{ "built": "2026-09-18", "edges": [ { "to": "brazil", "type": "destination", "name": "Brazil", "as": "The first origin Argentine surgeons name, and the regional giant next door.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "argentina" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "One of the operations Buenos Aires is known for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "argentina" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "A staple of the surgical half of the country's count.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "argentina" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The work that brings patients across the land borders, and that no survey here counts.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "argentina" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "The society whose survey supplies the counts on this page.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "argentina" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this country mostly does not use, quoting per procedure instead.", "rel": "term", "from": "argentina" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a procedure count is not a patient count, here as everywhere.", "rel": "story", "from": "argentina" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The destination Australians have used longest, and the country of surgery in 12.5% of the Westmead series.", "rel": "destination", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Where most of the complications presenting at Westmead had been operated on.", "rel": "destination", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "The procedure that came back most often in the Australian series.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The other half of the Australian outflow, and the one that rarely reaches a hospital.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who fixes it, and at whose cost, once the patient has landed.", "rel": "risk", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "A median of 3.8 weeks from surgery to presentation is the gap, measured.", "rel": "risk", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Medicare does not travel, and private cover usually does not either.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "Present in 41.7% of the Australian series.", "rel": "risk", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The question a returned patient's second operation reopens.", "rel": "story", "from": "australia" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment that brings patients here from countries that restrict it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "One of the reasons a French or Italian patient books a Brussels clinic.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route it applies and cannot fully count.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "eu-national-contact-points", "type": "org", "name": "EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare", "as": "The office that reported a blank rather than a partial number.", "rel": "org", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "The neighbour that sends fertility patients across this border and receives complex cases in return.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The bigger fertility destination working the same European restrictions.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A country that treats its neighbours and cannot say how many.", "rel": "story", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that decides which patients cross this border and which stay home.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "belgium" }, { "to": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein", "as": "The São Paulo hospital that takes the complex international work.", "rel": "part", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "One of the operations behind the country's surgical count.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "A Brazilian staple, and one of the pairings sold on a single list.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The buttock operation whose technique argument is partly Brazilian.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "colombia", "type": "destination", "name": "Colombia", "as": "The regional contrast: a fifth of the volume, four times the foreign share, and the operations done in surgicentres rather than hospitals.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "argentina", "type": "destination", "name": "Argentina", "as": "The neighbour Brazilian patients travel to, and that names Brazil as its own first origin.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "The society whose survey supplies the counts on this page.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a procedure count and a patient count are different animals.", "rel": "story", "from": "brazil" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The other big source market, and the first place a Canadian in a hurry pays cash.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where Canadians are one of the three origins surgeons name, and where the dentistry is.", "rel": "destination", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "costa-rica", "type": "destination", "name": "Costa Rica", "as": "The winter destination that sells dentistry and surgery to the same travellers.", "rel": "destination", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "61% of them done inside six months in 2024 — the operation that defines this market.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "68% inside six months in 2024, and the better half of the same queue.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "69% inside 112 days in 2024, on its own shorter benchmark.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that puts this country's queue beside everyone else's.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who sees the wound at six weeks when the operation happened in another country.", "rel": "risk", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "What a provincial plan will not pay for, which is most of an elective trip.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "canada" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The destination that recorded China as its second-largest source of foreign patients in 2024.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "china" }, { "to": "japan", "type": "destination", "name": "Japan", "as": "The other short-haul destination Chinese patients travel to for screening and cell therapy.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "china" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Cell therapy pulled onshore through the Hainan exception.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "china" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "The expensive radiotherapy the zone was built to make reachable without a visa.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "china" }, { "to": "stem-cell-regulation", "type": "rule", "name": "Regulating cell and tissue therapies", "as": "The rules that decide what a hospital in the zone may actually give a patient.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "china" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Travel to reach a treatment the law at home has not approved — here arranged by the state itself.", "rel": "story", "from": "china" }, { "to": "transplant-prohibition", "type": "rule", "name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "as": "The prohibition that shaped this country's reputation in cross-border care before any zone existed.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "china" }, { "to": "istanbul-declaration-2008", "type": "event", "name": "The Declaration of Istanbul, 2008", "as": "The declaration written partly with this country's transplant practice in view.", "rel": "event", "from": "china" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "How a zone's visitor count becomes a national destination claim.", "rel": "story", "from": "china" }, { "to": "medellin", "type": "hub", "name": "Medellín", "as": "The cosmetic surgery cluster, and the name the trade sells.", "rel": "part", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "bogota", "type": "hub", "name": "Bogotá", "as": "The capital cluster, where the teaching hospitals and complex cases sit.", "rel": "part", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "clinica-las-americas", "type": "facility", "name": "Clínica Las Américas", "as": "One of the Medellín institutions the trade routes patients to.", "rel": "part", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "fundacion-santa-fe", "type": "facility", "name": "Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá", "as": "The Bogotá hospital on the complex end of the same country.", "rel": "part", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The operation most argued over here, and the one with a published mortality literature.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "The volume operation behind the country's surgical count.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "bbl-mortality", "type": "risk", "name": "Death from gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The risk attached to the operation this country is best known for.", "rel": "risk", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "What a free-standing surgicentre manages differently from a hospital.", "rel": "risk", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The origin Colombian surgeons name most often for their foreign patients.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "The society whose survey supplies every number on this page.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "colombia" }, { "to": "san-jose-cr", "type": "hub", "name": "San José, Costa Rica", "as": "The city that is nearly all of it.", "rel": "part", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "promed", "type": "org", "name": "PROMED", "as": "The national council that certifies providers here, and the reason this country organised before its neighbours.", "rel": "org", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "clinica-biblica", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital Clínica Bíblica", "as": "The San José private hospital that carries the JCI mark and the longest history.", "rel": "part", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "hospital-cima-san-jose", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital CIMA San José", "as": "The other San José hospital the trade routes complex work to.", "rel": "part", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The item that brings most patients here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "The full-arch course sold across two trips, with the second flight in the total.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The source market, two to three hours away by air.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "panama", "type": "destination", "name": "Panama", "as": "The neighbour selling the same mix to the same market, with a smaller surgeon base.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor whose mark the San José hospitals hold.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "costa-rica" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The item the Istrian practices are built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "croatia" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "The full-arch case that makes a two-visit trip worth the drive.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "croatia" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The older, larger dental corridor selling to overlapping markets.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "croatia" }, { "to": "romania", "type": "destination", "name": "Romania", "as": "The other newer EU dental destination, with a different set of neighbours.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "croatia" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The reimbursement route whose figures are the only official measure of this traffic.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "croatia" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a trade crossing a land border by car leaves almost no countable trace.", "rel": "story", "from": "croatia" }, { "to": "havana", "type": "hub", "name": "Havana", "as": "Where the designated facilities and the state seller sit.", "rel": "part", "from": "cuba" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The neighbouring source market whose own regulations decide who may come.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cuba" }, { "to": "canada", "type": "destination", "name": "Canada", "as": "The source market that reaches Cuba without a licensing question.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cuba" }, { "to": "dominican-republic", "type": "destination", "name": "Dominican Republic", "as": "The Caribbean contrast: private clinics, a US patient base, and an outbreak record.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cuba" }, { "to": "addiction-rehab", "type": "procedure", "name": "Residential addiction treatment", "as": "A course of weeks, which is the shape of what the state seller quotes.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cuba" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The word for travelling because a rule at home forbids it — here the rule points the other way, at entry rather than at treatment.", "rel": "term", "from": "cuba" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "What no foreign insurer will settle here, and why payment is in advance.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "cuba" }, { "to": "north-cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Northern Cyprus", "as": "The other half of the island and the other answer: same twenty-minute drive, different fertility law.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "nicosia", "type": "hub", "name": "Nicosia", "as": "The capital the two jurisdictions share, and the line runs through it.", "rel": "part", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment its licensed units are built around.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The programme patients compare across the island's line.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule whose terms decide which side of the line a patient books.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "greece", "type": "destination", "name": "Greece", "as": "The nearest comparable destination, with a court rather than a council at the centre.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route it applies with no prior-authorisation regime at all.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "What a border twenty minutes wide does to a fertility law.", "rel": "story", "from": "cyprus" }, { "to": "prague", "type": "hub", "name": "Prague", "as": "Where most of the clinics and the euro price lists are.", "rel": "part", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The treatment this country is known for across Europe.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Sold here as a programme in euro, priced from a published list.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that decides whether a patient must travel for a donor at all.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The larger donor-egg destination it is measured against.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "The neighbour whose restrictions send its patients across this border.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "The source of the busiest patient flow into this country in the EU data.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for what a patient does when the treatment is lawful next door and not at home.", "rel": "term", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The society whose registry counts these cycles, clinic by clinic.", "rel": "org", "from": "czechia" }, { "to": "santo-domingo", "type": "hub", "name": "Santo Domingo", "as": "Where the clinics named in both CDC reports sit.", "rel": "part", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak", "type": "event", "name": "The Dominican mycobacterial outbreaks, 2013–14 and 2017", "as": "The two clusters, in their own record.", "rel": "event", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria", "type": "risk", "name": "Nontuberculous mycobacteria", "as": "The organism that made this country a case study.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "What 38 confirmed patients flew home with in 2017.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "The commonest procedure in the 2013-14 cluster, at 74% of cases.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "The second commonest, at 58%.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The body operation the trade here is currently known for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Fourteen of 19 in the first cluster were admitted in the United States for it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Both outbreaks were found by doctors at home, weeks after discharge abroad.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where every counted patient in both clusters lived.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dominican-republic" }, { "to": "cairo", "type": "hub", "name": "Cairo", "as": "Where most of the clinics and nearly all of the agencies are.", "rel": "part", "from": "egypt" }, { "to": "tunisia", "type": "destination", "name": "Tunisia", "as": "The North African neighbour whose ministry publishes the figures Egypt's does not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "egypt" }, { "to": "jordan", "type": "destination", "name": "Jordan", "as": "The other regional destination Arabic-speaking patients choose between.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "egypt" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "One of the things the inbound trade here is built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "egypt" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "Sold here against Istanbul, on price and on language.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "egypt" }, { "to": "world-bank-out-of-pocket", "type": "dataset", "name": "Out-of-pocket share of health spending", "as": "The series behind the share of Egyptian health spending households pay themselves.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "egypt" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A trade that exists and has never been counted in public is the case this page stands on.", "rel": "story", "from": "egypt" }, { "to": "tbilisi", "type": "hub", "name": "Tbilisi", "as": "Where nearly all of it happens.", "rel": "part", "from": "georgia" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The larger neighbour it undercuts, and the one most of its own outbound patients fly to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "georgia" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "One of the treatments that brings patients here from countries that prohibit it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "georgia" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The word for most of why anyone flies here.", "rel": "term", "from": "georgia" }, { "to": "charite-international", "type": "facility", "name": "Charité International Patients", "as": "The Berlin university hospital's international office, one of the main inbound doors.", "rel": "part", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "heidelberg-university-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Heidelberg University Hospital", "as": "The other, with the proton centre attached.", "rel": "part", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "The treatment foreign patients most often fly here to buy.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "Where German patients cross for dentistry and for treatment German law restricts.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "The other near border German patients cross, and a source of patients in return.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The dental corridor German patients have used for thirty years.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route its residents use more than anyone's except France's, on figures its own contact point calls impure.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "drg", "type": "term", "name": "DRG", "as": "The case-rate schedule a German hospital bills a foreign patient against.", "rel": "term", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why the largest cross-border number in Europe is not a count of journeys.", "rel": "story", "from": "germany" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment its export clinics are built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "greece" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The programme priced against Spain's.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "greece" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "The arrangement a Greek court authorises before it begins.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "greece" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "Where the conditions, including residence, are set out and dated.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "greece" }, { "to": "cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Cyprus", "as": "The other Eastern Mediterranean fertility destination, with its own licensing council.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "greece" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The larger donor-egg market it competes with on price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "greece" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route that carries almost none of this traffic.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "greece" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "Where the longer-distance patients land and the bigger practices are.", "rel": "part", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The item at the centre of every treatment plan sold here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "The full-arch job this corridor sells to patients who have run out of teeth.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "A neighbour that supplies patients rather than receiving them, in dentistry at least.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "The other Central European dental corridor, selling the same work to different markets.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The reimbursement route that carries almost none of this country's dental traffic.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who refits a crown that fails after the second flight home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form this country does not use: the bill here is itemised, not bundled.", "rel": "term", "from": "hungary" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The visa class whose arrivals are the number this page carries.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "india" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "The cluster this country is most often named for, and where its oldest corporate hospital chain started.", "rel": "part", "from": "india" }, { "to": "delhi-ncr", "type": "hub", "name": "Delhi NCR", "as": "The capital-region cluster that takes most of the arrivals from West Asia and Africa.", "rel": "part", "from": "india" }, { "to": "mumbai", "type": "hub", "name": "Mumbai", "as": "The financial capital's hospital cluster, and the one closest to the listed-company money.", "rel": "part", "from": "india" }, { "to": "bengaluru", "type": "hub", "name": "Bengaluru", "as": "Where the volume-surgery model was built and costed.", "rel": "part", "from": "india" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "The hospital the country's private sector is usually dated from.", "rel": "part", "from": "india" }, { "to": "narayana-health", "type": "facility", "name": "Narayana Health", "as": "The chain that made cardiac surgery a volume calculation.", "rel": "part", "from": "india" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "The national accreditor, holding more than 1,299 hospitals as of 2026.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "india" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation most often named in this country's inbound cardiac work.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "india" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "Sought here, and the reason the transplant rules are read closely.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "india" }, { "to": "panchakarma", "type": "procedure", "name": "Panchakarma", "as": "The AYUSH course that earned its own visa class.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "india" }, { "to": "ndm-1-2010", "type": "event", "name": "NDM-1, 2010", "as": "The 2010 resistance-gene naming row, argued over this country's name and over surgery abroad.", "rel": "event", "from": "india" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why an arrivals count and a market estimate are not the same number.", "rel": "story", "from": "india" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The other Asian country with a long-running inbound trade, and a different patient at the door.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "india" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "Where most of these patients land, and the destination their numbers built.", "rel": "destination", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "penang", "type": "hub", "name": "Penang", "as": "Forty minutes from Medan, and the cluster that lives on this outflow.", "rel": "destination", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "Where the harder diagnoses and the larger bills go.", "rel": "destination", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The third destination the deputy minister named in 2022.", "rel": "destination", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The check-up that starts most of these journeys and sometimes is the whole of it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The Indonesian doctor reading a discharge summary from an operation they did not order.", "rel": "risk", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "A source market whose government counts the money leaving, not the people.", "rel": "story", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind what this country spends on health per person, and behind the outflow.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "indonesia" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "The operation this country performs at the volume it is known for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The other cosmetic staple of the Tehran clinics.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Fertility treatment sought here by patients from across the region.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The neighbour competing for the same patients, and the place Iranians themselves travel to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The broker who books the visa, the hotel and the surgeon as one price — and who handles the cash.", "rel": "term", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "What happens to money paid in cash to an agency when the operation does not happen.", "rel": "risk", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What a foreign patient can do afterwards, in a jurisdiction their own courts cannot reach.", "rel": "risk", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A national total announced by a minister, with no series behind it.", "rel": "story", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Prices that move with the exchange rate rather than with the medicine.", "rel": "story", "from": "iran" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The other mostly outbound country in this region, with a monthly queue of its own and a land border in common.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "Where more than half of this country's Directive traffic goes — 1,108 granted reimbursements in 2024.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Second destination on the same return, at 371, and the dental corridor priced in euro.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "lithuania", "type": "destination", "name": "Lithuania", "as": "Third on the same return, at 294, two and a half hours away.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route that reimburses at this country's own DRG price, and the one the land border fell out of at Brexit.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "Run here as the Treatment Abroad Scheme, on consultant referral, for care the public system cannot provide in time.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "The operation behind the most-quoted number in the whole scheme: €1,171 repaid as a day case.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "drg", "type": "term", "name": "DRG", "as": "The code that fixes what a patient gets back, and the reason a quote abroad has to be read against a category rather than a bill.", "rel": "term", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "abortion-care", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abortion", "as": "The journey the euro column on a British price list was written for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that would put this queue beside other countries', if the counts were of the same thing.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "waiting-lists", "type": "story", "name": "The queue is the product", "as": "The queue as the thing that moves patients, published here monthly as a headcount rather than a wait.", "rel": "story", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A country whose best-counted flow crosses a sea and whose largest may cross a field.", "rel": "story", "from": "ireland" }, { "to": "tel-aviv", "type": "hub", "name": "Tel Aviv", "as": "Where most of the inbound work is done.", "rel": "part", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "sheba", "type": "facility", "name": "Sheba Medical Center", "as": "One of the public hospitals the trade runs through.", "rel": "part", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "hadassah", "type": "facility", "name": "Hadassah Medical Center", "as": "The Jerusalem teaching hospital that takes referrals from across the region and beyond it.", "rel": "part", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "jordan", "type": "destination", "name": "Jordan", "as": "The neighbour whose regional trade is several times larger and regulated by a trade body rather than a statute.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "Registered agents and written price quotes are what this country's statute requires of the middle layer.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The role this country put on a public register in 2019.", "rel": "term", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "Counted here in permit refusals: most Gaza companion applications in 2022 were not approved in time.", "rel": "risk", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "One of the treatments the inbound flow is built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "The body that counts the permit approvals this page reports.", "rel": "measures", "from": "israel" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The neighbour whose official figures record Japan as its largest source of foreign patients in 2024.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "japan" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "The treatment Japan is most often named for by patients arriving from elsewhere in Asia.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "japan" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Cell therapy available here, and priced for it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "japan" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The short admission — the ningen dock — that most foreign visitors to Japanese medicine actually buy.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "japan" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "The constraint that decides which Japanese hospitals can take a foreign patient at all.", "rel": "risk", "from": "japan" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A rich country with two official series and no answer to the simple question.", "rel": "story", "from": "japan" }, { "to": "taiwan", "type": "destination", "name": "Taiwan", "as": "The other East Asian health system that counts its residents well and its visitors not at all.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "japan" }, { "to": "amman", "type": "hub", "name": "Amman", "as": "Where the private hospital ring is, and where nearly all of it happens.", "rel": "part", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "king-hussein-cancer-center", "type": "facility", "name": "King Hussein Cancer Center", "as": "The specialist centre regional oncology referrals go to.", "rel": "part", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "israel", "type": "destination", "name": "Israel", "as": "The neighbour whose inbound trade is a tenth the size and regulated by statute.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "saudi-arabia", "type": "destination", "name": "Saudi Arabia", "as": "Named by the hospitals here among their largest source markets.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "schengen-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "The Schengen visa, for treatment", "as": "The contrast: here the binding constraint on the trade is a visa, and the association has measured what happens when one tightens.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "The case that undoes the bargain-hunting picture of who a cross-border patient is.", "rel": "story", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a trade body's count of its own members' patients is read slowly here.", "rel": "story", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind what this country spends on health per person.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "jordan" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where the outflow goes, and the state that counts it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The visa class the outflow travels on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "nigeria", "type": "destination", "name": "Nigeria", "as": "The other big African source market, and the one whose numbers are argued over.", "rel": "kin", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "south-africa", "type": "destination", "name": "South Africa", "as": "The continental destination Kenyan patients use less than the Indian one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The middle layer that starts most of these referrals.", "rel": "term", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "One of the Indian groups that has kept a liaison presence in East Africa.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "The patients who can buy the ticket, and the ones left with what remains.", "rel": "story", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "world-bank-doctors", "type": "dataset", "name": "Physicians per 1,000 people", "as": "The series behind the specialist density the outflow is a response to.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "kenya" }, { "to": "vilnius", "type": "hub", "name": "Vilnius", "as": "The capital cluster, where most of the English-language clinics are.", "rel": "part", "from": "lithuania" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The commonest reason a foreign patient books a flight here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "lithuania" }, { "to": "ireland", "type": "destination", "name": "Ireland", "as": "A source market two and a half hours away, with a queue at home.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lithuania" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "The bigger corridor selling the same work to the same markets.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lithuania" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The reimbursement route this country's residents use, and its visitors do not.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "lithuania" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "What sets the number of nights between a cosmetic operation and the flight home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "lithuania" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The council inside the health ministry that publishes this country's traveller count.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "malaysia-mhtc-licence", "type": "rule", "name": "Malaysia's healthcare travel registration", "as": "The registration a hospital passes through to be counted and marketed as a destination facility.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "kuala-lumpur", "type": "hub", "name": "Kuala Lumpur", "as": "The cardiac and fertility half of the trade.", "rel": "part", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "penang", "type": "hub", "name": "Penang", "as": "The Indonesian half, forty minutes from Medan.", "rel": "part", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "indonesia", "type": "destination", "name": "Indonesia", "as": "The source market that built this destination, and still supplies most of it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "One of the private hospitals the council's figures are assembled from.", "rel": "part", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "prince-court", "type": "facility", "name": "Prince Court Medical Centre", "as": "The Kuala Lumpur hospital most often named in the country's marketing.", "rel": "part", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "island-hospital-penang", "type": "facility", "name": "Island Hospital", "as": "The Penang hospital that made the Sumatra route ordinary.", "rel": "part", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment Malaysia sells hardest, and the one its neighbours travel for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The package that fills the appointment book between operations.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a 1.6 million figure with no published definition is a marketing number.", "rel": "story", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The neighbour whose package-price format arrived here in the 2000s.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "malaysia" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The dental street that made the border trade, four blocks of it.", "rel": "part", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "tijuana", "type": "hub", "name": "Tijuana", "as": "Where the weight-loss surgery is done, half an hour from a US hospital.", "rel": "part", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "monterrey", "type": "hub", "name": "Monterrey", "as": "The interior counterweight: large private hospitals rather than a border street.", "rel": "part", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "cancun", "type": "hub", "name": "Cancún", "as": "The resort end of the trade, sold alongside a holiday.", "rel": "part", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The source market next door, and the reason the trade is a drive rather than a flight.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The item the border clinics sell most, priced per tooth.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "The operation behind the Tijuana trade, and behind the complication series at San Diego.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023", "type": "event", "name": "The Matamoros fungal meningitis outbreak, 2023", "as": "The Matamoros outbreak, in its own record.", "rel": "event", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "fungal-meningitis", "type": "risk", "name": "Fungal meningitis after epidural anaesthesia", "as": "What the two Matamoros clinics sent home with their patients.", "rel": "risk", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "The CDC names CRE infections after invasive procedures in this country.", "rel": "risk", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who fixes it, and what that bill looks like: $193,445.08 a patient in the San Diego series.", "rel": "risk", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "hospital-angeles-tijuana", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital Angeles Tijuana", "as": "One of the named hospitals on the Tijuana side.", "rel": "part", "from": "mexico" }, { "to": "tunisia", "type": "destination", "name": "Tunisia", "as": "The neighbour that built the same trade first and counts more of it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "morocco" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Where the European hair and cosmetic trade mostly went instead.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "morocco" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "One of the procedures sold here to European buyers.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "morocco" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The other half of the European end of this trade.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "morocco" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The middle layer most European bookings here pass through.", "rel": "term", "from": "morocco" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Why a package quoted in euros is not the whole bill.", "rel": "story", "from": "morocco" }, { "to": "world-bank-doctors", "type": "dataset", "name": "Physicians per 1,000 people", "as": "The series behind the workforce shortage its own auditors describe.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "morocco" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where 88.80 per cent of surveyed Nepali patients went.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "delhi-ncr", "type": "hub", "name": "Delhi NCR", "as": "One of the northern Indian clusters a Kathmandu referral lands in.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "The southern destination for transplant and cancer work.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The second destination in the survey, at 5.73 per cent, and a different kind of patient.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "sri-lanka", "type": "destination", "name": "Sri Lanka", "as": "The other South Asian country whose patients cross to India for the top of the acuity range.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "Among the operations Nepali patients most often leave for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The Kathmandu review after an operation done across the border.", "rel": "risk", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "A survey that puts how a patient was treated ahead of what they were charged.", "rel": "story", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The question this survey's respondents did not answer the way the field expects.", "rel": "story", "from": "nepal" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The destination the rhetoric names, and the state whose own published counts do not list Nigeria among its seven largest sources.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nigeria" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The other long-standing destination for Nigerians who can pay, and one that counts them as private patients rather than as travellers.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nigeria" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "A destination whose own arrivals count sweeps in visitors from West Africa without separating them out.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nigeria" }, { "to": "kenya", "type": "destination", "name": "Kenya", "as": "The other big African source market, and the one with a receiving state's count behind it.", "rel": "kin", "from": "nigeria" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The billion-dollar figure with no series behind it is this page's whole argument.", "rel": "story", "from": "nigeria" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "An outflow everybody agrees exists and nobody has measured the same way twice.", "rel": "story", "from": "nigeria" }, { "to": "world-bank-out-of-pocket", "type": "dataset", "name": "Out-of-pocket share of health spending", "as": "The series behind what Nigerian households pay for care at home.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "nigeria" }, { "to": "cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Cyprus", "as": "The same island under the other law, and the comparison that makes both markets.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "nicosia", "type": "hub", "name": "Nicosia", "as": "The divided capital: the crossing is inside it.", "rel": "part", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment nearly every clinic here sells.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The programme patients cross the line for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The state whose flights, currency and medical profession the north runs on.", "rel": "kin", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule this territory writes for itself, separately from the Republic.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What is left when no EU contact point and no home regulator can reach the clinic.", "rel": "risk", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "A twenty-minute drive as a legal strategy.", "rel": "story", "from": "north-cyprus" }, { "to": "panama-city", "type": "hub", "name": "Panama City", "as": "The whole of it, on one side of the canal.", "rel": "part", "from": "panama" }, { "to": "costa-rica", "type": "destination", "name": "Costa Rica", "as": "The neighbour with the same mix, a certifying council and more surgeons.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "panama" }, { "to": "colombia", "type": "destination", "name": "Colombia", "as": "The regional heavyweight, and one of the three origins Panamanian surgeons name.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "panama" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The origin named first, and the currency the prices are quoted in.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "panama" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The product a hub airport and a dollar economy sell well.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "panama" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "One of the body operations behind the surgical count.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "panama" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "The society whose survey supplies every number on this page.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "panama" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "One of the few procedures sold here to visitors at a published price.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "philippines" }, { "to": "lasik", "type": "procedure", "name": "LASIK", "as": "Eye surgery bought on short visits, often by returning Filipinos.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "philippines" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The neighbour that built the trade the Philippine programme was written to catch.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "philippines" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The regional competitor with a council, a count, and a marketing budget.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "philippines" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A government research body writing down why it cannot give a number.", "rel": "story", "from": "philippines" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Forty-eight agencies, no register, no total.", "rel": "story", "from": "philippines" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The layer that stayed thin here because the patients were already family.", "rel": "term", "from": "philippines" }, { "to": "warsaw", "type": "hub", "name": "Warsaw", "as": "The capital cluster, weighted to cosmetic and aesthetic work.", "rel": "part", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The line item its price lists are built around.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market its sterling price column is written for.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "ireland", "type": "destination", "name": "Ireland", "as": "The second source market, priced in euro on the same page.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "Where Polish patients themselves cross for care, the busiest flow in the EU reimbursement data.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The older dental corridor it competes with.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route its own residents use heavily, and its inbound patients almost never.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The agent between a British patient and a Kraków chair, paid by the clinic.", "rel": "term", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "The comparison column on a clinic's price list, and who wrote it.", "rel": "story", "from": "poland" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The neighbour a Portuguese patient crosses to when a donor is needed.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "portugal" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment the 2018 ruling reshaped here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "portugal" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The programme whose donor pool the ruling emptied.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "portugal" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule this country changed by constitutional decision rather than by statute.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "portugal" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route whose Portuguese applications were all refused in the last reported year.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "portugal" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "What a ruling about a child's rights did to its parents' travel plans.", "rel": "term", "from": "portugal" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The item its clinics sell to the diaspora and to their neighbours.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "romania" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "The full-arch case where the price gap covers the flights.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "romania" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The neighbouring dental corridor, older and better surveyed.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "romania" }, { "to": "croatia", "type": "destination", "name": "Croatia", "as": "The other newer EU dental destination, working a different border.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "romania" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route whose Romanian figures are the only official count of this traffic.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "romania" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "The diaspora trip that is half of this country's inbound trade.", "rel": "story", "from": "romania" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The committee route by which this state buys care in other countries.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "cbahi", "type": "org", "name": "Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions", "as": "The national accreditor, compulsory at home rather than bought for a foreign audience.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "The neighbour running the same two flows, with a published inbound count this country lacks.", "rel": "kin", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "jordan", "type": "destination", "name": "Jordan", "as": "One of the places Saudi patients and their escorts have gone for decades.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "Paid for here by the sponsor, which is what makes this a source market rather than a trickle.", "rel": "risk", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "A destination the state's own referral counts name, alongside the United States and Britain.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why this page carries an outbound number and refuses an inbound one.", "rel": "story", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind what this country spends on health per person.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "saudi-arabia" }, { "to": "singapore-city", "type": "hub", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The country and the cluster are the same place.", "rel": "part", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "mount-elizabeth", "type": "facility", "name": "Mount Elizabeth Hospital", "as": "The private hospital most often named in the region's referrals.", "rel": "part", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "raffles-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Raffles Hospital", "as": "The other name a regional referral usually lands on.", "rel": "part", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "indonesia", "type": "destination", "name": "Indonesia", "as": "The source market that fills these wards, and the reason Jakarta wants them filled at home.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The cheaper neighbour, and the place Singaporeans themselves cross to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "One of the expensive treatments patients fly here for rather than for a lower price.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Cell therapy sold to the region at the top of the price range.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The health ministry's own doubt about an exit survey, stated in 2009.", "rel": "story", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A country that stopped publishing a number rather than publish a bad one.", "rel": "story", "from": "singapore" }, { "to": "johannesburg", "type": "hub", "name": "Johannesburg", "as": "The hospital city the regional flow arrives at.", "rel": "part", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "kenya", "type": "destination", "name": "Kenya", "as": "The other African country with a tertiary sector its neighbours use — and an outflow of its own.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "nigeria", "type": "destination", "name": "Nigeria", "as": "A source market whose patients go to India and to London rather than south.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "One of the operations the European end of this trade is built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Named as a draw for patients from across the continent.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "The regional patient this country's larger flow is made of, against the one the brochures show.", "rel": "story", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals", "type": "dataset", "name": "International arrivals", "as": "The series the survey share above is a percentage of.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a share of arrivals who named a purpose is not a count of operations.", "rel": "story", "from": "south-africa" }, { "to": "khidi", "type": "org", "name": "Korea Health Industry Development Institute", "as": "The institute that compiles the foreign-patient series for the health ministry.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "korea-foreign-patient-registration", "type": "rule", "name": "Korea's foreign patient attraction registration", "as": "The registration that turns a clinic into a line in the national count.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "Where 85.4 per cent of it happened in 2024.", "rel": "part", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "samsung-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Samsung Medical Center", "as": "One of the large hospitals at the other end of the market from the Gangnam clinics.", "rel": "part", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "asan-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Asan Medical Center", "as": "The country's largest hospital, and a transplant centre foreign patients are referred to.", "rel": "part", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "severance", "type": "facility", "name": "Severance Hospital", "as": "The oldest of the university hospitals taking international referrals.", "rel": "part", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "wooridul", "type": "facility", "name": "Wooridul Spine Hospital", "as": "The spine specialist that made Korea a named address for back surgery.", "rel": "part", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "The operation the country's reputation abroad is built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "japan", "type": "destination", "name": "Japan", "as": "The largest single source of its foreign patients in 2024.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "taiwan", "type": "destination", "name": "Taiwan", "as": "Its fastest-growing source market in 2024, up 550.6 per cent.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "What a clinic here may say, against what a broker abroad says for it.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a registration series and a patient count are not the same thing.", "rel": "story", "from": "south-korea" }, { "to": "barcelona", "type": "hub", "name": "Barcelona", "as": "The city with the densest concentration of the clinics counted here.", "rel": "part", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "More than half of every cycle it runs for a patient from abroad.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment its national registry counts, clinic by clinic.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "The other big donor-egg destination, cheaper and smaller.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "portugal", "type": "destination", "name": "Portugal", "as": "The neighbour whose donor supply collapsed when anonymity ended, sending patients this way.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "9% of the cycles it ran for foreign residents in 2022.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route that made it the EU's most authorised country of treatment in 2021.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for the journey most of these cycles represent.", "rel": "term", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A registry that counts every cycle and cannot say why nine in ten patients came.", "rel": "story", "from": "spain" }, { "to": "colombo", "type": "hub", "name": "Colombo", "as": "Where the private sector and the referrals abroad both sit.", "rel": "part", "from": "sri-lanka" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where Sri Lankan patients go for what Colombo cannot do, an hour away.", "rel": "destination", "from": "sri-lanka" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "The nearest cluster, and the usual destination of a Colombo referral.", "rel": "destination", "from": "sri-lanka" }, { "to": "nepal", "type": "destination", "name": "Nepal", "as": "The other South Asian country whose patients leave for India, and which has been surveyed on why.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sri-lanka" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series that shows this country doing well on the average and says nothing about the gap at the top.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "sri-lanka" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Good public health statistics and no count of who left.", "rel": "story", "from": "sri-lanka" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The course of tests sold here to people who fly in for a week.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "switzerland" }, { "to": "addiction-rehab", "type": "procedure", "name": "Residential addiction treatment", "as": "The residential programme priced by the week and never published.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "switzerland" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "The neighbour that shares its patients and undercuts its prices.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "switzerland" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "Where Swiss fertility patients go when Swiss law or a waiting list stops them.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "switzerland" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route that does not reach here: Switzerland is not a Member State.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "switzerland" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series that places its cost base near the top of the world.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "switzerland" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The country that answers the question by refusing the premise.", "rel": "story", "from": "switzerland" }, { "to": "taipei", "type": "hub", "name": "Taipei", "as": "Where the international medical centres are.", "rel": "part", "from": "taiwan" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The destination Taiwanese patients travelled to fastest in 2024, up 550.6 per cent.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "taiwan" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The living-donor programme Taiwan is named for in the region.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "taiwan" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Fertility work sold to patients from across the Chinese-speaking region.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "taiwan" }, { "to": "japan", "type": "destination", "name": "Japan", "as": "The other East Asian system with excellent domestic statistics and no traveller count.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "taiwan" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A gap this record leaves open rather than fills.", "rel": "story", "from": "taiwan" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "Where nearly all of it happens.", "rel": "part", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "The hospital that made the format, and the country's shorthand abroad.", "rel": "part", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "One of the operations sold here at a published fixed price.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this country normalised.", "rel": "term", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why the headline patient numbers for this country should be read slowly.", "rel": "story", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind what this country spends on health per person.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "chiang-mai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chiang Mai", "as": "The second cluster, and the one that sells the month-long stay.", "rel": "part", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "defiant", "type": "org", "name": "Defiant", "as": "One facilitator routing patients into this country, with its prices posted.", "rel": "org", "from": "thailand" }, { "to": "tunis", "type": "hub", "name": "Tunis", "as": "Where the clinics and the agencies are.", "rel": "part", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "morocco", "type": "destination", "name": "Morocco", "as": "The other francophone North African destination, smaller and later.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The competitor that took the European cosmetic trade this country built first.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "One of the operations the European end of this trade is built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Named by the health ministry among the treatments more than half its foreign patients come for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The structural weakness of a package sold across the Mediterranean.", "rel": "risk", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form the trade sells in, quoted in euros.", "rel": "term", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why half a million admissions and two million outpatient episodes are not half a million people.", "rel": "story", "from": "tunisia" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Where most of the clinics, and nearly all of the hair work, actually are.", "rel": "part", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "antalya", "type": "hub", "name": "Antalya", "as": "The second cluster, selling the same operations beside a resort strip.", "rel": "part", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "izmir", "type": "hub", "name": "İzmir", "as": "A third cluster, smaller and cheaper on the same price tables.", "rel": "part", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The certificate a facility here must hold before it may treat a foreign patient at all.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-services-directorate", "type": "org", "name": "Türkiye General Directorate of Health Services", "as": "The directorate inside the Ministry that issues and withdraws that certificate.", "rel": "org", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation that made this country's name abroad, and the one its clinics price in euros.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "Sold here as a fixed all-inclusive package with the hotel in the price.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "turkiye-hair-boom", "type": "event", "name": "Türkiye's hair transplant boom", "as": "The years the hair trade scaled, and the regulation that followed it.", "rel": "event", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The hospital group that carries the complex end of the inbound work.", "rel": "part", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a figure of 1.4 million visitors is not 1.4 million operations.", "rel": "story", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "One of the source markets its packages are priced for, in sterling.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The bill that lands on another health system when a graft or a sleeve needs doing again.", "rel": "risk", "from": "turkiye" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The emirate that does the counting, the licensing and nearly all of the selling.", "rel": "part", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The route by which this state pays for its own citizens to be operated on somewhere else.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "uae-clinic-licensing", "type": "rule", "name": "Licensing a clinic in the United Arab Emirates", "as": "Why a licence here names an emirate rather than a country.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "american-hospital-dubai", "type": "facility", "name": "American Hospital Dubai", "as": "One of the private hospitals the inbound trade is built around.", "rel": "part", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "dha-dubai", "type": "org", "name": "Dubai Health Authority", "as": "The authority that licenses the clinics and publishes the arrivals figure.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "Written into this state's own bylaw, with a per-diem attached to it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "A named destination on this state's own allowance schedule, at AED 300 a day.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "saudi-arabia", "type": "destination", "name": "Saudi Arabia", "as": "The other Gulf state running both flows at once, and the one with the larger population behind it.", "rel": "kin", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a figure of 691,000 needs its counting rule before it can be read.", "rel": "story", "from": "uae" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Where most British outbound hair, dental and bariatric traffic goes, priced in sterling.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "The dental corridor whose price list carries a column labelled average UK price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The older dental destination for the same patients.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "Where 9% of its foreign-resident fertility cycles were run in 2022.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "ireland", "type": "destination", "name": "Ireland", "as": "The other mostly outbound country in this region, with a different queue and a different scheme.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "NHS funding for treatment abroad", "as": "What the NHS will and will not fund when a patient goes.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "The regulator that licenses every UK fertility clinic and publishes each one's results — the comparison a patient abroad loses.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The operation the NHS performs and did not price.", "rel": "risk", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that puts this queue beside other countries'.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The question a 12-week median wait answers differently for each patient.", "rel": "story", "from": "united-kingdom" }, { "to": "us-medicare-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Medicare outside the United States", "as": "The rule that decides what a US patient carries abroad, which is almost nothing.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "The other half of why people leave from here: the cover that does not cover it.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The destination reached by road, and the one the CDC names first.", "rel": "destination", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "canada", "type": "destination", "name": "Canada", "as": "The other big source market, and a neighbour whose patients arrive here paying cash.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "dominican-republic", "type": "destination", "name": "Dominican Republic", "as": "Where every patient counted in two CDC outbreak reports had travelled from here.", "rel": "destination", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "One of the treatments patients fly into this country for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Cell therapy is the inbound end of this market.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The word this site uses, and the argument over what to call the thing.", "rel": "term", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why 'millions a year' is a sentence and not a measurement.", "rel": "story", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The one US series that reports clinic-by-clinic outcomes, and what it does and does not cover.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "This is the 'home' in that phrase for most of the traffic on this site.", "rel": "risk", "from": "united-states" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The operation the Ho Chi Minh City trade is built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "vietnam" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "The full-arch package sold to visitors on a two-trip schedule.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "vietnam" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "Where Vietnamese patients go when the diagnosis is serious and the money exists.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "vietnam" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The regional destination Vietnamese patients leave for, and the format Vietnamese clinics copy.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "vietnam" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The broker layer between a dental clinic here and a patient abroad.", "rel": "term", "from": "vietnam" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why an unattributed 300,000 does not become a fact by being reprinted.", "rel": "story", "from": "vietnam" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who checks an implant placed on a fortnight's holiday.", "rel": "risk", "from": "vietnam" }, { "to": "jordan", "type": "destination", "name": "Jordan", "as": "The country this cluster is effectively the whole of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "king-hussein-cancer-center", "type": "facility", "name": "King Hussein Cancer Center", "as": "The hospital the city is named for abroad, on Queen Rania Street.", "rel": "part", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The kind of work a regional referral centre is built to take.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "Among the operations the 2007 and 2008 referral counts were made of.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "Here the companion is part of the arrangement, and often several people rather than one.", "rel": "risk", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The invitation letter the hospital issues is the step that makes the journey possible.", "rel": "step", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor whose mark this city's flagship hospital carries, undated on the page read.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why two-decade-old arrival figures keep getting repeated as current.", "rel": "story", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The Gulf destination that grew after this one and competes for the same referrals.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "amman" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country whose authorisation regime this cluster trades under.", "rel": "whole", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The other Turkish cluster: the same procedures, sold against a business district instead of a beach.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The certificate both the clinic and its agency must hold here.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "In this city the facilitator is a licensed travel agency, and the law says so.", "rel": "term", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "Sold here as a week that includes the hotel.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "A dental course that fits the length of a resort stay.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "Sold here with the convalescence written into the hotel nights.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that decides whether the return flight on the package is the return flight taken.", "rel": "risk", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form this city invented for holidays and now sells surgery in.", "rel": "term", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step that matters most where a hotel, a transfer and an operation share one invoice.", "rel": "step", "from": "antalya" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "The hospital on Sukhumvit Soi 3 that the cluster is usually named for.", "rel": "part", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "bangkok-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Bangkok Hospital", "as": "The Soi Soonvijai campus off New Phetchaburi, the other pole of the cluster.", "rel": "part", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "samitivej", "type": "facility", "name": "Samitivej Sukhumvit Hospital", "as": "The Soi 49 hospital at the Thonglor end of the Sukhumvit corridor.", "rel": "part", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The country this cluster does nearly all the work for.", "rel": "whole", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "Sold here at a published fixed price, implant billed separately.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The other joint on the same package pages.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The day-long screening package that fills the quiet end of these hospitals' order books.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "vaginoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Vaginoplasty", "as": "Bangkok surgeons took this work early, and the city is still where much of it is quoted.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The unit of account a dozen hospitals within a few kilometres quote each other in.", "rel": "term", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "phuket", "type": "hub", "name": "Phuket", "as": "The island cluster that sells a different mix to a different arrival.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 25 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "chiang-mai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chiang Mai", "as": "Six hundred kilometres north, selling the long stay rather than the operation.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bangkok" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The country whose registry volume this city carries a large share of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The treatment this city is flown to for, and the one Spain reports the most of in Europe.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle every programme quoted here is built around.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "egg-freezing", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg freezing", "as": "The other reason a patient books a retrieval here rather than at home.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "prague", "type": "hub", "name": "Prague", "as": "The other European donation centre, reporting the next largest volumes.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that brings some patients here and keeps others away.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for the journey most of this city's fertility traffic is making.", "rel": "term", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The society whose registry return is the count this record stands on.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "A reimbursement route that is narrow here, because a home system that funds nothing reimburses nothing.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a national cycle count is not a count of people who travelled.", "rel": "story", "from": "barcelona" }, { "to": "narayana-health", "type": "facility", "name": "Narayana Health", "as": "The Hosur Road campus at Bommasandra the southern pole is built on.", "rel": "part", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "devi-shetty", "type": "person", "name": "Devi Prasad Shetty", "as": "The cardiac surgeon who put a 280-bed heart hospital at the edge of this city in 2000.", "rel": "person", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country whose highest-volume cardiac programmes sit here.", "rel": "whole", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation the southern campus was built to do at volume.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "heart-valve-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Heart valve replacement", "as": "The other half of the cardiac list this city is known for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "Sold on an estimate in the central hospitals rather than as a package.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The entry route foreign patients arrive on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "The neighbouring cardiac cluster, older and closer to its airport.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Twenty kilometres from the city means the relative needs housing, not a chair.", "rel": "step", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 25 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "bengaluru" }, { "to": "colombia", "type": "destination", "name": "Colombia", "as": "The country whose complex hospital work concentrates here rather than in Medellín.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "fundacion-santa-fe", "type": "facility", "name": "Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá", "as": "The hospital whose six dated accreditation cycles this record reads.", "rel": "place", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "medellin", "type": "hub", "name": "Medellín", "as": "The other Colombian hub — cosmetic and dental where this one is cardiac and oncological.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Accredited the city's flagship hospital in 2010 and has renewed it five times since.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The kind of work that brings a patient to Bogotá rather than to a coast.", "rel": "performs", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "Transplant medicine is part of what the city's hospitals sell across borders, and it is the part with the sharpest rules.", "rel": "performs", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "declaration-of-istanbul-group", "type": "org", "name": "Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group", "as": "The framework that governs whether a foreign patient may be transplanted at all.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "A dated six-cycle timeline is the most useful answer this batch found to it.", "rel": "story", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "Colombia asks for a health visa where the stay runs past ninety days.", "rel": "step", "from": "bogota" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The country whose dental trade this city is the airport end of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "sopron", "type": "hub", "name": "Sopron", "as": "The border version of the same trade: a morning from Vienna instead of a flight.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The operation the capital's clinics are booked for, priced per implant.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "The full-arch form sold here, and the one whose quote hides the most variables.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "full-mouth-restoration", "type": "procedure", "name": "Full mouth restoration", "as": "The long course this city's two-visit model is built around.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route an EU-insured patient can claim part of the bill back through, at the home tariff.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The older trade the thermal baths belong to, sold beside the dentistry and counted separately.", "rel": "term", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Why a per-implant quote and a final bill are different objects.", "rel": "story", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "warsaw", "type": "hub", "name": "Warsaw", "as": "The other central European capital British and Irish dental patients are sent to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "budapest" }, { "to": "egypt", "type": "destination", "name": "Egypt", "as": "The country this metropolitan cluster carries most of the private capacity of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The commonest advertised booking here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "Sold here into the same Gulf market Istanbul sells into, at a shorter flight.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "High-volume day work a large private sector is built to do.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The capability a national epidemic left behind, and the one this city is regionally unusual for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The Gulf destination competing for the same regional patients at several times the price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The cluster Cairo's hair and cosmetic clinics price against.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Why a price quoted in a falling currency is not the price paid.", "rel": "story", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind what this country spends on health per person, and the scale the private sector sits on top of.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "cairo" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The country whose resort economy this cluster grew inside.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "Shares an operator and a price page with this city, which is why a Cancún figure may not be a Cancún figure.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The commonest reason a foreign patient sees a Cancún surgery rather than a Cancún beach.", "rel": "performs", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "Sold here by the arch on the same list the border towns use.", "rel": "performs", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "One of four schemes the city's main private hospital names on its own accreditations page.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "A page listing four accreditations and three expired validity dates is the question in one screen.", "rel": "story", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The constraint that decides which operations can be sold on a one-week resort schedule.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The neighbouring trade, and the one the hotels were built for.", "rel": "term", "from": "cancun" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "The Greams Lane hospital the cluster grew out of, opened 1983.", "rel": "part", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country whose private tertiary format was proved in this city.", "rel": "whole", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "prathap-reddy", "type": "person", "name": "Prathap C. Reddy", "as": "The cardiologist who opened the first hospital here and set the pattern.", "rel": "person", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation the cluster is built around, and the one its surgeons taught to the rest of India.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "Chennai programmes take referrals for this from across South Asia and the Gulf, by the trade's account.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "Apollo runs a proton centre in this city; this directory has not yet read its page for the claim.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The entry route most of this cluster's foreign patients arrive on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "delhi-ncr", "type": "hub", "name": "Delhi NCR", "as": "The northern cluster Chennai competes with for the same cardiac and transplant referrals.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why the daily arrival figures quoted for this city disagree with each other.", "rel": "story", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 20 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "chennai" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The country's second cluster, and its long-stay one.", "rel": "part", "from": "chiang-mai" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "Where the complex cases and the flagship private hospitals are, six hundred kilometres south.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "chiang-mai" }, { "to": "defiant", "type": "org", "name": "Defiant", "as": "A facilitator working out of this city.", "rel": "org", "from": "chiang-mai" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "A course of dental work is the commonest reason a visitor stays a month here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "chiang-mai" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The long stay exists partly to move the recovery here rather than home.", "rel": "step", "from": "chiang-mai" }, { "to": "sri-lanka", "type": "destination", "name": "Sri Lanka", "as": "The country whose entire private hospital sector is in this city and its suburbs.", "rel": "whole", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "Short-stay volume work, the kind a regional patient can fly in and out for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The cardiac work Maldivian patients have long been referred here for, by the trade's account.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "Quoted here itemised rather than as a package.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "panchakarma", "type": "procedure", "name": "Panchakarma", "as": "The Ayurvedic course sold elsewhere on the island, not in these hospitals.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "The Indian cluster across the strait that takes the complex referrals Colombo does not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A capital with a whole private sector in five kilometres and no count anybody publishes.", "rel": "story", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 15 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "colombo" }, { "to": "medanta", "type": "facility", "name": "Medanta — The Medicity, Gurugram", "as": "The Sector 38 hospital in Gurugram, 1,250 beds on 43 acres, opened 2009.", "rel": "part", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "fortis-gurgaon", "type": "facility", "name": "Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram", "as": "Eight kilometres north of Medanta on Fortis Hospital Road, Sector 44.", "rel": "part", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "max-saket", "type": "facility", "name": "Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket", "as": "The Delhi-side flagship, off Press Enclave Road in Saket.", "rel": "part", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country whose largest private tertiary cluster this is.", "rel": "whole", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation the Gurugram towers were built around.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The work that keeps families here for weeks and fills the guesthouse streets.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "Referred here from across South and Central Asia, by the trade's account.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The entry route, and the invitation letter the international desks issue against it.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The relative who comes too, and who has to be housed for the length of the stay.", "rel": "step", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "The southern cluster competing for the same cardiac and transplant referrals.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 40 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "delhi-ncr" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "The federation this free zone and this city sit in.", "rel": "whole", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "dha-dubai", "type": "org", "name": "Dubai Health Authority", "as": "The emirate's health authority, which licenses everything outside the free zone boundary.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "uae-clinic-licensing", "type": "rule", "name": "Licensing a clinic in the United Arab Emirates", "as": "The two-register arrangement that makes an address here a regulatory fact.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "american-hospital-dubai", "type": "facility", "name": "American Hospital Dubai", "as": "One of the city's large private hospitals, and a destination behind a share of the arrivals described here.", "rel": "part", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The programme this city sells most, priced as a day.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Sold here to a regional market that often cannot buy it at home.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The scheme by which this city's own region sends patients out while it brings others in.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "Why a city can be a source market and a destination in the same week.", "rel": "story", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "The body that accredits the standards a regulator writes, rather than the hospital.", "rel": "org", "from": "dubai" }, { "to": "cuba", "type": "destination", "name": "Cuba", "as": "The country whose entire health sector is the state, and whose export trade in care runs through one company.", "rel": "destination", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The nearest large market, and the one whose own law is the binding constraint on reaching this city.", "rel": "kin", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "santo-domingo", "type": "hub", "name": "Santo Domingo", "as": "The other Caribbean hub — private, cosmetic and reachable, where this one is public, neurological and not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "The operation Cuba exported by aircraft under Operación Milagro, free, in the opposite direction to the paying trade.", "rel": "performs", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "addiction-rehab", "type": "procedure", "name": "Residential addiction treatment", "as": "One of the courses of treatment the state company sells to foreign patients.", "rel": "performs", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "A sanctioned destination is an exclusion before it is a clinical one.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Travel because of what the state at home forbids — here the forbidding state is the patient's own.", "rel": "story", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "Most of Havana's foreign patients come from Latin America, not from the country ninety miles north.", "rel": "story", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A number published by the ministry that owns the hospitals and sells the packages is a particular kind of number.", "rel": "story", "from": "havana" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country whose licence this cluster trades under.", "rel": "whole", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The certificate every clinic here must hold, and the one document a reader can ask for by name.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation this belt is known for abroad, sold by graft count.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "dhi-hair-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Direct hair implantation (DHI)", "as": "The implanter-pen variant the clinics here price as a tier above.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "memorial-sisli", "type": "facility", "name": "Memorial Şişli Hospital", "as": "A large private hospital inside the belt, in Şişli itself.", "rel": "part", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The hospital group whose Istanbul sites take the complex work the clinic floors do not.", "rel": "part", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "ishrs", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery", "as": "The surgical society that has named this city in its warnings about unlicensed operators since 2016.", "rel": "org", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "turkiye-hair-boom", "type": "event", "name": "Türkiye's hair transplant boom", "as": "The years this belt became the thing Istanbul is known for.", "rel": "event", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "antalya", "type": "hub", "name": "Antalya", "as": "The other Turkish cluster, selling the same procedures against a beach rather than a business district.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "What a one-week package leaves behind: the wash, the shedding and the twelve-month result all happen at home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form the whole belt sells in, graft count included.", "rel": "term", "from": "istanbul" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country whose authorisation regime this cluster trades under.", "rel": "whole", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The cluster that takes the traffic this one competes for on price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "antalya", "type": "hub", "name": "Antalya", "as": "The other Turkish coast, selling the same procedures with the hotel written in.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The certificate a facility here needs before it may treat a foreign patient.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The commonest reason somebody flies to this city rather than the capital.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Sold here by clinics that also serve the domestic Aegean market.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The Balçova springs belong to this older category, and the state counts them in the same programme.", "rel": "term", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "stem-cell-unproven", "type": "procedure", "name": "Unapproved stem cell treatment", "as": "The same evidentiary problem as the thermal indications: a therapeutic claim older or louder than its testing.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "izmir" }, { "to": "south-africa", "type": "destination", "name": "South Africa", "as": "The country whose private hospital capacity concentrates in this city.", "rel": "whole", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The work a referral from central Africa most often arrives for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The elective end of the same city, sold on an exchange rate.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "The cosmetic line that has long been sold here with a holiday attached.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "Who pays for the flight home when a referral goes wrong, and on whose insurance.", "rel": "risk", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "Why a referral patient and an elective patient should never share one arrivals figure.", "rel": "story", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind the gap between this country's private sector and its public one.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The other destination competing for African referrals, at a longer flight and a higher price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "johannesburg" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "On Jalan Ampang at Ampang Hilir, 376 beds, open since 1996.", "rel": "part", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "prince-court", "type": "facility", "name": "Prince Court Medical Centre", "as": "Off Jalan Bukit Bintang beside the Tun Razak Exchange.", "rel": "part", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The country whose capital cluster this is, and which counts its patients by passport.", "rel": "whole", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The state council that licenses and lists the hospitals here, and keeps the count.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "malaysia-mhtc-licence", "type": "rule", "name": "Malaysia's healthcare travel registration", "as": "The licensing route a hospital takes to sell to foreign patients.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The fertility work that distinguishes this cluster from Penang's.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The national heart institute on Jalan Tun Razak takes regional referrals for it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The screening package the private groups sell across the strait.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "penang", "type": "hub", "name": "Penang", "as": "The island cluster taking almost the same share of national revenue from a far smaller city.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "indonesia", "type": "destination", "name": "Indonesia", "as": "Where about two-thirds of this country's foreign patients come from, on one 2024 analysis.", "rel": "kin", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a count of foreign passports in a hospital is not a count of medical travellers.", "rel": "story", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 25 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "kuala-lumpur" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The country this cluster sits in, though almost nothing about it is aimed at Mexicans.", "rel": "destination", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "nuevo-progreso", "type": "hub", "name": "Nuevo Progreso", "as": "The same trade at the other end of the same border, serving Texas instead of Arizona.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "tijuana", "type": "hub", "name": "Tijuana", "as": "The other Baja California cluster — bigger, surgical, and reached by a different kind of trip.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the patients live, and where the dental bill they are avoiding was written.", "rel": "kin", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The operation the town is built on, priced here as a fixture with the crown billed separately.", "rel": "performs", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "Sold here by the arch, which is the word that decides whether a quote is half a mouth or a whole one.", "rel": "performs", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "Priced by material on the open lists in the windows.", "rel": "performs", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who refits the crown in Ohio when it fails, and at whose price.", "rel": "risk", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Short here — the patient can come back across in an afternoon, which is not true of anywhere else in this directory.", "rel": "risk", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A base-price list with the crown on its own line is the clearest case this site has of the problem.", "rel": "story", "from": "los-algodones" }, { "to": "colombia", "type": "destination", "name": "Colombia", "as": "The country whose cosmetic surgery trade is concentrated here.", "rel": "destination", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "clinica-las-americas", "type": "facility", "name": "Clínica Las Américas", "as": "The hospital group whose international office this record reads.", "rel": "place", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "bogota", "type": "hub", "name": "Bogotá", "as": "The other Colombian hub — cardiac and oncological where this one is cosmetic.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The operation this city is best known abroad for, and the one this directory keeps a separate mortality record on.", "rel": "performs", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "The base of the body-contouring trade here, sold with the garments and the massage.", "rel": "performs", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "bbl-mortality", "type": "risk", "name": "Death from gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The reason the operation this city is known for is the one with a named death rate attached.", "rel": "risk", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The constraint that sets the length of a body-contouring stay, not the operating time.", "rel": "risk", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "Colombia's health visa, needed past ninety days, with the hospital itself explaining it.", "rel": "step", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Named in the visa rule here: a companion falls under the same requirement as the patient.", "rel": "step", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "alone-after-discharge", "type": "risk", "name": "Discharged alone", "as": "What a body-contouring patient faces in a rented flat rather than a ward.", "rel": "risk", "from": "medellin" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The country whose hospital-grade export trade concentrates here rather than on the border.", "rel": "destination", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The market three hours north by road, and the one the English-language consent forms are for.", "rel": "kin", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "tijuana", "type": "hub", "name": "Tijuana", "as": "The other Mexican surgical hub — cheaper, faster, and sold through packages rather than referrals.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "josef-woodman", "type": "person", "name": "Josef Woodman", "as": "Wrote the only city edition of his guidebook devoted to a Latin American hub, and it was this one.", "rel": "person", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "Cardiac surgery is among the work the city's hospitals sell across the border.", "rel": "performs", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The screening package a hospital sells to a corporate market on its doorstep.", "rel": "performs", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "Answered here by policy — consent documents in English, interpreters on request — which is not the norm.", "rel": "risk", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "A large university hospital naming national certifications and no international mark is one answer to it.", "rel": "story", "from": "monterrey" }, { "to": "kokilaben", "type": "facility", "name": "Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital", "as": "The 750-bed private hospital at Four Bungalows, Versova, opened 2009.", "rel": "part", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country whose oncology referrals converge on this city.", "rel": "whole", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The work that brings patients to Parel from outside India.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "Sold in the private towers of the western suburbs on the usual estimate.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "A large private fertility trade sits alongside the hospitals here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The entry route foreign patients arrive on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "delhi-ncr", "type": "hub", "name": "Delhi NCR", "as": "The northern cluster, larger and weighted to the heart rather than to cancer.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a million footfalls is not a million patients.", "rel": "story", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 25 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "mumbai" }, { "to": "cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Cyprus", "as": "The state whose capital the southern half is, and whose 2015 statute governs treatment there.", "rel": "whole", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "north-cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Northern Cyprus", "as": "The entity administering the northern half, whose regime this record does not describe because it could not read one.", "rel": "whole", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment both sides of this city sell.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Sold here into the same European shortage that feeds Barcelona and Prague.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "The question that changes most sharply across this city's buffer zone.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The other rule that decides which side of the line a patient books on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "What a journey across a line like this one is usually called.", "rel": "term", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Which court hears the complaint, and whether its judgment is recognised anywhere else.", "rel": "risk", "from": "nicosia" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The country the bridge lands in.", "rel": "destination", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The same trade at the far western end of the border, denser, and with its prices in the window.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the walkers come from, most of them wintering in the Rio Grande Valley.", "rel": "kin", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The largest single item on the street, sold across two visits.", "rel": "performs", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "Ordinary restorative work, done at a fraction of the price across the river.", "rel": "performs", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "cross-border-prescriptions", "type": "rule", "name": "A prescription that crosses a border", "as": "Half the street is pharmacies, and that is a different transaction from a course of treatment.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "counterfeit-medicines", "type": "risk", "name": "Substandard and falsified medicines", "as": "The risk that attaches to the pharmacy half of the trade rather than the dental half.", "rel": "risk", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Nearly closed here, because the patient is parked twenty minutes away until April.", "rel": "risk", "from": "nuevo-progreso" }, { "to": "panama", "type": "destination", "name": "Panama", "as": "The country this cluster is, for practical purposes, the whole of.", "rel": "destination", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "san-jose-cr", "type": "hub", "name": "San José, Costa Rica", "as": "The neighbouring Central American cluster, older, larger and built on the same North American market.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "medellin", "type": "hub", "name": "Medellín", "as": "The regional cosmetic capital, where the foreign patient is the one being priced for.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "What a hub airport and a dollar economy sell well: fly in, be measured, fly out.", "rel": "performs", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The everyday work of the cluster, bought as often by a resident as by a visitor.", "rel": "performs", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The mark the flagship hospital counts in fifths, without dating any of them.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Quoted in US dollars here, which removes the currency argument and leaves the inclusion list.", "rel": "step", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A city that sells on price and publishes none, with a statutory discount that only residents can claim.", "rel": "story", "from": "panama-city" }, { "to": "island-hospital-penang", "type": "facility", "name": "Island Hospital", "as": "At 308 Jalan Macalister, 600 beds, the anchor of the George Town cluster.", "rel": "part", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The country whose second cluster takes almost as much revenue as its capital.", "rel": "whole", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "indonesia", "type": "destination", "name": "Indonesia", "as": "The catchment: Medan is under an hour away, and about two-thirds of Malaysia's foreign patients are Indonesian on one 2024 analysis.", "rel": "kin", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The state council that lists these hospitals and publishes the counts.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The bundled screening that is most of what crosses the strait for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The cardiac work-up that often follows the screening.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "High-volume, short-stay work suited to a patient who can come back.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "kuala-lumpur", "type": "hub", "name": "Kuala Lumpur", "as": "The capital cluster selling complexity where this one sells proximity and repetition.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "Much of what arrives here is a second reading of a scan done at home.", "rel": "step", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a foreign passport in a hospital register is not a medical traveller.", "rel": "story", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 15 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "penang" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The country whose second cluster this is.", "rel": "whole", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The capital cluster that sells the complex work this island refers upward to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "One of the short operations the island's private hospitals quote to people who fly in.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "Sold here on the same recovery-in-a-resort footing.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "vaginoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Vaginoplasty", "as": "Thai surgeons took this work up early, and some of it is quoted on the island.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The shopfront trade strung along the roads into Phuket Town.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The wait before boarding, which matters more on an island whose patients arrive by air.", "rel": "risk", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Recovery in a hotel means the six-week check is somebody else's, somewhere else.", "rel": "risk", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 15 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "phuket" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "The country whose egg-donation volume this city carries most of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The treatment this city is known for, and the one its registry volume is built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle the donation sits inside.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "The priced extra on most programmes quoted here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "barcelona", "type": "hub", "name": "Barcelona", "as": "The other European donation centre, reporting larger volumes still.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that decides who arrives here and who does not.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The reimbursement route an insured EU patient can use, at the home tariff.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for what brings most of this city's fertility traffic.", "rel": "term", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The society whose registry return is the only count this record stands on.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "Unregulated here rather than permitted, which is a different footing from a licence.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "prague" }, { "to": "costa-rica", "type": "destination", "name": "Costa Rica", "as": "The country this cluster is, for practical purposes, the whole of.", "rel": "destination", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "clinica-biblica", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital Clínica Bíblica", "as": "The hospital the cluster is usually named for, and the oldest part of it.", "rel": "place", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "hospital-cima-san-jose", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital CIMA San José", "as": "The other large private hospital in the Escazú cluster.", "rel": "place", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "promed", "type": "org", "name": "PROMED", "as": "The national council that certifies providers here for international patients.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The opposite pricing habit at a comparable distance from the same market: a card in the window against a form and a callback.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The single commonest reason a North American books a flight to this valley.", "rel": "performs", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step that matters most here, because a facilitator stands between patient and surgeon in much of this market.", "rel": "step", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "In this city that is a form and a telephone call, not a page.", "rel": "step", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The mark the cluster's flagship hospital leads with.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A hospital that sells on price and prints none is the other half of that argument.", "rel": "story", "from": "san-jose-cr" }, { "to": "dominican-republic", "type": "destination", "name": "Dominican Republic", "as": "The country whose cosmetic surgery export runs almost entirely through this city.", "rel": "destination", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak", "type": "event", "name": "The Dominican mycobacterial outbreaks, 2013–14 and 2017", "as": "The 2017 cluster: 52 patients, nine states, one clinic temporarily closed, three genetic clusters and no single culprit.", "rel": "event", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the patients live and where every one of these infections was diagnosed.", "rel": "kin", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "medellin", "type": "hub", "name": "Medellín", "as": "The other cosmetic surgery hub in this batch, with a hospital group that publishes and a sector that does not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "havana", "type": "hub", "name": "Havana", "as": "The other Caribbean hub — public, neurological and legally hard to reach, where this one is private and a two-hour flight.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "Among the operations sold here, and the one with its own mortality record in this directory.", "rel": "performs", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "The base of the body-contouring trade, and the wound the mycobacteria entered.", "rel": "performs", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria", "type": "risk", "name": "Nontuberculous mycobacteria", "as": "The organism that made this city a case study, twice, four years apart.", "rel": "risk", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "An infection that presents at week six, in a country the surgeon does not practise in.", "rel": "risk", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What a patient has after an infection acquired in a clinic that has since been closed.", "rel": "risk", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "alone-after-discharge", "type": "risk", "name": "Discharged alone", "as": "A recovery house is not a ward, and the difference shows up in who notices a wound going wrong.", "rel": "risk", "from": "santo-domingo" }, { "to": "samsung-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Samsung Medical Center", "as": "At 81 Irwon-ro in Irwon-dong, the Gangnam-gu end of the university hospital pair.", "rel": "part", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "asan-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Asan Medical Center", "as": "At 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil in Songpa-gu, by the Han river.", "rel": "part", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "severance", "type": "facility", "name": "Severance Hospital", "as": "North of the river at 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Sinchon, and on the other side of the city from the clinics.", "rel": "part", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "wooridul", "type": "facility", "name": "Wooridul Spine Hospital", "as": "The spine hospital that made Korean spinal surgery a destination in its own right.", "rel": "part", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The country whose foreign-patient count this city dominates.", "rel": "whole", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "The operation the Apgujeong blocks are built on.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The one-day screening the university hospitals sell to the region.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "spinal-fusion", "type": "procedure", "name": "Spinal fusion", "as": "Korean spine surgery draws its own referrals, separate from the cosmetic trade.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "khidi", "type": "org", "name": "Korea Health Industry Development Institute", "as": "The state institute that keeps the foreign-patient count this record quotes.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "korea-foreign-patient-registration", "type": "rule", "name": "Korea's foreign patient attraction registration", "as": "The registration and reporting regime that produces those numbers.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a clinic registration count is not a headcount of travellers.", "rel": "story", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 20 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "seoul" }, { "to": "mount-elizabeth", "type": "facility", "name": "Mount Elizabeth Hospital", "as": "At 3 Mount Elizabeth in Cairnhill, 345 beds, the anchor of the Orchard belt.", "rel": "part", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "raffles-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Raffles Hospital", "as": "At 585 North Bridge Road, 380 beds, the group's own hospital away from both clusters.", "rel": "part", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The country whose entire private trade sits in these few square kilometres.", "rel": "whole", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "One of the three specialties the 2003 policy was written around.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The complex work that stayed when the routine work left.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The regional screening trade, now competed for by Penang and Bangkok.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "kuala-lumpur", "type": "hub", "name": "Kuala Lumpur", "as": "One of the neighbours that took the less complex work after 2012.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The other, and the one that made the published package price ordinary.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Part of what is being bought here: a regulator and a court that will hear a complaint.", "rel": "risk", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The destination that answers no, and sells on something else.", "rel": "story", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 15 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "singapore-city" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The country whose border-town dentistry this place is the emblem of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "The capital version of the same trade, reached by air rather than by car.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The work that brings a second visit, and the reason a day trip becomes two.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "The unit most of this town's traffic is actually booked for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "root-canal", "type": "procedure", "name": "Root canal treatment", "as": "Day-case work that fits between a morning drive and an evening one.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route an Austrian patient can claim a share of the bill back through.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why this town's clinic count is a reputation rather than a census.", "rel": "story", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who repairs the crown, ninety minutes back across the border.", "rel": "risk", "from": "sopron" }, { "to": "taiwan", "type": "destination", "name": "Taiwan", "as": "The country whose medical centres cluster in this city.", "rel": "whole", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The package the island is best known for selling across the strait and to Japan.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "Built on decades of endemic hepatitis B and the hepatology that followed it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The shopfront trade along Zhongxiao East Road rather than on the hospital campuses.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "High-volume short-stay work quoted at a published self-pay rate.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "The neighbouring East Asian cluster that turned its hospitals outward, where Taipei mostly did not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "singapore-city", "type": "hub", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The other high-cost regional centre competing for the complex case.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A hub with no count this project could verify, which is itself the finding.", "rel": "story", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that pulls every mapped hospital, clinic and dental surgery within 20 kilometres of this point.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "taipei" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "The treatment that brings most of this city's foreign traffic, and the one its law is the reason for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "The rule this whole cluster rests on, and the one this record declines to date.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle every programme here is built around.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Sold alongside, into the same European shortage.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The other export, priced against Istanbul at a shorter flight from the north.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for the journey most of this city's patients are making.", "rel": "term", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Why a permission in one country becomes an industry in its capital.", "rel": "story", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The neighbouring cluster this city's hair clinics price against.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "prague", "type": "hub", "name": "Prague", "as": "The other post-socialist fertility centre, selling donation rather than surrogacy.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tbilisi" }, { "to": "israel", "type": "destination", "name": "Israel", "as": "The country whose registration requirement governs the agents who bring patients here.", "rel": "whole", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "sheba", "type": "facility", "name": "Sheba Medical Center", "as": "The larger hospital campus at Tel HaShomer, inside this record's harvest radius.", "rel": "part", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment most often named as the reason for the journey.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "Sold alongside the cycle, and a reason some patients choose this system over their own.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "The kind of work a large public teaching hospital takes and a clinic strip cannot.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "The rule whose changes here decided who could use this city's clinics and when.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a fifteen-year-old newspaper figure is still the count in circulation.", "rel": "story", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "What a public hospital's schedule does and does not absorb when something goes wrong.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "tel-aviv" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The country whose surgical export trade is most concentrated here.", "rel": "destination", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The source market, fifteen miles away, and the health system that treats the complications.", "rel": "kin", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The other Baja California cluster — dental, smaller, and priced in the window.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "hospital-angeles-tijuana", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital Angeles Tijuana", "as": "One of the private hospitals the international trade runs through.", "rel": "place", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "The operation this city sells most, and the one named in the 2018–2019 outbreak.", "rel": "performs", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "gastric-bypass", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gastric bypass", "as": "The other weight-loss operation on the package lists here.", "rel": "performs", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "What the CDC actually found: an organism resistant to the first-line drugs, carried home in 19 states.", "rel": "risk", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The route the resistant organism took — abdominal wounds after sleeve gastrectomy.", "rel": "risk", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "stem-cell-unproven", "type": "procedure", "name": "Unapproved stem cell treatment", "as": "Sold here to patients who cannot buy it at home, which is the whole of its business model.", "rel": "performs", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Travel undertaken because the thing is not available at home; Tijuana is the North American case.", "rel": "story", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What a patient has, and does not have, when the surgeon is in another jurisdiction twenty minutes away.", "rel": "risk", "from": "tijuana" }, { "to": "tunisia", "type": "destination", "name": "Tunisia", "as": "The country whose export wing this city holds most of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "The advertised core of the francophone cosmetic trade here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "Sold here with the convalescence hotel written into the quote.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "The bariatric line beside the cosmetic one.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The thalassotherapy coast belongs to this older category and is counted in the same figures.", "rel": "term", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The other Mediterranean cosmetic cluster, selling to a different language market.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a ranking keeps standing in for a count here.", "rel": "story", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who operates again, in Paris or Lyon, when a result needs correcting.", "rel": "risk", "from": "tunis" }, { "to": "lithuania", "type": "destination", "name": "Lithuania", "as": "The country this cluster is the capital of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The operation the Baltic pitch leads with, sold against a waiting list.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The short-stay work that fills the rest of the schedule.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route that converts a wait in one member state into a booking here.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "NHS funding for treatment abroad", "as": "The scheme a British patient would be claiming under, and the reason the queue is the argument.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The line an orthopaedic quote from here usually carries separately.", "rel": "risk", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Where the physiotherapy after a joint replacement actually happens.", "rel": "step", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that measures the queue this cluster sells against.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "vilnius" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "The country this cluster is the capital of, and one that trades in both directions.", "rel": "whole", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "The other central European capital the same dental traffic is sent to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The commonest booking, priced per implant.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "Sold here as a package with the nights named.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "abortion-care", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abortion", "as": "The care Polish residents leave the country to obtain, which makes this city a departure point as well as an arrival one.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The word for the outward half of this city's traffic.", "rel": "term", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The reimbursement route an insured EU patient can use for care bought here.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "abortion-travel-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Travelling for a termination", "as": "The rule that decides which direction a patient moves in, and it is not price.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "Why an arrivals count describes half a city.", "rel": "story", "from": "warsaw" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "The operation that takes the fat and leaves the skin; this one takes the skin.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "The operation that fills this one's waiting room, and whose patients arrive with skin nobody funded removing.", "rel": "kin", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The wound, the drains and the clot risk that set the earliest flight home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "dvt-pe", "type": "risk", "name": "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism", "as": "The clot this operation and the flight home both raise.", "rel": "risk", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Somebody has to be there for the drains and the first week bent forward.", "rel": "step", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the price carries a body-weight condition on its face.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "Where the mini and the full operation are priced a line apart.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Where the ward day is a separate line from the operation.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which a weight limit or a missing ward night turns up.", "rel": "step", "from": "abdominoplasty" }, { "to": "abortion-travel-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Travelling for a termination", "as": "Where the country-by-country reading sits: who may be treated, up to what week, and on whose authorisation.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The name for crossing a border to do lawfully what home law forbids.", "rel": "term", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where a provider publishes one price list in two currencies, sterling and euro.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the same journey runs between states and a provider's price floor is an abortion fund.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "ireland", "type": "destination", "name": "Ireland", "as": "The route the euro column on the British list was written for.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "cross-border-prescriptions", "type": "rule", "name": "A prescription that crosses a border", "as": "The by-post route, where the medicine crosses the border instead of the patient.", "rel": "rule", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step at which a resident's price of zero becomes a non-resident's telephone call.", "rel": "step", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The consultation is a separate line on every list read here, and it is a third of the smallest total.", "rel": "step", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "Where a day case stops being a day case: the bleeding and the distance from a clinician.", "rel": "step", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "patient-data-transfer", "type": "rule", "name": "Moving a medical record across a border", "as": "What is recorded, who is told, and what follows the patient home — a Dutch clinic states it informs neither insurer nor family doctor.", "rel": "rule", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The other reproductive procedure whose travel is set by what each country's law allows rather than by price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "abortion-care" }, { "to": "knee-arthroscopy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Knee arthroscopy", "as": "The smaller operation done through the same portals, and often in the same anaesthetic.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The other knee on the price table, thirty years further on.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Packages this operation with meniscus work and two nights.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the Bangkok ligament package on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the £7,399 self-pay price on this page is sold, physiotherapy inside it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "lithuania", "type": "destination", "name": "Lithuania", "as": "Where the advertised floor price on this page comes from.", "rel": "destination", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Whose schedule pays the same fee for this as for a hip replacement.", "rel": "destination", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who supervises nine months of rehabilitation after a two-night admission abroad.", "rel": "risk", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step this operation lives or dies by, and which most price pages leave out.", "rel": "step", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form the Bangkok price takes, meniscus work folded in.", "rel": "term", "from": "acl-reconstruction" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where a month of residential treatment is published as a bracket with both lists attached.", "rel": "destination", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market whose own tariff is the comparison being made.", "rel": "destination", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "panchakarma", "type": "procedure", "name": "Panchakarma", "as": "The other long-stay course sold by the night, in the same countries, to a different buyer.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The trade this one is marketed beside, and is repeatedly confused with.", "rel": "term", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "thai-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "Thailand's medical treatment visa", "as": "Whether a month or a quarter of treatment fits the entry the patient arrived on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "cross-border-prescriptions", "type": "rule", "name": "A prescription that crosses a border", "as": "What happens to the medication started abroad when the patient lands at home.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Where the promise of lifetime aftercare groups has to be kept, by video.", "rel": "step", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Whether any of this is funded at home, which decides who travels.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Family involvement across time zones is part of the treatment and none of the price.", "rel": "step", "from": "addiction-rehab" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The single screw this technique uses four of, priced one at a time on the same lists.", "rel": "part", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "full-mouth-restoration", "type": "procedure", "name": "Full mouth restoration", "as": "What two of these arches add up to, and the price nobody prints as one number.", "rel": "whole", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "The single-tooth version of the same laboratory work, and the line that shows how each clinic splits a bill.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where this arch is quoted from 290,000 baht with the clinic fees outside it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "Where the laboratory fee for the bridge is printed as its own line.", "rel": "destination", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where the trademark is sold in three implant brands with a US comparison column beside it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The border town whose clinics price this arch against a US figure of their own making.", "rel": "place", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "The city that prices the same arch in two lines and half the money.", "rel": "place", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which per-arch turns into per-mouth and the bill doubles.", "rel": "step", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The same trap as the joint implant: a headline price that is a subtotal.", "rel": "risk", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who remakes the bridge when it fractures, and at whose price.", "rel": "risk", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this technique is sold in, one arch at a time.", "rel": "term", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "graft", "type": "term", "name": "Graft", "as": "The other trade unit whose count decides a price, in a different trade.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "all-on-four" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The open operation this one competes with, at four times the price on the same hospital's page.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "heart-valve-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Heart valve replacement", "as": "The other cardiac package on the same Thai list, sold by level and by nights.", "rel": "kin", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "bangkok-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Bangkok Hospital", "as": "Publishes the angiography and intervention packages this page reads, special device excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "medanta", "type": "facility", "name": "Medanta — The Medicity, Gurugram", "as": "Publishes an index of its coronary stent prices beside the price regulator's notifications.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The trap by its own name: the stent is the special device the package leaves out.", "rel": "risk", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the wrist route costs 23,000 baht more than the groin.", "rel": "destination", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where the state caps what a stent may be sold for and hospitals publish the ceiling.", "rel": "destination", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the schedule pays for one coronary territory at a time.", "rel": "destination", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which a stent turns out not to be in the stent package.", "rel": "step", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "counterfeit-medicines", "type": "risk", "name": "Substandard and falsified medicines", "as": "The neighbouring worry about what is in the box, here about devices rather than drugs.", "rel": "risk", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who prescribes and monitors the antiplatelet drugs after the flight home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "What the Australian figure on this page is, and why it is not a bill.", "rel": "term", "from": "angioplasty-stent" }, { "to": "assisted-dying-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "as": "Where the country-by-country reading sits, including the jurisdictions that provide for residents only.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "switzerland", "type": "destination", "name": "Switzerland", "as": "The one destination, and the only country with associations that accept non-residents.", "rel": "destination", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The word for crossing a border to do lawfully what cannot be done at home.", "rel": "term", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "repatriation", "type": "term", "name": "Repatriation", "as": "Two of the five published Swiss lines are for what happens to the body and the paperwork afterwards.", "rel": "term", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Nobody makes this journey alone, and the escort is a published line on the bill.", "rel": "step", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "The first 4,000 francs buys an assessment, and the page says so.", "rel": "step", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "One association publishes what is returned when an application is refused and what is kept when it is withdrawn.", "rel": "risk", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The medical file assembled at home is what the Swiss doctor decides on.", "rel": "step", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "The step this record is entirely composed of.", "rel": "step", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "informed-consent", "type": "term", "name": "Informed consent", "as": "The requirement that the person act for themselves at the end is a consent rule before it is a clinical one.", "rel": "term", "from": "assisted-dying" }, { "to": "bbl-mortality", "type": "risk", "name": "Death from gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The risk this operation carries, with the task-force figure and the argument over what it counts.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "The first half of this operation, and the reason its price cannot be added to a liposuction price.", "rel": "part", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "The other place harvested fat is injected, with a different risk profile.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "One of the two societies whose members answered the mortality survey.", "rel": "org", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "Sitting restrictions and the clot risk of the flight collide in this operation more than any other cosmetic one.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "dvt-pe", "type": "risk", "name": "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism", "as": "A different embolism from the fat one, and the one the flight home adds.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "A destination where the operation is sold in packages alongside hair surgery.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Where a clinic publishes a price stated to cover post-operative care.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The source market whose society published the mortality survey.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What a family can do, and where, when the death happens abroad.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who treats the complication after the flight, and who pays.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bbl" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Grew out of these units and is still given in them; the accreditation that qualifies a centre for one qualifies it for the other.", "rel": "descendant", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "The other transplant in this directory where a second person carries the risk.", "rel": "kin", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Built large half-matched transplant programmes that take patients from countries with no unit.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Runs transplant units that treat foreign patients, and publishes a licensing regime for them.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "blood-supply-safety", "type": "risk", "name": "Blood supply safety", "as": "The transfusions that carry a patient through the weeks without marrow.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "What an infection means in a patient with no immune system, and what a patient can carry home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "A hundred days near the centre with a full-time carer, which no package price covers.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Graft-versus-host disease declares itself months later, in another country.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Sets the framework under which donated cells and tissues move between countries.", "rel": "org", "from": "bone-marrow-transplant" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The other fat-grafting operation, and the one with a published mortality figure attached to it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "Where the fat comes from when the augmentation is done without an implant.", "rel": "part", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the price is published one implant brand at a time.", "rel": "destination", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "A European price list for the same operation, in koruna.", "rel": "destination", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Where the ward day is priced separately from the operation.", "rel": "destination", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The line item that decides whether a published price is half a bill; here the device is usually inside it, which is the exception.", "rel": "risk", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "revision", "type": "term", "name": "Revision", "as": "Implants are removed and replaced; the first price covers none of that.", "rel": "term", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who holds the implant card, and who scans the breast in five years.", "rel": "risk", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "The society whose global survey counts this operation across countries.", "rel": "org", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step where the brand, the volume and the ward night are separated from the headline.", "rel": "step", "from": "breast-augmentation" }, { "to": "angioplasty-stent", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary angioplasty and stent", "as": "The catheter alternative, a tenth of the price on the same hospital's page and a different argument about who needs which.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "heart-valve-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Heart valve replacement", "as": "The other open-heart operation, priced below this one on the same Bangkok list.", "rel": "kin", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "narayana-health", "type": "facility", "name": "Narayana Health", "as": "The group whose 2013 figure made this operation the subject's standard comparison.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "bangkok-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Bangkok Hospital", "as": "Publishes the bypass packages this page reads, special device excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where the volume argument about this operation was made.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the operation is sold as a package with the nights counted.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The other end of the 2013 comparison, and the market it was aimed at.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the state prices the surgeon's service rather than the admission.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "bengaluru", "type": "hub", "name": "Bengaluru", "as": "The city outside which the cheap-bypass argument was built.", "rel": "place", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "What a schedule fee is, and why it cannot be read against a package price.", "rel": "term", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The rule that keeps a chest-surgery patient on the ground for ten days.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "What it costs to bring home a patient whose bypass went wrong abroad.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who reads the echocardiogram at three months, and where.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cabg" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The older cell therapy whose accredited units became the centres allowed to give this one.", "rel": "origin", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "The same scarcity told in concrete rather than in licences.", "rel": "kin", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "gamma-knife", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gamma knife radiosurgery", "as": "Another treatment a patient reaches by travelling to the equipment.", "rel": "kin", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The EU form under which a health service can send a patient across a border for treatment it cannot give at home.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "Holds more qualified centres than any other European country, and reached access the month the product was authorised.", "rel": "destination", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Approved a domestically made CD19 product in October 2023 at a fraction of the US price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "alone-after-discharge", "type": "risk", "name": "Discharged alone", "as": "Two weeks near the centre with a carer, which is the part no price list carries.", "rel": "risk", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The label assumes someone is watching the patient daily; somebody has to be that person, in another country.", "rel": "step", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Where a published list price and what a payer actually pays stop being the same number.", "rel": "rule", "from": "car-t" }, { "to": "lasik", "type": "procedure", "name": "LASIK", "as": "The refractive operation the same Australian item explicitly refuses to pay for.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "icl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Implantable collamer lens", "as": "The implanted lens that sits in front of the natural one rather than replacing it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The other operation whose price page turns on which implant is in the package.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the phacoemulsification package this page reads, monofocal lens included and the consultation excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the lens is inside the package and the screening is outside it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the state pays for the cataract lens and names the refractive exclusion in the same sentence.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route under which Ireland repays a cataract done in another member state at its own DRG price.", "rel": "rule", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The trap this operation mostly avoids by naming the lens — and reopens by naming only some lenses.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which Set 1 turns out to mean one kind of lens.", "rel": "step", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who checks the eye the day after, and who sees it at six weeks.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "What the Irish and Australian figures on this page are, and why they are not bills.", "rel": "term", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that counts how long a public patient waits for this operation.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "cataract-surgery" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The exact shape of this device's problem: an operation that crosses a border easily and a programming appointment that does not.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Where the map, the spare parts and the audiologist have to be, for the rest of the patient's life.", "rel": "step", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who reimplants a failed internal device, and on whose bill.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The same trick in another trade: a price for the operation that is not a price for the hardware.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The paper a patient carries home, which for this device has to include the implant model and the map.", "rel": "step", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Runs implant programmes and a state subsidy scheme, and takes patients from neighbouring countries with none.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Implants at scale under a licensing regime for foreign patients.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the shortfall in replacement processors has been measured and published.", "rel": "place", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Where a payer funds the implant and declines the processor nine years later.", "rel": "rule", "from": "cochlear-implant" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The root this crown is often screwed to, and the line it is billed apart from.", "rel": "part", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "root-canal", "type": "procedure", "name": "Root canal treatment", "as": "What usually comes first, on the same bill and the same trip.", "rel": "kin", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "veneers", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental veneers", "as": "The thinner cousin, covering the front of a tooth rather than the whole of it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "full-mouth-restoration", "type": "procedure", "name": "Full mouth restoration", "as": "The job that counts these in tens.", "rel": "whole", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the price falls when the sixth tooth is crowned.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "Where the laboratory fee is a line of its own beside every crown.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Where the clinic prints an average UK price beside its own.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market whose band 3 charge of £332.10 is the number these lists are written against.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "The city that made dental travel a European industry.", "rel": "place", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The border town where a crown is quoted against a US figure the clinic supplies itself.", "rel": "place", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where a crown quote turns out to exclude the laboratory fee.", "rel": "step", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who recements a crown that comes off at home, and what they charge.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dental-crown" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "The part that goes on top, billed separately on every price list read for this page.", "rel": "part", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "What four of these become when a whole jaw is rebuilt on them.", "rel": "whole", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "full-mouth-restoration", "type": "procedure", "name": "Full mouth restoration", "as": "The larger job single implants are counted into.", "rel": "whole", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the fixture-and-crown split is printed as two columns.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "Where the lab fee is printed as its own line beside every implant.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where the border clinics price the implant against a US comparison of their own.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Where one page quotes both the screw alone and the finished tooth.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The border town whose dental surgeries this page's Mexican price comes from.", "rel": "place", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "The city whose clinics price implants in parts and sell the parts as packages.", "rel": "place", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The same trap as the joint implant, written smaller and more often.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step that decides whether a quoted implant is a screw or a tooth.", "rel": "step", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who sees the implant at the six-month check, and who fixes a failed one.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dental-implant" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation this is a branded variant of, with the same harvest and the same donor limits.", "rel": "origin", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "graft", "type": "term", "name": "Graft", "as": "The unit both techniques are sold in, and which neither of these two prices states.", "rel": "term", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Where the two techniques are sold from the same price list.", "rel": "place", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The destination that sells both at a package price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "Where the brand owner publishes its own ladder of prices.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The hub whose clinics price by extent of hair loss rather than by graft.", "rel": "place", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "ishrs", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery", "as": "The society whose statement on who may create recipient sites bears directly on a technique that makes the site and places the graft in one movement.", "rel": "org", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "Where claims of higher graft survival may be made, and where they may not.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step at which a technique name becomes a price tier.", "rel": "step", "from": "dhi-hair-transplant" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "What this treatment is the alternative to, and the operation that ends it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The other organ in this directory where a traveller is already a patient before the journey starts.", "rel": "kin", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the only two hospital-published per-session rates read for this record are posted.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "phuket", "type": "hub", "name": "Phuket", "as": "The resort with a hospital department named for this traffic.", "rel": "hub", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "Where entitlement usually replaces the price, and a private unit's session appears when it does not.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Where an agency quotes sessions by resort, sometimes with the transfer inside the number.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route by which a European patient's home system may meet the cost of treatment in another member state.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Whether a travel policy covers pre-existing renal failure is the question that decides this trip.", "rel": "rule", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The prescription and the serology are what the receiving unit books on.", "rel": "step", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "booking-the-flight", "type": "pathway", "name": "Booking the flight", "as": "Sessions are booked before the flight here, not after it.", "rel": "step", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "bloodborne-virus", "type": "risk", "name": "Bloodborne virus from treatment abroad", "as": "Hepatitis status decides whether a unit has a machine for the patient at all.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The reverse case: the home unit keeps the patient and lends them out for a fortnight.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dialysis-holiday" }, { "to": "spinal-fusion", "type": "procedure", "name": "Spinal fusion", "as": "The operation this one competes with, 48,600 baht cheaper at the same Bangkok hospital and paid the same fee in Australia.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the one-level cervical disc replacement package this page reads, prosthesis excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the package price on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where the hospital's own undated range on this page comes from.", "rel": "destination", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Whose schedule attaches a five-part eligibility test to the fee.", "rel": "destination", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The exclusion that removes the device the operation is named after.", "rel": "risk", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step on which this package's headline figure turns.", "rel": "step", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "What five written eligibility conditions amount to when a payer applies them.", "rel": "term", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "What the Australian figure is, and why it is not a bill.", "rel": "term", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A headline price with the prosthesis taken out of it.", "rel": "story", "from": "disc-replacement" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle this is a version of, run on somebody else's eggs.", "rel": "whole", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that decides whether the donor can stay unnamed, and so which country the cycle is bought in.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "sperm-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sperm donation", "as": "The same bargain on the other side of the dish, with a different cap and a different queue.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "egg-freezing", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg freezing", "as": "Where the frozen eggs in a donor bank come from, and the same laboratory step.", "rel": "kin", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "What this traffic is called when the reason for it is a prohibition at home.", "rel": "term", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word offered for the patient who must leave to be treated.", "rel": "term", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "Sets the UK compensation cap and the ten-family limit this record quotes.", "rel": "governs", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "Publishes the European pregnancy rate per transfer after egg donation.", "rel": "measures", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step where a donor-egg package that excludes the donor eggs is found.", "rel": "step", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "Where a published cycle price names the donor's compensation among its inclusions.", "rel": "destination", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "greece", "type": "destination", "name": "Greece", "as": "Where the guaranteed-blastocyst packages on this page are sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The largest European destination for this treatment by cycle count in the ESHRE registries.", "rel": "destination", "from": "egg-donation" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle this is the first half of, and the treatment the frozen eggs come back to.", "rel": "part", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Where frozen donor eggs in a bank come from, and the same laboratory step for someone else's benefit.", "rel": "kin", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "icsi", "type": "procedure", "name": "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection", "as": "How a thawed egg is fertilised, because its outer coat hardens in freezing.", "rel": "kin", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "The next optional charge on embryos made from these eggs.", "rel": "kin", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "Sets the UK storage limit and publishes the average UK price this record quotes.", "rel": "governs", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The US series behind the per-transfer figure for embryos from frozen eggs.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "The yearly storage invoice, and what happens to a store when it stops being paid.", "rel": "risk", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A headline price with a drug bill outside it and a storage bill after it.", "rel": "story", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "How this treatment is paid for almost everywhere, since few payers cover it without a medical indication.", "rel": "term", "from": "egg-freezing" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the executive package this record reads, with its validity date and its exclusions.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the check-up is sold with a shopping cart and a price valid to a stated date.", "rel": "destination", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "Where the package is graded by the buyer's age and sex.", "rel": "destination", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The third published price on this record, and the most specific in what it covers.", "rel": "destination", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The hub whose hospitals sell screening as the first purchase.", "rel": "place", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The neighbouring trade, and the one screening packages are sold beside in hotel and spa bundles.", "rel": "term", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this product is native to.", "rel": "term", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "What happens to an abnormal result eight time zones from the doctor who will act on it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The report travels as a PDF; the images usually need asking for before departure.", "rel": "step", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "dialysis-holiday", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dialysis away from home", "as": "The other outpatient course sold to travellers, priced per session rather than per programme.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "executive-health-screening" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "The other face operation on the same price lists, at roughly half the price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "A destination that built a face-surgery trade on technique rather than on discount.", "rel": "destination", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the same word is priced as five different operations with their ward nights printed.", "rel": "destination", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "Where the price names the layer of the face it lifts.", "rel": "destination", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The source market whose published figure is a surgeon's fee alone.", "rel": "destination", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Two weeks of visible bruising, and somebody has to be in the room.", "rel": "step", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Sutures out in stages, and the last of them often after the flight.", "rel": "step", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form that bundles hotel nights with theatre time, and which this operation depends on most.", "rel": "term", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "informed-consent", "type": "term", "name": "Informed consent", "as": "The facial nerve is the risk that consent conversations turn on, and language is part of that conversation.", "rel": "term", "from": "facelift" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "The commonest single answer for one jaw, and the trademark the price lists sort by.", "rel": "part", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The screws this work is counted in, priced one at a time on the same lists.", "rel": "part", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "The unit the surviving teeth are covered in.", "rel": "part", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "veneers", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental veneers", "as": "The cosmetic half of the same quotation, when the back teeth are sound.", "rel": "kin", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where the whole ladder from a $320 denture to $13,310 of All-on-6 is printed on one page.", "rel": "destination", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the same choice is published as two sums to be added.", "rel": "destination", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "Where the arch price is a treatment line plus a laboratory line.", "rel": "destination", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market where one band 3 charge covers a course however many teeth it holds.", "rel": "destination", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The border town this work is bought in by the arch.", "rel": "place", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "The European city that built its dental trade on jobs this size.", "rel": "place", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which per-arch becomes per-mouth.", "rel": "step", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "Where a job this size meets a clinic's staged deposit terms.", "rel": "step", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who checks a rebuilt bite at six months, and where.", "rel": "risk", "from": "full-mouth-restoration" }, { "to": "hernia-repair", "type": "procedure", "name": "Hernia repair", "as": "The other keyhole operation on the same Bangkok list and the same Irish tariff, priced a little lower.", "rel": "kin", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "hysterectomy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Hysterectomy", "as": "The other abdominal operation that travels on a queue rather than a price.", "rel": "kin", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the cholecystectomy packages this page reads, keyhole and robotic.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "bangkok-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Bangkok Hospital", "as": "Publishes a robotic cholecystectomy package of its own.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the robot adds 45% to the price of the same organ.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where one fee covers the operation by any approach.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market whose queue makes a foreign price legible.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route under which an Irish patient is repaid at the Irish price for this operation done abroad.", "rel": "rule", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which a converted operation stops being covered by the fixed price.", "rel": "step", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after abdominal surgery a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who sees the wounds at two weeks, and who investigates the pain that did not go away.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that counts the queue for exactly this kind of operation.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "gallbladder-removal" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "The other machine people cross a border to reach, and the one that takes weeks rather than an afternoon.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gamma-knife" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Scarcity of a different kind: there, the restriction is who may give the treatment, not who owns the hardware.", "rel": "kin", "from": "gamma-knife" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "The step where a patient learns that the machine exists at all, and in which country.", "rel": "step", "from": "gamma-knife" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The imaging a distant unit needs before it will accept a referral.", "rel": "step", "from": "gamma-knife" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The scan at six months, back home, that nobody booked.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gamma-knife" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Where a payer decides a branded machine is a different thing from the linear accelerator down the road.", "rel": "rule", "from": "gamma-knife" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The plain name this directory uses for what a patient does to reach a machine in another country.", "rel": "term", "from": "gamma-knife" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "The permanent operation on the same price column, at more than twice the price and a different kind of purchase.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "gastric-bypass", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gastric bypass", "as": "The other permanent operation sold beside it, where this device is not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where the cheapest published price for this device was read.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the device's regulator published the placement limit and the adverse events this record quotes.", "rel": "place", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who takes the balloon out, months later, in the country the patient went home to.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Where early removal for intolerance is found outside the price that included removal.", "rel": "step", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "What is owed when a device comes out early and the months it was bought for did not happen.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form that puts a rented device in a column of permanent operations.", "rel": "term", "from": "gastric-balloon" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "The cheaper operation on the same price lists, and the one a bypass is often a revision of.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "gastric-balloon", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gastric balloon", "as": "The temporary device at a third of the price on the same page, and not an operation at all.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where both published prices on this page are sold, a short drive from the border.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "tijuana", "type": "hub", "name": "Tijuana", "as": "The city that prices eight bariatric operations in one column.", "rel": "place", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who orders the annual bloods this operation makes compulsory, once the coordinator's calls stop.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who operates when a join leaks or a pouch fails, in a country that did not do the first operation.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Whether a home payer covers a complication of an operation it did not authorise.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after this abdominal operation a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this operation is sold in, and what the week-long bundle leaves out.", "rel": "term", "from": "gastric-bypass" }, { "to": "gastric-bypass", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gastric bypass", "as": "The other permanent operation, more expensive on the same price lists, and where a failed sleeve is often converted to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "gastric-balloon", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gastric balloon", "as": "The temporary device sold from the same pages at a third of the price, and not an operation.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Where the cheapest published packages for this operation are sold, hotel and transfers included.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The other high-volume destination, reached by road from San Diego rather than by air.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The city whose clinics quote this operation in three currencies on one page.", "rel": "place", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "tijuana", "type": "hub", "name": "Tijuana", "as": "The border city whose packages include the ground transfer from the United States.", "rel": "place", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who checks the bloods at year three, when the package's six months of video calls have run out.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who operates when a sleeve leaks, strictures or has to become a bypass.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after this abdominal operation a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step where lifetime multivitamins are found on the exclusion list of an all-inclusive price.", "rel": "step", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this operation is sold in, hotel and transfers inside, aftercare outside.", "rel": "term", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "The companion whose flights and meals the package prices separately or not at all.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gastric-sleeve" }, { "to": "dhi-hair-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Direct hair implantation (DHI)", "as": "The same operation with a branded implanter pen doing the placing, priced as a tier above it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "fue", "type": "term", "name": "FUE", "as": "The three letters, and what the society that certifies the surgeons renamed them.", "rel": "term", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "graft", "type": "term", "name": "Graft", "as": "The unit this operation is priced in, and the one that is routinely inflated.", "rel": "term", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The city this operation built, and which built it.", "rel": "place", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The destination whose hair trade is the largest single procedure market in cross-border care.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "turkiye-hair-boom", "type": "event", "name": "Türkiye's hair transplant boom", "as": "The years the corridor formed.", "rel": "event", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "ishrs", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery", "as": "The society whose position statement names who should be cutting.", "rel": "org", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "Where before-and-after photography and graft-count claims are regulated, and where they are not.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where a photograph produces a graft number, and the number produces the price.", "rel": "step", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "A source market whose own clinics publish what they quote, and what their competitors quote.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "A second destination pricing the same operation in a different currency and a wider range.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hair-transplant-fue" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The other open-heart operation, priced above this one on the same Bangkok list.", "rel": "kin", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "angioplasty-stent", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary angioplasty and stent", "as": "The catheter procedure whose package carries the same five-word device exclusion.", "rel": "kin", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The other implant operation whose package price excludes the implant.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "bangkok-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Bangkok Hospital", "as": "Publishes the valve packages this page reads, prosthesis excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where valve surgery is sold by level, by nights, and without the valve.", "rel": "destination", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the schedule prices the surgeon's service at a fixed fee whichever valve it is.", "rel": "destination", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The line item this operation's headline price leaves out.", "rel": "risk", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who monitors the anticoagulation a mechanical valve requires, weekly, at home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who replaces a tissue valve in fifteen years, and where.", "rel": "risk", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The rule that keeps a chest-surgery patient on the ground.", "rel": "risk", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which special device turns out to mean the valve.", "rel": "step", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this operation is sold in, and the reason its exclusions matter.", "rel": "term", "from": "heart-valve-replacement" }, { "to": "gallbladder-removal", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gallbladder removal", "as": "The other keyhole operation on the same Bangkok package list and the same Irish tariff.", "rel": "kin", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "prostatectomy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Prostatectomy", "as": "The other pelvic operation sold by the night and the route.", "rel": "kin", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the eight hernia prices this page reads, mesh unnamed inside the supplies line.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the surgical route is a price tier and the second side is not double.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where one schedule fee covers every route to the same repair.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market whose waiting list makes a foreign price worth reading.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route under which an Irish patient is repaid at the Irish price for a hernia done abroad.", "rel": "rule", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which one night turns out to mean one night exactly.", "rel": "step", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who repairs a recurrence, and who deals with chronic groin pain after a mesh.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after abdominal surgery a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who looks at the wound at two weeks once the patient has flown.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that counts the queue for exactly this kind of operation.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "hernia-repair" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The same trade, the other joint — and the cheaper package at the same Bangkok hospital, by 68,700 baht.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the four-night hip package this page reads, implant excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "bangkok-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Bangkok Hospital", "as": "Prices a direct anterior approach hip on its own page, implant excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where both package prices on this page are sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the self-pay price on this page is sold, and the queue most of its buyers are leaving.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "lithuania", "type": "destination", "name": "Lithuania", "as": "Where the advertised floor price on this page comes from, refund paperwork offered with it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The line the Bangkok packages put in writing and the English price list does not mention.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this operation is sold in, and the reason its exclusions decide the bill.", "rel": "term", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "What the Australian schedule fee is, and why it is not a price a patient pays.", "rel": "term", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after this operation a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who operates when the cup loosens, and who pays for it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that counts the queue this operation is best known for.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The refund route the Lithuanian price page leads with.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "hip-replacement" }, { "to": "prostatectomy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Prostatectomy", "as": "The operation on the other side of the same waiting list, priced the same three ways.", "rel": "kin", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "gallbladder-removal", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gallbladder removal", "as": "The other keyhole operation that travels on a queue rather than on a price.", "rel": "kin", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the laparoscopic hysterectomy package this page reads, energy devices excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the operation is sold as two nights with the sealing device outside the price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market whose waiting list is the reason to read a foreign price at all.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the state prices the surgeon's service and the hospital bills separately.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route under which an Irish patient is repaid at the Irish price for this operation done abroad.", "rel": "rule", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The same shape of exclusion, here a sealing device rather than a joint.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which special equipment turns out to mean the instrument the operation uses.", "rel": "step", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after abdominal surgery a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who checks the wound and the vault at six weeks, and where.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that counts the queue this operation leaves home to escape.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "hysterectomy" }, { "to": "lasik", "type": "procedure", "name": "LASIK", "as": "The laser operation this one exists for the eyes that fail — and the price it is measured against on every page that sells both.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "The operation that removes the natural lens; this one leaves it, and is taken out when that day comes.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the ICL package this page reads, lens included and screening excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where one eye by implant costs more than two eyes by laser at the same hospital.", "rel": "destination", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the implant is priced per eye against the same provider's laser ladder.", "rel": "destination", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The city whose hospital eye centres sell both halves of this choice from one list.", "rel": "place", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The trap this package avoids by naming the lens, and narrows by naming only some types.", "rel": "risk", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which same-day surgery turns out to price an overnight stay separately.", "rel": "step", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who checks the eye pressure in the weeks after, and who takes the lens out in thirty years.", "rel": "risk", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Why this is an out-of-pocket purchase in both markets read here.", "rel": "rule", "from": "icl" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle this step sits inside, and the word most price pages use for both.", "rel": "whole", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "sperm-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sperm donation", "as": "Where the sperm comes from when it does not come from a partner, and the law that decides whether it may.", "rel": "kin", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "The next laboratory charge on the same embryos, priced per embryo.", "rel": "kin", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The other half of the cycle that can be bought from a stranger.", "rel": "kin", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "Publishes the European registry figures that put ICSI at three-quarters of all treatment.", "rel": "measures", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The US series behind the 77.7% of 2022 transfers using ICSI.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "Decides whether the sperm in the needle can belong to an unnamed donor.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form that hides this step inside a cycle price, or itemises it.", "rel": "term", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step of the journey where a bundled ICSI and an itemised one turn out to differ.", "rel": "step", "from": "icsi" }, { "to": "icsi", "type": "procedure", "name": "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection", "as": "The fertilisation method used in most of these cycles, and bundled into the price on nearly every list.", "rel": "part", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The same cycle with someone else's eggs — and the version most often crossing a border.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "The test added to embryos from this cycle, priced per embryo and rated red by the UK regulator.", "rel": "part", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "egg-freezing", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg freezing", "as": "The first half of this cycle, stopped after collection and resumed years later.", "rel": "kin", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "What the law-driven half of this traffic is called in the literature.", "rel": "term", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word offered for patients who travel because home will not treat them.", "rel": "term", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that decides whether the donor can stay unnamed, and so where the cycle is bought.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "The neighbouring prohibition that reaches across the same borders.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "Publishes the UK birth rates this record quotes, and rates the add-ons sold alongside the cycle.", "rel": "measures", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "Runs the European register behind the continental figures, and the taskforce that counted cross-border patients.", "rel": "measures", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "cycle", "type": "term", "name": "Cycle", "as": "The unit this treatment is sold and counted in, and the reason two prices are not comparable.", "rel": "term", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "Where the cheapest published cycle on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form a cycle is sold in, and the reason the drug bill sits outside it.", "rel": "term", "from": "ivf" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The same law, the same donor question, a longer operation and four times the bill.", "rel": "kin", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "transplant-prohibition", "type": "rule", "name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "as": "Where the country-by-country law sits: one named instrument, one date, one jurisdiction at a time.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "What the published follow-up records about grafts bought abroad, for the recipient and for the donor.", "rel": "risk", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "declaration-of-istanbul-group", "type": "org", "name": "Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group", "as": "Keeps the standing international text this page quotes, and revised it in 2018.", "rel": "org", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "istanbul-declaration-2008", "type": "event", "name": "The Declaration of Istanbul, 2008", "as": "The Istanbul summit of April 2008, where the definitions on this page were agreed.", "rel": "event", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Guiding Principle 5, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2010, is the rule the statutes are written against.", "rel": "org", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The other transplant here where a healthy second person takes the risk.", "rel": "kin", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "bloodborne-virus", "type": "risk", "name": "Bloodborne virus from treatment abroad", "as": "What an unscreened donor can transmit with the graft.", "rel": "risk", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Who answers for an operation performed where the recipient cannot sue and the donor cannot be found.", "rel": "risk", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "A graft that arrives home without an operative note, and a clinic that must take it on anyway.", "rel": "risk", "from": "kidney-transplant" }, { "to": "acl-reconstruction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction", "as": "The bigger operation through the same portals, and three times the price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "What the arthritic knee ends up having when the keyhole work does not hold.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Packages repair and resection of the meniscus at one price with one night.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the Bangkok arthroscopy package on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the £5,899 self-pay price on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "lithuania", "type": "destination", "name": "Lithuania", "as": "Where the cheapest advertised orthopaedic price in this batch comes from.", "rel": "destination", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Whose schedule writes the disputed indication into the item's own wording.", "rel": "destination", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "day-case", "type": "term", "name": "Day case", "as": "What this operation usually is, and what a one-night package quietly is not.", "rel": "term", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "The gate a payer uses where the indication is contested.", "rel": "term", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The question a day case answers worst, once the flight is counted.", "rel": "story", "from": "knee-arthroscopy" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The same trade, the other joint — and the one whose package price is usually higher.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the knee package this page reads, implant excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the knee package on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this operation is usually sold in, and the reason its exclusions matter.", "rel": "term", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The line item this operation's headline price usually leaves out.", "rel": "risk", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after this operation a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "waiting-lists", "type": "story", "name": "The queue is the product", "as": "The queue at home that sends most knee patients abroad in the first place.", "rel": "kin", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who takes the stitches out, and who sees the knee at six weeks.", "rel": "risk", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind the map of what each country spends on health per person.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "knee-replacement" }, { "to": "icl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Implantable collamer lens", "as": "The operation for the eyes this one cannot treat, at roughly twice the price per eye from the same providers.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "The lens operation the Australian schedule funds, in the same descriptor that refuses this one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Sells the lenticule version of this operation for both eyes, screening excluded.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the four techniques are priced as a ladder, per eye, aftercare included.", "rel": "destination", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the price is quoted per eye before discounts and the survey range is four times wide.", "rel": "destination", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where both eyes cost less than one eye elsewhere, and the suitability examination is a separate purchase.", "rel": "destination", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The city whose hospital eye centres sell refractive surgery as a package.", "rel": "place", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Why this operation is bought rather than claimed, in every market read here.", "rel": "rule", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step at which a per-eye price turns into a per-patient one.", "rel": "step", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who sees the eye the next day, and who does the enhancement a year later.", "rel": "risk", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "What an included enhancement is worth once the patient is on another continent.", "rel": "risk", "from": "lasik" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The operation that begins with this one, and then injects what it harvested.", "rel": "part", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "The operation that removes the skin this one leaves behind, and the one it is often sold beside.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "Where the harvested fat goes when no implant is used.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the price is published per named region of the body.", "rel": "destination", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "Where the price is published per area, with the area count on the page.", "rel": "destination", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The market whose published figure is a surgeon's fee rather than a price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened", "type": "risk", "name": "Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival", "as": "Large-volume aspiration is an anaesthetic problem as much as a surgical one.", "rel": "risk", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form in which areas, garments and ward nights are bundled or not.", "rel": "term", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Four prices for one operation, each counting a different quantity.", "rel": "story", "from": "liposuction" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "The same law and the same donor question, a shorter operation and less than half the bill.", "rel": "kin", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "transplant-prohibition", "type": "rule", "name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "as": "Where the country-by-country reading sits: whether a non-resident may be transplanted, and whether an unrelated living donor may give.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "What the published follow-up records about grafts obtained abroad, for the recipient and for the donor.", "rel": "risk", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "declaration-of-istanbul-group", "type": "org", "name": "Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group", "as": "Keeps the international text this page quotes, and revised it in Madrid in 2018.", "rel": "org", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "istanbul-declaration-2008", "type": "event", "name": "The Declaration of Istanbul, 2008", "as": "The April 2008 summit where the definitions on this page were agreed.", "rel": "event", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Guiding Principle 5, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2010, is the rule the national statutes are written against.", "rel": "org", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The other graft here that needs a second healthy person to agree to something.", "rel": "kin", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where the only hospital-published liver transplant price read for this record is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "bloodborne-virus", "type": "risk", "name": "Bloodborne virus from treatment abroad", "as": "Acquired hepatitis B ran at 5.4% against 0% in the series this page carries.", "rel": "risk", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Loss to follow-up is named in the published review as one of the three mechanisms of harm.", "rel": "risk", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Who answers for an operation performed where the recipient cannot sue and the donor cannot be traced.", "rel": "risk", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "medical-visa", "type": "term", "name": "Medical visa", "as": "The document the hospital that published this price offers to write a letter for.", "rel": "rule", "from": "liver-transplant" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where the state licenses Ayurvedic hospitals and the resort tariff is written in euro for visitors.", "rel": "destination", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "sri-lanka", "type": "destination", "name": "Sri Lanka", "as": "Where the bed and the treatment are two prices, and the treatment is compulsory.", "rel": "destination", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "Where the same fortnight costs about five times the Kerala price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The category this is sold in, and the category it does not entirely fit.", "rel": "term", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "health-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Health tourism", "as": "The wider word under which spa and cure stays are counted.", "rel": "term", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "addiction-rehab", "type": "procedure", "name": "Residential addiction treatment", "as": "The other long-stay residential course, priced the same way and bought by a different traveller.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The short diagnostic product sold alongside it in the same brochures.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "counterfeit-medicines", "type": "risk", "name": "Substandard and falsified medicines", "as": "Herbal preparations dispensed abroad and carried home raise a separate question about what is in them.", "rel": "risk", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "length-of-stay", "type": "term", "name": "Length of stay", "as": "Here the stay is the product, not a consequence of the procedure.", "rel": "term", "from": "panchakarma" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle this test is added to, and the bill it is charged on top of.", "rel": "part", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "icsi", "type": "procedure", "name": "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection", "as": "The earlier laboratory charge on the same embryos, three days before this one.", "rel": "kin", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Frequently tested as well, and the packages that guarantee blastocysts price the two together.", "rel": "kin", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "Commonly run before a carrier transfer, and excluded from the programme price along with the IVF.", "rel": "kin", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "Rates this add-on red and publishes the reasoning this record quotes.", "rel": "measures", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The US series behind the 58.2% of 2022 transfers carrying a tested embryo.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "Why this test moves country when the permitted indications differ, rather than when the price does.", "rel": "term", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A per-embryo charge that can exceed the cycle it is added to.", "rel": "story", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Where a bundled PGT and a per-embryo PGT turn out to be different purchases.", "rel": "step", "from": "pgt" }, { "to": "gender-affirming-care-access", "type": "rule", "name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "as": "Whether the health system at home does this at all, and who it will do it for.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "vaginoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Vaginoplasty", "as": "The other genital operation: one admission against this one's four.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "top-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Top surgery", "as": "Stage one on the same Thai list, at a quarter of the price and two nights.", "rel": "kin", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "hysterectomy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Hysterectomy", "as": "Priced as an earlier stage on the same list, and a stated precondition on a Bangkok hospital's candidacy page.", "rel": "kin", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the one staged price list read for this record is published.", "rel": "destination", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The city holding that hospital and the surgeons whose flap techniques are on their pages without prices.", "rel": "hub", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where a practice publishes an estimate for this operation and declines to sell it for cash.", "rel": "destination", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Urethral fistula and stricture are the complications that arrive after the flight, and they need a surgeon.", "rel": "risk", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Four stages across years, and the record of the first three sitting in another country.", "rel": "risk", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The prosthesis is excluded from the prosthesis row, in the same way an artificial joint is excluded from a joint package.", "rel": "risk", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where a staged operation has to be added up, because no page adds it up.", "rel": "step", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Where the words Other Places, and what they cost, would be found.", "rel": "step", "from": "phalloplasty" }, { "to": "hysterectomy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Hysterectomy", "as": "The operation on the other side of the same waiting list, priced the same three ways.", "rel": "kin", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "hernia-repair", "type": "procedure", "name": "Hernia repair", "as": "The other pelvic operation a foreign hospital sells by the night.", "rel": "kin", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes both prostate packages this page reads, the ward round excluded from the larger one.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the robot is a price tier and the ward round is an exclusion.", "rel": "destination", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the schedule names nerve sparing and pays the surgeon alone.", "rel": "destination", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market whose queue makes a foreign price legible.", "rel": "destination", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route under which an Irish patient is repaid at the Irish admitted-patient price.", "rel": "rule", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which the daily ward round turns out to be billed separately.", "rel": "step", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who removes the catheter, and who measures the PSA at three months.", "rel": "risk", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The document this package charges for separately and a home urologist cannot work without.", "rel": "step", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets how long after pelvic surgery a patient can board.", "rel": "risk", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that counts the queue this operation waits in at home.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "prostatectomy" }, { "to": "gamma-knife", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gamma knife radiosurgery", "as": "The other machine people cross borders to reach, and the one that does its work in a single day.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "The same shape of scarcity in a vial rather than a building: a treatment you travel to because only certain centres may give it.", "rel": "kin", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Ran a state programme that flew its own patients abroad for eleven years before its centres opened.", "rel": "destination", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Holds more proton centres than any other country, and took the UK programme's patients.", "rel": "destination", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "japan", "type": "destination", "name": "Japan", "as": "The densest network of particle therapy centres per head, proton and carbon-ion both.", "rel": "destination", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "NHS funding for treatment abroad", "as": "The route under which the NHS paid for treatment its own hospitals could not yet give.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The carer the NHS funded a seat for, on a nine-week absence.", "rel": "step", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "The line where a payer decides this beam is worth the difference, or is not.", "rel": "rule", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "What a course of daily treatment abroad costs beyond the treatment.", "rel": "risk", "from": "proton-therapy" }, { "to": "facelift", "type": "procedure", "name": "Facelift", "as": "The other face operation sold by the same clinics, at roughly twice the price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "A destination whose surgeons are sought for a house style rather than a discount.", "rel": "destination", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Where nose surgery sits in the same package economy that built the hair clinics.", "rel": "destination", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the price is published by implant brand.", "rel": "destination", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "czechia", "type": "destination", "name": "Czechia", "as": "The European price list this record reads, in koruna.", "rel": "destination", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "revision", "type": "term", "name": "Revision", "as": "The second operation this one needs more often than any other face procedure, and which the first price never covers.", "rel": "term", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who fixes it, and at what price, once the patient has flown back.", "rel": "risk", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The splint comes off before the flight, and the clot risk of the flight itself is argued separately.", "rel": "risk", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form that hides whether the implant, the ward night and the anaesthetist are in the number.", "rel": "term", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Why four published prices for one operation are not four comparable numbers.", "rel": "story", "from": "rhinoplasty" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "What the treated tooth usually needs next, on the same list and at several times the price.", "rel": "kin", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The alternative when the tooth cannot be saved, at ten to twenty times the cost.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "full-mouth-restoration", "type": "procedure", "name": "Full mouth restoration", "as": "The larger job that counts root canals among its lines.", "rel": "whole", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the price is set by which tooth it is.", "rel": "destination", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "Where endodontics is sold by the half hour.", "rel": "destination", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where one price covers any tooth in the mouth.", "rel": "destination", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Where the front tooth is priced and the molar is not.", "rel": "destination", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market whose band 2 charge of £76.60 sits under all of these.", "rel": "destination", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step at which by-the-tooth and by-the-hour turn out not to compare.", "rel": "step", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who retreats a root filling that fails after the flight home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "root-canal" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The joint that sells as a package everywhere this one does not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation whose package pages set the shape this one is missing from.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes arthroscopic shoulder packages and no shoulder replacement price.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the self-pay price on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "lithuania", "type": "destination", "name": "Lithuania", "as": "Where the advertised floor price on this page comes from.", "rel": "destination", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Whose payer sets the schedule fee on this page, and prices the shoulder above the hip.", "rel": "destination", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The cost the Australian schedule fee leaves entirely outside itself.", "rel": "risk", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who runs the sling protocol and the six weeks of physiotherapy after the flight home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "What a schedule fee is, and what it does not buy.", "rel": "term", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step a shoulder patient cannot skip, because the package price does not exist.", "rel": "step", "from": "shoulder-replacement" }, { "to": "icsi", "type": "procedure", "name": "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection", "as": "What donor sperm is usually used for in a laboratory rather than an insemination.", "rel": "kin", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The same bargain on the other side of the dish, with a larger price and a longer queue.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that decides whether the donor can stay unnamed, and so which country the vial is bought in.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The cycle donor sperm is used in when insemination is not the treatment.", "rel": "kin", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "Sets the UK visit payment, the ten-family limit and the identity-release rule this record quotes.", "rel": "governs", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "What the traffic is called where the reason to move is a prohibition on who may be treated.", "rel": "term", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "The other third-party arrangement, and the one whose law diverges hardest across borders.", "rel": "kin", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The jurisdiction whose capped payment and identity release this record reads off the regulator's own pages.", "rel": "place", "from": "sperm-donation" }, { "to": "disc-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Artificial disc replacement", "as": "The motion-preserving alternative argued against this one, and 48,600 baht dearer at the same neck level on the same Bangkok page.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes both the cervical and the lumbar fusion packages this page reads.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where both fusion packages on this page are sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the £14,400 cervical fusion on this page is sold, with no inclusion list beside it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Whose schedule prices fusion by the motion segment, one item number per level.", "rel": "destination", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The cage, the screws and the graft — the first line on the Bangkok exclusion list.", "rel": "risk", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step that decides what a one-level fusion price actually covers.", "rel": "step", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form this operation is sold in, priced per level.", "rel": "term", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clot risk that sets the wait before the flight home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who orders the imaging that shows whether the bone knitted.", "rel": "risk", "from": "spinal-fusion" }, { "to": "unproven-stem-cell", "type": "risk", "name": "Unproven stem cell treatment", "as": "What can go wrong, who has measured it, and what the case reports record.", "rel": "risk", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "stem-cell-regulation", "type": "rule", "name": "Regulating cell and tissue therapies", "as": "Which preparations are lawful to sell where, and on whose approval.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "What a clinic may claim about a product no regulator has approved.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where one of the two published price pages sits, and where the border survey counted 76 locations in one city.", "rel": "destination", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "tijuana", "type": "hub", "name": "Tijuana", "as": "The city the one published count of these clinics was made in.", "rel": "hub", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "panama", "type": "destination", "name": "Panama", "as": "Where the other published price page sits.", "rel": "destination", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The regulator that has enjoined a clinic, and the country the marketing surveys found most of the businesses in.", "rel": "destination", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "The step where a poor prognosis meets a confident page.", "rel": "step", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "The step at which an unapproved indication is most often identified as one.", "rel": "step", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "A claim about a product no regulator approved, brought against a provider in another country.", "rel": "risk", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "counterfeit-medicines", "type": "risk", "name": "Substandard and falsified medicines", "as": "The mirror case: a product that is not what it says, against a product that is exactly what it says and has not been shown to do anything.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "The approved cell therapy, with a licensed indication, a named manufacturer and a price in the same order of magnitude times ten.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "stem-cell-unproven" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "The rule that decides whether this exists at all in a given country, for whom, and at what payment.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment that makes the embryo, priced and bought separately from the programme.", "rel": "part", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Frequently the other purchase in the same arrangement, and excluded from the programme price alongside the IVF.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "Commonly added to embryos before a carrier transfer, and charged per embryo.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The name for crossing a border to do what home law forbids.", "rel": "term", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for the same journey told from the traveller's side.", "rel": "term", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "Publishes the UK position this record quotes: expenses only, no binding agreement, and a parental order after the birth.", "rel": "governs", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the one published all-in programme price on this page is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Whose court hears it when an arrangement across two jurisdictions fails.", "rel": "risk", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "The staged payments, and what is returned when a journey ends between them.", "rel": "risk", "from": "surrogacy" }, { "to": "gender-affirming-care-access", "type": "rule", "name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "as": "Whether this is offered, funded or permitted at home — the reason the flight exists.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "vaginoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Vaginoplasty", "as": "The other end of the same price list, at four times the money and nine nights.", "rel": "kin", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "phalloplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Phalloplasty", "as": "Stage one before it on the Thai list, and a precondition on a Bangkok hospital's candidacy page.", "rel": "kin", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "The mirror operation, priced by implant on the same tables.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the table that prices this by technique, scar and body weight is published.", "rel": "destination", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where a private list publishes guide prices and a queue sends people to look at them.", "rel": "destination", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where a practice publishes the surgeon's fee and the total separately, which is what makes the other lists readable.", "rel": "destination", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "A surgeon's fee, a facility fee and a pathology charge are three different numbers and two of them are usually missing.", "rel": "step", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "What sets the earliest sensible flight after a general anaesthetic and a chest wound.", "rel": "risk", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Haematoma and graft loss declare themselves in the first fortnight, often after the flight.", "rel": "risk", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Who takes the drains out, and who looks at the scars at six weeks.", "rel": "risk", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Whether a policy covers this at home is what decides whether the cash price matters at all.", "rel": "rule", "from": "top-surgery" }, { "to": "gender-affirming-care-access", "type": "rule", "name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "as": "Whether the health system at home will do this, pay for it, or permit it — the third reason the operation travels.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "phalloplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Phalloplasty", "as": "The other genital operation, staged where this one is single, and priced by the stage.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "top-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Top surgery", "as": "Usually the first operation and usually the cheapest, on the same price lists.", "rel": "kin", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the only full published table of prices by technique is sold.", "rel": "destination", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The city holding the hospital that publishes those prices, and two long-established clinics that publish none.", "rel": "hub", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where a private list quotes guide prices roughly three times the Bangkok table, and states it cannot quote at all before a consultation.", "rel": "destination", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who repairs a fistula or a lost depth, and where the price for that is published.", "rel": "risk", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Dilation is a two-year daily instruction, and nobody abroad supervises it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which a price with a nights column and no inclusion list has to be read.", "rel": "step", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Nine nights in hospital and weeks in the city afterwards are an escort's calendar too.", "rel": "step", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Where a claim goes when the operation was performed in another jurisdiction.", "rel": "risk", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The word for crossing a border to obtain what home law or a home waiting list withholds.", "rel": "term", "from": "vaginoplasty" }, { "to": "dental-crown", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental crown", "as": "The full cover, at much the same laboratory price and with far more tooth cut away.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "full-mouth-restoration", "type": "procedure", "name": "Full mouth restoration", "as": "What a set of these becomes when the back teeth are included.", "rel": "whole", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The other half of a dental travel bill, and the one that needs months rather than days.", "rel": "kin", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the veneer price drops at the sixth tooth.", "rel": "destination", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "Where the veneer and the crown are priced within a few euro of each other.", "rel": "destination", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where the veneer is quoted against a US comparison the clinic supplies.", "rel": "destination", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "poland", "type": "destination", "name": "Poland", "as": "Where the comparison column is labelled average UK price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "budapest", "type": "hub", "name": "Budapest", "as": "The city whose clinics built the European dental trade on work like this.", "rel": "place", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "The reason no payer schedule read for this page carries a line for veneers.", "rel": "rule", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where one tooth becomes ten and the quote multiplies.", "rel": "step", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who rebonds a veneer that debonds after the flight, and at whose price.", "rel": "risk", "from": "veneers" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The city the group is named after a district of, and where its flagship stands at Altunizade.", "rel": "place", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The largest private hospital group in the country by hospital count, and the one a foreign enquiry most often lands on first.", "rel": "destination", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "A sister under the same Malaysian parent, IHH Healthcare — a patient comparing Istanbul against Kuala Lumpur may be comparing two hospitals with one owner.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor whose mark seven of its hospitals hold.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The licence every Turkish facility treating foreign patients must hold since July 2017.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Sold in graded tiers whose contents are published and whose prices are not.", "rel": "performs", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Its fertility centres report treating over 15,000 families a year.", "rel": "performs", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Where the Fiyat Sor button leads, and the step at which a price first exists.", "rel": "step", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A page headed packages and prices that carries no price.", "rel": "story", "from": "acibadem" }, { "to": "brazil", "type": "destination", "name": "Brazil", "as": "The Brazilian hospital foreign referrals reach first, in a country whose larger flow is Brazilians leaving.", "rel": "destination", "from": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The first institution outside the United States it accredited, in 1999.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Took the same mark three years later in Bangkok, and built a much larger foreign trade on it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "Among the complex programmes its international referrals come for.", "rel": "performs", "from": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Sold here as a referral product rather than a published package.", "rel": "performs", "from": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "1999, first outside the United States — the date the accreditation trade starts from.", "rel": "story", "from": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A hospital cited everywhere in this field that publishes no count of anything.", "rel": "story", "from": "albert-einstein-sao-paulo" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The hospital the emirate's private sector dates its American standards from, in Oud Metha rather than in Dubai Healthcare City.", "rel": "place", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "The first hospital in the region to take the JCI, in a country that is a source market and a destination at once.", "rel": "destination", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Its accreditor, and the first award the body made in the Middle East.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Its maternity package prices every exclusion and none of the inclusions, which is the whole lesson of that page in one document.", "rel": "step", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "The self-pay patient pays the entire package price in advance at sign-up, in the hospital's own words.", "rel": "step", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "uae-clinic-licensing", "type": "rule", "name": "Licensing a clinic in the United Arab Emirates", "as": "Operates under the emirate licensing regime whose number sits in its own footer.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form, and shows what a bundle looks like when the bundle is fixed and the bill is not.", "rel": "term", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Dubai counted 691,000 international health travellers in 2023, and this hospital counts none of its own in public.", "rel": "story", "from": "american-hospital-dubai" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country's cancer hospital with the oldest American affiliation, contracted in 2002 before the building opened.", "rel": "destination", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "An hour east of the city and outside it, at Gebze on the D-100 — the trade counts it Istanbul, the map does not.", "rel": "place", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The programme the hospital was built around, with capacity stated for 22 simultaneous stem cell transplants.", "rel": "performs", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor whose mark it has held since 2007, re-surveyed every three years to a seventh award.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The other Turkish name a foreign oncology enquiry lands on, and a group of forty-five buildings against this one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "Holds the certificate, which it lists among its quality documents.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "An American affiliation signed three years before the hospital opened is what an accreditation mark is bought to do.", "rel": "story", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "An oncology referral here starts with slides and imaging rather than with a form.", "rel": "step", "from": "anadolu-medical-center" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "The hospital the Chennai cluster grew around, and the reason the cluster is on Greams Road.", "rel": "place", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The hospital most often meant when India is called a destination for heart surgery.", "rel": "destination", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "prathap-reddy", "type": "person", "name": "Prathap C. Reddy", "as": "Its founder, who opened it in 1983 as the first corporate hospital in the country.", "rel": "person", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation the Chennai cardiac trade was built on.", "rel": "performs", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "The group runs a proton centre at Tharamani in the same city, which draws a different patient again.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "An accreditor Apollo hospitals took early for India.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "The Indian national board whose standard the group holds.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The visa class most of its foreign consultations arrive on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Publishes no price; a foreign patient here gets an emailed estimate instead.", "rel": "step", "from": "apollo-chennai" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "The largest of the three Seoul hospitals here, across the river in Songpa by the Olympic park.", "rel": "place", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The country's largest hospital, and one of the few anywhere that publishes its own foreign caseload.", "rel": "destination", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The programme its foreign referrals come for, and the one the national registry ranks it first on.", "rel": "performs", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "samsung-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Samsung Medical Center", "as": "The Gangnam hospital, five years younger and a third smaller.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "severance", "type": "facility", "name": "Severance Hospital", "as": "The oldest of the three, and the first in Korea to take JCI accreditation.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "korea-foreign-patient-registration", "type": "rule", "name": "Korea's foreign patient attraction registration", "as": "Operates under the registration every Korean facility treating foreign patients must hold.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "11,377 a day, 654,536 a year and 19,482 from abroad are three counters measuring three different things.", "rel": "story", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "in-hospital", "type": "pathway", "name": "In hospital", "as": "An outpatient department seeing eleven thousand people a day is the setting a foreign patient's international centre exists to bypass.", "rel": "step", "from": "asan-medical-center" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The hospital at the eastern end of the Bangkok cluster, off New Phetchaburi rather than Sukhumvit.", "rel": "place", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "One of the two Bangkok names a foreign patient is most likely to have been given before arriving.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "The other large Bangkok private hospital that prices operations publicly; it quotes joints, this one quotes arthroscopy and robotic abdominal work.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "knee-arthroscopy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Knee arthroscopy", "as": "Sold here at a fixed price with one ward night counted in and the implant left out.", "rel": "performs", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "gallbladder-removal", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gallbladder removal", "as": "Sold here as a robotic package at a fixed price with one ward night.", "rel": "performs", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "thai-ha-institute", "type": "org", "name": "Healthcare Accreditation Institute", "as": "The Thai national accreditor whose advanced standard the hospital states for 2026.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The international accreditor whose seal sits in its footer, undated.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form, with a usable-between window rather than an open-ended list price.", "rel": "term", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "Its arthroscopy package says so in the title; the largest line on a joint bill is not in the number.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bangkok-hospital" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "One of the operations it sells at a published fixed price, implant excluded.", "rel": "performs", "from": "bumrungrad" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The hospital the Bangkok cluster is usually named for.", "rel": "place", "from": "bumrungrad" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The single institution most often meant when Thailand is called a destination.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bumrungrad" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor whose mark it took in 2002, early for Asia.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "bumrungrad" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form, with the inclusions and exclusions written out.", "rel": "term", "from": "bumrungrad" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "Its joint packages are priced without the implant, which the page states.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bumrungrad" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "The country's largest university hospital, and the shape its inbound work takes: a public hospital with a company beside it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "heidelberg-university-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Heidelberg University Hospital", "as": "The other German university hospital here, which publishes its payment terms where this one publishes its telephone hours.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "A menu against a referral: a published fixed price and an open door, against a clinical decision taken before any figure exists.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Among the therapies a patient crosses a border for because it is unavailable at home rather than cheaper.", "rel": "performs", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "Governs how an EU patient's home system pays for planned treatment here, which is a different route from the self-funder's.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The prior-authorisation route by which a European system sends a patient here and pays the German tariff directly.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The German route starts with reports and imaging, and nothing else happens until a specialist has read them.", "rel": "step", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "Much of what reaches a European university hospital from abroad arrives as a request for a second reading.", "rel": "step", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A hospital that publishes nothing is a different problem from one that publishes a figure with from in front of it.", "rel": "story", "from": "charite-international" }, { "to": "san-jose-cr", "type": "hub", "name": "San José, Costa Rica", "as": "The older of the two private hospitals the San José cluster is built around, and the one in the city centre rather than the western suburbs.", "rel": "place", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "costa-rica", "type": "destination", "name": "Costa Rica", "as": "The country's largest private hospital, and the institution most often meant when Costa Rica is named as a destination.", "rel": "destination", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "hospital-cima-san-jose", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital CIMA San José", "as": "The other San José hospital in this directory: American-built, in Escazú, opened seventy-one years later.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "promed", "type": "org", "name": "PROMED", "as": "The national certification council a Costa Rican provider joins to sell to foreign patients.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Its accreditor, shown as the gold seal on its own front page without a date.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "Among the operations the Costa Rican route is bought for, and one of the shortest chains from enquiry to flight.", "rel": "performs", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The other short chain, and the one that brings back the same patient in stages.", "rel": "performs", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The Presupuestos form is where the price starts existing, and the only place it does.", "rel": "step", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Five listings above the fold and no bed count below it.", "rel": "story", "from": "clinica-biblica" }, { "to": "medellin", "type": "hub", "name": "Medellín", "as": "The high-complexity clinic at the centre of the city's formal medical traffic, distinct from its cosmetic trade.", "rel": "place", "from": "clinica-las-americas" }, { "to": "colombia", "type": "destination", "name": "Colombia", "as": "The Medellín route into Colombian private medicine, run through an international office that starts with the visa.", "rel": "destination", "from": "clinica-las-americas" }, { "to": "fundacion-santa-fe", "type": "facility", "name": "Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá", "as": "Bogotá's foundation hospital: no shareholders and an academic accreditation, against a commercial clinic in a regional group.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "clinica-las-americas" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "Publishes a step-by-step page on Colombia's medical visa, which is the step its office exists for.", "rel": "step", "from": "clinica-las-americas" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Heads its own service list, ahead of any operation.", "rel": "performs", "from": "clinica-las-americas" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "An in-house international office is the alternative to a broker, and it is the clinic's own staff.", "rel": "step", "from": "clinica-las-americas" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "Medellín's cosmetic trade runs beside this clinic and not through it, which is the distinction a reader of a city page needs.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "clinica-las-americas" }, { "to": "delhi-ncr", "type": "hub", "name": "Delhi NCR", "as": "One of the two hospitals the Gurugram end of the Delhi cluster is usually named for.", "rel": "place", "from": "fortis-gurgaon" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The northern half of India's inbound trade, against Chennai's southern half.", "rel": "destination", "from": "fortis-gurgaon" }, { "to": "medanta", "type": "facility", "name": "Medanta — The Medicity, Gurugram", "as": "Its neighbour and direct competitor, eight kilometres away in Sector 38, which does publish prices.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fortis-gurgaon" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "One of the referral programmes the group runs here.", "rel": "performs", "from": "fortis-gurgaon" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The visa class that brings most of this corridor's foreign patients.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "fortis-gurgaon" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "The Indian national board; this record holds no dated grant for this hospital.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "fortis-gurgaon" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "Much of the Delhi NCR inbound trade reaches hospitals like this one through brokers rather than directly.", "rel": "step", "from": "fortis-gurgaon" }, { "to": "bogota", "type": "hub", "name": "Bogotá", "as": "The academic hospital the Bogotá cluster is anchored on, in the north of the city on Calle 119.", "rel": "place", "from": "fundacion-santa-fe" }, { "to": "colombia", "type": "destination", "name": "Colombia", "as": "The country's first JCI-accredited organisation, and the one that sells complexity rather than a price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "fundacion-santa-fe" }, { "to": "clinica-las-americas", "type": "facility", "name": "Clínica Las Américas", "as": "Medellín's answer: a commercial group with an international office against a foundation with no shareholders.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fundacion-santa-fe" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Its accreditor since 2010, in the academic medical centre category, renewed five times.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "fundacion-santa-fe" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "Among the programmes carrying a separate JCI clinical care centre certification.", "rel": "performs", "from": "fundacion-santa-fe" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "One hospital-wide accreditation and twenty-one programme certifications, all voluntary and all paid for by the applicant.", "rel": "story", "from": "fundacion-santa-fe" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "With no price published, the estimate after the records are read is the only figure.", "rel": "step", "from": "fundacion-santa-fe" }, { "to": "kuala-lumpur", "type": "hub", "name": "Kuala Lumpur", "as": "One of the two hospitals the Kuala Lumpur cluster is usually named for.", "rel": "place", "from": "gleneagles-kl" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "A hospital whose pricing exists in the gap between Singapore's and Thailand's.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gleneagles-kl" }, { "to": "mount-elizabeth", "type": "facility", "name": "Mount Elizabeth Hospital", "as": "Same ultimate owner, an hour's flight away, at a different number for the same operation.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gleneagles-kl" }, { "to": "prince-court", "type": "facility", "name": "Prince Court Medical Centre", "as": "Its Kuala Lumpur competitor, also IHH-owned, which does publish package prices.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gleneagles-kl" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The government agency that lists and promotes Malaysia's inbound hospitals.", "rel": "org", "from": "gleneagles-kl" }, { "to": "malaysia-mhtc-licence", "type": "rule", "name": "Malaysia's healthcare travel registration", "as": "The national arrangement under which Malaysian hospitals take foreign patients.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "gleneagles-kl" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The international accreditor whose mark it holds alongside the Malaysian national one.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "gleneagles-kl" }, { "to": "israel", "type": "destination", "name": "Israel", "as": "Jerusalem's teaching hospital, owned by an American organisation and governed by Israel's 2018 medical tourism law.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hadassah" }, { "to": "sheba", "type": "facility", "name": "Sheba Medical Center", "as": "The larger Israeli hospital, government-founded by an army, against a hospital founded and part-funded by a women's organisation abroad.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hadassah" }, { "to": "tel-aviv", "type": "hub", "name": "Tel Aviv", "as": "The cluster an hour west; Jerusalem has no hub record of its own in this directory.", "rel": "place", "from": "hadassah" }, { "to": "gamma-knife", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gamma knife radiosurgery", "as": "Among the neurosurgical work its foreign referrals come for.", "rel": "performs", "from": "hadassah" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "Among the programmes that draw regional and diaspora referrals.", "rel": "performs", "from": "hadassah" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Fourth in a small country and 242nd in the world, from one ranking in one year.", "rel": "story", "from": "hadassah" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "A hospital reached through a diaspora organisation's networks is often reached for a second reading first.", "rel": "step", "from": "hadassah" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "The German university hospital that publishes its payment terms, which is as close as this country gets to a tariff for a foreign self-payer.", "rel": "destination", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "charite-international", "type": "facility", "name": "Charité International Patients", "as": "Berlin's arrangement: a company beside the hospital, publishing its telephone hours where this one publishes its refund rule.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "The whole estimated sum before the appointment is confirmed, refunded to source if the final bill is lower.", "rel": "step", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "No estimate exists until its specialists have read the records, and the hospital says the estimate may move.", "rel": "step", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "Publishes the refund rule as well as the deposit rule, which is the half most deposit pages leave out.", "rel": "risk", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "Its heavy ion facility is what its name travels on, and the 600-tonne gantry is the reason.", "rel": "performs", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The exclusion here is open-ended: a complication is charged beyond the estimate, and the page says so.", "rel": "step", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "A package caps the patient's exposure at the advertised figure; a pre-payment against an estimate does not.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "A Bangkok package and a Heidelberg estimate are two different contracts, and comparing their numbers compares nothing.", "rel": "story", "from": "heidelberg-university-hospital" }, { "to": "tijuana", "type": "hub", "name": "Tijuana", "as": "The largest private hospital in the city, twenty minutes from the San Ysidro crossing.", "rel": "place", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The border-town end of Mexican private medicine, where the patient walks across rather than flies in.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "The operation the Tijuana market is built on, and the one the CDC's outbreak investigation followed.", "rel": "performs", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The other Mexican border cluster: dentistry in a village of surgeries against surgery in a city hospital.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "American bariatric patients operated on in this city carried extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas home, which the CDC investigated and published.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "A border crossing between the operating surgeon and every subsequent appointment.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The revision happens on the American side, at American prices, with no record from the Mexican side.", "rel": "risk", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "The most-written-about border medical market in the world, and its largest hospital publishes no number about itself.", "rel": "story", "from": "hospital-angeles-tijuana" }, { "to": "san-jose-cr", "type": "hub", "name": "San José, Costa Rica", "as": "The Escazú half of the San José cluster — motorway, medical towers, hotels, and the hospital in the middle of them.", "rel": "place", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "costa-rica", "type": "destination", "name": "Costa Rica", "as": "An American-built hospital on Costa Rican soil, which is what the country's route to North American patients largely is.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "clinica-biblica", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital Clínica Bíblica", "as": "The older San José hospital, a 1929 mission clinic in the city centre against this 2000 development in the suburbs.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "promed", "type": "org", "name": "PROMED", "as": "The national council a Costa Rican provider joins to sell abroad.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Its accreditor, undated in the sources read here.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "Among the operations the Escazú cluster sells, with the recovery stay in a hotel rather than a ward.", "rel": "performs", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "A hundred-bed hospital discharges early, and the recovery hotel is where the escort's week actually goes.", "rel": "step", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Four hours from Miami, close enough that the follow-up is a flight and not a relocation.", "rel": "step", "from": "hospital-cima-san-jose" }, { "to": "penang", "type": "hub", "name": "Penang", "as": "The hospital the Penang cluster is usually named for, on Jalan Macalister in George Town.", "rel": "place", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The clearest case in Malaysia of regional rather than intercontinental cross-border care.", "rel": "destination", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Sold here off an online store, priced, itemised and dated.", "rel": "performs", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The government agency that named it a flagship hospital in 2025.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "malaysia-mhtc-licence", "type": "rule", "name": "Malaysia's healthcare travel registration", "as": "The national arrangement under which it takes foreign patients.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "The Kuala Lumpur competitor under the same owner since 2024, which publishes no price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form, down to a redemption deadline printed on each product page.", "rel": "term", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Its screening package excludes everything the screening finds, in one sentence.", "rel": "step", "from": "island-hospital-penang" }, { "to": "amman", "type": "hub", "name": "Amman", "as": "The institution the Amman cluster is built around, on Queen Rania Street.", "rel": "place", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "jordan", "type": "destination", "name": "Jordan", "as": "The reason the country is a destination and not only a source market.", "rel": "destination", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "Among the programmes that bring children across borders to Amman.", "rel": "performs", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Its accreditor, in the disease-specific category rather than the hospital-wide one.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "sheba", "type": "facility", "name": "Sheba Medical Center", "as": "The other regional cancer centre in this batch, an hour's drive and a closed border away.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "A caseload that is Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi and Yemeni before it is anything else, and a literature of displacement rather than of price.", "rel": "story", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "7,000 new patients, 14,000 admissions and 250,000 outpatient visits are three different numbers about the same year.", "rel": "story", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "A course of cancer treatment measured in months moves a family, not an escort.", "rel": "step", "from": "king-hussein-cancer-center" }, { "to": "mumbai", "type": "hub", "name": "Mumbai", "as": "The hospital the Andheri end of the Mumbai cluster is named for.", "rel": "place", "from": "kokilaben" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "A Mumbai hospital built to hold referrals inside the country as much as to attract them from outside.", "rel": "destination", "from": "kokilaben" }, { "to": "gamma-knife", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gamma knife radiosurgery", "as": "Its radiosurgery programme is the kind of work its equipment list is built around.", "rel": "performs", "from": "kokilaben" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "One of four bodies whose marks it carries on its own front page.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "kokilaben" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "The Indian national board, inspecting against a domestic standard rather than an international one.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "kokilaben" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Four accreditations at once, four fees, four scopes, and no ranking among them.", "rel": "story", "from": "kokilaben" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "The southern competitor for the same Gulf and East African referrals.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "kokilaben" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Its flagship stands at Ulus in Beşiktaş, above the Bosphorus.", "rel": "place", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The Turkish group that prints its screening prices where the others print a contact form.", "rel": "destination", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Sold here in fifteen graded packages with published starting prices, which is rare enough in this directory to be the reason the record exists.", "rel": "performs", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The larger Turkish group, whose page headed packages and prices carries none.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form, and states what each package contains by test count rather than by name.", "rel": "term", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Named on its site as its accreditor, without a year or a campus.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "Holds the certificate, and a separate tourism ministry authorisation alongside it.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "A published starting price is where a quotation begins, not where it ends.", "rel": "step", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Fifteen prices, every one of them prefixed with the word from.", "rel": "story", "from": "liv-hospital" }, { "to": "delhi-ncr", "type": "hub", "name": "Delhi NCR", "as": "The South Delhi end of the cluster, against the two Gurugram campuses on the airport road.", "rel": "place", "from": "max-saket" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "A northern Indian tertiary hospital whose foreign trade is not separately reported.", "rel": "destination", "from": "max-saket" }, { "to": "medanta", "type": "facility", "name": "Medanta — The Medicity, Gurugram", "as": "The Gurugram competitor that publishes its check-up prices and its implant ceilings; this one publishes neither.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "max-saket" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "One of the operations the Delhi corridor sells to foreign patients, quoted rather than listed.", "rel": "performs", "from": "max-saket" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The visa class most of this corridor's foreign patients arrive on.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "max-saket" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Publishes no price; the quote is an email against a named surgeon and a named stay.", "rel": "step", "from": "max-saket" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "No accreditation is recorded here, which is a gap in this project's reading rather than a finding about the hospital.", "rel": "story", "from": "max-saket" }, { "to": "delhi-ncr", "type": "hub", "name": "Delhi NCR", "as": "One of the two Gurugram campuses the Delhi cluster is named for, eight kilometres from the other.", "rel": "place", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "An Indian hospital that publishes what the implant costs as well as what the check-up costs.", "rel": "destination", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "fortis-gurgaon", "type": "facility", "name": "Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram", "as": "Its neighbour and competitor in the same city, which publishes neither.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "One of the campus's named referral programmes.", "rel": "performs", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Sold here off a public list at a stated rupee price.", "rel": "performs", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The counter-example: here the implant price is published against a regulator's ceiling instead of left out of the quote.", "rel": "risk", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells check-ups in this form; operations are still quoted case by case.", "rel": "term", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "The comparison a joint patient actually faces: a Thai package without the implant against an Indian bill with the implant priced.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medanta" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Its flagship stands at Beylikdüzü, on the western edge of the city rather than in it.", "rel": "place", "from": "medicana" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "One of the four private groups a foreign enquiry to Türkiye is routed through.", "rel": "destination", "from": "medicana" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The one certificate its flagship page displays.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "medicana" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "Named among the group's specialties, without a hospital or a volume against it.", "rel": "performs", "from": "medicana" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The larger group, and the one whose ownership runs back to Malaysia.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medicana" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "5.5 million a year, across eighteen hospitals in three countries, domestic and foreign together, counting attendances.", "rel": "story", "from": "medicana" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "With nothing published, the quotation is the only price that exists here.", "rel": "step", "from": "medicana" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Stands in Şişli, on the European side, and is the hospital the group's firsts are dated from.", "rel": "place", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The first Turkish hospital to hold JCI accreditation, which is the date Turkish private medicine abroad is usually counted from.", "rel": "destination", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor whose mark it took first in the country and 21st in the world.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Its fertility, andrology and genetics centre is the unit foreign patients reach it through most.", "rel": "performs", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "Licensed for it in March 2004, the first private Turkish hospital to be.", "rel": "performs", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "Turkish law bars third-party reproduction, so a fertility centre here sells its own citizens a narrower menu than its foreign patients may expect.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The larger Turkish group, and the other name a foreign enquiry lands on.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "Operates under the regime every Turkish facility treating foreign patients has needed since July 2017.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "167 countries is the group's headline figure, and it counts countries because nobody publishes patients.", "rel": "story", "from": "memorial-sisli" }, { "to": "singapore-city", "type": "hub", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The Orchard Road hospital the Singapore cluster is usually named for.", "rel": "place", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The expensive end of Asian private medicine, bought for the regulator as much as for the surgeon.", "rel": "destination", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "A sister under the same parent, IHH Healthcare, two hundred miles up the peninsula and priced differently.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The third hospital under the same Malaysian parent, in Istanbul — a price comparison that stays inside one company.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "raffles-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Raffles Hospital", "as": "The other Singapore hospital here, which publishes its screening prices where this one publishes none.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The first private hospital in Singapore to do open-heart surgery, and still known for the cardiac work.", "rel": "performs", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Named as its accreditor, undated in the source read here.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The surgeon has rooms in the medical centre and bills separately from the hospital, which is two quotations and not one.", "rel": "step", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "About 30 per cent of one named hospital's patients from abroad is worth more than any national arrivals total.", "rel": "story", "from": "mount-elizabeth" }, { "to": "bengaluru", "type": "hub", "name": "Bengaluru", "as": "The city its first hospital was built outside, at Bommasandra on the Hosur road.", "rel": "place", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The group whose volume argument is what people mean when they say Indian heart surgery is cheap.", "rel": "destination", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "devi-shetty", "type": "person", "name": "Devi Prasad Shetty", "as": "Its founder and the author of the volume argument.", "rel": "person", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation the group is known for, and the one the 2013 figure describes.", "rel": "performs", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The 95,000-rupee figure against the Cleveland Clinic's 106,385 dollars is the comparison that essay exists to take apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A group figure from 2013, reprinted as a current price ever since.", "rel": "story", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "The older Indian corporate hospital company, built on referral prestige rather than on volume.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor whose mark two of its twenty-five hospitals hold.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "narayana-health" }, { "to": "kuala-lumpur", "type": "hub", "name": "Kuala Lumpur", "as": "The city-centre hospital of the Kuala Lumpur cluster, all single rooms.", "rel": "place", "from": "prince-court" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "A Malaysian hospital that publishes cosmetic surgery prices with the implant brand named.", "rel": "destination", "from": "prince-court" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "Its neighbour and competitor under the same ultimate owner, which publishes no price.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "prince-court" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "Sold here at a fixed price with two named implant brands and a top-up between them.", "rel": "performs", "from": "prince-court" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form: a price, four inclusions, three exclusions and no expiry date.", "rel": "term", "from": "prince-court" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Its cosmetic package excludes complications, which is the line that decides what happens if the operation does not go as planned.", "rel": "step", "from": "prince-court" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The Malaysian government agency that lists and promotes hospitals taking foreign patients.", "rel": "org", "from": "prince-court" }, { "to": "singapore-city", "type": "hub", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The private hospital at the Bugis end of the city, on the Blanco Court site.", "rel": "place", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The country's clinic company that built a hospital, against the country's hospital companies that acquired clinics.", "rel": "destination", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "mount-elizabeth", "type": "facility", "name": "Mount Elizabeth Hospital", "as": "The other Singapore hospital in this directory: Orchard Road, IHH-owned, and priced nowhere in public.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Sold across a counter at a published price, which almost nothing else in this directory is.", "rel": "performs", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form, with the exclusions written as eligibility rules rather than as extras.", "rel": "term", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Not for women under forty, not for women with a pre-existing condition — a screening price is a price for the well.", "rel": "step", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Named as its accreditor, undated on the pages read here.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "A published screening price is real, and it is also the cheapest thing the hospital does.", "rel": "story", "from": "raffles-hospital" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "The Sukhumvit end of the Bangkok cluster, four soi east of Bumrungrad.", "rel": "place", "from": "samitivej" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "A Bangkok hospital whose foreign trade is largely residents of Bangkok rather than arrivals.", "rel": "destination", "from": "samitivej" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "The nearer comparison on price transparency: both publish, one leads with operations and this one with annual check-ups.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "samitivej" }, { "to": "bangkok-hospital", "type": "facility", "name": "Bangkok Hospital", "as": "Same parent company, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, different campus and different price list.", "rel": "kin", "from": "samitivej" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "Priced here in fifteen versions, split by sex and by decade of life.", "rel": "performs", "from": "samitivej" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditor it names, without a year.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "samitivej" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Its spinal package prints two nights and nine exclusions, screws among them.", "rel": "step", "from": "samitivej" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "The Gangnam hospital of the three the Seoul cluster is built on.", "rel": "place", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "A corporate foundation's hospital in a system where every foreign patient is registered with the ministry.", "rel": "destination", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "asan-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Asan Medical Center", "as": "The larger Seoul hospital, five years older and across the river in Songpa.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "severance", "type": "facility", "name": "Severance Hospital", "as": "The oldest of the three, founded 1885, against this one opened in 1994.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "korea-foreign-patient-registration", "type": "rule", "name": "Korea's foreign patient attraction registration", "as": "Operates under the registration a Korean facility must hold to treat a foreign patient at all.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "Among the oncology programmes its foreign referrals come for.", "rel": "performs", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The 2015 MERS outbreak centred here is the reminder that a hospital is also a place infections happen.", "rel": "risk", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "1.17 million foreign patients in Korea for 2024 counts registered episodes at every provider, from this hospital to a skin clinic.", "rel": "story", "from": "samsung-medical-center" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "The oldest of the three Seoul hospitals here, at Sinchon in the north-west of the city.", "rel": "place", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The first Korean hospital to take JCI accreditation, in 2007, which dates the country's selling abroad.", "rel": "destination", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "asan-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Asan Medical Center", "as": "The largest Korean hospital, opened a century after this one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "samsung-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Samsung Medical Center", "as": "The newest of the three, and the one that leads with its record systems.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Its accreditor since 2007, the first award the body made in Korea.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "korea-foreign-patient-registration", "type": "rule", "name": "Korea's foreign patient attraction registration", "as": "Operates under the registration every Korean facility treating foreign patients must hold.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "prostatectomy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Prostatectomy", "as": "Among the robotic work its unit volumes are reported for, the first programme in the world past twenty thousand operations.", "rel": "performs", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Its international centre states it can give an estimated cost before medical consent, which is where the price starts existing.", "rel": "step", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "2.5 million outpatients and 840,000 inpatients, both counting attendances at one hospital in one system of five.", "rel": "story", "from": "severance" }, { "to": "tel-aviv", "type": "hub", "name": "Tel Aviv", "as": "The hospital the Tel Aviv cluster is built on, though its campus is in Ramat Gan rather than the city.", "rel": "place", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "israel", "type": "destination", "name": "Israel", "as": "The country's largest hospital, and the one the 2018 medical tourism law was written around.", "rel": "destination", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "car-t", "type": "procedure", "name": "CAR T-cell therapy", "as": "Among the cell therapies its international department leads with — a treatment travelled for because it is unavailable at home, not because it is cheap.", "rel": "performs", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "hadassah", "type": "facility", "name": "Hadassah Medical Center", "as": "Jerusalem's teaching hospital, funded by an American women's organisation, against a government hospital founded by an army.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "king-hussein-cancer-center", "type": "facility", "name": "King Hussein Cancer Center", "as": "The other regional cancer centre in this batch, an hour's drive and a closed border away.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "A patient who travels for a therapy unavailable at home is answering a different question from one travelling for a price.", "rel": "step", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A million a year, and the word in the source is visits.", "rel": "story", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "unproven-stem-cell", "type": "risk", "name": "Unproven stem cell treatment", "as": "A regulated cell-therapy programme in a public hospital is the thing an unproven clinic imitates the vocabulary of.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "sheba" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "Sits in Cheongdam, in the Gangnam blocks the city's clinic trade is named for, and does none of the work that trade is known for.", "rel": "place", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "Among the earliest Korean hospitals to build a foreign-patient practice, by training foreign surgeons before the state built a register.", "rel": "destination", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "spinal-fusion", "type": "procedure", "name": "Spinal fusion", "as": "One of the two operations this hospital exists to do, listed on the state's own page for it.", "rel": "performs", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "disc-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Artificial disc replacement", "as": "The motion-preserving alternative to fusion; the Gulf centre staffed from this hospital lists it, and the Seoul pages read for this record do not.", "rel": "performs", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "korea-foreign-patient-registration", "type": "rule", "name": "Korea's foreign patient attraction registration", "as": "Operates under the registration every Korean facility treating foreign patients must hold — a regime whose counts start in 2009, three years after this hospital opened its foreign-patient centre.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "severance", "type": "facility", "name": "Severance Hospital", "as": "The other early Korean entrant, a 2,437-bed university hospital where this one is a single specialty.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "khidi", "type": "org", "name": "Korea Health Industry Development Institute", "as": "The state body whose listing supplies every number on this record.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "An estimate on request and no published figure, which is the Korean pattern rather than this hospital's choice.", "rel": "step", "from": "wooridul" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The risk record for the hole this step falls into.", "rel": "risk", "from": "aftercare-at-home" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "What happens when the operation has to be done again, by someone else.", "rel": "risk", "from": "aftercare-at-home" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The only document the home clinician has to work from.", "rel": "step", "from": "aftercare-at-home" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "The step before, and the one that sets how much healing happened in transit.", "rel": "step", "from": "aftercare-at-home" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "Where this step goes when the wound fails.", "rel": "step", "from": "aftercare-at-home" }, { "to": "the-follow-up-nobody-books", "type": "story", "name": "The follow-up nobody books", "as": "The longer piece on this gap.", "rel": "story", "from": "aftercare-at-home" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The commonest reason a returning patient presents at home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "aftercare-at-home" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "The risk this step runs on, with the published measurement of it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "arrival-and-consent" }, { "to": "informed-consent", "type": "term", "name": "Informed consent", "as": "The doctrine, and what it assumes about a shared language.", "rel": "term", "from": "arrival-and-consent" }, { "to": "in-hospital", "type": "pathway", "name": "In hospital", "as": "What the signature starts.", "rel": "step", "from": "arrival-and-consent" }, { "to": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened", "type": "risk", "name": "Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival", "as": "The assessment this compressed day is supposed to contain.", "rel": "risk", "from": "arrival-and-consent" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Decided, often, by wording inside the form signed here.", "rel": "risk", "from": "arrival-and-consent" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "What a provider in an EU state of treatment must disclose.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "arrival-and-consent" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "The leg this step buys blind.", "rel": "step", "from": "booking-the-flight" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clinical risk the booked return date runs into.", "rel": "risk", "from": "booking-the-flight" }, { "to": "dvt-pe", "type": "risk", "name": "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism", "as": "The specific hazard the flying intervals exist to reduce.", "rel": "risk", "from": "booking-the-flight" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The permission whose dates the tickets have to sit inside.", "rel": "step", "from": "booking-the-flight" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The second ticket, bought at the same time and rarely in the quoted price.", "rel": "step", "from": "booking-the-flight" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The document this party usually issues.", "rel": "step", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "Where the money often lands first — in the intermediary's account, not the hospital's.", "rel": "step", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The word, and the argument about what the job is.", "rel": "term", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What the intermediary's contract wording decides in advance.", "rel": "risk", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "medical-tourism-association", "type": "org", "name": "Medical Tourism Association", "as": "A trade body whose logo appears where a licence does not exist.", "rel": "org", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "What an accreditation mark on a broker's page does and does not say.", "rel": "story", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The paper the facilitator's promises have to survive.", "rel": "step", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "defiant", "type": "org", "name": "Defiant", "as": "A named facilitator, listed here because its fee basis and its posted prices are the two things this step says are worth reading; this directory and it share an owner.", "rel": "org", "from": "choosing-a-facilitator" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "The risk record this step is the procedure for.", "rel": "risk", "from": "complaint-and-claim" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The one instrument that names complaints, redress and liability insurance across borders.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "complaint-and-claim" }, { "to": "eu-national-contact-points", "type": "org", "name": "EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare", "as": "The bodies Article 6 obliges each Member State to run.", "rel": "org", "from": "complaint-and-claim" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "The clinical event that precedes this step.", "rel": "step", "from": "complaint-and-claim" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The party whose contract wording often decides where this step can be brought.", "rel": "step", "from": "complaint-and-claim" }, { "to": "arrival-and-consent", "type": "pathway", "name": "Arrival and consent", "as": "Where the forum and the governing law were probably fixed, in a form signed on arrival.", "rel": "step", "from": "complaint-and-claim" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Why some patients cannot complain at home without disclosing what they travelled for.", "rel": "story", "from": "complaint-and-claim" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "The next step for a diagnosis that has only been made once.", "rel": "step", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Where the price being weighed here turns into a document with exclusions.", "rel": "step", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The party who wrote most of what gets read at this stage, and who is paid when the answer is yes.", "rel": "step", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The published series behind the queue at home that is half of this decision.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The comparison this step is built on, taken apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why the headline number of people who travel is not a count of people.", "rel": "story", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The cost that is rarely in the comparison being made here.", "rel": "risk", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The name this site uses for what is being decided.", "rel": "term", "from": "deciding-whether" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The half of the quote that decides what the bill becomes.", "rel": "step", "from": "getting-a-quote" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "Who usually issues the quote, and who is paid on it.", "rel": "step", "from": "getting-a-quote" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "The step that turns the number into money already sent.", "rel": "step", "from": "getting-a-quote" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this step almost always takes.", "rel": "term", "from": "getting-a-quote" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The single line most often outside the quoted number.", "rel": "risk", "from": "getting-a-quote" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "What happens between a quoted package and a discharge bill.", "rel": "story", "from": "getting-a-quote" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The one instrument that obliges a provider to invoice and price clearly, and only inside the EU.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "getting-a-quote" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "The step these records are usually collected for.", "rel": "step", "from": "getting-your-records" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The same request made in the other direction, at the far end.", "rel": "step", "from": "getting-your-records" }, { "to": "patient-data-transfer", "type": "rule", "name": "Moving a medical record across a border", "as": "The rule that governs moving a file across a border.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "getting-your-records" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "Names the record right on both sides of an EU cross-border episode.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "getting-your-records" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "What a record that never arrives becomes at home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "getting-your-records" }, { "to": "informed-consent", "type": "term", "name": "Informed consent", "as": "What the receiving surgeon is consenting the patient to without the file.", "rel": "term", "from": "getting-your-records" }, { "to": "arrival-and-consent", "type": "pathway", "name": "Arrival and consent", "as": "The signature that opened this step.", "rel": "step", "from": "in-hospital" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The only document most of this step leaves behind.", "rel": "step", "from": "in-hospital" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The commonest thing that goes wrong here, and the hardest to attribute afterwards.", "rel": "risk", "from": "in-hospital" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "What the ward may hand over along with the operation.", "rel": "risk", "from": "in-hospital" }, { "to": "blood-supply-safety", "type": "risk", "name": "Blood supply safety", "as": "Where the transfusion excluded from the package comes from.", "rel": "risk", "from": "in-hospital" }, { "to": "length-of-stay", "type": "term", "name": "Length of stay", "as": "The number the package fixed and the bill counts.", "rel": "term", "from": "in-hospital" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the package whose ward nights and exclusions this step reads.", "rel": "place", "from": "in-hospital" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The number these lists qualify.", "rel": "step", "from": "reading-the-exclusions" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The commonest exclusion on an orthopaedic or dental package.", "rel": "risk", "from": "reading-the-exclusions" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "The rule side of the policy half of this step.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "reading-the-exclusions" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "The bill an excluded policy leaves with the family.", "rel": "risk", "from": "reading-the-exclusions" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form of price whose exclusions this step reads.", "rel": "term", "from": "reading-the-exclusions" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "The next step, usually taken before these two documents have been read together.", "rel": "step", "from": "reading-the-exclusions" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes an exclusion list this step quotes.", "rel": "place", "from": "reading-the-exclusions" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "The step this one tests.", "rel": "step", "from": "second-opinion" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The material without which a second opinion is an opinion on a summary.", "rel": "step", "from": "second-opinion" }, { "to": "informed-consent", "type": "term", "name": "Informed consent", "as": "What a diagnosis reviewed once cannot fully support.", "rel": "term", "from": "second-opinion" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "What a hospital's remote opinion usually arrives as.", "rel": "step", "from": "second-opinion" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "The same problem one step earlier: an opinion given in a language the patient does not read.", "rel": "risk", "from": "second-opinion" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "The risk record for what this person carries.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-companion" }, { "to": "alone-after-discharge", "type": "risk", "name": "Discharged alone", "as": "What the same step looks like when nobody comes.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-companion" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "Where the companion becomes a legal category, and a quota.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-companion" }, { "to": "arrival-and-consent", "type": "pathway", "name": "Arrival and consent", "as": "The conversation the companion is the second listener in.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-companion" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Where the nursing the companion started gets handed to nobody in particular.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-companion" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The number this payment attaches to.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-deposit" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "Often the party that actually receives the money.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-deposit" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "The risk this step creates, and who carries it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-deposit" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The next step, and one that can fail after the money has gone.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-deposit" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "What almost every payment in this journey is.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-deposit" }, { "to": "in-hospital", "type": "pathway", "name": "In hospital", "as": "The stay this document is the record of.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-discharge-summary" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Where this document becomes the whole of the clinical history.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-discharge-summary" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The same request, made in the other direction before departure.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-discharge-summary" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "What a thin summary turns into at the first appointment at home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-discharge-summary" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Why the implant's make and serial number matter years later.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-discharge-summary" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The instrument that entitles an EU patient to at least a copy.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "the-discharge-summary" }, { "to": "cross-border-prescriptions", "type": "rule", "name": "A prescription that crosses a border", "as": "What the take-home drug list has to survive at a pharmacy in another country.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "the-discharge-summary" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The risk record for this leg, with the guidance in full.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-flight-home" }, { "to": "dvt-pe", "type": "risk", "name": "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism", "as": "The clot that the intervals exist to avoid, and the commonest fatal event on this leg.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-flight-home" }, { "to": "booking-the-flight", "type": "pathway", "name": "Booking the flight", "as": "Where this date was chosen, weeks before the body existed to fly it.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-flight-home" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "What this step becomes when a scheduled seat is no longer possible.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-flight-home" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The document that should carry the surgeon's fitness-to-fly interval, and often does not.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-flight-home" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "What lands on the other side.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-flight-home" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The rule this step reads in full.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "the-visa" }, { "to": "thai-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "Thailand's medical treatment visa", "as": "The same instrument in another jurisdiction.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "the-visa" }, { "to": "schengen-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "The Schengen visa, for treatment", "as": "The European version, and the one with no dedicated treatment class.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "the-visa" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Who the attendant visa is for, and how many of them a state will admit.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-visa" }, { "to": "booking-the-flight", "type": "pathway", "name": "Booking the flight", "as": "The next step, and the one whose dates the visa constrains.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-visa" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Why the stated purpose of a trip is sometimes the sensitive part.", "rel": "story", "from": "the-visa" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a patient admitted as a visitor is a patient nobody counted.", "rel": "story", "from": "the-visa" }, { "to": "complaint-and-claim", "type": "pathway", "name": "Complaint and claim", "as": "What this step becomes once the clinical emergency is over.", "rel": "step", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "The bill when a scheduled seat is no longer an option.", "rel": "risk", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Whether anything can be recovered, and where.", "rel": "risk", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The commonest failure, and the one that presents after the flight.", "rel": "risk", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023", "type": "event", "name": "The Matamoros fungal meningitis outbreak, 2023", "as": "An outbreak that made a scatter of cases countable.", "rel": "event", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak", "type": "event", "name": "The Dominican mycobacterial outbreaks, 2013–14 and 2017", "as": "The same, in another destination and another organism.", "rel": "event", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step this one interrupts.", "rel": "step", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Why the denominator under all of this is missing.", "rel": "story", "from": "when-it-goes-wrong" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The step this risk is the absence of.", "rel": "step", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "The same person, costed: what it takes to have anyone there at all.", "rel": "kin", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "day-case", "type": "term", "name": "Day case", "as": "The category built on somebody being at the other end by evening.", "rel": "term", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The document that leaves with the patient, and the only thing a hotel room contains that a clinician could read.", "rel": "step", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step that begins after a flight, where a household would have begun the same evening.", "rel": "step", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "The next thing asked of a body nobody is watching.", "rel": "step", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "dvt-pe", "type": "risk", "name": "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism", "as": "The complication that presents while sitting still in a room, and the one an absent observer does not see.", "rel": "kin", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The wait that puts the patient in the hotel in the first place.", "rel": "kin", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The same absence, further along: nobody responsible, at a greater distance.", "rel": "kin", "from": "alone-after-discharge" }, { "to": "asa-grade", "type": "term", "name": "ASA grade", "as": "The word for the score this whole exposure turns on.", "rel": "term", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation whose package bar this record was read off.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the eligibility list that names ASA III and above.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "arrival-and-consent", "type": "pathway", "name": "Arrival and consent", "as": "The step the anaesthetic review sits in, on the same day as the signature.", "rel": "step", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The step that decides what the assessing team has to grade from.", "rel": "step", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The eligibility bar is on the same page as the exclusion list, and is read the same way.", "rel": "step", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The other half of what a fixed price leaves out: one removes items, this removes patients.", "rel": "kin", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form that needs a predictable case, and says so in its eligibility list.", "rel": "term", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "Paid before the grading, and the thing at stake when the grade comes back high.", "rel": "step", "from": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened" }, { "to": "ndm-1-2010", "type": "event", "name": "NDM-1, 2010", "as": "The paper that put hospital travel and resistance in the same sentence, and the argument that followed it.", "rel": "event", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "candida-auris", "type": "risk", "name": "Candida auris", "as": "The fungal half of the pair the CDC names, and the one that colonises skin for months.", "rel": "kin", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The wound this turns from a course of antibiotics into a year.", "rel": "kin", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria", "type": "risk", "name": "Nontuberculous mycobacteria", "as": "Already resistant by nature, and the reason those wounds took three months of therapy.", "rel": "kin", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Where two of the four isolate collections in the founding study were taken.", "rel": "place", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Why the organism is usually found by a laboratory with no record of the operation.", "rel": "kin", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step at which the screening swab is taken.", "rel": "step", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Publishes the global surveillance this sits inside.", "rel": "org", "from": "antimicrobial-resistance" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The procedure this is the mortality of.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "Where the fat comes from, and its own share of the risk.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "dvt-pe", "type": "risk", "name": "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism", "as": "A different embolism — clot rather than fat — over days rather than minutes.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Gluteal augmentation accounts for most of the major complications in the published UK readmission series.", "rel": "kin", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria", "type": "risk", "name": "Nontuberculous mycobacteria", "as": "What the survivors of the Dominican clusters had come for.", "rel": "kin", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "What moving a patient in this condition costs, when they can be moved at all.", "rel": "kin", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "dominican-republic", "type": "destination", "name": "Dominican Republic", "as": "One of the destinations the published case series name.", "rel": "place", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Named as the country of surgery in most of the UK readmission series.", "rel": "place", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "One of the societies whose members made up the surveyed population.", "rel": "org", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened", "type": "risk", "name": "Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival", "as": "A long operation under general anaesthesia on a patient assessed the same morning.", "rel": "kin", "from": "bbl-mortality" }, { "to": "bloodborne-virus", "type": "risk", "name": "Bloodborne virus from treatment abroad", "as": "What an unscreened unit carries, and the reason the screening figures matter.", "rel": "kin", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation on this site most likely to need blood.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "heart-valve-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Heart valve replacement", "as": "Open-chest surgery, with the same transfusion exposure.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The largest transfusion requirement of any elective operation here.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The package whose exclusion list names blood transfusion as a charge.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The same exclusion list, read for what else is missing from it.", "rel": "kin", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Runs the Global Database on Blood Safety, which is the only source for any of this.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "Where donor screening and blood screening are the same failure.", "rel": "kin", "from": "blood-supply-safety" }, { "to": "blood-supply-safety", "type": "risk", "name": "Blood supply safety", "as": "The upstream half of the same risk, and the only part of it with numbers.", "rel": "kin", "from": "bloodborne-virus" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The same lapse in infection control, declaring itself in days rather than years.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bloodborne-virus" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "Dental care is the commonest reason US residents travel, and instrument reprocessing is the whole of the exposure.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bloodborne-virus" }, { "to": "dialysis-holiday", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dialysis away from home", "as": "Repeated vascular access in an unfamiliar unit, week after week.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bloodborne-virus" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "Where donor-derived infection enters the same list.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bloodborne-virus" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "Where the CDC's phrase donor-derived infections points.", "rel": "kin", "from": "bloodborne-virus" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step at which nobody takes the travel history that would find this.", "rel": "step", "from": "bloodborne-virus" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "The bacterial half of the pair the CDC names, with the same six-month travel window behind it.", "rel": "kin", "from": "candida-auris" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "One of the sites this organism turns up in, alongside blood and ears.", "rel": "kin", "from": "candida-auris" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Colonisation is silent, so nothing in the patient's own account will raise it.", "rel": "kin", "from": "candida-auris" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "Immunosuppression is what turns colonisation into an infection.", "rel": "kin", "from": "candida-auris" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step at which a screening swab would be taken, if anyone ordered one.", "rel": "step", "from": "candida-auris" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Lists this organism among its fungal priority pathogens.", "rel": "org", "from": "candida-auris" }, { "to": "cross-border-prescriptions", "type": "rule", "name": "A prescription that crosses a border", "as": "The rule that decides whether a prescription written abroad can be filled at home.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "counterfeit-medicines" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step at which the course runs out and is refilled somewhere.", "rel": "step", "from": "counterfeit-medicines" }, { "to": "addiction-rehab", "type": "procedure", "name": "Residential addiction treatment", "as": "Where the substance itself is the treatment, and its identity is the whole of the question.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "counterfeit-medicines" }, { "to": "unproven-stem-cell", "type": "risk", "name": "Unproven stem cell treatment", "as": "A different failure of the same regulatory gap: the product is what it says, and no trial has shown it does anything.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "counterfeit-medicines" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Publishes the only figure this record carries.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "counterfeit-medicines" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Why a treatment failure at home is rarely traced back to what was dispensed abroad.", "rel": "kin", "from": "counterfeit-medicines" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "The step this risk is about.", "rel": "step", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step at which the number is given and the conditions are not.", "rel": "step", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The same document, read for what the price does not cover.", "rel": "step", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "Decides who the deposit is actually paid to, and who is liable if the clinic cancels.", "rel": "step", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The party that often holds the money without performing the treatment.", "rel": "term", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "The same four obstacles, in front of a smaller sum.", "rel": "kin", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The other way a headline price and a final bill diverge.", "rel": "kin", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form the money is quoted in.", "rel": "term", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened", "type": "risk", "name": "Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival", "as": "The preoperative test on the day of admission is the commonest reason a booked operation is called off on arrival.", "rel": "kin", "from": "deposit-and-refund" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The interval guidance written partly for this.", "rel": "kin", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "The step where the seated hours are spent.", "rel": "step", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "Major lower-limb surgery, where regional anaesthesia is preferred partly to lower this risk.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The other joint, with the same prophylaxis question and the same flight home.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "A long operation on a patient kept still, and one of the commonest reasons for travel.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "Bariatric surgery, where the underlying weight is itself a risk factor for clots.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "bbl-mortality", "type": "risk", "name": "Death from gluteal fat grafting", "as": "A different embolism — fat, not clot — and a far faster one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Where the anticoagulant course runs out, in a system with no record of when it started.", "rel": "step", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "alone-after-discharge", "type": "risk", "name": "Discharged alone", "as": "Who notices a swollen calf in a hotel room.", "rel": "kin", "from": "dvt-pe" }, { "to": "dvt-pe", "type": "risk", "name": "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism", "as": "The clot risk that the seated hours add to the surgical one.", "rel": "kin", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "The step this guidance is about.", "rel": "step", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "booking-the-flight", "type": "pathway", "name": "Booking the flight", "as": "The step at which the return date is fixed, usually before anyone has seen the wound.", "rel": "step", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "Major lower-limb surgery, where orthopaedic teams commonly apply the same ten-day interval for the clot risk.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "A nasal procedure, and the one the plastic surgeons' 7-to-10-day figure was written for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "Abdominal surgery, which is what the ten-day figure names.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "Abdominal surgery sold in packages shorter than the interval the guidance names.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form whose stated length of stay sits against this interval.", "rel": "term", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "What it costs when the patient cannot board at all.", "rel": "kin", "from": "flying-after-surgery" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The document that would close this gap, when it exists and when it is in a language the next clinician reads.", "rel": "step", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step this risk is the absence of.", "rel": "step", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The step that decides whether anyone at home can tell what was done.", "rel": "step", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "What the gap costs, once somebody has to operate again.", "rel": "kin", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Without the surgeon's name, there is no defendant.", "rel": "kin", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The commonest thing found in the gap.", "rel": "kin", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "the-follow-up-nobody-books", "type": "story", "name": "The follow-up nobody books", "as": "The longer piece on this.", "rel": "story", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "A procedure sold as a two-day trip, with the result judged at twelve months.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "Six-week and twelve-week reviews, and the physiotherapy between them, sit outside every package this site has read.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "follow-up-gap" }, { "to": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023", "type": "event", "name": "The Matamoros fungal meningitis outbreak, 2023", "as": "The outbreak itself, with its dates and its two addresses.", "rel": "event", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where both clinics were, and one of the two countries named in the CDC's outbreak list.", "rel": "place", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened", "type": "risk", "name": "Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival", "as": "The anaesthetic, not the operation, was the route of infection here.", "rel": "kin", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "Among the cosmetic procedures the exposed patients had travelled for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The commoner infection after the same trips, and a far less lethal one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Why case-finding had to be run as a public appeal to people who had been to a named address.", "rel": "kin", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "What it costs to move a patient in this condition.", "rel": "kin", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "The step at which a headache two weeks after a flight becomes an emergency.", "rel": "step", "from": "fungal-meningitis" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation this exclusion was read off, and the one where the device is often the largest line.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The same trade, the same exclusion, usually a higher package.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "Priced per fixture, with the abutment and crown on their own lines.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "cochlear-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cochlear implant", "as": "Where the external processor is a separate purchase from the operation.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the package this record is built on, exclusion stated in the title.", "rel": "performed-at", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The pricing form this risk lives inside.", "rel": "term", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step at which this is caught, when it is caught.", "rel": "step", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step at which the headline number is supplied and the device price is not.", "rel": "step", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "The longer piece on what a published price covers.", "rel": "story", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "When the device fails, the second one is bought in a different country.", "rel": "kin", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "blood-supply-safety", "type": "risk", "name": "Blood supply safety", "as": "Also on that exclusion list, and a risk rather than a charge.", "rel": "kin", "from": "implant-excluded" }, { "to": "arrival-and-consent", "type": "pathway", "name": "Arrival and consent", "as": "The step this risk sits inside: the examination and the signature, usually on the same day.", "rel": "step", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "informed-consent", "type": "term", "name": "Informed consent", "as": "The word, and the doctrine behind the form being signed.", "rel": "term", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What was consented to, in which language, is the first thing a claim turns on.", "rel": "kin", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step at which the seller becomes the interpreter.", "rel": "step", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The company whose staff member often does the interpreting, and whose invoice it appears on.", "rel": "term", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The one regime this project has read that names interpreting and sets a language qualification for it.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The other translation nobody in the transaction owns.", "rel": "step", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Where an unclear consent surfaces: a clinician at home reading a form nobody can translate.", "rel": "kin", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Certifies that a hospital runs a process; it is not a party to a consent.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "language-consent" }, { "to": "complaint-and-claim", "type": "pathway", "name": "Complaint and claim", "as": "The step this risk decides the outcome of.", "rel": "step", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "The step at which the question first gets asked.", "rel": "step", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The reason there is often no name to sue.", "rel": "kin", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "The same contract, read at the other end of the trip.", "rel": "kin", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The bill that lands while the claim is still theoretical.", "rel": "kin", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The one instrument that gives a defined class of cross-border patients a stated route, inside one bloc.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step at which a third party enters the contract, and the liability question splits in two.", "rel": "step", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Accreditation is not a forum, and the accreditor is not a party.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "What was consented to, in which language, is the first thing any such claim turns on.", "rel": "kin", "from": "malpractice-recourse" }, { "to": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak", "type": "event", "name": "The Dominican mycobacterial outbreaks, 2013–14 and 2017", "as": "The investigations themselves, with their clinics and dates.", "rel": "event", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "dominican-republic", "type": "destination", "name": "Dominican Republic", "as": "Where both clusters were traced to.", "rel": "place", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "santo-domingo", "type": "hub", "name": "Santo Domingo", "as": "The city the named clinics operated in.", "rel": "place", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The general case this is the hardest version of.", "rel": "whole", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "Resistant by nature rather than by acquisition, which is why the courses run months.", "rel": "kin", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "Among the cosmetic procedures the case-patients had travelled for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "Among the procedures in both Dominican clusters.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "Among the procedures in both Dominican clusters.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "All of the documented cases needed further surgery after returning.", "rel": "kin", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Weeks-long incubation means the first clinician to see it is always at home.", "rel": "kin", "from": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "The rule that decides whether any of this is covered.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "us-medicare-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Medicare outside the United States", "as": "The entitlement that does not extend to this, stated in the same chapter.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "The step at which the aircraft is chartered.", "rel": "step", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "The ordinary version of the same journey, at the price of a seat.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The guidance that, followed, keeps a patient off this aircraft.", "rel": "kin", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "bbl-mortality", "type": "risk", "name": "Death from gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The complication most likely to make a patient unfit to board a scheduled flight.", "rel": "kin", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "What the bill becomes once the patient has landed.", "rel": "kin", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "Who signs the guarantee when the patient cannot.", "rel": "kin", "from": "repatriation-cost" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "The step this is the bill for.", "rel": "step", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step it interrupts.", "rel": "step", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Why the second surgeon operates without an operative note.", "rel": "kin", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "revision", "type": "term", "name": "Revision", "as": "The word, and what it covers when a package says it is included.", "rel": "term", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Named as the country of the first operation in most of the UK series.", "rel": "place", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The system that published its own ledgers, which is why this record has numbers at all.", "rel": "place", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "Gluteal augmentation was the commonest procedure and the source of every major complication in two of the series.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "The highest cost per patient in the Royal Free series.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "The commonest procedure in the Manchester breast unit series.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "NHS funding for treatment abroad", "as": "The entitlement that does not cover any of this.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The complication driving 92% of one series.", "rel": "kin", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The second device is bought again, in a second country.", "rel": "kin", "from": "revision-at-home" }, { "to": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria", "type": "risk", "name": "Nontuberculous mycobacteria", "as": "The organism behind the best-documented cluster of these infections in cosmetic surgery patients returning from abroad.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "What decides whether this infection is a week of antibiotics or six months of them.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Why the infection is usually diagnosed by someone who did not make the wound.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who pays for the theatre time when the wound has to be reopened.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "bbl-mortality", "type": "risk", "name": "Death from gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The other thing that goes wrong after gluteal fat grafting, and the faster one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "bloodborne-virus", "type": "risk", "name": "Bloodborne virus from treatment abroad", "as": "The same failure of infection control, with a longer incubation and a quieter arrival.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation where an infection means the implant comes out.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "abdominoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abdominoplasty", "as": "The procedure with the longest stay among UK patients readmitted after surgery abroad.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "dominican-republic", "type": "destination", "name": "Dominican Republic", "as": "Where the clearest documented cluster of these infections among travelling patients was traced to.", "rel": "place", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step at which this is usually found.", "rel": "step", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "The step this risk turns into.", "rel": "step", "from": "surgical-site-infection" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The step this risk is the price of.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The instrument that caps the escort at two, and the only hard count anywhere.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The scheme that pays the escort a daily allowance, and sets it by destination.", "rel": "rule", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "Where that allowance schedule was published, in a bylaw of the Dubai Health Authority.", "rel": "destination", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "alone-after-discharge", "type": "risk", "name": "Discharged alone", "as": "What happens where no companion travelled.", "rel": "kin", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "day-case", "type": "term", "name": "Day case", "as": "The category that assumes somebody is there by evening; abroad, that somebody flew in.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The number the second fare and the second bed sit outside.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "booking-the-flight", "type": "pathway", "name": "Booking the flight", "as": "The step at which the second ticket is bought, on dates the surgery may move.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "The other cost a state names in the same bylaw, and a private buyer meets alone.", "rel": "kin", "from": "the-escort-burden" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "The organ the outcome figures on this page are for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The organ with the same pattern and a higher mortality penalty.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "bone-marrow-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Bone marrow transplant", "as": "The stem cell case the CDC folds into the same category.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "transplant-prohibition", "type": "rule", "name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "as": "The rules that decide where a non-resident may be transplanted at all.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "declaration-of-istanbul-group", "type": "org", "name": "Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group", "as": "Keeps the instrument that separates travel for transplantation from commercialism and trafficking.", "rel": "org", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "istanbul-declaration-2008", "type": "event", "name": "The Declaration of Istanbul, 2008", "as": "The year the field drew the line it still uses.", "rel": "event", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "bloodborne-virus", "type": "risk", "name": "Bloodborne virus from treatment abroad", "as": "Donor-derived infection is the named screening failure.", "rel": "kin", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Immunosuppression makes the gap immediately dangerous rather than eventually.", "rel": "kin", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "A claim arising from an unlawful transaction has nowhere to go.", "rel": "kin", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "candida-auris", "type": "risk", "name": "Candida auris", "as": "What immunosuppression turns from colonisation into disease.", "rel": "kin", "from": "transplant-harm" }, { "to": "stem-cell-unproven", "type": "procedure", "name": "Unapproved stem cell treatment", "as": "The treatment itself, and what is actually sold under the name.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "stem-cell-regulation", "type": "rule", "name": "Regulating cell and tissue therapies", "as": "The rules that decide where this can lawfully be offered and on what terms.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "What may be claimed, and by whom, in each jurisdiction.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "The step at which a poor prognosis meets a confident marketing page.", "rel": "step", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "The step this risk is most often avoided at.", "rel": "step", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "A claim for a treatment that was never approved, against a provider in another country.", "rel": "kin", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "counterfeit-medicines", "type": "risk", "name": "Substandard and falsified medicines", "as": "The mirror case: a product that is not what it says, rather than a product that is exactly what it says and does nothing.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "The CDC files unrelated-donor stem cell transplantation in the same category as organ transplantation abroad.", "rel": "kin", "from": "unproven-stem-cell" }, { "to": "abortion-care", "type": "procedure", "name": "Abortion", "as": "The procedure these instruments govern.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The category this is the oldest example of.", "rel": "term", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "The essay on the traffic a prohibition creates, of which this is the oldest and largest case.", "rel": "story", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The neighbouring word, and the fight over which one to use.", "rel": "term", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "Why a named purpose of travel matters here.", "rel": "pathway", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "A destination whose statute contains no residence bar.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The source market the question moved to in 2022.", "rel": "destination", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "The body whose database is the comparative reading behind most of these rows.", "rel": "org", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "assisted-dying-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "as": "The other question where the residence gate is the whole instrument.", "rel": "kin", "from": "abortion-travel-law" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The licence a Turkish advertiser must hold before Article 8 lets it speak abroad.", "rel": "kin", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "malaysia-mhtc-licence", "type": "rule", "name": "Malaysia's healthcare travel registration", "as": "The third Malaysian regime, alongside the statutory licence and the council membership.", "rel": "kin", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The state that permits abroad what it forbids at home.", "rel": "destination", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The state that ties the permission to the licence.", "rel": "destination", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The state that licenses the advertisement itself.", "rel": "destination", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The party most of these instruments reach least.", "rel": "term", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where the claim meets a number.", "rel": "step", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "stem-cell-regulation", "type": "rule", "name": "Regulating cell and tissue therapies", "as": "What may be said about a treatment holding no authorisation anywhere.", "rel": "kin", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "The claim these codes do not reach.", "rel": "story", "from": "advertising-rules" }, { "to": "assisted-dying", "type": "procedure", "name": "Assisted dying", "as": "The procedure these instruments govern.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "switzerland", "type": "destination", "name": "Switzerland", "as": "The destination the omission in Article 115 created.", "rel": "destination", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The category this sits in.", "rel": "term", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "The essay on crossing a border to do what is prohibited at home, in the one case where the traveller does not come back.", "rel": "story", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "abortion-travel-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Travelling for a termination", "as": "The other question where a residence gate is the whole instrument.", "rel": "kin", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "The bill that follows, and that no row here carries.", "rel": "risk", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The person who travels too, and whose position at home is a separate question.", "rel": "pathway", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The federation where one state opened the door and another keeps it shut.", "rel": "destination", "from": "assisted-dying-law" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The parent instrument this one implements.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "cross-border-prescriptions" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The document the common-name rule is really about.", "rel": "step", "from": "cross-border-prescriptions" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step where the prescription is presented.", "rel": "step", "from": "cross-border-prescriptions" }, { "to": "counterfeit-medicines", "type": "risk", "name": "Substandard and falsified medicines", "as": "What fills the gap when the prescription will not travel.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cross-border-prescriptions" }, { "to": "patient-data-transfer", "type": "rule", "name": "Moving a medical record across a border", "as": "The record that travels alongside it, under different law.", "rel": "kin", "from": "cross-border-prescriptions" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The interval this instrument was written to shorten.", "rel": "risk", "from": "cross-border-prescriptions" }, { "to": "eu-national-contact-points", "type": "org", "name": "EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare", "as": "Who a patient asks when a pharmacy refuses.", "rel": "org", "from": "cross-border-prescriptions" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The procedure this question follows.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "sperm-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sperm donation", "as": "The other half of it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment the donation feeds.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The destination whose rule runs opposite to most of its neighbours.", "rel": "destination", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The source market that ended anonymity in 2005.", "rel": "destination", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "The regulator that holds the British register and publishes what it releases.", "rel": "org", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The society whose survey is the widest comparative reading of European law here.", "rel": "org", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "The neighbouring question, often in the same statute.", "rel": "kin", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for what the rows below produce.", "rel": "term", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Why a rule about who a donor may be sends patients across a border, argued at length.", "rel": "story", "from": "donor-anonymity-law" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The older coordination route, and the contrast that explains this one: it pays the destination's public tariff in full but demands a queue at home.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "NHS funding for treatment abroad", "as": "The one national system that used both routes and now uses only one.", "rel": "kin", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "The gate Article 8 builds, and the word for it.", "rel": "term", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "co-payment", "type": "term", "name": "Co-payment", "as": "What a patient still pays under either route.", "rel": "term", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "eu-national-contact-points", "type": "org", "name": "EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare", "as": "The bodies Article 6 obliges every Member State to run.", "rel": "org", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "directive-2011-24-adopted", "type": "event", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU adopted, 9 March 2011", "as": "The year this was passed, and the litigation behind it.", "rel": "event", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "patient-data-transfer", "type": "rule", "name": "Moving a medical record across a border", "as": "Article 4(2)(f) makes the record follow the patient; the data law says on what terms.", "rel": "kin", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "cross-border-prescriptions", "type": "rule", "name": "A prescription that crosses a border", "as": "The implementing directive that makes a prescription written under this one readable at the next border.", "rel": "kin", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Article 4(2)(d) requires the cover; it does not supply the forum.", "rel": "risk", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "What happens outside the bloc, where no instrument does any of this.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series behind the queue this route was argued over.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "eu-directive-2011-24" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "The country that both sends its nationals abroad under this bylaw and sells treatment to arrivals.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "dha-dubai", "type": "org", "name": "Dubai Health Authority", "as": "The authority that issued the bylaw and selects the hospital.", "rel": "org", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "uae-clinic-licensing", "type": "rule", "name": "Licensing a clinic in the United Arab Emirates", "as": "The same authority, working the other direction.", "rel": "kin", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The escort the bylaw counts, and pays.", "rel": "step", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The city whose authority wrote it.", "rel": "hub", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "saudi-arabia", "type": "destination", "name": "Saudi Arabia", "as": "Another Gulf state that sends patients abroad, through a health attaché rather than a bylaw this project has read.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "The half of the subject where the state, not the patient, is the buyer.", "rel": "story", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "king-hussein-cancer-center", "type": "facility", "name": "King Hussein Cancer Center", "as": "One of the regional hospitals such schemes buy from.", "rel": "facility", "from": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "vaginoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Vaginoplasty", "as": "One of the operations these instruments reach.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "phalloplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Phalloplasty", "as": "The other genital operation this access rule gates, priced stage by stage where anyone prices it at all.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "top-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Top surgery", "as": "The third, and the one most often bought abroad.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "A long-standing destination for this surgery, and a row this project could not source.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "A destination whose Civil Code gates the surgery through a court.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The source market whose federal position was decided in 2025 for minors and left open for adults.", "rel": "destination", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The category this sits in.", "rel": "term", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "The essay on travel driven by a rule rather than a price, which is what most of this table is.", "rel": "story", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "What a consent form gates when the statute does not.", "rel": "risk", "from": "gender-affirming-care-access" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The step this rule sits inside, and the one the pathway record quotes.", "rel": "pathway", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country that issues it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "thai-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "Thailand's medical treatment visa", "as": "The contrast: an endorsement on a visitor visa, capped at 90 days, with no attendant class.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The person this class counts, and caps at two.", "rel": "step", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "One of the clusters its holders arrive in.", "rel": "hub", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "The kind of hospital whose letterhead the application turns on.", "rel": "facility", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "medical-visa", "type": "term", "name": "Medical visa", "as": "The word this class is the clearest example of.", "rel": "term", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "Why a named purpose of travel is sometimes the sensitive part.", "rel": "story", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A named class makes a patient countable; most states issue none.", "rel": "story", "from": "india-e-medical-visa" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step where this is discovered, or is not.", "rel": "step", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "us-medicare-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Medicare outside the United States", "as": "The territorial exclusion, in a public programme.", "rel": "rule", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "The single largest number that falls in the gap.", "rel": "risk", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Who pays for the second operation.", "rel": "risk", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clause about fitness to fly, and the clinical reason behind it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The one bloc where an entitlement crosses the border instead of an exclusion.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Why a package price and a total cost are different numbers.", "rel": "story", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "The other contract nobody reads before signing.", "rel": "risk", "from": "insurance-exclusions" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The country whose statute this is.", "rel": "destination", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "khidi", "type": "org", "name": "Korea Health Industry Development Institute", "as": "The institute that runs the register and publishes the count.", "rel": "org", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "Where most registered institutions are.", "rel": "hub", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "asan-medical-center", "type": "facility", "name": "Asan Medical Center", "as": "One of the registered institutions.", "rel": "facility", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "severance", "type": "facility", "name": "Severance Hospital", "as": "Another, with its own international centre.", "rel": "facility", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The role this Act bonds, capitalises and keeps onshore.", "rel": "term", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step at which the register and the guaranty insurance matter.", "rel": "step", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "The exposure Article 6 insures against, inside one jurisdiction.", "rel": "risk", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "What a registration-based count does and does not count.", "rel": "story", "from": "korea-foreign-patient-registration" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The country whose two regimes these are.", "rel": "destination", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The council that runs the membership half.", "rel": "org", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "kuala-lumpur", "type": "hub", "name": "Kuala Lumpur", "as": "Where most member hospitals are.", "rel": "hub", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "penang", "type": "hub", "name": "Penang", "as": "The second cluster, and the one that draws from Indonesia.", "rel": "hub", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "One of the member hospitals.", "rel": "facility", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "island-hospital-penang", "type": "facility", "name": "Island Hospital", "as": "Another, in the northern cluster.", "rel": "facility", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The accreditation the top membership tier is built on.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Why two things called accreditation are not the same instrument.", "rel": "story", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "The third regime, and the KKLIU number on every advertisement.", "rel": "kin", "from": "malaysia-mhtc-licence" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The step this rule governs, at the front of the journey.", "rel": "step", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The document that matters most, and the one most often a letter instead.", "rel": "step", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "Where the absence of a record is discovered.", "rel": "step", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The operation planned blind when the note did not travel.", "rel": "risk", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The instrument that puts the duty on the treating side.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "cross-border-prescriptions", "type": "rule", "name": "A prescription that crosses a border", "as": "The other half of what a patient carries home.", "rel": "kin", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "Why the implant's lot number is worth asking for by name.", "rel": "risk", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "The record is the evidence, and the claim turns on it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "The consent form, in whichever language it was actually signed.", "rel": "risk", "from": "patient-data-transfer" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The newer route, and the contrast: private providers, no queue test, and the patient carries the price difference.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "s2-route" }, { "to": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "NHS funding for treatment abroad", "as": "The national system that runs this route, and the page where its own conditions are set out.", "rel": "kin", "from": "s2-route" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "The word for the gate this route is entirely made of.", "rel": "term", "from": "s2-route" }, { "to": "co-payment", "type": "term", "name": "Co-payment", "as": "What survives the certificate.", "rel": "term", "from": "s2-route" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series that measures the queue Article 20(2) turns on.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "s2-route" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step this route removes, by paying at the destination's own tariff.", "rel": "step", "from": "s2-route" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Travel, accommodation and the experimental part of a treatment are outside the certificate.", "rel": "step", "from": "s2-route" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The step this rule sits inside.", "rel": "pathway", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The contrast: a named class, a year long, with an attendant visa attached.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "thai-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "Thailand's medical treatment visa", "as": "The middle case: a visitor visa with a medical endorsement.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "Why Article 15 cover and cover for the operation are different things.", "rel": "kin", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "One Schengen destination with a large inbound fertility trade and no treatment visa.", "rel": "destination", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "Another, drawing patients from the Gulf and the former Soviet states.", "rel": "destination", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "Who has to apply separately, and prove someone else's purpose.", "rel": "step", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A visitor visa with a hospital letter leaves no category to count.", "rel": "story", "from": "schengen-medical-visa" }, { "to": "stem-cell-unproven", "type": "procedure", "name": "Unapproved stem cell treatment", "as": "The procedure these instruments are argued over.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "stem-cell-regulation" }, { "to": "unproven-stem-cell", "type": "risk", "name": "Unproven stem cell treatment", "as": "The risk record, and the published harms.", "rel": "risk", "from": "stem-cell-regulation" }, { "to": "japan", "type": "destination", "name": "Japan", "as": "The one jurisdiction that wrote a statute aimed at the clinic rather than the manufacturer.", "rel": "destination", "from": "stem-cell-regulation" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The regime that turns on two defined phrases.", "rel": "destination", "from": "stem-cell-regulation" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "What may be said about a treatment that holds no authorisation.", "rel": "kin", "from": "stem-cell-regulation" }, { "to": "informed-consent", "type": "term", "name": "Informed consent", "as": "What a patient is consenting to when the product class is unsettled.", "rel": "term", "from": "stem-cell-regulation" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Where a claim goes when the treatment was lawful where it was given.", "rel": "risk", "from": "stem-cell-regulation" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "The procedure these instruments govern.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment that makes gestational surrogacy possible, and which many of the same acts regulate.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for travelling because the law at home says no.", "rel": "term", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The wider category this sits in.", "rel": "term", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "The essay on travelling to do lawfully elsewhere what is prohibited at home; this table is the evidence it argues from.", "rel": "story", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The neighbouring question, on the same treatments and often in the same statute.", "rel": "kin", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The society whose European survey maps the surrounding fertility law.", "rel": "org", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The destination that closed by nationality in 2021.", "rel": "destination", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The destination that closed by nationality in 2015.", "rel": "destination", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "greece", "type": "destination", "name": "Greece", "as": "One of the four Member States with a working altruistic regime, and a residence requirement.", "rel": "destination", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "Why the stated purpose of a journey matters here more than anywhere else.", "rel": "pathway", "from": "surrogacy-law" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The step this rule sits inside.", "rel": "pathway", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The country that issues it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The contrast: a dedicated class, with its own attendant visa and a year's validity.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "Where nearly every holder is treated.", "rel": "hub", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "medical-visa", "type": "term", "name": "Medical visa", "as": "The word, and what it does and does not name here.", "rel": "term", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a patient on an endorsed visitor visa is a patient nobody counted.", "rel": "story", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The person these pages do not mention.", "rel": "step", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "addiction-rehab", "type": "procedure", "name": "Residential addiction treatment", "as": "One of the long courses that outruns the 90-day ceiling.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "thai-medical-visa" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "The operation most of this law was written about.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The other, and the one with the published infection literature.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "What the outcome papers record.", "rel": "risk", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "declaration-of-istanbul-group", "type": "org", "name": "Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group", "as": "The custodian of the professional norm this table sits under.", "rel": "org", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "istanbul-declaration-2008", "type": "event", "name": "The Declaration of Istanbul, 2008", "as": "The year the norm was written down.", "rel": "event", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "The body whose Guiding Principles the World Health Assembly endorsed in 2010.", "rel": "org", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "blood-supply-safety", "type": "risk", "name": "Blood supply safety", "as": "The neighbouring supply question, with the same payment argument attached.", "rel": "risk", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "The essay on prohibition-driven travel, and the case in which the prohibition is nearly universal and the traffic persists anyway.", "rel": "story", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "iran", "type": "destination", "name": "Iran", "as": "The one state running a regulated compensated donation programme, and the row this project could not source.", "rel": "destination", "from": "transplant-prohibition" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country whose regime this is.", "rel": "destination", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-services-directorate", "type": "org", "name": "Türkiye General Directorate of Health Services", "as": "The directorate that issues the certificate and publishes the register.", "rel": "org", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Where most certificate holders are.", "rel": "hub", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The role this regulation turns into a licensed travel agency.", "rel": "term", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step at which the register can be checked.", "rel": "step", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "The separate regulation that governs what a certificate holder may say abroad.", "rel": "kin", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The procedure that built the trade the regulation was written for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "turkiye-hair-boom", "type": "event", "name": "Türkiye's hair transplant boom", "as": "The years the volume arrived.", "rel": "event", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "The kind of hospital group that holds the certificate.", "rel": "facility", "from": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "The federation whose licensing this is.", "rel": "destination", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "dha-dubai", "type": "org", "name": "Dubai Health Authority", "as": "The authority that licenses, registers and publishes.", "rel": "org", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The city where the fault line between regulators runs.", "rel": "hub", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "american-hospital-dubai", "type": "facility", "name": "American Hospital Dubai", "as": "A licensed hospital in the emirate.", "rel": "facility", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The same authority, sending patients the other way.", "rel": "kin", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step at which a register can be searched, if you know which one.", "rel": "step", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Where a complaint goes depends on which body holds the licence.", "rel": "risk", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "A licence is not an accreditation, and neither is a quality score.", "rel": "story", "from": "uae-clinic-licensing" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The route this system still runs, in full.", "rel": "rule", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route this system lost at the end of the transition period.", "rel": "rule", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The country whose system this is, and one of the largest source markets in Europe.", "rel": "destination", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "proton-therapy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Proton beam therapy", "as": "The treatment the NHS bought abroad and commissioned by name before it could deliver it at home.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The bill the NHS picks up when an operation bought abroad goes wrong.", "rel": "risk", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The queue that sends the patients.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "What the patient finds when they look for someone else to pay.", "rel": "kin", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The arithmetic that looks different once the home system is paying for the revision.", "rel": "story", "from": "uk-nhs-treatment-abroad" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The country whose public programme this is, and the largest source market in the world.", "rel": "destination", "from": "us-medicare-abroad" }, { "to": "insurance-exclusions", "type": "rule", "name": "Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad", "as": "The private half of the same answer.", "rel": "kin", "from": "us-medicare-abroad" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "What a reimbursement entitlement looks like where one exists.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "us-medicare-abroad" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "The bill the exceptions do not reach.", "rel": "risk", "from": "us-medicare-abroad" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "The border town the proximity rule was not written for, and does not help.", "rel": "hub", "from": "us-medicare-abroad" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "What a US patient abroad is, in one word.", "rel": "term", "from": "us-medicare-abroad" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The care that is covered, because it happens on the right side of the border.", "rel": "risk", "from": "us-medicare-abroad" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "Holds three dated awards over this body, its standards and its surveyor training.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "aaci" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The scheme it most often appears beside on a hospital's badge wall.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "aaci" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "One of the markets where its mark turns up on private clinic pages.", "rel": "place", "from": "aaci" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a badge wall is counted rather than weighed.", "rel": "story", "from": "aaci" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "The system these standards were written for, and where a regulator stands behind them.", "rel": "place", "from": "achsi" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "The Indian equivalent: a domestic scheme that also sells abroad.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "achsi" }, { "to": "thai-ha-institute", "type": "org", "name": "Healthcare Accreditation Institute", "as": "The Thai equivalent, run by a public organisation rather than a subsidiary.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "achsi" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "Holds the award over the EQuIP standards.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "achsi" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a national standard sold abroad is separated from the system it came from.", "rel": "story", "from": "achsi" }, { "to": "saudi-arabia", "type": "destination", "name": "Saudi Arabia", "as": "The country whose public and private facilities it is the legally recognised evaluator of.", "rel": "place", "from": "cbahi" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The voluntary international mark Saudi hospitals hold on top of this compulsory one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "cbahi" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The state route that sends Saudi patients out while this board raises the floor at home.", "rel": "governs", "from": "cbahi" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "Holds the award over these standards.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "cbahi" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a compulsory floor and a bought badge are pulled apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "cbahi" }, { "to": "istanbul-declaration-2008", "type": "event", "name": "The Declaration of Istanbul, 2008", "as": "The summit and text this group was formed to keep.", "rel": "event", "from": "declaration-of-istanbul-group" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "The operation the Declaration was written about.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "declaration-of-istanbul-group" }, { "to": "transplant-prohibition", "type": "rule", "name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "as": "The national laws written with this text as their reference.", "rel": "governs", "from": "declaration-of-istanbul-group" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "What happens to the person who sold the organ, which the Declaration puts first.", "rel": "risk", "from": "declaration-of-istanbul-group" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "The intergovernmental body whose transplant guiding principles this text sits beside.", "rel": "org", "from": "declaration-of-istanbul-group" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "The wider pattern of travelling to do what is unlawful at home, of which this is the hardest case.", "rel": "story", "from": "declaration-of-istanbul-group" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "One named example of the link in the chain that step is about.", "rel": "step", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The trade word for what this company is.", "rel": "term", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "chiang-mai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chiang Mai", "as": "Works out of this cluster.", "rel": "place", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Routes its patients inside this country.", "rel": "destination", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Publishes its own account of what recourse a foreign patient has under Thai law.", "rel": "risk", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "Its stated answer to the language barrier is an interpreter at every appointment.", "rel": "risk", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Sells in this form, with the price posted before the consultation.", "rel": "term", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where a facilitator like this one enters the story.", "rel": "step", "from": "defiant" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "The federation this authority licenses one emirate of, and whose only published inbound count is its own.", "rel": "place", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "dubai", "type": "hub", "name": "Dubai", "as": "The emirate itself: everything outside the free-zone boundary answers to this licence.", "rel": "hub", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "uae-clinic-licensing", "type": "rule", "name": "Licensing a clinic in the United Arab Emirates", "as": "Why a licence here names an emirate rather than a country.", "rel": "rule", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The outbound programme it runs under the 2017 bylaw, escort allowance and all.", "rel": "rule", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "american-hospital-dubai", "type": "facility", "name": "American Hospital Dubai", "as": "One of the private hospitals trading under this licence.", "rel": "facility", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "Dentistry is 29 per cent of what the emirate's own count says its visitors came for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "khidi", "type": "org", "name": "Korea Health Industry Development Institute", "as": "The other agency that promotes and counts at once — and publishes its counting rule.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "Malaysia's equivalent, publishing a visit count rather than a patient count.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The voluntary mark Dubai's private hospitals buy on top of this compulsory licence.", "rel": "org", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why 691,000 cannot be read until somebody says what a one in it is.", "rel": "story", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "the-escort-burden", "type": "risk", "name": "The escort burden", "as": "Written into this authority's own bylaw, with a daily allowance attached.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dha-dubai" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The scheme it broke a near-monopoly on in the United States in 2008.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dnv-healthcare" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where its NIAHO programme carries federal deeming weight.", "rel": "place", "from": "dnv-healthcare" }, { "to": "achsi", "type": "org", "name": "ACHS International", "as": "Another national scheme selling itself abroad, on a different standards base.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "dnv-healthcare" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a system audit and a clinical audit are separated.", "rel": "story", "from": "dnv-healthcare" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment its consortium counts across Europe.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "eshre" }, { "to": "icmart", "type": "org", "name": "International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies", "as": "The global registry body it feeds and publishes with.", "rel": "org", "from": "eshre" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "The one European regulator that publishes clinic-level results rather than national aggregates.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "eshre" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The treatment that moves the most patients across European borders, and the hardest to count.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "eshre" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The legal difference that drives much of the European fertility traffic.", "rel": "governs", "from": "eshre" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The phrase researchers use for this traffic, and the argument inside it.", "rel": "term", "from": "eshre" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Where national aggregates and clinic-level results are set against each other.", "rel": "story", "from": "eshre" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The instrument that created these bodies and the reporting behind them.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "eu-national-contact-points" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The older prior-authorisation route these figures are hard to separate from.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "eu-national-contact-points" }, { "to": "eurostat", "type": "org", "name": "Eurostat", "as": "The other European stream, which counts spending rather than patients and excludes the receiving end.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "eu-national-contact-points" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step where a patient discovers what their own state will and will not refund.", "rel": "step", "from": "eu-national-contact-points" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "The destination most of this reporting's dental traffic goes to.", "rel": "place", "from": "eu-national-contact-points" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where the administrative floor and the cash trade are set side by side.", "rel": "story", "from": "eu-national-contact-points" }, { "to": "eu-national-contact-points", "type": "org", "name": "EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare", "as": "The other European reporting stream on cross-border care, and the one that does count patients.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "eurostat" }, { "to": "oecd", "type": "org", "name": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development", "as": "Co-author of the accounting framework whose exclusion rule this record turns on.", "rel": "org", "from": "eurostat" }, { "to": "hungary", "type": "destination", "name": "Hungary", "as": "A destination whose dental export trade is invisible in its own health accounts.", "rel": "place", "from": "eurostat" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "The exclusion sentence, and what it hides, at length.", "rel": "story", "from": "eurostat" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The instrument that generates the European patient-mobility figures the accounts cannot.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "eurostat" }, { "to": "medical-tourism-association", "type": "org", "name": "Medical Tourism Association", "as": "The trade body it names as its strategic partner, and whose co-founder founded it.", "rel": "org", "from": "gha" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "Holds the award over its Standards for Medical Travel 5.0.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "gha" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "Surveys the ward where this scheme surveys the journey; the two are not substitutes.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gha" }, { "to": "temos", "type": "org", "name": "Temos International Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "The other scheme built around the international patient rather than the hospital.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "gha" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The end of the pathway this scheme claims to cover, and the part no clinical accreditation reaches.", "rel": "step", "from": "gha" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a pathway mark and a clinical mark are pulled apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "gha" }, { "to": "hfea-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "HFEA fertility treatment results", "as": "The register this authority keeps and the clinic table it publishes out of it.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The jurisdiction it licenses, clinic by clinic, and the border its register stops at.", "rel": "place", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment it licenses, counts and publishes a birth rate for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "The add-on it rates red for improving the chance of a birth and green for reducing miscarriage.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Sets the compensation cap and the ten-family limit that British donors are recruited under.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "egg-freezing", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg freezing", "as": "Sets the storage limit, and publishes the average price a British cycle is quoted at.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "Holds the donor register, and releases what the identity rule says it may.", "rel": "governs", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The only other register in the world publishing clinic-level rates, counted from a different starting line.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The European society whose consortium collects national aggregates where this body publishes clinics.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "north-cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Northern Cyprus", "as": "A destination British patients fly to, outside this licence and invisible to this register.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for the patients who leave, and whom the register cannot see.", "rel": "term", "from": "hfea" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The European society it publishes alongside, and whose consortium supplies the European rows.", "rel": "org", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "The body it holds official relations with, and its co-author on the ART glossary.", "rel": "org", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment counted, cycle by cycle, in every national return it receives.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "icsi", "type": "procedure", "name": "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection", "as": "Counted inside the same cycles, on definitions the glossary had to fix before anyone could add them up.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The cycles that cross a border, and that no national registry counts from both ends.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "One of the national registries feeding it, and one of only two in the world that publish clinic by clinic.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The American statutory register whose national totals reach the world report.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A world total assembled from voluntary returns on unlike definitions.", "rel": "story", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "The destinations with no registry, which is most of the ones a fertility traveller is choosing between.", "rel": "story", "from": "icmart" }, { "to": "keith-pollard", "type": "person", "name": "Keith Pollard", "as": "Its editor in chief, and the founder of the company that published it.", "rel": "person", "from": "imtj" }, { "to": "imtj-summit", "type": "event", "name": "The IMTJ Medical Travel Summit and Awards", "as": "The annual conference it runs, and part of how it is paid.", "rel": "event", "from": "imtj" }, { "to": "medical-tourism-association", "type": "org", "name": "Medical Tourism Association", "as": "The other house that publishes about this trade, from inside a membership body.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "imtj" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where its long argument with the industry's headline numbers is set out.", "rel": "story", "from": "imtj" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The two words it put in its title, in preference to the other two.", "rel": "term", "from": "imtj" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "Second on its worldwide surgical ranking for 2024, at 2,087,189 procedures.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "breast-augmentation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Breast augmentation", "as": "Third on that ranking, and one of the operations its survey counts by country.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The operation its members answered a mortality survey about, which is where this directory's death rate for it comes from.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "bbl-mortality", "type": "risk", "name": "Death from gluteal fat grafting", "as": "A risk measured the same way the counts are: by asking the society's own members.", "rel": "risk", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "colombia", "type": "destination", "name": "Colombia", "as": "Where its respondents reported the highest share of patients attending from other locations, a median of 20 per cent.", "rel": "place", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "brazil", "type": "destination", "name": "Brazil", "as": "The largest domestic aesthetic market in its 2024 count, and a small foreign share inside it.", "rel": "place", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "One of the 32 locations reported individually for 2024.", "rel": "place", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "ishrs", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery", "as": "The other society that counts a cosmetic trade by surveying its own members, and complains about the rest of it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "What a projection from 2,975 questionnaires can and cannot be asked to carry.", "rel": "story", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Everything cosmetic done by someone who is not a board-certified plastic surgeon.", "rel": "story", "from": "isaps" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation, and the stage of it the society says a technician must not perform.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "dhi-hair-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Direct hair implantation (DHI)", "as": "A technique that makes the recipient site and places the graft in one movement, which is exactly the step the society's statements are about.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "fue", "type": "term", "name": "FUE", "as": "The word, whose use in clinic advertising the society has tried to pin down.", "rel": "term", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country its 2016 release named, and the one that later wrote the same prohibitions into a regulation.", "rel": "place", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The city named in its 2016 release, through a surgeon practising there.", "rel": "hub", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "turkiye-hair-boom", "type": "event", "name": "Türkiye's hair transplant boom", "as": "The growth its warnings ran alongside, and predate by six years.", "rel": "event", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The repair operation its census counts as a share of its members' caseload.", "rel": "risk", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "advertising-rules", "type": "rule", "name": "What a clinic may say", "as": "The rules on how this work may be sold, which the society's complaint is largely about.", "rel": "rule", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-services-directorate", "type": "org", "name": "Türkiye General Directorate of Health Services", "as": "The state body that wrote the 2023 hair transplant rules the society had been asking for.", "rel": "org", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "isaps", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery", "as": "The other society counting a cosmetic trade by surveying its own members.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A trade with no register, counted by asking the people who compete with it.", "rel": "story", "from": "ishrs" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "One of the accreditors whose standards it sits above, and the largest.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "isqua-ieea" }, { "to": "temos", "type": "org", "name": "Temos International Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "Holds its award; the first German accreditor to take one.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "isqua-ieea" }, { "to": "gha", "type": "org", "name": "Global Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "Holds its award over the Standards for Medical Travel 5.0.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "isqua-ieea" }, { "to": "aaci", "type": "org", "name": "American Accreditation Commission International", "as": "Holds three of its awards, each with a published year range.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "isqua-ieea" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "Holds its award over the Indian hospital standards.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "isqua-ieea" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where the chain of who pays whom is followed to the end.", "rel": "story", "from": "isqua-ieea" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "The body that accredits accreditors, and the answer to who checks this one.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "jci" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Took this mark in 2002, early for Asia, and has renewed it five times.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "jci" }, { "to": "jci-accredited-list", "type": "dataset", "name": "The JCI list of accredited organizations", "as": "The published directory this site draws its accreditation counts from.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "jci" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "The argument over what a bought inspection proves, laid out at length.", "rel": "story", "from": "jci" }, { "to": "temos", "type": "org", "name": "Temos International Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "A competitor built for international patients rather than for hospitals in general.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jci" }, { "to": "gha", "type": "org", "name": "Global Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "A competitor that certifies the travel pathway rather than the clinical unit.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "jci" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The country whose hospitals hold more of these marks than any other in Southeast Asia.", "rel": "place", "from": "jci" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The country whose inbound patient count it compiles and publishes.", "rel": "place", "from": "khidi" }, { "to": "seoul", "type": "hub", "name": "Seoul", "as": "The city that takes 85 per cent of the patients in its own count.", "rel": "place", "from": "khidi" }, { "to": "korea-foreign-patient-registration", "type": "rule", "name": "Korea's foreign patient attraction registration", "as": "The registration rule that makes the count possible.", "rel": "governs", "from": "khidi" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The one national count on this site whose counting rule is published.", "rel": "story", "from": "khidi" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "Malaysia's equivalent agency, publishing a visit count rather than a patient count.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "khidi" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Even this count cannot separate a traveller from a resident foreigner.", "rel": "story", "from": "khidi" }, { "to": "gha", "type": "org", "name": "Global Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "The accreditation body it names as its strategic partner, founded by its co-founder.", "rel": "org", "from": "medical-tourism-association" }, { "to": "imtj", "type": "org", "name": "International Medical Travel Journal", "as": "The other side of the trade's own publishing: a commercial journal rather than an association.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medical-tourism-association" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word it put in its own name, and the fight over that word.", "rel": "term", "from": "medical-tourism-association" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where the industry's market-size figures are traced back to their sources.", "rel": "story", "from": "medical-tourism-association" }, { "to": "keith-pollard", "type": "person", "name": "Keith Pollard", "as": "The trade's other long-standing publisher, and a frequent critic of its numbers.", "rel": "person", "from": "medical-tourism-association" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "One of the destinations whose national brand it names as its own work.", "rel": "place", "from": "medical-tourism-association" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The country whose inbound trade it markets and reports on.", "rel": "place", "from": "mhtc" }, { "to": "malaysia-mhtc-licence", "type": "rule", "name": "Malaysia's healthcare travel registration", "as": "The rule record for what membership is and is not; licensing sits with the health ministry.", "rel": "governs", "from": "mhtc" }, { "to": "gleneagles-kl", "type": "facility", "name": "Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur", "as": "One of the private hospitals on its member roster.", "rel": "org", "from": "mhtc" }, { "to": "island-hospital-penang", "type": "facility", "name": "Island Hospital", "as": "The Penang hospital the agency's Indonesian corridor is built around.", "rel": "org", "from": "mhtc" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where a national healthcare-traveller total is taken apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "mhtc" }, { "to": "khidi", "type": "org", "name": "Korea Health Industry Development Institute", "as": "Korea's equivalent state body, which publishes a patient count instead of a visit count.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "mhtc" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country whose hospitals this scheme gates, for domestic payment as much as for foreign patients.", "rel": "place", "from": "nabh" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "One of the private hospitals whose badge wall carries this mark.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "nabh" }, { "to": "fortis-gurgaon", "type": "facility", "name": "Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram", "as": "Another, in the Delhi cluster.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "nabh" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The international mark an Indian hospital holds alongside this one, for a different audience.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "nabh" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "Holds the award over these standards.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "nabh" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The other Indian instrument a foreign patient meets before arrival.", "rel": "governed-by", "from": "nabh" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series behind the queue at home, which is half of why anyone travels.", "rel": "measures", "from": "oecd" }, { "to": "eurostat", "type": "org", "name": "Eurostat", "as": "The partner that runs the same accounting framework for Europe, and excludes exports from it.", "rel": "org", "from": "oecd" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "The third partner in the System of Health Accounts.", "rel": "org", "from": "oecd" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "Where the 0.0 to 1.0 per cent finding is set against the market-size claims.", "rel": "story", "from": "oecd" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The residency and boundary problems this report names, one layer up.", "rel": "story", "from": "oecd" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The instrument adopted the same year, whose reporting produces the other European numbers.", "rel": "governs", "from": "oecd" }, { "to": "costa-rica", "type": "destination", "name": "Costa Rica", "as": "The destination this council exists to promote.", "rel": "place", "from": "promed" }, { "to": "san-jose-cr", "type": "hub", "name": "San José, Costa Rica", "as": "The hub its member hospitals and dental clinics cluster in.", "rel": "place", "from": "promed" }, { "to": "clinica-biblica", "type": "facility", "name": "Hospital Clínica Bíblica", "as": "One of the hospitals the scheme is built around.", "rel": "org", "from": "promed" }, { "to": "medical-tourism-association", "type": "org", "name": "Medical Tourism Association", "as": "The same form of body one scale up: members pay, the body promotes.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "promed" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "The work that brings most of Costa Rica's international patients in.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "promed" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step where a membership seal is often read as an inspection.", "rel": "step", "from": "promed" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The larger competitor, built for hospitals rather than for international patients.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "temos" }, { "to": "gha", "type": "org", "name": "Global Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "The nearest competitor by purpose: both certify the journey rather than the ward.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "temos" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "The body holding an award over these standards.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "temos" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The trade this scheme is unusual in accrediting at all.", "rel": "term", "from": "temos" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step of the journey where a broker's accreditation is the only external mark on offer.", "rel": "step", "from": "temos" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "One of the treatments its reproductive care programme covers.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "temos" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "The country whose hospitals this is the national standard for, public and private alike.", "rel": "place", "from": "thai-ha-institute" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "One of the private hospitals holding this mark alongside the imported one.", "rel": "accredits", "from": "thai-ha-institute" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The purchased international mark a Thai hospital holds for a different audience.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "thai-ha-institute" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "India's equivalent domestic board.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "thai-ha-institute" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "Holds the award over these standards.", "rel": "accredited-by", "from": "thai-ha-institute" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a domestic standard and an exported one are separated.", "rel": "story", "from": "thai-ha-institute" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country whose international patient trade it licenses, facility by facility.", "rel": "place", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The certificate it issues, withdraws and publishes the register of.", "rel": "rule", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Where most of the certificate holders selling to foreign patients are.", "rel": "hub", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation given its own regulation in 2023, down to who may open the channels.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "turkiye-hair-boom", "type": "event", "name": "Türkiye's hair transplant boom", "as": "The growth these rules were written against.", "rel": "event", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "ishrs", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery", "as": "The professional society whose allegations since 2016 the 2023 prohibitions read like a list of.", "rel": "org", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "A voluntary mark a hospital buys, against a compulsory state certificate it must hold to trade at all.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The intermediary this regime licenses separately, through USHAŞ rather than through the directorate.", "rel": "term", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "acibadem", "type": "facility", "name": "Acıbadem Healthcare Group", "as": "One of the hospital groups whose international business this certificate governs.", "rel": "facility", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A register of who may treat, beside a border survey of who said they came for treatment.", "rel": "story", "from": "turkiye-health-services-directorate" }, { "to": "who-global-health-observatory", "type": "dataset", "name": "WHO Global Health Observatory", "as": "The data platform it publishes, and what that platform does and does not count.", "rel": "measures", "from": "who" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series the World Bank republishes from WHO's health expenditure database.", "rel": "measures", "from": "who" }, { "to": "icmart", "type": "org", "name": "International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies", "as": "The fertility registry body it keeps in official relations, and with which it wrote the ART glossary.", "rel": "org", "from": "who" }, { "to": "declaration-of-istanbul-group", "type": "org", "name": "Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group", "as": "The professional body whose declaration WHO's transplant principles sit beside.", "rel": "org", "from": "who" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Where the gap between world health data and cross-border care is the subject.", "rel": "story", "from": "who" }, { "to": "oecd", "type": "org", "name": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development", "as": "The other body with comparable cross-country health figures, and the only one that has tried to measure the trade itself.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "who" }, { "to": "narayana-health", "type": "facility", "name": "Narayana Health", "as": "The group he founded, and the record carrying its volume argument and its 2013 bypass figure.", "rel": "facility", "from": "devi-shetty" }, { "to": "bengaluru", "type": "hub", "name": "Bengaluru", "as": "Where the first hospital was built, on the southern edge of the city.", "rel": "hub", "from": "devi-shetty" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The operation his cost argument was made about.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "devi-shetty" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country whose low-cost cardiac surgery he is the public face of.", "rel": "destination", "from": "devi-shetty" }, { "to": "prathap-reddy", "type": "person", "name": "Prathap C. Reddy", "as": "The earlier founder, who made the corporate hospital a category before this argument could be made inside one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "devi-shetty" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "Volume against price, which is his claim and this site's question.", "rel": "story", "from": "devi-shetty" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word in his title, used academically before the trade contested it.", "rel": "term", "from": "john-connell" }, { "to": "who-travels", "type": "story", "name": "Who travels", "as": "The question his 2006 paper set, and the one this site keeps returning to.", "rel": "story", "from": "john-connell" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "The other word for the same movement, preferred by the people who regulate it.", "rel": "term", "from": "john-connell" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where he writes from, and a country that both sends and receives patients.", "rel": "destination", "from": "john-connell" }, { "to": "leigh-turner", "type": "person", "name": "Leigh Turner", "as": "The bioethicist working the same subject from the direction of what is being sold.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "john-connell" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The problem his book named twenty years before the market reports learned to state it.", "rel": "story", "from": "john-connell" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The trade his guidebook taught a generation of readers to use, and to check.", "rel": "term", "from": "josef-woodman" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The unit his book listed hospitals in.", "rel": "term", "from": "josef-woodman" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step of the journey his guide was written for.", "rel": "pathway", "from": "josef-woodman" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word in his title, and the fight over it.", "rel": "term", "from": "josef-woodman" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where the two-million figure in his publisher's release is taken apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "josef-woodman" }, { "to": "leigh-turner", "type": "person", "name": "Leigh Turner", "as": "The academic reading of the same industry, from outside it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "josef-woodman" }, { "to": "imtj", "type": "org", "name": "International Medical Travel Journal", "as": "The journal his company bought in 2009 and he still edits, and the record carrying its ownership chain.", "rel": "org", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "imtj-summit", "type": "event", "name": "The IMTJ Medical Travel Summit and Awards", "as": "The meeting and the awards his publication ran, with him in the chair of the panel.", "rel": "event", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "His paper's long argument with the industry's headline figures is the best-known part of his editing.", "rel": "story", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a trade award chaired by an editor and an inspection paid for by a hospital are told apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "josef-woodman", "type": "person", "name": "Josef Woodman", "as": "The other figure who built a business explaining this trade to patients, from the consumer-guide side rather than the trade-press one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The two words his journal put in its title, and the ones he uses.", "rel": "term", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The trade his sites sold to and his awards judged.", "rel": "term", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the publishing business was registered, and where its sites sold private treatment at home as well as abroad.", "rel": "destination", "from": "keith-pollard" }, { "to": "stem-cell-unproven", "type": "procedure", "name": "Unapproved stem cell treatment", "as": "The trade he counted, and the record carrying his 2021 figures.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "leigh-turner" }, { "to": "unproven-stem-cell", "type": "risk", "name": "Unproven stem cell treatment", "as": "The risk record, where his enumeration sets the scale.", "rel": "risk", "from": "leigh-turner" }, { "to": "stem-cell-regulation", "type": "rule", "name": "Regulating cell and tissue therapies", "as": "The rules his counts are measured against, country by country.", "rel": "rule", "from": "leigh-turner" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The intermediary his 2011 and 2012 papers made the object of study.", "rel": "term", "from": "leigh-turner" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "His 2011 paper on oversight of medical travel companies sits at the centre of it.", "rel": "story", "from": "leigh-turner" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The country his counts are of, and the one usually described as a source of patients rather than a market.", "rel": "destination", "from": "leigh-turner" }, { "to": "josef-woodman", "type": "person", "name": "Josef Woodman", "as": "The consumer-guide reading of the same industry, from inside it.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "leigh-turner" }, { "to": "apollo-chennai", "type": "facility", "name": "Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai", "as": "The hospital he opened in 1983, and the one Apollo still treats as its origin.", "rel": "facility", "from": "prathap-reddy" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country whose private hospital sector his group defined the shape of.", "rel": "destination", "from": "prathap-reddy" }, { "to": "chennai", "type": "hub", "name": "Chennai", "as": "Where it started, and still a hub in this directory.", "rel": "hub", "from": "prathap-reddy" }, { "to": "devi-shetty", "type": "person", "name": "Devi Prasad Shetty", "as": "The other founder-surgeon in Indian corporate medicine, working the volume end of the same market.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "prathap-reddy" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "The Indian accreditation system his group's hospitals are counted in.", "rel": "org", "from": "prathap-reddy" }, { "to": "cabg", "type": "procedure", "name": "Coronary artery bypass grafting", "as": "The cardiac work the group was built around and still sells abroad.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "prathap-reddy" }, { "to": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals", "type": "dataset", "name": "International arrivals", "as": "The series where 2020 is still the most recent year for 132 of 223 codes.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "covid-shutdown-2020" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "435,691 visitors gave health as their purpose in 2020, against 756,926 in 2019 — and 1,381,807 by 2022.", "rel": "destination", "from": "covid-shutdown-2020" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "Where the backlog the cancellations built shows up, in the countries that measure it.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "covid-shutdown-2020" }, { "to": "turkiye-hair-boom", "type": "event", "name": "Türkiye's hair transplant boom", "as": "The recovery that followed, in one procedure and one country.", "rel": "event", "from": "covid-shutdown-2020" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The kind of planned operation the cancellation modelling was about.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "covid-shutdown-2020" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A hole in every series at once, and what charts do to cover it.", "rel": "story", "from": "covid-shutdown-2020" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Whose director-general used the word on 11 March 2020.", "rel": "org", "from": "covid-shutdown-2020" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The rule record: what it says, country by country, and what it does not cover.", "rel": "rule", "from": "directive-2011-24-adopted" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The older route it sits beside, under the social security regulation, which pays the treating country's tariff instead.", "rel": "rule", "from": "directive-2011-24-adopted" }, { "to": "eu-national-contact-points", "type": "org", "name": "EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare", "as": "The offices Article 6 created, and the thin place where a patient meets the law.", "rel": "org", "from": "directive-2011-24-adopted" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The queue Article 8(5) turns into an entitlement, measured where anybody measures it.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "directive-2011-24-adopted" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "The word Brussels uses for this, and why it is not the word the trade uses.", "rel": "term", "from": "directive-2011-24-adopted" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "The permission Article 8 lets a state require, and the conditions it may require it under.", "rel": "term", "from": "directive-2011-24-adopted" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "A reimbursement at the home tariff changes the arithmetic that every other page here does out of pocket.", "rel": "story", "from": "directive-2011-24-adopted" }, { "to": "dominican-republic", "type": "destination", "name": "Dominican Republic", "as": "The country page, where these two clusters sit beside the trade that produced them.", "rel": "destination", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "nontuberculous-mycobacteria", "type": "risk", "name": "Nontuberculous mycobacteria", "as": "The organism, and why water and solutions are where it comes from.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "What 38 confirmed patients flew home with in 2017.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023", "type": "event", "name": "The Matamoros fungal meningitis outbreak, 2023", "as": "The later outbreak traced to clinics abroad, fungal rather than bacterial, and found the same way.", "rel": "event", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "liposuction", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liposuction", "as": "The commonest operation in the 2013–14 cluster, at 74% of cases.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "The body operation the Dominican trade is now known for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Fourteen of 19 admitted in the United States in the first cluster; 14 of 15 needing further surgery in the second.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Both outbreaks were found by doctors at home, weeks after discharge abroad.", "rel": "risk", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Two outbreak counts with no denominator between them.", "rel": "story", "from": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak" }, { "to": "imtj", "type": "org", "name": "International Medical Travel Journal", "as": "The publication that runs the summit and the awards.", "rel": "org", "from": "imtj-summit" }, { "to": "keith-pollard", "type": "person", "name": "Keith Pollard", "as": "Its editor, and the chair of the awards panel.", "rel": "person", "from": "imtj-summit" }, { "to": "medical-tourism-association", "type": "org", "name": "Medical Tourism Association", "as": "The other house that convenes this industry, with its own conference and its own index.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "imtj-summit" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "Where a trade award and an inspection are told apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "imtj-summit" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The trade this meeting is largely for.", "rel": "term", "from": "imtj-summit" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where many of the field's circulating numbers are first said out loud.", "rel": "story", "from": "imtj-summit" }, { "to": "declaration-of-istanbul-group", "type": "org", "name": "Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group", "as": "The custodians, who keep the text and the endorsement list.", "rel": "org", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "transplant-prohibition", "type": "rule", "name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "as": "The rules countries wrote afterwards, jurisdiction by jurisdiction.", "rel": "rule", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "kidney-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Kidney transplant", "as": "The operation the declaration was written about.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "liver-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Liver transplant", "as": "The other organ trade the declaration covers.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "transplant-harm", "type": "risk", "name": "Transplant harm", "as": "What happens to the seller, which is the half of this trade that leaves no patient record.", "rel": "risk", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "Whose guiding principles on transplantation the declaration sits beside, and whose 10% estimate it cited from a personal communication.", "rel": "org", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The city that gave the document its name, and a hub in this directory for entirely different reasons.", "rel": "hub", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The contested word — here attached, by a profession, to a specific practice it wanted stopped.", "rel": "term", "from": "istanbul-declaration-2008" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The country page where this outbreak sits alongside the border dental trade and the Tijuana bariatric trade.", "rel": "destination", "from": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023" }, { "to": "fungal-meningitis", "type": "risk", "name": "Fungal meningitis after epidural anaesthesia", "as": "The risk record: what it is, how it is found, and who treats it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023" }, { "to": "dominican-republic-ntm-outbreak", "type": "event", "name": "The Dominican mycobacterial outbreaks, 2013–14 and 2017", "as": "The other multi-state outbreak traced to clinics abroad, five years earlier and bacterial rather than fungal.", "rel": "event", "from": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023" }, { "to": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened", "type": "risk", "name": "Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival", "as": "The exposure here was the anaesthesia, not the operation.", "rel": "risk", "from": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "Patients were traced by telephone from a list, weeks after they had flown home.", "rel": "risk", "from": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "Every counted case was managed by a hospital in the patient's own country.", "rel": "risk", "from": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Twelve deaths with no denominator is the shape of almost every number in this field.", "rel": "story", "from": "mexico-fungal-meningitis-2023" }, { "to": "antimicrobial-resistance", "type": "risk", "name": "Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad", "as": "The risk this paper put at the centre of the subject.", "rel": "risk", "from": "ndm-1-2010" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The country named in the gene and in the argument that followed.", "rel": "destination", "from": "ndm-1-2010" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the 37 UK isolates were found, and where the travel histories were taken.", "rel": "destination", "from": "ndm-1-2010" }, { "to": "surgical-site-infection", "type": "risk", "name": "Surgical site infection", "as": "The route most of these organisms take into a patient.", "rel": "risk", "from": "ndm-1-2010" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word the ministry used in its reply, and the fight over it in miniature.", "rel": "term", "from": "ndm-1-2010" }, { "to": "dialysis-holiday", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dialysis away from home", "as": "One of the treatments named among the admissions in the paper.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "ndm-1-2010" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Seventeen travel histories carried a global argument for a decade.", "rel": "story", "from": "ndm-1-2010" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The country page, where the official series and the licensing regime are set out.", "rel": "destination", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Where most of the clinics are, and where the packages start at the airport.", "rel": "hub", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation being sold, and the stage of it the 2023 regulation reserves to a physician.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "dhi-hair-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Direct hair implantation (DHI)", "as": "The branded variant the clinics price above it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The certificate a facility or intermediary must hold to sell any of this lawfully.", "rel": "rule", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "ishrs", "type": "org", "name": "International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery", "as": "The professional society whose alert about unlicensed operators predates the regulation by six years.", "rel": "org", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "covid-shutdown-2020", "type": "event", "name": "The 2020 shutdown", "as": "The collapse this recovery followed, and doubled.", "rel": "event", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A sector with its own regulation and no published count of its own operations.", "rel": "story", "from": "turkiye-hair-boom" }, { "to": "anaesthetic-risk-unscreened", "type": "risk", "name": "Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival", "as": "The risk this scale exists to measure, and what happens when nobody applies it before the flight.", "rel": "risk", "from": "asa-grade" }, { "to": "arrival-and-consent", "type": "pathway", "name": "Arrival and consent", "as": "The step where the grade is actually assigned.", "rel": "step", "from": "asa-grade" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The price that assumes a low grade without saying so.", "rel": "term", "from": "asa-grade" }, { "to": "day-case", "type": "term", "name": "Day case", "as": "The category a grade can move a patient out of.", "rel": "term", "from": "asa-grade" }, { "to": "length-of-stay", "type": "term", "name": "Length of stay", "as": "The number the grade changes first.", "rel": "term", "from": "asa-grade" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The seller's version of the same idea, with no payer and no published window.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "bundled-payment" }, { "to": "drg", "type": "term", "name": "DRG", "as": "The unit bundles were built on top of, and the admission they extend past.", "rel": "origin", "from": "bundled-payment" }, { "to": "case-rate", "type": "term", "name": "Case rate", "as": "The narrower form: one provider, one encounter, one negotiated price.", "rel": "term", "from": "bundled-payment" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation these programmes were built around, at home and abroad alike.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "bundled-payment" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "Where the episode payment was designed, and the market whose patients travel out of it.", "rel": "destination", "from": "bundled-payment" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "What a 90-day episode covers at home and nobody covers abroad.", "rel": "risk", "from": "bundled-payment" }, { "to": "drg", "type": "term", "name": "DRG", "as": "The classified version, with several hundred groups and weights behind it.", "rel": "descendant", "from": "case-rate" }, { "to": "bundled-payment", "type": "term", "name": "Bundled payment", "as": "The stretched version, across providers and a window of days.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "case-rate" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "What a case rate looks like when it is offered to the public instead of negotiated.", "rel": "term", "from": "case-rate" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "The schedule a case rate sits in.", "rel": "term", "from": "case-rate" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where a flat figure is handed over without its severity clause.", "rel": "step", "from": "case-rate" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The same journeys named from the traveller's side rather than the law's.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "circumvention-travel" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "The clearest case: lawful in one country, void or criminal in the next.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "circumvention-travel" }, { "to": "abortion-travel-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Travelling for a termination", "as": "The rule record that maps this category across borders.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention-travel" }, { "to": "assisted-dying-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "as": "Where the prohibition falls on whoever assists rather than on the patient.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention-travel" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "A test that moves country when the permitted indications differ rather than when the price does.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "circumvention-travel" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The wider contested name, and the page where the argument over it is held.", "rel": "term", "from": "circumvention-travel" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "The wider category this sits inside, and the only part of it a payer has agreed to in advance.", "rel": "term", "from": "co-payment" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "The schedule a co-payment is calculated against.", "rel": "term", "from": "co-payment" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "The gate that has to be passed before a co-payment is the only thing owed.", "rel": "term", "from": "co-payment" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "A treatment where the patient contribution at home is what makes the fare abroad arithmetic.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "co-payment" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step where the difference between a fixed sum and a percentage is discovered.", "rel": "step", "from": "co-payment" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment this word is the unit of.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cycle" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form a cycle price takes, and the inclusion list that decides what a cycle is.", "rel": "term", "from": "cycle" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for why a patient buys this cycle in another country.", "rel": "term", "from": "cycle" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The society whose European registry counts these cycles across countries.", "rel": "org", "from": "cycle" }, { "to": "egg-freezing", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg freezing", "as": "Where the cycle ends at collection and the storage bill begins.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cycle" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where a per-cycle figure is first quoted, usually without its denominator.", "rel": "step", "from": "cycle" }, { "to": "length-of-stay", "type": "term", "name": "Length of stay", "as": "The count this category is excluded from, and rejoins the moment a night is added.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "day-case" }, { "to": "knee-arthroscopy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Knee arthroscopy", "as": "An operation that is usually this at home and is sold abroad with a night in it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "day-case" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The price that assumes the intended pathway held.", "rel": "term", "from": "day-case" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The person a day case requires and a foreign trip may not have.", "rel": "step", "from": "day-case" }, { "to": "asa-grade", "type": "term", "name": "ASA grade", "as": "The assessment that decides whether a case stays a day case.", "rel": "term", "from": "day-case" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "The schedule a DRG is the unit of.", "rel": "term", "from": "drg" }, { "to": "case-rate", "type": "term", "name": "Case rate", "as": "The same idea unclassified: one negotiated price for one procedure, with no severity grouping.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "drg" }, { "to": "bundled-payment", "type": "term", "name": "Bundled payment", "as": "What comes after the DRG, when the payer buys the whole episode instead of the admission.", "rel": "descendant", "from": "drg" }, { "to": "length-of-stay", "type": "term", "name": "Length of stay", "as": "The number a case rate made expensive, and the reason stays shortened everywhere it arrived.", "rel": "term", "from": "drg" }, { "to": "germany", "type": "destination", "name": "Germany", "as": "Where a foreign self-payer is billed against this schedule with a surcharge.", "rel": "destination", "from": "drg" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The route under which a European patient is refunded at a home-state DRG rather than the foreign invoice.", "rel": "rule", "from": "drg" }, { "to": "choosing-a-facilitator", "type": "pathway", "name": "Choosing a facilitator", "as": "The step where this word is chosen from, and what a reader can check about it.", "rel": "step", "from": "facilitator" }, { "to": "deposit-and-refund", "type": "risk", "name": "The deposit, and whether it comes back", "as": "The risk that follows from an unlicensed party holding the money.", "rel": "risk", "from": "facilitator" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "What a facilitator sells: a single number assembled out of other people's services.", "rel": "term", "from": "facilitator" }, { "to": "temos", "type": "org", "name": "Temos International Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "One of the few accreditors that certifies this trade at all.", "rel": "org", "from": "facilitator" }, { "to": "defiant", "type": "org", "name": "Defiant", "as": "A named firm doing this job, described in the same voice as any other.", "rel": "org", "from": "facilitator" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The wider name for the traffic these firms sit inside.", "rel": "term", "from": "facilitator" }, { "to": "graft", "type": "term", "name": "Graft", "as": "The unit this technique is sold in, and the one whose definition decides the count.", "rel": "term", "from": "fue" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation these three letters name.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "fue" }, { "to": "dhi-hair-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Direct hair implantation (DHI)", "as": "The branded variant sold beside it, with an implanter pen instead of forceps.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "fue" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "The city that made this technique a commodity.", "rel": "hub", "from": "fue" }, { "to": "revision", "type": "term", "name": "Revision", "as": "What follows an overharvested donor area, and what cannot be undone.", "rel": "term", "from": "fue" }, { "to": "fue", "type": "term", "name": "FUE", "as": "The technique sold by the graft, which is why the unit matters at all.", "rel": "term", "from": "graft" }, { "to": "hair-transplant-fue", "type": "procedure", "name": "Follicular unit extraction", "as": "The operation this unit prices.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "graft" }, { "to": "dhi-hair-transplant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Direct hair implantation (DHI)", "as": "The other technique sold in the same unit, whose prices state it no more clearly.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "graft" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "Where most of the world's graft prices are quoted.", "rel": "hub", "from": "graft" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form that removes the unit altogether by selling a session instead.", "rel": "term", "from": "graft" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The narrower and more contested word inside this one.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "health-tourism" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "The other half of this category, and the half that inflates its totals.", "rel": "term", "from": "health-tourism" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The state that made this category its unit of regulation.", "rel": "destination", "from": "health-tourism" }, { "to": "turkiye-health-tourism-authorisation", "type": "rule", "name": "Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate", "as": "The certificate the category requires, on its own instrument.", "rel": "rule", "from": "health-tourism" }, { "to": "panchakarma", "type": "procedure", "name": "Panchakarma", "as": "A course of treatment that sits inside this word and outside the medical one.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "health-tourism" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where the arithmetic of these categories is taken apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "health-tourism" }, { "to": "arrival-and-consent", "type": "pathway", "name": "Arrival and consent", "as": "The step where the form is signed, usually the day before surgery.", "rel": "step", "from": "informed-consent" }, { "to": "language-consent", "type": "risk", "name": "Consent taken across a language barrier", "as": "The risk this doctrine runs into across a language barrier.", "rel": "risk", "from": "informed-consent" }, { "to": "second-opinion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The second opinion", "as": "What the alternatives half of the doctrine actually requires.", "rel": "step", "from": "informed-consent" }, { "to": "getting-your-records", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting your records out", "as": "The file without which a receiving surgeon is consenting a patient blind.", "rel": "step", "from": "informed-consent" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "What a defective consent is worth in a forum the patient cannot reach.", "rel": "risk", "from": "informed-consent" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The party whose website is not part of the consent, whatever it said.", "rel": "term", "from": "informed-consent" }, { "to": "in-hospital", "type": "pathway", "name": "In hospital", "as": "The step this number is the length of.", "rel": "step", "from": "length-of-stay" }, { "to": "day-case", "type": "term", "name": "Day case", "as": "The stay of zero nights, and the category a package can quietly leave.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "length-of-stay" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "Where the nights are fixed, and where the night after them is priced.", "rel": "term", "from": "length-of-stay" }, { "to": "drg", "type": "term", "name": "DRG", "as": "The payment unit that made short stays profitable and long ones a loss.", "rel": "term", "from": "length-of-stay" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation whose three-night package this record reads.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "length-of-stay" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The second, longer stay: days in the country before a seat is allowed.", "rel": "risk", "from": "length-of-stay" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The name this site uses instead, and the one the trade drifted to.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "health-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Health tourism", "as": "The older and wider administrative word, commoner in English books until 2005.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The counter-word, proposed from inside fertility medicine, and the sharpest objection on the record.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The part of the traffic a prohibition at home explains, named separately in the legal literature.", "rel": "term", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "The European administrative word for the same movement, with a directive behind it.", "rel": "term", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "medical-tourism-association", "type": "org", "name": "Medical Tourism Association", "as": "The trade body that put this word in its own name in 2007.", "rel": "org", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "imtj", "type": "org", "name": "International Medical Travel Journal", "as": "The trade publisher that chose the other two words.", "rel": "org", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "philippines", "type": "destination", "name": "Philippines", "as": "Where a government research body said the count fails for want of a definition.", "rel": "destination", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "What a category this wide does to a national figure.", "rel": "story", "from": "medical-tourism" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word this one replaced, and the page where the fight over it is held.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medical-travel" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "The administrative version, for patients moving inside a reimbursement scheme.", "rel": "term", "from": "medical-travel" }, { "to": "imtj", "type": "org", "name": "International Medical Travel Journal", "as": "The trade publisher that took these two words as its title.", "rel": "org", "from": "medical-travel" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "The step where a reader first meets the thing this word names.", "rel": "step", "from": "medical-travel" }, { "to": "facilitator", "type": "term", "name": "Facilitator", "as": "The commercial layer that grew up inside this traffic.", "rel": "term", "from": "medical-travel" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "A hospital whose foreign-patient services are named in these terms rather than the other.", "rel": "facility", "from": "medical-travel" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The step in the journey where this class is applied for.", "rel": "step", "from": "medical-visa" }, { "to": "india-e-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "India's e-Medical Visa", "as": "The instrument behind the class this record reads, with its own dates.", "rel": "rule", "from": "medical-visa" }, { "to": "schengen-medical-visa", "type": "rule", "name": "The Schengen visa, for treatment", "as": "The other shape: general short-stay conditions applied to a treatment journey.", "rel": "rule", "from": "medical-visa" }, { "to": "the-companion", "type": "pathway", "name": "The companion", "as": "The person a medical class does or does not admit — India grants two.", "rel": "step", "from": "medical-visa" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "Why a visa that records the purpose of a journey matters where the treatment is lawful there and not at home.", "rel": "term", "from": "medical-visa" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "The scheme where no visa is needed at all, because the border is already open.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "medical-visa" }, { "to": "co-payment", "type": "term", "name": "Co-payment", "as": "The share a payer fixes in advance, and the only part of out-of-pocket spending anybody plans for.", "rel": "term", "from": "out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "the-deposit", "type": "pathway", "name": "The deposit", "as": "The first out-of-pocket payment in almost every trip for treatment.", "rel": "step", "from": "out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "What a payer will refund, and the gap that becomes this.", "rel": "term", "from": "out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "The gate that decides whether a bill is covered at all, and so whether it lands here.", "rel": "term", "from": "out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The companion series: what a country spends per person, beside how much of it households pay directly.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form of price this money usually buys.", "rel": "term", "from": "out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "bundled-payment", "type": "term", "name": "Bundled payment", "as": "The payer's version of the same idea: one price for an episode, set by an insurer instead of by a seller.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "package-price" }, { "to": "case-rate", "type": "term", "name": "Case rate", "as": "The trade term for the flat fee a package is built out of.", "rel": "term", "from": "package-price" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step in the journey where this form of price is actually read.", "rel": "step", "from": "package-price" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The commonest missing line, and the reason two package prices are not comparable.", "rel": "risk", "from": "package-price" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Where a package number is first put in front of a patient.", "rel": "step", "from": "package-price" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation whose package this record reads, implant excluded.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "package-price" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The instrument this word carries, with its dates and its articles.", "rel": "rule", "from": "patient-mobility" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The other rail: authorisation first, then treatment on the host state's public terms.", "rel": "rule", "from": "patient-mobility" }, { "to": "tariff", "type": "term", "name": "Tariff", "as": "The home-state schedule a reimbursement is capped at.", "rel": "term", "from": "patient-mobility" }, { "to": "prior-authorisation", "type": "term", "name": "Prior authorisation", "as": "The gate Article 8 allows a member state to keep, and the four grounds for it.", "rel": "term", "from": "patient-mobility" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The wider name for the same movement outside any reimbursement scheme.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "patient-mobility" }, { "to": "eu-national-contact-points", "type": "org", "name": "EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare", "as": "The network the directive created to answer the questions this word raises.", "rel": "org", "from": "patient-mobility" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "What a bill becomes when this gate is closed, or when it never applied.", "rel": "term", "from": "prior-authorisation" }, { "to": "co-payment", "type": "term", "name": "Co-payment", "as": "What remains owed once the gate has been passed.", "rel": "term", "from": "prior-authorisation" }, { "to": "knee-arthroscopy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Knee arthroscopy", "as": "The operation where a payer wrote a contested indication into the schedule itself.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "prior-authorisation" }, { "to": "disc-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Artificial disc replacement", "as": "Five written eligibility conditions, which is what this gate looks like in a fee schedule.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "prior-authorisation" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "The European scheme with its own prior approval, which does cross a border.", "rel": "term", "from": "prior-authorisation" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "The step a refusal usually starts.", "rel": "step", "from": "prior-authorisation" }, { "to": "repatriation-cost", "type": "risk", "name": "Repatriation and medical evacuation cost", "as": "The risk record behind this word, with the CDC range and who decides.", "rel": "risk", "from": "repatriation" }, { "to": "the-flight-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "The flight home", "as": "The step this word replaces when the patient cannot board.", "rel": "step", "from": "repatriation" }, { "to": "flying-after-surgery", "type": "risk", "name": "Flying after surgery", "as": "The clinical reason a commercial seat is refused in the first place.", "rel": "risk", "from": "repatriation" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "What the bill becomes where the policy does not answer.", "rel": "term", "from": "repatriation" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "Where the cover for this is either found or not found.", "rel": "step", "from": "repatriation" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment most of these journeys are made for.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "reproductive-exile" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The same journeys named from the law's side rather than the patient's.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "reproductive-exile" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The treatment where an anonymity or payment rule most often forces the crossing.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "reproductive-exile" }, { "to": "eshre", "type": "org", "name": "European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology", "as": "The society whose taskforce adopted the compromise phrase and whose registry counts the cycles.", "rel": "org", "from": "reproductive-exile" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "The rule that decides which country a patient must leave.", "rel": "rule", "from": "reproductive-exile" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word this one was coined against.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "reproductive-exile" }, { "to": "cycle", "type": "term", "name": "Cycle", "as": "The unit these journeys are counted and sold in.", "rel": "term", "from": "reproductive-exile" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The risk this word names, with the published ledgers behind it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "revision" }, { "to": "rhinoplasty", "type": "procedure", "name": "Rhinoplasty", "as": "The face operation revised more often than any other, and the first price never covers it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "revision" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The space a revision falls into when nobody at home agreed to see the patient.", "rel": "risk", "from": "revision" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form of price whose revision clause is the fine print that matters most.", "rel": "term", "from": "revision" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "The step in the journey this word belongs to.", "rel": "step", "from": "revision" }, { "to": "drg", "type": "term", "name": "DRG", "as": "The case-based unit most modern hospital tariffs are built on.", "rel": "term", "from": "tariff" }, { "to": "case-rate", "type": "term", "name": "Case rate", "as": "The same idea sold privately: one agreed amount for one episode.", "rel": "term", "from": "tariff" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "What the gap between a tariff and a bill becomes.", "rel": "term", "from": "tariff" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "The European scheme that refunds a patient at the home state's tariff, not the foreign one.", "rel": "term", "from": "tariff" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The operation whose schedule fee this record reads.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "tariff" }, { "to": "health-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Health tourism", "as": "The administrative word that counts this category and surgery in one total.", "rel": "whole", "from": "wellness-travel" }, { "to": "panchakarma", "type": "procedure", "name": "Panchakarma", "as": "A course this site treats as a procedure and the sector counts as a retreat.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "wellness-travel" }, { "to": "executive-health-screening", "type": "procedure", "name": "Executive health screening", "as": "The other product sold to people who are not ill.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "wellness-travel" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The traffic this one is routinely added to, and should not be.", "rel": "contrast", "from": "wellness-travel" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Where the arithmetic of these categories is taken apart.", "rel": "story", "from": "wellness-travel" }, { "to": "hfea-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "HFEA fertility treatment results", "as": "The British counterpart: a register with a statute behind it, publishing rates and warning against comparing them.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "cdc-art-results" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment counted, cycle by cycle.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cdc-art-results" }, { "to": "icsi", "type": "procedure", "name": "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection", "as": "Counted inside the same cycles, as a laboratory method rather than a separate treatment.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cdc-art-results" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Reported separately in the clinic tables, because donor cycles carry different rates.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "cdc-art-results" }, { "to": "united-states", "type": "destination", "name": "United States", "as": "The country the register covers, and the largest source market for fertility travel in this directory.", "rel": "destination", "from": "cdc-art-results" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A mandatory national register that still cannot see a patient who left.", "rel": "story", "from": "cdc-art-results" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "What a package price is quoted in, before this table touches it.", "rel": "term", "from": "exchange-rate-table" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "The conversion is one of the several steps between a published figure and what somebody pays.", "rel": "story", "from": "exchange-rate-table" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "Every comparison on that page passes through this table and inherits its date.", "rel": "story", "from": "exchange-rate-table" }, { "to": "how-this-was-built", "type": "story", "name": "How this was built", "as": "Why a rate is fetched once and stamped rather than looked up live.", "rel": "story", "from": "exchange-rate-table" }, { "to": "hfea", "type": "org", "name": "Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority", "as": "The regulator that keeps the register, licenses the clinics and publishes the table.", "rel": "org", "from": "hfea-results" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "The treatment counted, cycle by cycle, since 1991.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "hfea-results" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The American counterpart: mandatory reporting, clinic-level rates, and the same warning against comparing clinics.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "hfea-results" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The word for the patients who leave, and who leave no record behind them.", "rel": "term", "from": "hfea-results" }, { "to": "north-cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Northern Cyprus", "as": "A destination British patients travel to, and one this register cannot see.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hfea-results" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A register that counts arrivals into one country and nothing leaving it.", "rel": "story", "from": "hfea-results" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The jurisdiction the register covers, clinic by clinic.", "rel": "destination", "from": "hfea-results" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The body that keeps the list, sells the standards and takes the fee.", "rel": "org", "from": "jci-accredited-list" }, { "to": "the-accreditation-question", "type": "story", "name": "The accreditation question", "as": "What a bought inspection proves, argued at length.", "rel": "story", "from": "jci-accredited-list" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "On the list since 2002, the first hospital in Asia to be.", "rel": "facility", "from": "jci-accredited-list" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The opposite selection problem: a map of who got mapped, against a register of who applied.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "jci-accredited-list" }, { "to": "temos", "type": "org", "name": "Temos International Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "A rival register, built for facilities treating international patients.", "rel": "org", "from": "jci-accredited-list" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "The body that accredits the accreditors, and the answer to who audits this register.", "rel": "org", "from": "jci-accredited-list" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "What the outlines are coloured by, joined on the country code.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "natural-earth-countries" }, { "to": "north-cyprus", "type": "destination", "name": "Northern Cyprus", "as": "Carried here under a placeholder code, and therefore absent from every series keyed on ISO.", "rel": "measures", "from": "natural-earth-countries" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The other map layer: this one draws countries, that one draws the clinics inside nine of them.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "natural-earth-countries" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A country that has no code has no row, and a missing row looks like an empty country.", "rel": "story", "from": "natural-earth-countries" }, { "to": "how-this-was-built", "type": "story", "name": "How this was built", "as": "The simplification, the rounding and the five patched codes are all in the method.", "rel": "story", "from": "natural-earth-countries" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "One of the seven procedures, and the one this site prices most closely.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "oecd-waiting-times" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "The shortest queue in the series and the commonest operation in it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "oecd-waiting-times" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Reports only the census measure, 185 days median for a knee in 2024, so it compares with nobody who reports the other.", "rel": "measures", "from": "oecd-waiting-times" }, { "to": "s2-route", "type": "rule", "name": "The S2 route", "as": "The entitlement a long queue can turn into a funded trip across a European border.", "rel": "rule", "from": "oecd-waiting-times" }, { "to": "eu-directive-2011-24", "type": "rule", "name": "Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare", "as": "The instrument that lets a patient leave the queue and claim the home tariff back.", "rel": "rule", "from": "oecd-waiting-times" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The other half of the comparison: the wait at home against the fee abroad.", "rel": "story", "from": "oecd-waiting-times" }, { "to": "oecd", "type": "org", "name": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development", "as": "The publisher, and the same body that measured how little of this trade the health accounts can see.", "rel": "org", "from": "oecd-waiting-times" }, { "to": "bangkok", "type": "hub", "name": "Bangkok", "as": "521 rows inside 25 km of the hub's point, against Bengaluru's 2,548 inside the same radius.", "rel": "measures", "from": "osm-facilities" }, { "to": "bengaluru", "type": "hub", "name": "Bengaluru", "as": "The largest harvest on this site at 2,548 rows, and a lesson in reading map coverage as medical density.", "rel": "measures", "from": "osm-facilities" }, { "to": "istanbul", "type": "hub", "name": "Istanbul", "as": "1,297 rows inside 30 km, in the city with the loudest advertising in this trade.", "rel": "measures", "from": "osm-facilities" }, { "to": "jci-accredited-list", "type": "dataset", "name": "The JCI list of accredited organizations", "as": "The opposite selection: a register of who applied and paid, against a map of who got mapped.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "osm-facilities" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Absence of mapping, read as absence of a hospital, is the commonest mistake this file invites.", "rel": "story", "from": "osm-facilities" }, { "to": "how-this-was-built", "type": "story", "name": "How this was built", "as": "The Overpass query, the radii and the tag list are all in the method.", "rel": "story", "from": "osm-facilities" }, { "to": "who", "type": "org", "name": "World Health Organization", "as": "The publisher, in its own record.", "rel": "org", "from": "who-global-health-observatory" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The republished form most of this site actually reads, with the country codes attached.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "who-global-health-observatory" }, { "to": "world-bank-out-of-pocket", "type": "dataset", "name": "Out-of-pocket share of health spending", "as": "Comes through the same WHO expenditure database, and inherits the same caveat.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "who-global-health-observatory" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "A repository of a thousand indicators with no field for a patient who travelled.", "rel": "story", "from": "who-global-health-observatory" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "The gap is structural, not an oversight: nobody collects it.", "rel": "story", "from": "who-global-health-observatory" }, { "to": "world-bank-doctors", "type": "dataset", "name": "Physicians per 1,000 people", "as": "The staff number beside this one, counted per thousand the same way.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "world-bank-beds" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "What the country spends, against what it has built.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "world-bank-beds" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "12.81 beds per 1,000 in 2022, the highest national figure among this site's destinations.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-beds" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "1.59 per 1,000 in 2021, in the country with the largest private hospital export trade in this directory.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-beds" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "Twenty-seven countries with no value, and a South African figure dated 2010.", "rel": "story", "from": "world-bank-beds" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The money series beside this one, from the same publisher and with the same year-by-country problem.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "world-bank-doctors" }, { "to": "world-bank-beds", "type": "dataset", "name": "Hospital beds per 1,000 people", "as": "The other capacity number, counted per thousand the same way and just as blind to where the beds are.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "world-bank-doctors" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "0.54 physicians per 1,000 in 2021, in a country that sells surgery to foreigners.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-doctors" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "0.72 per 1,000 in 2020, the lowest of the large destinations in this series.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-doctors" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A national average over a population is the clearest case of it.", "rel": "story", "from": "world-bank-doctors" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "One of 193 countries carrying a value in this series.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-health-spending" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The same problem one layer up: what a health number counts is rarely what a reader assumes.", "rel": "story", "from": "world-bank-health-spending" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The amount this one is a share of.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "world-bank-out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "out-of-pocket", "type": "term", "name": "Out-of-pocket", "as": "The word, and what the accounts mean by it.", "rel": "term", "from": "world-bank-out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "43.89% in 2023, in a country that is both a destination and a large source of outbound patients.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "nigeria", "type": "destination", "name": "Nigeria", "as": "71.90% in 2023, in the country this directory treats as an outbound market first.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The share a household already pays at home is where the comparison starts.", "rel": "story", "from": "world-bank-out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "oecd", "type": "org", "name": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development", "as": "Whose 2011 report measured what this indicator cannot: the trade across the border.", "rel": "org", "from": "world-bank-out-of-pocket" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The story this series is the main exhibit in: what an arrivals figure will and will not carry.", "rel": "story", "from": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The money series beside it, and the one that also cannot see a foreign patient.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "51,128,000 arrivals in 2020, in the country whose dental trade mostly walks across a line.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "39,916,000 arrivals in 2019, the figure most often repurposed as a medical-travel total.", "rel": "measures", "from": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "A table with no field for why anyone came.", "rel": "story", "from": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word whose market-size claims are built on numbers of this shape.", "rel": "term", "from": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "The word, its root, and the paper that named the category in 2012.", "rel": "term", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "surrogacy-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "as": "Where the residence requirement is clearest: every EU state that legislated for it requires somebody to live there.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "assisted-dying-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "as": "Three different ways of writing a residence gate, and the one omission that is not one.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "abortion-travel-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Travelling for a termination", "as": "The two statutes that bar a non-resident on their face, and the waiting periods that do it without saying so.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "donor-anonymity-law", "type": "rule", "name": "Donor anonymity", "as": "Spain's compulsory anonymity against Britain's identity release, and the registry that did not ask why.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "transplant-prohibition", "type": "rule", "name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "as": "Where the international text draws the line at payment rather than at the border.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "gender-affirming-care-access", "type": "rule", "name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "as": "Where the gate is a court's permission at the destination, and whether it binds a foreign patient is unread.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "stem-cell-regulation", "type": "rule", "name": "Regulating cell and tissue therapies", "as": "The other direction: a clinic that cannot satisfy one national regime moves to a jurisdiction with none.", "rel": "rule", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The name proposed for the patients this page describes, and the argument over whether it overstates compulsion.", "rel": "term", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "surrogacy", "type": "procedure", "name": "Surrogacy", "as": "The arrangement where the law does not change the price but decides whether the thing exists.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "The treatment whose destination is chosen by a rule about the donor rather than by a price.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "spain", "type": "destination", "name": "Spain", "as": "The largest egg-donation destination in Europe, running the opposite anonymity rule to most of its neighbours.", "rel": "destination", "from": "circumvention" }, { "to": "malaysia", "type": "destination", "name": "Malaysia", "as": "The council series that runs from 641,000 to 1.6 million without publishing a definition.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "south-korea", "type": "destination", "name": "South Korea", "as": "The compulsory register, and the one national figure here with a stated counting rule.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "khidi", "type": "org", "name": "Korea Health Industry Development Institute", "as": "The institute that compiles the Korean returns and states the count excludes repeat visits.", "rel": "org", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "The emirate figure whose own breakdown — 29 per cent dentistry, 27 per cent dermatology — says what it counts.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "philippines", "type": "destination", "name": "Philippines", "as": "The government research body that rated its own database very weak and published no total.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "The border exit survey of stated purpose, 250,401 of it citizens resident abroad.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "Arrivals counted by visa purpose, so a patient who returns is two.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "singapore", "type": "destination", "name": "Singapore", "as": "The year an exit survey and the hospitals' own admissions moved in opposite directions.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "jordan", "type": "destination", "name": "Jordan", "as": "Counted by the hospitals that billed them, three quarters of it outpatient work.", "rel": "destination", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "mhtc", "type": "org", "name": "Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council", "as": "The council whose membership list is a marketing roster rather than a register of who may operate.", "rel": "org", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals", "type": "dataset", "name": "International arrivals", "as": "The arrivals series with no purpose field at all, which is why it cannot be used here.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "The same problem across every series this site draws a chart from.", "rel": "story", "from": "counting-patients" }, { "to": "what-the-data-cannot-see", "type": "story", "name": "What the data cannot see", "as": "The thirteen series this method draws on, and the sentence each of them cannot answer.", "rel": "story", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "natural-earth-countries", "type": "dataset", "name": "Natural Earth country outlines", "as": "The geometry every Equal Earth map is drawn from, and the codes that drop out of it.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "exchange-rate-table", "type": "dataset", "name": "The dated exchange rate table", "as": "The one dated rate table every dollar figure on the site passes through.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "The harvest that supplies the hub maps, under ODbL with attribution.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "The series behind the first world map, and the exemplar record this schema was written against.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The price rule applied end to end to one operation.", "rel": "story", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "Why every price row carries the seller's own exclusion list.", "rel": "story", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "circumvention", "type": "story", "name": "Circumvention", "as": "The law rule applied across six subjects, one named instrument at a time.", "rel": "story", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "Why a headline volume figure is never carried here without its unit and its collector.", "rel": "story", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "the-word-itself", "type": "story", "name": "The word itself", "as": "The naming rule this method enforces, and where the argument over it is set out.", "rel": "story", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form most prices here take, and the reason two of them cannot be subtracted.", "rel": "term", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "jci-accredited-list", "type": "dataset", "name": "The JCI list of accredited organizations", "as": "Counted and never weighted, which is a rule rather than a judgement about any hospital.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "how-this-was-built" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation worked end to end on this page.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Publishes the Bangkok package that forms one half of the comparison.", "rel": "facility", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "The same arithmetic on the other joint, where the facilitator's advertised range nearly meets the English list price.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The unpriced line the whole comparison turns on.", "rel": "risk", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "the-price-that-isnt", "type": "story", "name": "The price that isn't", "as": "The companion piece: the exclusion lists themselves, across every procedure on this site.", "rel": "story", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The form of price this comparison is made of, and why two of them cannot be subtracted.", "rel": "term", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step in the journey where the nine excluded lines are found, when they are found.", "rel": "step", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "exchange-rate-table", "type": "dataset", "name": "The dated exchange rate table", "as": "The one dated rate table every dollar figure here passes through.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "the-follow-up-nobody-books", "type": "story", "name": "The follow-up nobody books", "as": "The longer piece on the last line of the sum, and who ends up paying it.", "rel": "story", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Where the self-pay list price on this page is published.", "rel": "place", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "thailand", "type": "destination", "name": "Thailand", "as": "Where the package price on this page is sold.", "rel": "place", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "The step where a headline number arrives and the device price does not.", "rel": "step", "from": "is-it-cheaper" }, { "to": "jci", "type": "org", "name": "Joint Commission International", "as": "The mark most often named, at a stated average of 46,000 dollars a year, surveyed on an agreed date.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "isqua-ieea", "type": "org", "name": "ISQua External Evaluation Association", "as": "The body that assesses the bodies, and the only dated third-party check on a badge wall.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "jci-accredited-list", "type": "dataset", "name": "The JCI list of accredited organizations", "as": "The register itself, and the sentence saying what it does not hold.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "temos", "type": "org", "name": "Temos International Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "Publishes its fee table, and puts the assessors' travel on the applicant.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "gha", "type": "org", "name": "Global Healthcare Accreditation", "as": "Surveys the journey rather than the ward, which is why its mark is not a substitute for a clinical one.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "cbahi", "type": "org", "name": "Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions", "as": "Mandatory rather than voluntary, so its mark is evidence of a floor rather than of a choice.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "nabh", "type": "org", "name": "National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers", "as": "A national scheme with domestic reimbursement attached, reassessed every two years.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "dnv-healthcare", "type": "org", "name": "DNV Healthcare", "as": "Surveys annually and audits a management system, which is a narrower question.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "achsi", "type": "org", "name": "ACHS International", "as": "A regulator's partner at home and a vendor abroad, selling the same standards into systems with nothing behind them.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "promed", "type": "org", "name": "PROMED", "as": "A membership seal from a body its members pay, in a scheme that also admits hotels.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "imtj", "type": "org", "name": "International Medical Travel Journal", "as": "Runs a paid-entry trade award that is routinely counted beside an inspection.", "rel": "org", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "bumrungrad", "type": "facility", "name": "Bumrungrad International Hospital", "as": "Took the mark in 2002, early for Asia, and states it in its own footer.", "rel": "facility", "from": "the-accreditation-question" }, { "to": "follow-up-gap", "type": "risk", "name": "The follow-up gap", "as": "The risk record for the interval this piece is about, and the recording rates inside it.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "revision-at-home", "type": "risk", "name": "Revision at home", "as": "The five UK ledgers in full, with each series and its period.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "aftercare-at-home", "type": "pathway", "name": "Aftercare at home", "as": "The step in the journey that this is the failure of.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "the-discharge-summary", "type": "pathway", "name": "The discharge summary", "as": "The document that would close the gap, when it exists and is in a language the next clinician reads.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "when-it-goes-wrong", "type": "pathway", "name": "When it goes wrong", "as": "Where the patient goes at week three, and who is on take.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "malpractice-recourse", "type": "risk", "name": "Malpractice recourse across a border", "as": "Without the surgeon's name, recorded for none of 25 patients in one series, there is no defendant.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "turkiye", "type": "destination", "name": "Türkiye", "as": "Named as the country of the first operation in most of the UK and Australian series.", "rel": "destination", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "The system that published its own ledgers, which is the only reason this page has numbers.", "rel": "destination", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "australia", "type": "destination", "name": "Australia", "as": "Where the newest series puts the median interval before presentation at 3.8 weeks.", "rel": "destination", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "Where the largest per-patient charge in this file originated, in bariatric work counted from San Diego.", "rel": "destination", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "bbl", "type": "procedure", "name": "Gluteal fat grafting", "as": "Gluteal augmentation was the commonest procedure and the source of every major complication in two series.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The comparison this is the missing last term of.", "rel": "story", "from": "the-follow-up-nobody-books" }, { "to": "implant-excluded", "type": "risk", "name": "The implant is excluded", "as": "The risk record for the single commonest missing line, worked on the knee package.", "rel": "risk", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "package-price", "type": "term", "name": "Package price", "as": "The word, its root, and why two packages cannot be subtracted from one another.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The same exclusions carried through one comparison to a ratio.", "rel": "story", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "reading-the-exclusions", "type": "pathway", "name": "Reading the exclusions", "as": "The step where this is caught, against a second exclusion list written by an insurer.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "egg-donation", "type": "procedure", "name": "Egg donation", "as": "Where the cheapest donor-egg line on the page excludes the donor eggs.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "gastric-sleeve", "type": "procedure", "name": "Sleeve gastrectomy", "as": "Where lifetime daily multivitamins sit in the exclusions of an operation that requires them.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "ivf", "type": "procedure", "name": "In vitro fertilisation", "as": "Where the drugs are the missing line, at 1,500 to over 7,000 dollars on one clinic's own page.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "all-on-four", "type": "procedure", "name": "All-on-4", "as": "Where the excluded item is the other half of the mouth.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "dental-implant", "type": "procedure", "name": "Dental implant", "as": "Four price lines to finish one tooth, on a page that says so.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "pgt", "type": "procedure", "name": "Preimplantation genetic testing", "as": "Priced per embryo, so six embryos cost more than the cycle that made them.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "getting-a-quote", "type": "pathway", "name": "Getting a quote", "as": "Where the headline number arrives and the excluded lines do not.", "rel": "step", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation whose package names the exclusion in its own title.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "the-price-that-isnt" }, { "to": "medical-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Medical tourism", "as": "The word's own page, where the fight over it is the subject and the objections are quoted with their speakers.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "medical-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Medical travel", "as": "The name this site uses, and the trade's own substitute since about 2009.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "health-tourism", "type": "term", "name": "Health tourism", "as": "The widest category, and the one usually sitting behind a very large national figure.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "patient-mobility", "type": "term", "name": "Patient mobility", "as": "Brussels administrative language for an entitlement, with a directive behind it.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "wellness-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Wellness travel", "as": "Defined by motive, counting secondary motive and whole-trip spending.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "circumvention-travel", "type": "term", "name": "Circumvention travel", "as": "A name for a legal difference rather than for a motive.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "reproductive-exile", "type": "term", "name": "Reproductive exile", "as": "The name proposed as a correction, and rejected in the same journal issue as overstating compulsion.", "rel": "term", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "What happens downstream: the word chosen decides the category, and the category decides the count.", "rel": "story", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "how-this-was-built", "type": "story", "name": "How this was built", "as": "Where this rule is enforced, alongside the rest of the editorial rules.", "rel": "story", "from": "the-word-itself" }, { "to": "united-kingdom", "type": "destination", "name": "United Kingdom", "as": "Publishes its queue monthly, which is why it is the one this piece reads first.", "rel": "destination", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "canada", "type": "destination", "name": "Canada", "as": "Measures the same thing as a share inside a benchmark, which reads better until you take the complement.", "rel": "destination", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series, and the sentence about where its clock starts.", "rel": "measured-by", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "knee-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total knee replacement", "as": "The operation the queue sends abroad more than any other.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "hip-replacement", "type": "procedure", "name": "Total hip replacement", "as": "Its twin on every waiting list that publishes one.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "cataract-surgery", "type": "procedure", "name": "Cataract surgery", "as": "The highest-volume operation in the world, and a queue in most systems that fund it.", "rel": "procedure", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "deciding-whether", "type": "pathway", "name": "Deciding whether to go", "as": "The step where the calendar, rather than the price, is usually what decides it.", "rel": "step", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "is-it-cheaper", "type": "story", "name": "Is it cheaper", "as": "The money question this one sits behind.", "rel": "story", "from": "waiting-lists" }, { "to": "world-bank-health-spending", "type": "dataset", "name": "Current health expenditure per person", "as": "Excludes anything a foreign patient pays, which is the flow this site is about.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "world-bank-tourism-arrivals", "type": "dataset", "name": "International arrivals", "as": "Counts crossings with no purpose field, and misses the land border entirely where a country reports air arrivals only.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "oecd-waiting-times", "type": "dataset", "name": "OECD waiting times for elective surgery", "as": "The series closest to the motive, and the one that removes everybody who left the list.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "hfea-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "HFEA fertility treatment results", "as": "Holds every licensed UK cycle and nothing done abroad, which is the flow by definition.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "cdc-art-results", "type": "dataset", "name": "CDC assisted reproductive technology results", "as": "The same boundary in the United States, with its own limits stated by the agency.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "world-bank-beds", "type": "dataset", "name": "Hospital beds per 1,000 people", "as": "Cannot say whether a bed is staffed, or which side of the system it sits on.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "world-bank-doctors", "type": "dataset", "name": "Physicians per 1,000 people", "as": "Cannot say where the doctors are, or which of them ever sees a visiting patient.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "who-global-health-observatory", "type": "dataset", "name": "WHO Global Health Observatory", "as": "Three thousand indicators, none of which counts a foreign patient.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "jci-accredited-list", "type": "dataset", "name": "The JCI list of accredited organizations", "as": "A register of purchased inspections, with no outcome, no price and no history of the lapsed.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "osm-facilities", "type": "dataset", "name": "OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries", "as": "Where absence is absence of mapping, and a row proves only that somebody typed a name.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "natural-earth-countries", "type": "dataset", "name": "Natural Earth country outlines", "as": "The geometry every map joins through, and the codes that drop out of it silently.", "rel": "dataset", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "The same problem one layer up, in the figures destinations publish about themselves.", "rel": "story", "from": "what-the-data-cannot-see" }, { "to": "jordan", "type": "destination", "name": "Jordan", "as": "The trade built on other countries' wars, where the binding constraint is a visa rather than a price.", "rel": "destination", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "uae", "type": "destination", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "as": "Buys care abroad for its own nationals under a bylaw that sets the escort's daily allowance by destination.", "rel": "destination", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "gcc-sponsored-treatment-abroad", "type": "rule", "name": "Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad", "as": "The rule record for the state-as-buyer route, with the resolution named and dated.", "rel": "rule", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "india", "type": "destination", "name": "India", "as": "The receiving state that counts by source country, which is why the regional shape of this trade is visible at all.", "rel": "destination", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "kenya", "type": "destination", "name": "Kenya", "as": "India's seventh-largest source, counted at the Indian border rather than the Kenyan one.", "rel": "destination", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "nigeria", "type": "destination", "name": "Nigeria", "as": "The outflow whose published quantities disagree with each other by a factor of two.", "rel": "destination", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "israel", "type": "destination", "name": "Israel", "as": "Where reaching a hospital is decided by a permit, and the permits are counted by WHO.", "rel": "destination", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "mexico", "type": "destination", "name": "Mexico", "as": "The one flow that resembles the brochure, and the one whose tail is counted from the other side of the border.", "rel": "destination", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "los-algodones", "type": "hub", "name": "Los Algodones", "as": "A town of 5,474 with more than 500 dentists in four blocks, reached on foot.", "rel": "hub", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "amman", "type": "hub", "name": "Amman", "as": "Where the regional flow lands, and why it went there rather than to Delhi: the staff and the patient share a language.", "rel": "hub", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "the-visa", "type": "pathway", "name": "The visa", "as": "The step that decides most of this, and the one no price page prices.", "rel": "step", "from": "who-travels" }, { "to": "counting-patients", "type": "story", "name": "Counting patients", "as": "What each of these figures actually counts, set out one instrument at a time.", "rel": "story", "from": "who-travels" } ] }