", "from": "wikimedia-commons" }, { "to": "metropolitan-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "as": "the collection whose CC0 release clears this bar, which is why Met photographs run through these records", "rel": "org", "from": "wikimedia-commons" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the collection whose non-commercial licence does not clear it, however large the collection is", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wikimedia-commons" }, { "to": "wellcome-collection", "type": "org", "name": "Wellcome Collection", "as": "the mixed case: some of its items clear the bar and some do not, so each file is checked singly", "rel": "org", "from": "wikimedia-commons" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "a collection with openly available images and, separately, a request about taonga this atlas honours regardless of licence", "rel": "org", "from": "wikimedia-commons" }, { "to": "aiatsis", "type": "org", "name": "Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies", "as": "the opposite premise: a collection where access conditions travel with the item and open reuse is not the default", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wikimedia-commons" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on ownership; a free licence on a photograph settles nothing about the object in it", "rel": "story", "from": "wikimedia-commons" }, { "to": "palindrome-word", "type": "motif", "name": "The word that reads both ways", "as": "the family this belongs to: a written formula whose arrangement is the claim", "rel": "motif", "from": "abracadabra" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the other arrangement-as-claim — letters or numbers laid out so the grid does the work", "rel": "motif", "from": "abracadabra" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "where the word turns up cut in stone, on Abraxas stones worn as amulets", "rel": "term", "from": "abracadabra" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the opposite-facing object from the same Roman world: writing folded to do harm rather than to lift it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "abracadabra" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice the whole thing consists of — no material, no shape, just the writing of it", "rel": "practice", "from": "abracadabra" }, { "to": "charm-word", "type": "term", "name": "charm", "as": "the English word that began exactly here, at the spell said rather than the object worn", "rel": "term", "from": "abracadabra" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the picture piece where the triangle is set beside the other written figures", "rel": "art", "from": "abracadabra" }, { "to": "talisman-word", "type": "term", "name": "talisman", "as": "the word it is paired with and sometimes distinguished from — protection on this side, fortune on that, when a writer bothers to split them", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amulet-word" }, { "to": "charm-word", "type": "term", "name": "charm", "as": "the older English word, which started as the spoken spell and only later meant the object", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amulet-word" }, { "to": "phylactery-word", "type": "term", "name": "phylactery", "as": "used as a general synonym for any amulet, and at the same time the fixed English word for tefillin", "rel": "same-word", "from": "amulet-word" }, { "to": "periapt", "type": "term", "name": "periapt", "as": "the near-dead English synonym, kept alive by antiquarians and by translators out of Greek", "rel": "same-word", "from": "amulet-word" }, { "to": "apotropaic-word", "type": "term", "name": "apotropaic", "as": "the scholar's adjective for the same objects, describing the function and claiming nothing for it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amulet-word" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "the other European cover-word for other people's objects — and the one this atlas uses for its own history only", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amulet-word" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read that takes this disagreement apart instead of settling it", "rel": "story", "from": "amulet-word" }, { "to": "ward-word", "type": "term", "name": "ward", "as": "the Old English verb that translates this Greek one — the same act, arriving in English from the other direction", "rel": "same-word", "from": "apotropaic-word" }, { "to": "periapt", "type": "term", "name": "periapt", "as": "one of the Greek protective words this adjective outlived, and the only other to reach English", "rel": "same-word", "from": "apotropaic-word" }, { "to": "greco-roman-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Greek and Roman protective magic", "as": "the tradition the word was quarried out of, and the one it now labels", "rel": "tradition", "from": "apotropaic-word" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the practices that never used the word and get filed under it anyway", "rel": "tradition", "from": "apotropaic-word" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "the Roman object this adjective is applied to more often than any other", "rel": "term", "from": "apotropaic-word" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the noun beside this adjective; one names the thing, the other names what it is for", "rel": "contrast", "from": "apotropaic-word" }, { "to": "abracadabra", "type": "term", "name": "abracadabra", "as": "the charm that never stopped being only words, and the one with a dated first appearance", "rel": "term", "from": "charm-word" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the Latinate cover-word that took over the object sense in catalogues, leaving charm to the bracelet and the compliment", "rel": "contrast", "from": "charm-word" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the word it is welded to — good luck charm is the compound most English speakers actually use", "rel": "kin", "from": "charm-word" }, { "to": "four-leaf-clover", "type": "amulet", "name": "Four-leaf clover", "as": "the object a British or American reader is likeliest to name when the word is said", "rel": "term", "from": "charm-word" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the sense alive on a student's desk this year: an object carried for one occasion", "rel": "term", "from": "charm-word" }, { "to": "mascot-word", "type": "term", "name": "mascot", "as": "the nineteenth-century French import that took over the luck-bringing sense in sport and in advertising", "rel": "contrast", "from": "charm-word" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the Kikongo word for objects Europeans filed under this one — the name the makers use, and the one this atlas uses", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fetish-word" }, { "to": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "as": "the tradition most damaged by the labelling, and the one whose vocabulary replaces it here", "rel": "tradition", "from": "fetish-word" }, { "to": "akodessewa-market", "type": "place", "name": "Akodessawa fetish market", "as": "the market in Lomé that carries the word in its own French name, which is the complication this record cannot tidy away", "rel": "place", "from": "fetish-word" }, { "to": "juju-word", "type": "term", "name": "juju", "as": "the other outsiders' word for West African practice, contested in the same way and still current", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fetish-word" }, { "to": "vodou-not-voodoo", "type": "term", "name": "Vodou and Vodún — and the spelling this atlas does not use", "as": "the neighbouring case: a religion renamed by the people describing it, with a spelling to match", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fetish-word" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the cover-word Europeans used for their own protective objects while this one was used for other people's", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fetish-word" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read this record feeds: who gets to name a thing, and what the naming does", "rel": "story", "from": "fetish-word" }, { "to": "fu-talisman", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fu talisman", "as": "the object the second character names: the drawn Taoist talisman, written by a priest", "rel": "term", "from": "fu-word" }, { "to": "ping-an-fu", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ping'an fu", "as": "the peace-and-safety charm that carries the word in its name", "rel": "term", "from": "fu-word" }, { "to": "chinese-fu-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition both characters belong to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "fu-word" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the Japanese descendant of fulu — the same word, crossed over and re-cut", "rel": "descendant", "from": "fu-word" }, { "to": "bujeok", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bujeok", "as": "the Korean descendant of the same script, kept in a small brocade bag", "rel": "descendant", "from": "fu-word" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the fortune character exists for: paper, paste, doorpost, once a year", "rel": "practice", "from": "fu-word" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the English word that translates 福 and carries none of the pun", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fu-word" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the object this word names: the sack itself, its contents and its maker", "rel": "term", "from": "gris-gris-word" }, { "to": "taweez-word", "type": "term", "name": "taweez", "as": "the Arabic word for the same idea — Qur'anic text folded and worn — which is what a Mande marabout is writing", "rel": "kin", "from": "gris-gris-word" }, { "to": "mojo-word", "type": "term", "name": "mojo", "as": "the other African-derived word for a worn sack in Louisiana, out of the Kongo rather than the Muslim west", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gris-gris-word" }, { "to": "juju-word", "type": "term", "name": "juju", "as": "the outsiders' cover-word that often swallowed this one in English writing", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gris-gris-word" }, { "to": "vodou-not-voodoo", "type": "term", "name": "Vodou and Vodún — and the spelling this atlas does not use", "as": "the tradition this word was carried into, and the spelling argument that comes with naming it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gris-gris-word" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition behind the paper inside the sack: written Qur'anic text, worn", "rel": "tradition", "from": "gris-gris-word" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the same object under another name further east — a pouch holding written scripture", "rel": "parallel", "from": "gris-gris-word" }, { "to": "hamsa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hamsa", "as": "the object the word counts: the open hand, usually with an eye set in the palm", "rel": "term", "from": "hamsa-word" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "the sign the number is counting, and the reason the word means what it does", "rel": "motif", "from": "hamsa-word" }, { "to": "open-palm", "type": "motif", "name": "The open palm", "as": "the gesture inside the word — the raised palm of khamsa fi ainek", "rel": "motif", "from": "hamsa-word" }, { "to": "nazar-word", "type": "term", "name": "nazar", "as": "the other word for the same harm, naming the look where this one names the answer", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hamsa-word" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "where both words end up: the same two signs on one bought object", "rel": "term", "from": "hamsa-word" }, { "to": "marrakesh-souk", "type": "place", "name": "The Marrakesh souk", "as": "a market where the Arabic word and the French nickname are both on the same stall", "rel": "place", "from": "hamsa-word" }, { "to": "mojo-word", "type": "term", "name": "mojo", "as": "the American cousin: another word with contested African roots that popular music carried out of its home", "rel": "contrast", "from": "juju-word" }, { "to": "gris-gris-word", "type": "term", "name": "gris-gris", "as": "the Mande word for the object, where this one is an outsiders' word for the whole practice", "rel": "contrast", "from": "juju-word" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "the earlier European coinage for the same coast, and the one that hardened into a theory of religion", "rel": "contrast", "from": "juju-word" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the tradition the word is pointed at, which has its own names for everything in it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "juju-word" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "a Central African object often swept under this word by writers who did not ask what its makers called it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "juju-word" }, { "to": "vodou-not-voodoo", "type": "term", "name": "Vodou and Vodún — and the spelling this atlas does not use", "as": "the same argument one country over, where the spelling itself became the fight", "rel": "parallel", "from": "juju-word" }, { "to": "charm-word", "type": "term", "name": "charm", "as": "the word it is welded to — good luck charm is the compound, and neither half means what it used to", "rel": "kin", "from": "luck-word" }, { "to": "mascot-word", "type": "term", "name": "mascot", "as": "the French import that took the luck-bringing job in sport and commerce four centuries later", "rel": "kin", "from": "luck-word" }, { "to": "four-leaf-clover", "type": "amulet", "name": "Four-leaf clover", "as": "the object an English speaker names first when the word is said", "rel": "term", "from": "luck-word" }, { "to": "rabbits-foot", "type": "amulet", "name": "Rabbit's foot", "as": "the other one, and the one that shows how little the word cares where an object came from", "rel": "term", "from": "luck-word" }, { "to": "maneki-neko", "type": "amulet", "name": "Maneki-neko", "as": "what the word is used to translate in a Japanese shop window, flattening a beckoning cat into a luck object", "rel": "contrast", "from": "luck-word" }, { "to": "fu-word", "type": "term", "name": "fu", "as": "the Chinese character English renders as luck, losing the pun the whole practice runs on", "rel": "contrast", "from": "luck-word" }, { "to": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "as": "the sense at its most modern and most literal: an object carried against one specific uncertain outcome", "rel": "term", "from": "luck-word" }, { "to": "luck-word", "type": "term", "name": "luck", "as": "the word it imports into English commerce — mascotte glossed as lucky charm, nothing more complicated", "rel": "kin", "from": "mascot-word" }, { "to": "charm-word", "type": "term", "name": "charm", "as": "the older English word it took the luck-bringing job from, in sport and in advertising", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mascot-word" }, { "to": "game-day-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Game-day charm", "as": "what a supporter carries, where the mascot is what the club owns", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mascot-word" }, { "to": "challenge-coin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Challenge coin", "as": "the military parallel: an object that stands for a unit and is carried by its members", "rel": "parallel", "from": "mascot-word" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the private version of the same idea, with no costume and no crowd", "rel": "kin", "from": "mascot-word" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read the Native American mascot argument belongs to", "rel": "story", "from": "mascot-word" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the Central African object Wikipedia's account names as the mojo bag's ancestor, and whose cavity the word may be named after", "rel": "origin", "from": "mojo-word" }, { "to": "bakongo-nkisi-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Bakongo nkisi craft", "as": "the tradition the bag and the word both come out of", "rel": "tradition", "from": "mojo-word" }, { "to": "gris-gris-word", "type": "term", "name": "gris-gris", "as": "the other African-derived word for a worn cloth sack in Louisiana, from the Muslim west rather than the Kongo", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mojo-word" }, { "to": "juju-word", "type": "term", "name": "juju", "as": "the parallel argument over an African etymology, fought with different candidates", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mojo-word" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "what European writers called the objects this word names, before anyone asked the makers", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mojo-word" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on words and objects that leave the community that built them", "rel": "story", "from": "mojo-word" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the object the word rides on: the blue glass disc itself", "rel": "term", "from": "nazar-word" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign the word is about, and the one thing every language in its range agrees on", "rel": "motif", "from": "nazar-word" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "what the word now sells by the million, in airports and online", "rel": "term", "from": "nazar-word" }, { "to": "hamsa-word", "type": "term", "name": "hamsa", "as": "the other word for the same harm, which names a number instead of a look", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nazar-word" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "the market where the word and the bead are both on every stall", "rel": "place", "from": "nazar-word" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the long read this word is the modern end of", "rel": "story", "from": "nazar-word" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the object the word names, bag and prayer and all", "rel": "term", "from": "omamori-word" }, { "to": "ofuda", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ofuda", "as": "the paper tablet the same shrines issue for the household rather than the person", "rel": "contrast", "from": "omamori-word" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition this word sits inside, alongside the lucky objects that are not shrine issue", "rel": "tradition", "from": "omamori-word" }, { "to": "renewing-yearly", "type": "practice", "name": "Renewing yearly", "as": "the practice the word implies — an omamori has a term, and the term is a year", "rel": "practice", "from": "omamori-word" }, { "to": "burning-retirement", "type": "practice", "name": "Burning at retirement", "as": "how it ends: returned to the shrine it came from and burnt", "rel": "practice", "from": "omamori-word" }, { "to": "fushimi-inari", "type": "place", "name": "Fushimi Inari-taisha", "as": "one of the shrines the word is bought at, at the scale that makes factories an issue", "rel": "place", "from": "omamori-word" }, { "to": "fu-word", "type": "term", "name": "fu", "as": "the mainland word behind the paper charm this one wraps — fulu into ofuda into the bag", "rel": "origin", "from": "omamori-word" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the word that beat it — both mean a worn protective object, and only one is still sold in bookshops", "rel": "same-word", "from": "periapt" }, { "to": "apotropaic-word", "type": "term", "name": "apotropaic", "as": "the other Greek survivor in English, and the one the academy kept instead of this", "rel": "same-word", "from": "periapt" }, { "to": "phylactery-word", "type": "term", "name": "phylactery", "as": "its neighbour in the ancient Greek list, phylaktiria beside periapta, and the one the New Testament made permanent", "rel": "contrast", "from": "periapt" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the class of object Victorian writers were usually describing when they reached for this word", "rel": "term", "from": "periapt" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian cataloguer whose generation kept the word in print", "rel": "person", "from": "periapt" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the practice this word rules out — a periapt hangs where it can be seen", "rel": "contrast", "from": "periapt" }, { "to": "tefillin", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tefillin", "as": "the object the Greek word was put on, and still the standard English rendering in Bible translation", "rel": "same-word", "from": "phylactery-word" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the cover-word phylactery is sometimes swapped for, wrongly and often", "rel": "contrast", "from": "phylactery-word" }, { "to": "jewish-practical-kabbalah", "type": "tradition", "name": "Practical Kabbalah", "as": "the tradition whose written amulets English also reaches for this word to describe", "rel": "tradition", "from": "phylactery-word" }, { "to": "kamea", "type": "amulet", "name": "Kamea", "as": "the written Jewish amulet a careless writer will call a phylactery, though the tradition keeps them apart", "rel": "contrast", "from": "phylactery-word" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "what is actually inside the boxes: text, not a sign", "rel": "motif", "from": "phylactery-word" }, { "to": "the-charm-goes-digital", "type": "story", "name": "The charm goes digital", "as": "where the third sense belongs — a charm that exists only inside a game's rules", "rel": "story", "from": "phylactery-word" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the word it is set against — fortune in, harm away — by writers who split them at all", "rel": "contrast", "from": "talisman-word" }, { "to": "taweez-word", "type": "term", "name": "taweez", "as": "the Arabic word for the worn object, where this one is the Arabic word for the made figure", "rel": "contrast", "from": "talisman-word" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition whose own vocabulary this word was lifted out of", "rel": "tradition", "from": "talisman-word" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "exactly the thing the 1630s English sense named: a figure cut in stone under stated observances", "rel": "term", "from": "talisman-word" }, { "to": "talismanic-shirt", "type": "amulet", "name": "Talismanic shirt", "as": "the largest object the word covers — a garment written all over and worn under armour", "rel": "term", "from": "talisman-word" }, { "to": "yantra-word", "type": "term", "name": "yantra", "as": "the Sanskrit parallel: another word meaning an instrument built to do work, later meaning a drawn figure", "rel": "parallel", "from": "talisman-word" }, { "to": "amulet-or-talisman", "type": "story", "name": "Amulet or talisman?", "as": "the long read on this pair of words and the museum labels that pick between them", "rel": "story", "from": "talisman-word" }, { "to": "taweez", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ta'wiz", "as": "the object the word names: the case and the folded text inside it", "rel": "term", "from": "taweez-word" }, { "to": "quran-pendant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Qur'an pendant", "as": "the same idea in metal and glass — scripture carried where it can be seen", "rel": "term", "from": "taweez-word" }, { "to": "hirz-pouch", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hirz", "as": "the pouch form of the same practice, sewn rather than cased", "rel": "term", "from": "taweez-word" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition this word belongs to, and the one that argues about it", "rel": "tradition", "from": "taweez-word" }, { "to": "gris-gris-word", "type": "term", "name": "gris-gris", "as": "the West African word for the same object, where the Mande marabout writes what the Arabic word names", "rel": "kin", "from": "taweez-word" }, { "to": "talisman-word", "type": "term", "name": "talisman", "as": "the other Arabic word English took — that one for the made figure, this one for the worn text", "rel": "contrast", "from": "taweez-word" }, { "to": "divine-name", "type": "motif", "name": "The name", "as": "what is written inside more often than anything else", "rel": "motif", "from": "taweez-word" }, { "to": "gris-gris", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gris-gris", "as": "the object carried into Haiti and Louisiana under a Mande name, and kept in Haitian practice with its West African sense intact", "rel": "term", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "gris-gris-word", "type": "term", "name": "gris-gris", "as": "the word whose charge changed on the American shore, in the same crossing that changed this one", "rel": "contrast", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "juju-word", "type": "term", "name": "juju", "as": "the neighbouring outsiders' word for West African practice, contested on its etymology rather than its spelling", "rel": "contrast", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "fetish-word", "type": "term", "name": "fetish", "as": "the older European coinage aimed at the same coast, and the one that hardened into a theory of religion", "rel": "contrast", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "the Kongo side of what formed in Haiti, and another object renamed by the people describing it", "rel": "kin", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "west-african-charm-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "West African charm craft", "as": "the practice the Fon word comes out of, before any of this reached print in English", "rel": "tradition", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the statement of what is withheld here, including the initiations this record names and does not describe", "rel": "story", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read on naming: who gets to spell somebody else's religion, and what the spelling then carries", "rel": "story", "from": "vodou-not-voodoo" }, { "to": "apotropaic-word", "type": "term", "name": "apotropaic", "as": "the Greek adjective whose verb means precisely this, and the one the academy uses instead", "rel": "same-word", "from": "ward-word" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the object an English speaker is likeliest to use the verb about — nailed up, it wards", "rel": "term", "from": "ward-word" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the practice the verb is nearly always attached to in English writing", "rel": "practice", "from": "ward-word" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition that thinks in this word rather than in the Greek one", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ward-word" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the noun for the thing that does the warding, arriving in English a thousand years later", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ward-word" }, { "to": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "as": "a warding practice found in walls and under floors, named in English long before anyone called it apotropaic", "rel": "term", "from": "ward-word" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the object the word names in South Asia: the diagram drawn or engraved and then energised", "rel": "term", "from": "yantra-word" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the word carried into Khmer, Thai and Lao as yant, welded to a native word for tattooing", "rel": "descendant", "from": "yantra-word" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition the diagram belongs to at home", "rel": "tradition", "from": "yantra-word" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the tradition it belongs to at the other end of the journey", "rel": "tradition", "from": "yantra-word" }, { "to": "magic-square", "type": "motif", "name": "The number square", "as": "the numbered cousin — another figure whose power is claimed to sit in its arrangement", "rel": "motif", "from": "yantra-word" }, { "to": "inscribing", "type": "practice", "name": "Inscribing", "as": "the practice the word requires: a yantra is drawn before it is anything", "rel": "practice", "from": "yantra-word" }, { "to": "talisman-word", "type": "term", "name": "talisman", "as": "the Arabic-derived English word for the same idea, an object made under conditions to do work", "rel": "parallel", "from": "yantra-word" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "the keeper who assembled these plates, and the buyer whose acquisition methods are part of the record", "rel": "person", "from": "budge-plates" }, { "to": "petrie-amulet-plates", "type": "art", "name": "Petrie's amulet plates", "as": "the other amulet picture-book of the period — dug up and sorted, where Budge's was bought and compared", "rel": "contrast", "from": "budge-plates" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the collection Budge built and photographed from, and the one most of these objects still sit in", "rel": "held-at", "from": "budge-plates" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "one of the Mesopotamian classes these plates put in front of a European reader for the first time", "rel": "carries", "from": "budge-plates" }, { "to": "magical-gem", "type": "amulet", "name": "Magical gem", "as": "the Gnostic and Graeco-Egyptian stones that fill several of the plates", "rel": "carries", "from": "budge-plates" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read that starts from how objects like these reached London", "rel": "story", "from": "budge-plates" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "why these plates are named here and not shown here: the catalogue record says in copyright", "rel": "story", "from": "budge-plates" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "the stamped metal charm pinned to the same walls, and often sold from the same table", "rel": "carries", "from": "ex-voto-wall" }, { "to": "tama-votive", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tama", "as": "the Orthodox equivalent, which the Mexican milagro corresponds to almost exactly", "rel": "parallel", "from": "ex-voto-wall" }, { "to": "votive-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The votive wall", "as": "the unpainted version of the same surface — plaques and crutches instead of pictures", "rel": "kin", "from": "ex-voto-wall" }, { "to": "latin-american-folk-catholic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Latin American folk Catholic charm practice", "as": "the tradition that keeps this format alive on tin", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ex-voto-wall" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the wider category the Church itself places these near, and distinguishes from charms", "rel": "tradition", "from": "ex-voto-wall" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "a market where the panels, the charms and the candles are sold within a few aisles of each other", "rel": "place", "from": "ex-voto-wall" }, { "to": "edward-lovett", "type": "person", "name": "Edward Lovett", "as": "the bank cashier who assembled this, and who wrote down the carrier as well as the charm", "rel": "person", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-charms", "type": "place", "name": "The amulet and charm cases, Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "where his donations of 1896–1911 went, and where they are still displayed by type", "rel": "held-at", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "wellcome-lovett", "type": "place", "name": "The Lovett charms at Wellcome Collection", "as": "the other room these objects come back to, most recently in Charmed Life in 2011–12", "rel": "held-at", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "caul", "type": "amulet", "name": "Caul", "as": "one of the classes he collected in quantity from London sailors and their families", "rel": "carries", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "horseshoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Horseshoe", "as": "the street charm he found nailed above more London doors than any other", "rel": "carries", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition he was documenting, at the point where it was moving from countryside to city", "rel": "tradition", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "his older contemporary, who built the comparable collection and left it to Taunton", "rel": "person", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the long read about how collections were formed, and what the Wellcome has since said about its own", "rel": "story", "from": "lovett-collection" }, { "to": "grand-bazaar", "type": "place", "name": "The Grand Bazaar", "as": "the market that ran for four centuries with the street name as its only sign", "rel": "place", "from": "market-stall-sign" }, { "to": "mercado-de-sonora", "type": "place", "name": "Mercado de Sonora", "as": "the opposite case — the label is on the bottle and it names the wish, not the object", "rel": "place", "from": "market-stall-sign" }, { "to": "tha-phrachan", "type": "place", "name": "Tha Phrachan amulet market", "as": "where the certificate does the work a sign would, because provenance is the price", "rel": "place", "from": "market-stall-sign" }, { "to": "khan-el-khalili", "type": "place", "name": "Khan el-Khalili", "as": "a bazaar zoned by trade, where the district's layout still tells a buyer where to walk", "rel": "place", "from": "market-stall-sign" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice this picture frames — the moment before money changes hands", "rel": "practice", "from": "market-stall-sign" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the long read about what the certificate is for", "rel": "story", "from": "market-stall-sign" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator who made these plates, and whose sorting is still the shape of a museum amulet drawer", "rel": "person", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "budge-plates", "type": "art", "name": "Budge's amulet plates", "as": "the other great amulet picture-book of the period, made from purchases rather than from digs", "rel": "contrast", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the class that fills the most rows on these plates, because Egypt made more of it than of anything else", "rel": "carries", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "scarab", "type": "amulet", "name": "Scarab", "as": "the other class that runs to page after page here", "rel": "carries", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "egyptian-amulet-craft", "type": "tradition", "name": "Egyptian amulet craft", "as": "the tradition these plates put in order", "rel": "tradition", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "faience", "type": "material", "name": "Faience", "as": "the material most of the objects in these rows are made of", "rel": "material", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the atlas's own answer to the same problem — one picture for a class, not a portrait of one object", "rel": "parallel", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "why these plates can appear here at all: no visible copyright notice, 1914", "rel": "story", "from": "petrie-amulet-plates" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the first glyph in the set, and the one the whole drawing style was settled on", "rel": "motif", "from": "the-drawn-signs" }, { "to": "hand", "type": "motif", "name": "The hand", "as": "drawn twice here — as a hamsa-style hand and as an open palm, because the two are used differently", "rel": "motif", "from": "the-drawn-signs" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "drawn as the twisted cornicello and not as a curled sheep's horn, on the published description", "rel": "motif", "from": "the-drawn-signs" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "the glyph that needs a page of explanation beside it, and has one", "rel": "motif", "from": "the-drawn-signs" }, { "to": "the-swastika-problem", "type": "story", "name": "The swastika problem", "as": "the long read that sits behind one of these twenty-six drawings", "rel": "story", "from": "the-drawn-signs" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the licence record: what you may do with these drawings, in full", "rel": "story", "from": "the-drawn-signs" }, { "to": "petrie-amulet-plates", "type": "art", "name": "Petrie's amulet plates", "as": "the 1914 ancestor of the same idea — a picture made to show a class rather than a specimen", "rel": "origin", "from": "the-drawn-signs" }, { "to": "tama-votive", "type": "amulet", "name": "Tama", "as": "the metal plaque this wall is mostly made of in Greece and the Orthodox world", "rel": "carries", "from": "votive-wall" }, { "to": "milagro", "type": "amulet", "name": "Milagro", "as": "its Latin American twin — the same body parts, hammered in tin instead of silver", "rel": "carries", "from": "votive-wall" }, { "to": "ex-voto-wall", "type": "art", "name": "The ex-voto wall", "as": "the painted version of the same surface: a panel that tells the story instead of naming the part", "rel": "kin", "from": "votive-wall" }, { "to": "blessing-at-a-shrine", "type": "practice", "name": "Blessing at a shrine", "as": "the practice that fills it — you leave the plaque where the power is, not where you live", "rel": "practice", "from": "votive-wall" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the wish that dominates certain Japanese racks every winter, and once caused a scandal about who keeps the money", "rel": "parallel", "from": "votive-wall" }, { "to": "quiapo-church", "type": "place", "name": "Quiapo Church", "as": "a shrine where the same accumulation happens around the doors rather than on a rack", "rel": "place", "from": "votive-wall" }, { "to": "sak-yant", "type": "amulet", "name": "Sak yant", "as": "the tattoo this sheet is the menu for", "rel": "carries", "from": "yant-flash" }, { "to": "yantra-plate", "type": "amulet", "name": "Yantra plate", "as": "the same geometry on metal or paper instead of skin — the older medium of the two", "rel": "parallel", "from": "yant-flash" }, { "to": "thai-wicha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Thai wicha", "as": "the tradition whose practitioners draw these, and set the rules that come with them", "rel": "tradition", "from": "yant-flash" }, { "to": "tattooing", "type": "practice", "name": "Tattooing", "as": "the practice the sheet exists to serve, needle and all", "rel": "practice", "from": "yant-flash" }, { "to": "takrut", "type": "amulet", "name": "Takrut", "as": "sold from the same shops, and carrying the same script rolled up instead of laid out", "rel": "kin", "from": "yant-flash" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the atlas's own drawn glyphs, made on the same principle: a class of sign, not one object", "rel": "parallel", "from": "yant-flash" }, { "to": "amulet-word", "type": "term", "name": "amulet", "as": "the wide word this atlas files everything under, with its Latin and its hundred and fifty years of silence in English", "rel": "term", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "talisman-word", "type": "term", "name": "talisman", "as": "the other half of the pair, and the one whose Arabic root still carries the clock the English word dropped", "rel": "term", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "charm-word", "type": "term", "name": "charm", "as": "the third word, which was a spoken formula for three hundred years before it was ever an object", "rel": "term", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "periapt", "type": "term", "name": "periapt", "as": "the fourth cut — an object defined by hanging, with no theory in it at all", "rel": "term", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "apotropaic-word", "type": "term", "name": "apotropaic", "as": "the scholar's adjective that was invented to sidestep this whole argument, and belongs to nobody who carries anything", "rel": "term", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "catholic-sacramentals", "type": "tradition", "name": "Catholic sacramentals", "as": "the tradition where the legitimacy cut is drawn inside one institution, between a blessed medal and a condemned charm", "rel": "tradition", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "brown-scapular", "type": "amulet", "name": "Brown Scapular", "as": "the object the encyclopedia itself names as the counter-example that breaks its own scheme", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "islamic-talismanic", "type": "tradition", "name": "Islamic talismanic craft", "as": "the tradition ibn Qurra and his translators were writing for, where the hour of making is the definition", "rel": "tradition", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the object that passes one test, fails the next and is argued over inside its own tradition — the case against ruling", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the other record about this project's own terms, rather than about anybody else's", "rel": "story", "from": "amulet-or-talisman" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the other methods note — that one on what may be said, this one on what may be dated", "rel": "story", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the third record about this project's own workings: who may reuse all of this, and on what terms", "rel": "story", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the read that runs the same sceptical test on the other built table, the one behind /against/", "rel": "story", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "the longest single excavated span in the atlas, and the record that says why a faience amulet survives when a dough one does not", "rel": "carries", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "one of the two bars that start at 10,000 BCE — a date for the shape, never for an amulet", "rel": "carries", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "the undated case worth arguing with: dated in Rome, living in Naples, and no published span for the sign as a class", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "gau-box", "type": "amulet", "name": "Gau", "as": "the dated-object case — a twenty-first-century example standing in for a form nobody here could date", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the other half of what the code makes: every chart and glyph on this site is drawn by the same file", "rel": "art", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the excavator whose sequence dating is the ancestor of every excavated row here", "rel": "person", "from": "dating-a-charm" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the restriction rule this licence deliberately cannot enforce, set out at length", "rel": "story", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the other note about how this site is built, rather than about what it describes", "rel": "story", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the same question about objects instead of about text: what may be kept, and by whom", "rel": "story", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "wikimedia-commons", "type": "org", "name": "Wikimedia Commons", "as": "where every picture in this atlas is to come from, and whose free-content test the pipeline copies", "rel": "org", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the images the project makes itself, drawn from published descriptions and released with the records", "rel": "art", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "one of the collections whose own published terms govern what this atlas may show of its objects", "rel": "org", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "a museum whose copyright and taonga terms set conditions this licence has to respect rather than override", "rel": "org", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "unesco-ich", "type": "org", "name": "UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage", "as": "the register that raises the same question at state scale — who may list, and who may reuse, somebody else's practice", "rel": "org", "from": "free-to-use" }, { "to": "lamashtu-plaque", "type": "amulet", "name": "Lamashtu plaque", "as": "the oldest named answer in this class: a plaque against the demon the incantations say takes the unborn and the newly born", "rel": "carries", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "bes-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bes amulet", "as": "the household god Egypt kept for children, in a religion whose state temples were doing something else entirely", "rel": "carries", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "taweret-amulet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Taweret amulet", "as": "the other half of the Egyptian birth pair, for the mother as much as for the infant", "rel": "carries", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "bulla", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bulla", "as": "the Roman case with a date on it — put on a boy nine days after birth, and taken off at manhood", "rel": "carries", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "azabache", "type": "amulet", "name": "Azabache", "as": "the living case, with a survey, a price and a mother's own sentence behind it", "rel": "carries", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "the same job in Mexico, put on a newborn by parents who say what it is for", "rel": "parallel", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the form most of the world now pins to a baby's shirt, in glass", "rel": "parallel", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign behind most of this class — harm arrives by an admiring look, and the admired thing is usually somebody's child", "rel": "motif", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "the-eye-everywhere", "type": "story", "name": "The eye everywhere", "as": "the companion read, which follows the sign rather than the person it is put on", "rel": "story", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the methods note for the other half of this problem — what the numbers on the timeline are and are not", "rel": "story", "from": "most-of-them-are-for-children" }, { "to": "omamori", "type": "amulet", "name": "Omamori", "as": "the object every case in this record is copying, including the ones that drop its contents", "rel": "origin", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "phone-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phone charm", "as": "the physical charm hung on the device — the step before the charm moves onto the screen", "rel": "kin", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the Thai tablet that Crypto Amulets tokenised, and whose price has always been its history", "rel": "carries", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "the-fake-market", "type": "story", "name": "The fake market", "as": "the read that explains why an unforgeable record was worth selling in the first place", "rel": "story", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the bead that became a Unicode character in 2018 and is now on every handset", "rel": "carries", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "exam-charm", "type": "amulet", "name": "Exam charm", "as": "the occasion Sega's file was issued for, in its own words: tests and big challenges", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "consecration", "type": "practice", "name": "Consecration", "as": "the act that Crypto Amulets kept and Sega dropped — the whole argument in one practice", "rel": "practice", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the moment of trust, moved from a stall to a wallet", "rel": "practice", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the tradition both Japanese cases belong to, factory pouches and free downloads included", "rel": "tradition", "from": "the-charm-goes-digital" }, { "to": "concealed-shoe", "type": "amulet", "name": "Concealed shoe", "as": "the object the Northampton index counts, and the reason half the numbers in this record exist at all", "rel": "carries", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "witch-bottle", "type": "amulet", "name": "Witch bottle", "as": "the other common deposit, and the only one whose contents have been through a laboratory", "rel": "carries", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "foundation-deposit", "type": "practice", "name": "Foundation deposit", "as": "the practice under all of it: an object placed where nobody is meant to look again", "rel": "practice", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "wearing-hidden", "type": "practice", "name": "Wearing hidden", "as": "the same logic on a body instead of in a wall — a charm that works by not being seen", "rel": "practice", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "burying", "type": "practice", "name": "Burying", "as": "the act itself, which in this class is not disposal but installation", "rel": "practice", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "incantation-bowl", "type": "amulet", "name": "Incantation bowl", "as": "Mesopotamia's version, buried face down under a threshold", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "curse-tablet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Curse tablet", "as": "the deposit aimed at somebody rather than for them, put in the same kinds of hole", "rel": "contrast", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "iron", "type": "material", "name": "Iron", "as": "what the bottles are filled with — pins, needles and nails, the metal the tradition trusts", "rel": "material", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "european-folk-apotropaic", "type": "tradition", "name": "European folk apotropaic craft", "as": "the tradition both British classes belong to", "rel": "tradition", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "hanging-at-door", "type": "practice", "name": "Hanging at the door", "as": "the visible answer to the same fear: the horseshoe over the door, where the bottle goes under it", "rel": "contrast", "from": "the-charm-in-the-wall" }, { "to": "eye", "type": "motif", "name": "The eye", "as": "the sign this read follows, and the record that holds its physical forms", "rel": "motif", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "nazar", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nazar", "as": "the glass bead the documented Mediterranean line ends in, and the form most of the world now buys", "rel": "carried-by", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "wedjat-eye", "type": "amulet", "name": "Wedjat eye", "as": "a different eye with its own religion behind it, kept separate here on purpose", "rel": "contrast", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "horn", "type": "motif", "name": "The horn", "as": "southern Italy's substitute — proof that the shape is free and the reason is fixed", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "fascinum", "type": "amulet", "name": "Fascinum", "as": "Rome's substitute, and the object Pliny's word fascination is built on", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "nimbu-mirchi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nimbu mirchi", "as": "the South Asian answer, hung in a doorway rather than worn, and burnt afterwards", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "bagua-mirror", "type": "amulet", "name": "Bagua mirror", "as": "the case this read declines to claim: a parallel with no documented line back to Sumeria", "rel": "contrast", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "ojo-de-venado", "type": "amulet", "name": "Ojo de venado", "as": "the Mexican infant's charm, from the region where the origin question is unsettled", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "figa", "type": "amulet", "name": "Figa", "as": "the fist with the protruding knuckle, worn on Puerto Rican azabache bracelets", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "most-of-them-are-for-children", "type": "story", "name": "Most of them are for children", "as": "the long read testing why so many of these end up on infants", "rel": "story", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "frederick-elworthy", "type": "person", "name": "Frederick Thomas Elworthy", "as": "the Victorian who put this family together in one book in 1895, and whose grouping we still use", "rel": "person", "from": "the-eye-everywhere" }, { "to": "phra-khrueang", "type": "amulet", "name": "Phra khrueang", "as": "the tablet whose worth is its history, which is why the certificate exists at all", "rel": "carries", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "dzi-bead", "type": "amulet", "name": "Dzi bead", "as": "the bead where three different things all get called fake, and the distinctions matter to price", "rel": "carries", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "tha-phrachan", "type": "place", "name": "Tha Phrachan amulet market", "as": "the market this read starts in, because that is where the loupes are", "rel": "place", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "buying-in-a-market", "type": "practice", "name": "Buying one in a market", "as": "the practice under examination: price, provenance and the moment of trust", "rel": "practice", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "evil-eye-bracelet", "type": "amulet", "name": "Evil eye bracelet", "as": "the factory object at the centre of the same argument, in glass instead of clay", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "wallis-budge", "type": "person", "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge", "as": "the museum buyer on the wrong side of this trade, in his own century's terms and in ours", "rel": "person", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "flinders-petrie", "type": "person", "name": "Flinders Petrie", "as": "the other response to the same market — dig it before the dealers do", "rel": "person", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "what happens after an object with no provenance reaches a museum", "rel": "story", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "market-stall-sign", "type": "art", "name": "The market stall sign", "as": "the picture record: at Tha Phrachan the certificate does the work a sign would", "rel": "art", "from": "the-fake-market" }, { "to": "swastika-sign", "type": "motif", "name": "The swastika", "as": "the sign record this essay stands behind — the shape, both turns, the living practice and the current law", "rel": "motif", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "cross", "type": "motif", "name": "The cross", "as": "the neighbouring sign, whose bent-armed version appears in Romanesque and Gothic churches without any of this history attached", "rel": "parallel", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the other record about an editorial rule the project applies to itself rather than to its subjects", "rel": "story", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the same question one step over: who gets to decide what a sign or an object means now", "rel": "story", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "tibetan-protection", "type": "tradition", "name": "Tibetan protection craft", "as": "one of the living traditions carrying the sign daily, as the Bon yungdrung", "rel": "tradition", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "hindu-kavacha", "type": "tradition", "name": "Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition", "as": "the tradition in which the sign goes on the doorway, the account book and the newborn's welcome", "rel": "tradition", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "japanese-engimono", "type": "tradition", "name": "Engimono", "as": "the East Asian inheritance, where the character reads as ten thousand and as longevity", "rel": "tradition", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "the licensing record, which is where the question of who may reuse this material is answered", "rel": "story", "from": "the-swastika-problem" }, { "to": "aiatsis", "type": "org", "name": "Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies", "as": "the body whose Act and Code this rule is modelled on, and whose wording is quoted here rather than paraphrased", "rel": "org", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "who-owns-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Who owns a charm", "as": "the companion read — this one is about what may be said, that one about what may be kept", "rel": "story", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "a museum that applied the same test to its own cases in 2020, and published its reasons", "rel": "org", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "wellcome-collection", "type": "org", "name": "Wellcome Collection", "as": "a collection that said in 2021 how its holdings were formed, and returned manuscripts in 2025", "rel": "org", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "a museum built around the proposition that the originating community sets the terms", "rel": "org", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "maori-taonga", "type": "tradition", "name": "Taonga Māori", "as": "a tradition with published protocols of its own, which this atlas follows rather than summarises", "rel": "tradition", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "dating-a-charm", "type": "story", "name": "Dating a charm", "as": "the other methods note — why an undated record is not an undated object", "rel": "story", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "free-to-use", "type": "story", "name": "Free to use", "as": "what this project does publish, and on what terms", "rel": "story", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "the-drawn-signs", "type": "art", "name": "The drawn signs", "as": "the pictures the atlas makes itself, partly so it never has to publish one it should not", "rel": "art", "from": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print" }, { "to": "nagpra", "type": "org", "name": "The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act", "as": "the statute this read opens with, and the only one in the set that makes return a legal duty", "rel": "org", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "aiatsis", "type": "org", "name": "Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies", "as": "the body running Australia's Return of Cultural Heritage programme since 2019", "rel": "org", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "british-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The British Museum", "as": "the institution that refuses most often, and publishes the Act it refuses under", "rel": "org", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "pitt-rivers-museum", "type": "org", "name": "The Pitt Rivers Museum", "as": "the museum that removed its human remains in 2020 and published the reasoning", "rel": "org", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "te-papa", "type": "org", "name": "Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa", "as": "where the toi moko went back to in 2008, and where the terms are set by the originating people", "rel": "org", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "wellcome-collection", "type": "org", "name": "Wellcome Collection", "as": "17,500 amulets, an acknowledgement in 2021, and a return to India in 2025", "rel": "org", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "quai-branly", "type": "org", "name": "Musée du quai Branly — Jacques Chirac", "as": "the French collection at the centre of the restitution argument Sarr and Savoy opened in 2018", "rel": "org", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "nkisi", "type": "amulet", "name": "Nkisi", "as": "a class collected in quantity out of Central Africa, and one where the object's own community defines what it is", "rel": "parallel", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "hei-tiki", "type": "amulet", "name": "Hei-tiki", "as": "a taonga whose return is governed by the tradition's own terms, not by a museum's", "rel": "parallel", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "lovett-collection", "type": "art", "name": "The Lovett collection", "as": "the counter-example — a collector who wrote down who was carrying each charm", "rel": "art", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" }, { "to": "what-this-atlas-does-not-print", "type": "story", "name": "What this atlas does not print", "as": "the companion read: what may be said, once you have settled what may be kept", "rel": "story", "from": "who-owns-a-charm" } ] }