{ "built": "2026-09-18", "subjects": [ "abortion-travel-law", "assisted-dying-law", "cyprus", "donor-anonymity-law", "gender-affirming-care-access", "north-cyprus", "portugal", "surrogacy-law", "transplant-prohibition" ], "countries": [ "AE", "AR", "AT", "AU", "BE", "CA", "CH", "CN", "CO", "CR", "CY", "CZ", "DE", "EG", "ES", "FI", "FR", "GB", "GE", "GR", "HR", "HU", "ID", "IE", "IL", "IN", "IR", "IT", "JO", "JP", "KR", "LK", "LT", "LU", "MX", "MY", "NL", "NP", "NZ", "PH", "PK", "PL", "PT", "RO", "RU", "SA", "SE", "SG", "TH", "TN", "TR", "UA", "US", "XN", "ZA" ], "count": 151, "statuses": { "lawful": "lawful for a visitor", "lawful-with-conditions": "lawful, with conditions named in the row", "residents-only": "lawful, but not for a non-resident", "unlawful": "prohibited", "unregulated": "no instrument either way", "no-data": "nobody here has read the law" }, "note": "A row is a reading of one named instrument on one date. Law moves; a row older than its country's last reform is wrong, and the date is printed beside every cell so a reader can see how old it is. Nothing here is legal advice.", "rows": [ { "subject": "cyprus", "subject_type": "destination", "subject_name": "Cyprus", "country": "CY", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Medically assisted reproduction is regulated by statute and practised through units working under the framework the Council of Medically Assisted Reproduction publishes; the terms have been amended four times since 2015.", "instrument": "Medically Assisted Reproduction Law 69(I)/2015, as amended by 194(I)/2015, 92(I)/2016, 113(I)/2018 and 166(I)/2023", "as_of": "2026-09-16", "source": "s:cmar-cyprus", "url": "https://cmar.org.cy/en/law_eng/", "note": "the Council's own legal-framework page names the law and its amendments. This row records that the statute governs and is current; the detailed conditions inside it are for the donor-anonymity and surrogacy rule records, each with its own reading and date." }, { "subject": "north-cyprus", "subject_type": "destination", "subject_name": "Northern Cyprus", "country": "XN", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Assisted reproduction centres operate under the Turkish Cypriot Ministry of Health, which publishes a regulation numbered 381/2016 made under Article 32 of the law on those centres. The regulation's terms were not read for this record: the ministry's copy is a scan.", "instrument": "Üremeye Yardımcı Tedavi Merkezleri regulation 381/2016, made under Article 32 of the assisted reproduction centres law, Ministry of Health, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", "as_of": "2026-09-16", "source": "s:trnc-moh-art-tuzuk", "url": "https://saglik.gov.ct.tr/Portals/9/Uremeye_Yardimci_Tedavi_Merkezleri_381-2016_Madde_32_Altinda_Yapilan_Tuzuk.pdf", "note": "the row records that a licensing regime exists and who runs it. It does not state what is permitted under it, and it should not be read as saying any particular treatment is lawful here." }, { "subject": "portugal", "subject_type": "destination", "subject_name": "Portugal", "country": "PT", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Medically assisted procreation is governed by Law 32/2006 as amended; in Ruling 225/2018 the Constitutional Court considered the surrogacy and donor-anonymity provisions of that law against the constitutional right to know one's origins.", "instrument": "Law 32/2006 on medically assisted procreation, as amended by Laws 17/2016 and 25/2016; Constitutional Court Ruling 225/2018", "as_of": "2018", "source": "s:tc-portugal-225-2018", "url": "https://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/tc/en/acordaos/20180225.html", "note": "read from the court's own English summary page. The row is dated 2018 and later amendments to the law are not read here; a stale row is a wrong row, and the donor-anonymity rule record carries its own reading." }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "NL", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Wet afbreking zwangerschap (Wet van 1 mei 1981), articles 3 and 6, as amended in 2022", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:nl-abortion-act-1981", "url": "", "note": "No week limit in the Act itself and no residence or nationality bar; the word woonplaats appears only in the article 11 statistical reporting. The fixed five-day waiting period was removed by the Act of 22 August 2022 and the doctor and the woman now set the term together." }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "GB", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Grounds-based: two registered medical practitioners must be of the opinion, formed in good faith, that a ground is met, and the treatment must be at an approved place. Ground (a) runs to 24 weeks. There is no residence or nationality requirement anywhere in section 1.", "instrument": "Abortion Act 1967, section 1", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:uk-abortion-act-1967", "url": "", "note": "Section 7(3): the Act does not extend to Northern Ireland, which has its own arrangements." }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "CZ", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "Twelve weeks on written request for a resident — but § 10 bars the procedure for foreign women who are in the country only temporarily. A second termination within six months is also barred.", "instrument": "Zákon č. 66/1986 Sb., o umělém přerušení těhotenství, §§ 4 and 10", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:cz-act-66-1986", "url": "", "note": "The text is unamended and in force. The WHO Global Abortion Policies Database's additional-restrictions note for Czechia records the six-month rule and physician refusal but not § 10; the statute was read directly for this row." }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "SG", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "Twenty-four weeks, but section 3 confines treatment to citizens, wives of citizens, work-pass holders and their wives, or a person resident in Singapore for at least four months immediately preceding — the only exception being where the procedure is necessary to save the woman's life. A two-day waiting period follows counselling.", "instrument": "Termination of Pregnancy Act 1974, section 3, with the Termination of Pregnancy Regulations 1987", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:sg-termination-act", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/singapore", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "IE", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Twelve weeks, with a waiting period of not less than three days. There is no residence bar on lawfulness — section 20 expressly contemplates a woman who resides outside the State — but free care is confined to the ordinarily resident, which is a funding rule and not a legal one.", "instrument": "Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018, section 12", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ie-termination-act-2018", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "DE", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Twelve weeks, after mandatory counselling and a wait of at least three days before the procedure. No residence condition.", "instrument": "Strafgesetzbuch § 218a, with § 219", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:de-stgb-218a", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "ES", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Fourteen weeks at the woman's request. Article 3.2 extends the rights it sets out to all persons present in Spain.", "instrument": "Ley Orgánica 2/2010, artículos 3, 13 bis y 14", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:es-lo-2-2010", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "FR", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "To the end of the fourteenth week on request; the article carries no residence condition.", "instrument": "Code de la santé publique, article L2212-1, as amended by loi n° 2022-295", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:fr-csp-l2212-1", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "BE", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Twelve weeks from conception, and not until six days after the first consultation.", "instrument": "Loi du 15 octobre 2018 relative à l'interruption volontaire de grossesse, article 2", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:be-abortion-law-2018", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "PT", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Ten weeks by the woman's choice, after a reflection period of not less than three days.", "instrument": "Código Penal, artigo 142.º, as amended by Lei n.º 16/2007", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:pt-codigo-penal-142", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "PL", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Grounds only: danger to life or health, and pregnancy resulting from a criminal act. The fetal-defect ground was struck down by the Constitutional Tribunal in 2020.", "instrument": "Ustawa z dnia 7 stycznia 1993 r. o planowaniu rodziny, ochronie płodu ludzkiego i warunkach dopuszczalności przerywania ciąży (Dz.U. 1993 nr 17 poz. 78)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:pl-family-planning-act-1993", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/poland", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "TR", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Ten weeks on request, and the consent of the husband is required for a married woman.", "instrument": "Nüfus Planlaması Hakkında Kanun (Kanun No. 2827), Madde 5 ve Madde 6", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:tr-law-2827", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/turkey", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "CH", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Twelve weeks from the last menstrual period, on the written request of a woman invoking distress, after an in-depth consultation.", "instrument": "Code pénal suisse, articles 118, 119 et 120", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ch-penal-118-120", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "US", "status": "unregulated", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:us-dobbs-2022", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/united-states-of-america", "note": "Federal position only. There is no federal right and no federal prohibition; state law governs, and the WHO database codes every field for the United States as varying by jurisdiction. This project has read no state statute for this row." }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "ZA", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Twelve weeks at the woman's request. No spousal consent, no parental consent, no counselling requirement, and no citizenship or residence bar recorded.", "instrument": "Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996, as amended in 2008, with Regulation 168 of 1997", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:za-choice-act-1996", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/south-africa", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "TN", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "The first three months on request; no spousal or parental consent recorded.", "instrument": "Code pénal, article 214", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-gapd", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/tunisia", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "IN", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Grounds-based rather than on request. Only the consent of the woman is required; a guardian consents under 18.", "instrument": "The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971, with the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act 2021", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:in-mtp-act-1971", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/india", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "TH", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "On request to 12 weeks. Between 12 and 20 weeks an examination and counselling on alternatives are required under a 2022 decree.", "instrument": "Criminal Code sections 301 and 305, as amended by the Criminal Code Amendment Act (No. 28) B.E. 2564 (2021)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:th-penal-code-301-305", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/thailand", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "JP", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Grounds-based, including economic grounds, and the consent of the spouse is required — waived only where the spouse is unknown, cannot express an intention, or is dead.", "instrument": "母体保護法 (Maternal Health Act, Act No. 156 of 1948), article 14", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:jp-maternal-health-act", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/japan", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "ID", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Rape or sexual violence, or a medical emergency. The husband's permission is required except for victims of rape, and counselling is mandatory.", "instrument": "Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, with PP 28/2024 and the 2023 Criminal Code", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:id-health-law-2023", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/indonesia", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "PH", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Revised Penal Code (1930), articles 256 to 259", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-gapd", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/philippines", "note": "Criminalised in all circumstances; the database records no legal ground." }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "CA", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "No criminal abortion law and no gestational limit in federal law. Provincial insurance coverage varies, which is a funding question rather than a legal bar.", "instrument": "R. v. Morgentaler, [1988] 1 S.C.R. 30, with the Canada Health Act", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ca-morgentaler-1988", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/canada", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "MX", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Federal criminalisation has been struck down, and the position is governed mainly at state level rather than nationally. This project has read no state code.", "instrument": "Federal Penal Code as amended, with Supreme Court decisions 2017/148 (2021) and 267/2023", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-gapd", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/mexico", "note": "" }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "RO", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-gapd", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/romania", "note": "The WHO database codes Romania as grounds-based with termination on request recorded as unavailable, which conflicts with the usual reading of article 201 of the Criminal Code. The Romanian statute database refused the connection on this pass, so the conflict is left open rather than resolved." }, { "subject": "abortion-travel-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Travelling for a termination", "country": "AU", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-gapd", "url": "https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/australia", "note": "State and territory law, not federal. The WHO database codes every field as varying by jurisdiction and lists no state act; no state act was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "CH", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "The article punishes inciting or assisting suicide only where the person acts from a selfish motive. It sets no nationality condition and no residence condition, which is why Switzerland admits people who live elsewhere.", "instrument": "Swiss Criminal Code, Article 115", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ch-criminal-code", "url": "", "note": "Read on this pass at a private reproduction of the statute because the federal portal renders by script; the SR number is therefore not printed from that reading." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "NL", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Six due-care criteria, among them that the physician be satisfied the request is voluntary and well-considered and the suffering unbearable with no prospect of improvement, and that a second independent physician has seen the patient. The Act carries no nationality or residence clause; the gate is the treating relationship those criteria presuppose.", "instrument": "Wet toetsing levensbeëindiging op verzoek en hulp bij zelfdoding, artikel 2", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:nl-euthanasia-act-2002", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "BE", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Adult or emancipated minor, capable and conscious, a voluntary, considered and repeated request, a hopeless medical situation and constant unbearable suffering. No nationality or residence condition appears in the article.", "instrument": "Loi du 28 mai 2002 relative à l'euthanasie, article 3", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:be-euthanasia-law-2002", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "ES", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "Spanish nationality, or lawful residence in Spain, or a municipal register certificate showing more than twelve months in Spanish territory.", "instrument": "Ley Orgánica 3/2021 de regulación de la eutanasia, artículo 5.1.a)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:es-lo-3-2021", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "FR", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "French nationality or stable and regular residence in France, as one of five cumulative conditions.", "instrument": "LOI n° 2026-794 du 18 août 2026 relative à l'aide à mourir, article 4, inserting Code de la santé publique article L. 1111-12-2", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:fr-loi-2026-794", "url": "", "note": "A statute a month old at the date of this reading. Read on this pass by a research agent rather than by the author of this record; treat the article reference as unconfirmed by a second reader." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "CA", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "Eligibility is keyed to entitlement to health services funded by a government in Canada, forgiving only any applicable minimum period of residence or waiting period. A visitor with no provincial entitlement is not reached by that saving clause.", "instrument": "Criminal Code (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46), section 241.2(1)(a)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ca-criminal-code-241-2", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "US", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "The two states read here run opposite rules. Oregon's current text carries no residency clause: the requirement was removed in 2023 after a federal suit settled. California requires the applicant to be a resident of California, proved by a driver's licence or state identification, voter registration, property ownership or lease, or a recent state tax return.", "instrument": "No federal statute read for this row; state law governs. Oregon Death with Dignity Act, ORS 127.805, as amended by Or. Laws 2023 ch. 241 § 2, and California End of Life Option Act, Health and Safety Code § 443.2(a)(3), are the two read here.", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:or-ors-127-805", "url": "", "note": "The federal position and the other states with such statutes were not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "GB", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Suicide Act 1961, section 2, as substituted by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:uk-suicide-act-1961", "url": "", "note": "An act capable of encouraging or assisting suicide, done with intent, is an offence whether or not a suicide follows. Maximum 14 years." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "PT", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "Lei n.º 22/2023 is reported to confine the route to Portuguese nationals and lawful residents, and the regime is reported not to be in force pending regulation, with provisions struck by the Constitutional Court. The statute was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "AT", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The Sterbeverfügungsgesetz is reported to require Austrian citizenship or habitual residence. The federal legal information system returned a server error on this pass and the provision was not read." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "IT", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The position rests on Constitutional Court judgment 242/2019 on article 580 of the Penal Code rather than on a statute. Neither was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "AU", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "State and territory law. Victoria's Act is reported to require Australian citizenship or permanent residence plus twelve months' ordinary residence in the state; no state act was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "NZ", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The End of Life Choice Act 2019 is reported to require New Zealand citizenship or permanent residence; the Act was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "DE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The position rests on a 2020 Federal Constitutional Court ruling; the judgment was not read on this pass and its case number is therefore not printed." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "IE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The Irish statute book refused the connection on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "LU", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The Luxembourg legal portal refused the connection on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "TR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The Turkish legislation portal's certificate could not be verified on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "SG", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "Singapore Statutes Online returned 403 on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "IN", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The position rests on a 2018 Supreme Court judgment permitting the withdrawal of life support rather than assistance in dying; the judgment was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "JP", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "No Japanese instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "KR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "No Korean instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "TH", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "No Thai instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "MX", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "No Mexican instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "CO", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "Colombia's position rests on Constitutional Court decisions and a ministerial resolution; neither was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "assisted-dying-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it", "country": "IL", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:who-guiding-principles", "url": "", "note": "The Israeli health ministry returned an empty response on this pass." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "ES", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Anonymity is compulsory, not optional: the donation is anonymous and the confidentiality of identity data must be guaranteed. Disclosure is possible only exceptionally, in extraordinary circumstances carrying a definite danger to the life or health of the child.", "instrument": "Ley 14/2006 sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida, artículo 5.5", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:es-ley-14-2006", "url": "", "note": "Spain is the largest egg-donation destination in Europe, and this article is one reason. Its national registry recorded 27,564 cycles in 2022 for patients resident in other countries, 52.3% of them using donated eggs." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "GB", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "Anonymity ended for donations made from 1 April 2005. A person conceived from such a donation may obtain non-identifying details at 16 — physical description, year and country of birth — and identifying details at 18, including the donor's full name now and at birth. Donations between 1 August 1991 and 31 March 2005 release non-identifying information only, and nothing is held from before August 1991.", "instrument": "The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (Disclosure of Donor Information) Regulations 2004 (SI 2004/1511)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:uk-donor-info-regs-2004", "url": "", "note": "The Authority's own page is the practical statement of what is released and when." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "DE", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "A national sperm-donor register holds the donor's identity and a person conceived may apply for disclosure from the register.", "instrument": "Samenspenderregistergesetz (SaRegG) § 10", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:de-saregg", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "NL", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "Donor data are held by a statutory foundation and released to the person conceived on request at the age the Act sets.", "instrument": "Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:nl-donor-data-act", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "SE", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "A person conceived by donation who is sufficiently mature has the right to information about the donor.", "instrument": "Lag (2006:351) om genetisk integritet m.m., 6 kap. 5 §", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:se-genetic-integrity-act", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "CZ", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "The provider must preserve mutual anonymity between the anonymous donor and the infertile couple, and between the donor and the child born. Section 6(1) confines treatment to a woman and a man who undergo it together.", "instrument": "Zákon č. 373/2011 Sb., o specifických zdravotních službách, § 10(1)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:cz-act-373-2011", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "PT", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:tc-portugal-225-2018", "url": "", "note": "Two readings conflict and this project has resolved neither. The Constitutional Court's ruling 225/2018 heard a challenge to donor anonymity under article 15 of Lei 32/2006, argued against the child's right to know its origins under article 26 of the Constitution; the ESHRE survey's position at 31 December 2022 groups Portugal with the strict-anonymity states. The Portuguese instrument in its current form was not read." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "FR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "The ESHRE survey lists France in both its strict-anonymity and its identity-release groups at 31 December 2022, which is the year the French change took effect. This project did not read the French instrument and will not resolve the contradiction by guessing which side of it France was on." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "CH", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "The survey's summary groups Switzerland with strict anonymity, which does not match the usual account of Swiss law. No Swiss instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "AT", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "Grouped with strict anonymity in the survey summary read here; no Austrian instrument was read, and the grouping is not relied on." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "GR", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "The survey records Greece as running both anonymous and identity-release options. No Greek article number was read for this row.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "HU", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "The survey records anonymity for sperm donation and identity release for oocyte donation. No Hungarian article number was read for this row.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "BE", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Recorded as a mixed system, with both anonymous and known donation. No Belgian article number was read for this row.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "CY", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022. No Cypriot article number was read for this row.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "HR", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "LT", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "PL", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "RO", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "The survey distinguishes imported gametes, recorded as anonymous, from local donations, recorded as identity-release.", "instrument": "National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "" }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "TR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:eshre-survey-2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11373472/", "note": "Third-party gamete donation is itself unavailable in Türkiye, so the anonymity question does not arise in the form this table asks it. No Turkish instrument was read." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "US", "status": "unregulated", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ecfr-21-1271", "url": "", "note": "No federal instrument requires identity release or guarantees anonymity. 21 CFR Part 1271 governs donor eligibility, screening and testing of human cells and tissues; it is a safety regime, not a parentage or identity one. What a clinic offers is contractual, and commercial DNA databases have made the contract hard to keep." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "IN", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "The Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act 2021 governs donation in India; this project did not read it on this pass." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "TH", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "The 2015 Act prohibits trade in gametes and embryos; its treatment of donor identity was not read." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "ZA", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "No South African instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "donor-anonymity-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Donor anonymity", "country": "AU", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "Donor identity is state law in Australia and Victoria's retrospective release is the most-cited example; no state act was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "TR", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "A court's permission is a precondition of the surgery itself, not only of the later change to the civil register: the applicant must be over 18, unmarried, and hold an official health-council report from a training and research hospital. A second court step follows the surgery for the registry change.", "instrument": "Turkish Civil Code, Article 40", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:tr-civil-code-art-40", "url": "", "note": "The requirement of permanent incapacity to procreate was struck by Constitutional Court decision 2017/165, which this project has not read. Whether Article 40 binds a foreign patient treated in Türkiye is not answered by anything read on this pass, and Türkiye is a destination for this surgery — so this is the gap in the table that matters most." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "GB", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "Adults are not restricted: article 6 permits private supply of these medicines to people aged 18 and over. Article 4 is the general prohibition the exemptions run from.", "instrument": "The Medicines (Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Analogues) (Restrictions on Private Sales and Supplies) Order 2024 (SI 2024/1319)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:uk-gnrh-order-2024", "url": "", "note": "Article 8 bars new private prescriptions of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for puberty suppression in under-18s, except for patients who had started before 3 June 2024 in England, Wales and Scotland or 27 August 2024 in Northern Ireland. Article 5 leaves NHS supply unaffected. The Order carries no expiry; article 9 requires a first review before 1 October 2027 and then at intervals of no more than four years." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "US", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "The Supreme Court held that Tennessee's statute is not subject to heightened scrutiny and satisfies rational-basis review. The Court expressly did not decide the position for adults.", "instrument": "No federal instrument governs adult access; state law governs. United States v. Skrmetti, No. 23-477, decided 18 June 2025.", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:us-skrmetti-2025", "url": "", "note": "For minors, a named tracker with its own date: the Movement Advancement Project records 26 states and one territory banning this care for minors as of 16 September 2026, six of them making it a felony, with enforcement blocked by court rulings in Montana and Kansas at that date." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "AR", "status": "lawful", "conditions": "For adults, informed consent alone: no judicial or administrative authorisation, and the care sits within the compulsory medical programme.", "instrument": "Ley 26.743 de Identidad de Género, artículo 11, as amended by Decreto 62/2025", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ar-decreto-62-2025", "url": "", "note": "Decreto 62/2025, published 6 February 2025, bars hormonal and surgical intervention for under-18s. A federal appeal court in Paraná is reported to have held the decree unconstitutional; this project has not read that judgment." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "ES", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Registered on the strength of a research agent's reading; the article numbers were not re-read at the official gazette by the author of this record.", "instrument": "Ley 4/2023, artículos 16, 17 y 19", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:es-ley-4-2023", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "CZ", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Surgical sex change at 18 or over, on written application and the unanimous positive opinion of an expert commission established by the Ministry of Health, made up of health professionals and a lawyer with knowledge of medical law; the commission must act within three months. Where the patient's legal capacity is restricted a court must also consent. The provisions contemplate an extract from medical records kept in another state, with a certified translation.", "instrument": "Zákon č. 373/2011 Sb., §§ 21 to 23", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:cz-act-373-2011", "url": "", "note": "The reference to foreign medical records is the only thing read on this pass in any of these statutes that speaks to a patient who comes from elsewhere." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "RU", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "Hormone therapy and surgery are prohibited, with an exception only for congenital anomalies of sex formation in children.", "instrument": "Federal Law of 24 July 2023 prohibiting medical interventions aimed at changing sex", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:rferl-russia-gender-law-2023", "url": "", "note": "Read in a news report rather than in the statute. The federal law's number was not confirmed on any page read for this record and is therefore not printed." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "TH", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "No statute governs. A Medical Council of Thailand regulation on gender-affirming healthcare is reported to have taken effect on 15 February 2025, with hormones from 18 and surgery from 20 on the patient's own consent. The regulation itself was not read, and the reports consulted were secondary. Thailand is a long-standing destination for this surgery, so this row is a gap rather than a finding." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "ZA", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "The Alteration of Sex Description and Sex Status Act 49 of 2003 governs legal recognition, not access to care. No instrument governing care was found on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "DE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "Germany's Selbstbestimmungsgesetz governs legal recognition, not access to care. An assessment guideline under the statutory health insurance system was suggested to this project and could not be confirmed at the section cited, so no instrument is named." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "IE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "The Gender Recognition Act 2015 governs recognition, not care." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "NL", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "Care is governed by a professional quality standard rather than a statute; it was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "BE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "Care runs under insurance conventions with named clinics rather than a statute; none was read." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "FR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "No care-specific instrument was found on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "PT", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "Lei n.º 38/2018 was named to this project but its articles were not verified." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "PL", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "No statute was found on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "HU", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "The 2020 amendment governs recognition, not care." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "SE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "Care runs under National Board of Health and Welfare knowledge support documents rather than a statute; they were not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "FI", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "A ministerial decree was named to this project but not read." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "CH", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "The federal law portal renders by script and returned no text on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "IN", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "No Indian instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "IL", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "No Israeli instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "JP", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "No Japanese instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "KR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "No Korean instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "gender-affirming-care-access", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Access to gender-affirming care", "country": "AU", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:map-youth-care-bans", "url": "", "note": "State and territory law; no state instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "GR", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Altruistic only; the intended mother must be medically unable to carry, must reside in Greece, and a family court approves the agreement before embryo transfer. Maximum intended-parent age 50, extendable to 54. The surrogate must be 25 to 50 and may act at most twice. Expenses are capped: EUR 10,000 for physical strain in a single pregnancy, EUR 15,000 for a multiple, and lost income capped at EUR 10,000.", "instrument": "Law 3089/2002 amending the Civil Code, with Law 3305/2005 on medically assisted reproduction", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "81 children were born from surrogacy arrangements in 2022 and 51 in 2023, on the figures the briefing carries." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "CY", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Altruistic only; a special body consents and a family court approves before transfer. The surrogate must normally reside in Cyprus, with one exception: if no surrogate can be found, one residing abroad may be used provided she is in Cyprus from the 28th week.", "instrument": "Medically Assisted Reproduction Law 2015 (69(I)/2015), Articles 22 to 27", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "21 applications in 2022 and 10 in 2023, all approved except one each year. More detailed decrees are envisaged." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "PT", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Altruistic only, and the implementing regulation is still missing: the law entered into force on 1 January 2022, and on 13 January 2024 the President referred a draft regulation back to the government. Without it the route does not run.", "instrument": "Lei 90/2021, amending Lei 32/2006 on medically assisted procreation", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "Two earlier attempts, Lei 25/2016 and its amended successor, were held unconstitutional in rulings 225/2018 and 465/2019, chiefly over the surrogate's inability to withdraw consent." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "IE", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Altruistic only; the relevant sections were not yet in force at the briefing's date. At least one intended parent and the surrogate must have resided in Ireland for two years; intended parents must be 21 or over; at least one must be genetically related to the child; a parental order is made by a court between 28 days and six months after birth.", "instrument": "Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "ES", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Ley 14/2006 sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida, artículo 10", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:es-ley-14-2006", "url": "", "note": "The contract is null of full right, with or without payment, and parentage follows the birth. The same prohibition stood in article 10 of the predecessor Ley 35/1988." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "DE", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Embryonenschutzgesetz § 1(1)(7), with Adoptionsvermittlungsgesetz Article 13c", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "The Embryo Protection Act penalises the medical professional with up to three years; the adoption placement act prohibits the arrangement itself." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "HR", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Article 31 of Law NN 86/12 on medically assisted reproduction", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "LT", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Article 11 of Law XII-2608 on Assisted Reproduction", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "IT", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Article 12(6) of Legge 40/2004", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "Three months to two years' imprisonment. Amended in November 2024 to reach Italian nationals who conclude a surrogacy agreement abroad — the only extraterritorial clause among the Member States the briefing surveys." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "FR", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Code civil, article 16-7", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "Any surrogacy agreement has been null and void since 1994." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "HU", "status": "unlawful", "conditions": "", "instrument": "Implicit prohibition under the assisted reproduction rules, which confine treatment to a marriage or registered partnership", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ep-surrogacy-2025", "url": "", "note": "The briefing groups Hungary with Austria, Estonia, Finland and Sweden as implicit bans and names no article; this project has not read the Hungarian instrument." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "CZ", "status": "unregulated", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:wp-surrogacy-laws", "url": "", "note": "Recorded as unregulated, which means arrangements happen but parentage and enforcement are unsettled. No Czech instrument was read for this row." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "IN", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "Closed to foreign intended parents by definition: section 2(h) defines a couple as \"the legally married Indian man and woman\", and section 2(s) defines an intending woman as an Indian widow or divorcee aged 35 to 45. Altruistic only. A medical indication is required, certified by a District Medical Board; the couple must be married and aged 23 to 50 (female) and 26 to 55 (male); they must have no surviving child; and a magistrate's order on parentage and custody must precede the procedure.", "instrument": "The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 (Act No. 47 of 2021), sections 2(h), 2(r), 2(s) and 4", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:in-surrogacy-act-2021", "url": "", "note": "A couple of Indian origin must obtain a certificate of recommendation from the Board." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "TH", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "The intending parents must be adult Thai citizens, or where only one is Thai must have been married at least three years, and must be a legally married couple whose wife cannot conceive. Commercial surrogacy, trade in gametes and embryos, brokering and promotion are prohibited.", "instrument": "Protection for Children Born through Assisted Reproductive Technologies Act, B.E. 2558 (2015), section 21(1)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:stasi-thailand-art-act-2017", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5753847/", "note": "Enacted 19 February 2015 after a scandal over a surrogate child abandoned by foreign intended parents; in effect 30 July 2015. Surrogacy for profit carries 10 years and up to 200,000 baht; acting as an agent, 5 years and up to 100,000 baht." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "ZA", "status": "residents-only", "conditions": "The agreement must be confirmed by the High Court before artificial fertilisation, and the chapter ties the arrangement to domicile in the Republic.", "instrument": "Children's Act 38 of 2005, Chapter 19 (surrogate motherhood agreements)", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:za-childrens-act-2005", "url": "", "note": "This project read the Act's chapter heading and structure; the domicile subsection was not quoted on this pass." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "GB", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Altruistic only: negotiating a surrogacy arrangement on a commercial basis and advertising are offences under the 1985 Act. The agreement is unenforceable, and parenthood transfers only by a parental order under section 54, which requires at least one applicant to be domiciled in the United Kingdom.", "instrument": "Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985, sections 2 and 3, with the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, section 54", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:uk-surrogacy-act-1985", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "CA", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Paying a surrogate, offering to pay, or advertising such payment is an offence; reimbursement of receipted expenditure is permitted under the regulations. Parentage is provincial law.", "instrument": "Assisted Human Reproduction Act (S.C. 2004, c. 2), section 6", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ca-ahra-2004", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "US", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "California's section requires separate independent counsel for the surrogate and the intended parents, notarised signatures, and disclosure of how the intended parents will cover medical expenses. It carries no residency requirement and no cap on compensation. Other states prohibit or restrict the arrangement; this project has read no other state's code.", "instrument": "No federal statute; state law governs. California Family Code § 7962 is the example read for this row.", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:ca-fam-7962", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "GE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "Georgia is widely described as permitting commercial surrogacy for foreign intended parents, and a restriction has been announced repeatedly since 2023. The consolidated Law of Georgia on Health Care could not be read to its Article 143 on this pass, and this project will not print an article it has not read." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "UA", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "Ukraine is one of the largest destinations for commissioned surrogacy. No Ukrainian instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "IL", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "No Israeli instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "CN", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "No Chinese instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "MX", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "Mexican law is state law and has moved repeatedly through the federal courts. No state code was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "CO", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "No Colombian instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "surrogacy-law", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Surrogacy law across borders", "country": "AU", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:hcch-parentage-surrogacy", "url": "", "note": "Surrogacy in Australia is state and territory law, and some states reach arrangements made abroad. No state act was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "GB", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Giving or receiving a reward for the supply of controlled material is an offence under section 32, which also bars advertising. A transplant from a living donor is an offence under section 33 unless the Human Tissue Authority is satisfied that no reward has been given and the conditions in regulations are met. The gate is the Authority's approval, not residence.", "instrument": "Human Tissue Act 2004, sections 32 and 33", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:uk-human-tissue-act-s33", "url": "", "note": "Section 33 carries up to 51 weeks and a fine at level 5." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "US", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Unlawful to knowingly acquire, receive or otherwise transfer any human organ for valuable consideration. Removal, transport, processing and storage costs are carved out, as are the donor's travel, housing and lost wages. The statute sets no citizenship condition; allocation policy is a separate matter this project did not read.", "instrument": "National Organ Transplant Act, 42 U.S.C. § 274e", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:us-nota-274e", "url": "", "note": "Up to USD 50,000 and five years." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "DE", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Living donation of a kidney, part of a liver or another non-regenerating organ is confined to first- and second-degree relatives, spouses, registered partners, fiancés, and persons evidently close to the donor in a special personal attachment. Trade in organs or tissues is prohibited by § 17, with reasonable procurement and transport costs excepted. The bar on an unrelated foreign recipient is a relationship rule, not a nationality one.", "instrument": "Transplantationsgesetz § 8(1) sentence 2, with § 17", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:de-tpg-8", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "ES", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Article 4.2 requires voluntariness, altruism, confidentiality, absence of profit motive and gratuity. Article 8 requires a living donor of full age and capacity to consent expressly before a judge, with at least 24 hours between the signed document and the extraction. Neither article distinguishes recipients by nationality or residence.", "instrument": "Real Decreto 1723/2012, artículos 4 y 8, under Ley 30/1979", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:es-rd-1723-2012", "url": "", "note": "" }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "SG", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Trading in organs and blood is prohibited.", "instrument": "Human Organ Transplant Act 1987, Part 4", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:sg-hota", "url": "", "note": "Part 4 was read for the trading prohibition; the Act's provisions on who may receive a transplant were not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "TR", "status": "lawful-with-conditions", "conditions": "Payment for organs and tissue is prohibited.", "instrument": "Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması, Aşılanması ve Nakli Hakkında Kanun (Kanun No. 2238), Madde 3", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:tr-law-2238", "url": "", "note": "Madde 3 was read for the payment prohibition. Türkiye's rules on transplants to foreign recipients were not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "IN", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act 1994 governs, with authorisation committees for donors who are not near relatives and separate provisions for foreign nationals. Indian statute sites returned 403 on this pass and the Act was not read." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "IR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "Iran operates the one regulated, compensated living-kidney donation programme in the world, and it is widely reported to exclude foreign recipients. No Iranian instrument was read on this pass, and this project will not describe the programme from secondary accounts." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "PH", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "A 2008 Department of Health administrative order is reported to have ended transplants to foreign recipients. It was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "EG", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "Law 5 of 2010 governs; it was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "CN", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "The 2007 Regulation on Human Organ Transplantation and its replacement were not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "PK", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Pakistani instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "IL", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "The Organ Transplant Law 2008 governs, including its treatment of reimbursement for travel abroad. It was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "JO", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Jordanian instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "SA", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Saudi instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "AE", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Emirati instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "ZA", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "The National Health Act 61 of 2003 governs; the Act's PDF would not extract on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "TH", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "Thai Red Cross Society organ donation criteria govern in practice; no instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "MY", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Malaysian instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "LK", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Sri Lankan instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "NP", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Nepali instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "CO", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "Ley 1805 of 2016 is reported to have restricted transplants to foreign recipients. It was not read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "MX", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Mexican instrument was read on this pass." }, { "subject": "transplant-prohibition", "subject_type": "rule", "subject_name": "Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad", "country": "CR", "status": "no-data", "conditions": "", "instrument": "", "as_of": "2026-09-17", "source": "s:godt-observatory", "url": "", "note": "No Costa Rican instrument was read on this pass." } ] }