{
 "built": "2026-09-18",
 "count": 244,
 "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
 "rate_source": "https://open.er-api.com/v6/latest/USD",
 "note": "One row per published price. `kind` says what sort of number it is: a package price off a hospital's own page, a list price, a national tariff, an insurer's reimbursement, a survey figure, or a range a provider quotes. Dollars are the row's own currency put through one rate table dated above.",
 "prices": [
  {
   "key": "abdominoplasty#1",
   "on": "abdominoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "abdominoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 62000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "CZK",
   "usd": 2944.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "abdominoplasty"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:premier-clinic-prague-prices",
   "url": "https://www.premier-clinic.cz/en/price-list-plastic-surgery/",
   "note": "listed as 'from'; mini abdominoplasty from 47,000 CZK on the same list, and a line for abdominoplasty including muscle repair at 58,300 CZK which sits below the plain one",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#9",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "abdominoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 3500,
   "amount_high": 6500,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 3500.0,
   "usd_high": 6500.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "abdominoplasty#0",
   "on": "abdominoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "abdominoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 126000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 3784.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "tummy tuck (lipectomy)",
    "three nights on the ward"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "patients over 70 kg: the price line states body weight less than 70 kgs"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "the weight condition is printed in the procedure name on the hospital's own table, which is unusual: most price lists put that condition in a consultation rather than on the page",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "abdominoplasty#2",
   "on": "abdominoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "abdominoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Szczecin",
   "amount": 26000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "PLN",
   "usd": 6909.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "full abdominoplasty"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospitalisation, listed separately at 800 PLN a day"
   ],
   "source": "s:artplastica-cennik",
   "url": "https://www.artplastica.pl/cennik-zabiegi-operacje-plastyczne/",
   "note": "the clinic states its prices are indicative and may change at consultation; with three nights the ward adds 2,400 PLN to this line",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "abdominoplasty#3",
   "on": "abdominoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "abdominoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 8174,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 8174.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "survey",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fee only"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anesthesia",
    "operating room facilities",
    "other related expenses"
   ],
   "source": "s:asps-cost-tummy-tuck",
   "url": "https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/tummy-tuck/cost",
   "note": "no year named on the page",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "abortion-care#2",
   "on": "abortion-care",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "abortion-care",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 0,
   "amount_high": 600,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 0.0,
   "usd_high": 600.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the in-office appointment"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "travel between states, which for many of this provider's patients is the larger number",
    "any figure the page does not name"
   ],
   "source": "s:carafem-cost",
   "url": "https://carafem.org/cost",
   "note": "ranges by clinic city: in-office abortion pill 0-475 dollars in Atlanta and Chicago and 0-450 in Washington DC; in-office procedure 0-550 in Atlanta and Washington and 0-600 in Chicago. Online evaluation and video visit are 0-399. The zero floor is explained on the page by partnership with abortion funds, not by insurance.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "abortion-care#0",
   "on": "abortion-care",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "abortion-care",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 622,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 838.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "consultation, £180",
    "treatment, £442",
    "abortion pill treatment up to 10 weeks"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything after 10 weeks, which is priced on separate lines",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:bpas-prices",
   "url": "https://www.bpas.org/abortion-care/considering-abortion/costs-and-pricing/",
   "note": "the provider publishes every line twice, in sterling and in euro: this one is €820. It states that 97% of the women it sees have treatment paid for by the NHS or another government department, and that special prices apply for women from the Republic of Ireland and the Channel Islands.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "abortion-care#1",
   "on": "abortion-care",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "abortion-care",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1166,
   "amount_high": 3044,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 1571.0,
   "usd_high": 4102.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "consultation at £180 in every band",
    "surgical treatment"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "travel and accommodation",
    "any second visit"
   ],
   "source": "s:bpas-prices",
   "url": "https://www.bpas.org/abortion-care/considering-abortion/costs-and-pricing/",
   "note": "the surgical bands on the same list: to 14 weeks £1,166 total (€1,520), 14-20 weeks £1,373 (€1,790), over 20 weeks £3,044 (€3,970). The price roughly doubles at twenty weeks, which is also where several European statutes stop.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "acl-reconstruction#3",
   "on": "acl-reconstruction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "acl-reconstruction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1577.3,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 1124.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the medical service described in item 49542: reconstruction of anterior or posterior cruciate ligament of knee, by open or arthroscopic means, including graft harvest, donor site repair, meniscal repair, collateral ligament repair, extra-articular tenodesis and any other associated intra-articular surgery if performed"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospital accommodation and theatre",
    "fixation devices",
    "the anaesthetist's own items",
    "physiotherapy",
    "any amount charged above the schedule fee"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-49542",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=49542&qt=item",
   "note": "Medicare Benefits Schedule item 49542, fee last updated 1 July 2026; 75% benefit $1,183.00. The same fee as a total hip replacement under item 49318, which is what a fee schedule looks like when it prices work rather than joints.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "acl-reconstruction#2",
   "on": "acl-reconstruction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "acl-reconstruction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "LT",
   "city": "Kaunas",
   "amount": 2500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2884.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:nordorthopaedics-prices",
   "url": "https://www.nordorthopaedics.com/hip-knee-wrist-hand-ankle-foot-shoulder-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "advertised as \"from 2.500 € / 2.085 £\" with no inclusion list on the page.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "acl-reconstruction#0",
   "on": "acl-reconstruction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "acl-reconstruction",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 279000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 8380.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "arthroscopic knee ligament based surgery (ie. ACL, PCL)",
    "meniscus work",
    "2 nights of hospital stay"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-joint-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/packages-center/joint-replacement-surgery",
   "note": "listed at 279,000 THB against 310,000 THB under a campaign the page labels \"Special Campaign Receive a 10% Discount\". The package list page names the nights and the inclusion of meniscus work; the per-package exclusion list sits on the package's own detail page, which was not read for this record. A heavier multi-ligament package on the same page is 299,400 THB.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "acl-reconstruction#1",
   "on": "acl-reconstruction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "acl-reconstruction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "England",
   "amount": 7399,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 9971.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "pre-operative nurse review",
    "prescriptions, dressings and equipment",
    "anaesthetic",
    "any overnight stay required",
    "physiotherapy",
    "pathology and histology needed whilst admitted",
    "any post-operative appointments required",
    "a named knee consultant from start to finish"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the initial consultation, listed separately at £145, which the page says includes x-ray, bloods and swabs"
   ],
   "source": "s:practiceplus-knee",
   "url": "https://practiceplusgroup.com/treatments/knee-surgery/",
   "note": "the group's published self-pay price, and the only one of the four read for this record that names physiotherapy inside the figure.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "addiction-rehab#0",
   "on": "addiction-rehab",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "addiction-rehab",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Chiang Mai",
   "amount": 10000,
   "amount_high": 20000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 10000.0,
   "usd_high": 20000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "private en suite accommodation with daily housekeeping and laundry",
    "three meals a day",
    "medically supervised detox when needed",
    "two individual therapy sessions a week",
    "fifteen hours of group therapy a week",
    "24/7 on-site medical care with nursing staff",
    "daily wellness activities",
    "weekly outings with entrance fees and meals",
    "airport transfers",
    "lifetime weekly aftercare groups at no additional cost"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "international flights",
    "visa extension fees",
    "medications",
    "TMS therapy",
    "off-site medical services and purchases",
    "transport unrelated to the stay",
    "travel and health insurance"
   ],
   "source": "s:dawn-rehab-rates",
   "url": "https://thedawnrehab.com/service-rate/",
   "note": "quoted as a bracket for a month's stay; the centre states programme pricing is customised to the individual and the length of stay",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "addiction-rehab#1",
   "on": "addiction-rehab",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "addiction-rehab",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 21813,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 29396.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "28 day inpatient hospital programme",
    "therapy",
    "twelve months aftercare",
    "optional detox",
    "accommodation and meals"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not itemised on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:priory-rehab-cost",
   "url": "https://www.priorygroup.com/addiction-treatment/how-much-does-rehab-cost",
   "note": "the Transform 28 programme, listed as 'from'. The same page prices a seven to ten day detox-only programme (Reset) from 6,540 GBP, a fourteen-day residential programme without detox (Flourish) from 4,410 GBP, and individual outpatient therapy at 155 GBP a session.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "all-on-four#1",
   "on": "all-on-four",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "all-on-four",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "HU",
   "city": "Budapest",
   "amount": 4171,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 4812.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "All-on-4 zirconium denture: €2,503 treatment plus €1,668 fabrication"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "nothing stated on the page beyond the split itself"
   ],
   "source": "s:mdental-budapest-prices",
   "url": "https://www.mdentalclinic.eu/prices",
   "note": "the clinic prints treatment and laboratory as two lines and the total is the sum: metal-ceramic is €2,265 plus €1,509 for €3,774, All-on-6 zirconium €2,622 plus €1,748 for €4,370. The page's own note reads that many treatments carry both a treatment price and a separate fabrication fee.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "los-algodones#4",
   "on": "los-algodones",
   "on_type": "hub",
   "procedure": "all-on-four",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 8110,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 8110.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "four implants and an acrylic hybrid fixed denture",
    "upper or lower arch"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second arch",
    "the branded-implant versions, listed separately at 8,950 dollars with Nobel and 9,710 with Straumann"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-price-list",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "one arch. The words Upper or lower arch are the list's own, and they are the difference between this figure and a whole mouth.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "all-on-four#2",
   "on": "all-on-four",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "all-on-four",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 8110,
   "amount_high": 9710,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 8110.0,
   "usd_high": 9710.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the four implants, the abutments and a fixed hybrid denture for one arch"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second arch",
    "bone graft at $420 per unit and sinus lift at $700, listed separately on the same page"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-dental-prices",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "three rows of one trademark: acrylic hybrid $8,110, Nobel $8,950, Straumann $9,710, the acrylic row marked per arch. The page prints a US comparison column of $25,000, $27,000 and $30,000 with no source, and states that all prices are a base or starting price and that the estimate is not an official price until diagnosis.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "all-on-four#0",
   "on": "all-on-four",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "all-on-four",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 290000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 8710.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "All-on-4 / ProArch hybrid bridge, one arch, as listed"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "x-rays, medications, sterilisation, nursing fees and clinic service fees, which the page states are charged separately",
    "the second arch",
    "bone grafting or sinus lifting where needed"
   ],
   "source": "s:bidc-fees",
   "url": "https://bangkokdentalcenter.com/fees/",
   "note": "listed as from 290,000 THB. The same page offers two other routes to a full jaw: implants plus removable dentures from 70,000 plus 85,000, and implants plus fixed bridges from 140,000 plus 250,000. The page states package rates are applicable till 30 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "angioplasty-stent#2",
   "on": "angioplasty-stent",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "angioplasty-stent",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 2121.75,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 1512.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "item 38307: percutaneous coronary intervention on one coronary vascular territory, including selective coronary angiography and all associated imaging, catheter and contrast, and either or both angioplasty and transluminal insertion of one or more stents"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "aftercare, excluded in the descriptor itself",
    "the hospital, the ward and the device",
    "further territories, which fall under their own items"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-38307",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=38307&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, 75% benefit $1,591.35, read on 17 September 2026. Unlike the Thai package, the item includes the stents in the service it describes and excludes the aftercare; unlike the Thai package, it is a fee for a doctor rather than a bill for an admission.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "angioplasty-stent#0",
   "on": "angioplasty-stent",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "angioplasty-stent",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 299000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 8980.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, transfemoral",
    "operating room and recovery room",
    "specified medical supplies and medications used during the procedure",
    "the medical team and anaesthesiologist for the specified procedure",
    "2 nights, including the critical care unit and standard inpatient room as specified",
    "hospital fee, meals and related equipment during the stay"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "special device used during the procedure — which is what a stent is",
    "pre-assessment and medical clearance before the procedure",
    "other specialists' consultations",
    "further laboratory tests or investigations",
    "additional nights in critical care or on the ward",
    "home medications, including the antiplatelet drugs this procedure commits a patient to"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-heart-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/package/heart-catheterization-surgery",
   "note": "the transradial version of the same package is 322,000 THB, also 2 nights. Diagnostic angiography alone runs 62,100 THB as a day case to 69,000 with a night. Prices stated valid until 31 October 2026. The exclusion of the special device is the line that decides what this costs.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "angioplasty-stent#1",
   "on": "angioplasty-stent",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "angioplasty-stent",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 322000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 9671.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, transradial",
    "2 nights",
    "theatre, team and anaesthesiologist as specified"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "special device used during the procedure",
    "pre-assessment",
    "other specialists",
    "extra nights",
    "home medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-heart-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/package/heart-catheterization-surgery",
   "note": "23,000 baht more than the same operation through the groin. The wrist route is generally the safer one for bleeding, and on this page it is the dearer one.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "angioplasty-stent#3",
   "on": "angioplasty-stent",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "angioplasty-stent",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 9887,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 11408.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "DRG F19B TRNS-VSCLR PERC CRDC INTERVTN, MINC — transvascular percutaneous cardiac intervention at minor complexity, as an inlier inpatient episode"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "stays outside the length-of-stay boundaries, which are paid at a per-diem rate above the high boundary",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:hse-abf-2024-inpatient",
   "url": "https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents/ABF_2024_Admitted_Patient_Price_List_-_Inpatient_Only.pdf",
   "note": "the Irish public system's own price for the admission, and the ceiling on what it repays a patient treated abroad. The major-complexity version of the same group, F19A, is EUR 42,060 — a fourfold spread inside one procedure, which is what a complexity-weighted tariff looks like beside a fixed package price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "assisted-dying#1",
   "on": "assisted-dying",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "assisted-dying",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 300,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "CHF",
   "usd": 366.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "a one-off joining fee of 220 francs",
    "the first annual subscription, at the stated minimum of 80"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "everything in the row above",
    "subsequent years"
   ],
   "source": "s:dignitas-membership",
   "url": "https://www.dignitas.ch/en/become-a-member/membership/",
   "note": "membership is the precondition, and it is open to adults who are neither resident in Switzerland nor Swiss citizens; the association states it can only act within Swiss territory. The subscription is at each member's discretion but at least 80 francs, with reduction or exemption available to members in modest circumstances by prior agreement.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "assisted-dying#0",
   "on": "assisted-dying",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "assisted-dying",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 7500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "CHF",
   "usd": 9158.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "preparation to the provisional green light, 4,000",
    "two extended consultations with a Swiss doctor and related administration, 1,000",
    "completion, covering the escort and a contribution towards the apartment, 2,500"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the funeral director and cremation, 2,500",
    "official procedures after the death, 1,000",
    "VAT",
    "membership, travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:dignitas-costs",
   "url": "https://www.dignitas.ch/en/accompanied-suicide/information-on-the-costs/",
   "note": "the association's stated total where it is not asked to handle the funeral or the official affairs; 11,000 francs where it is. Payment is normally required in advance, and the page states that no guarantee of an accompanied suicide is linked to the first 4,000. All costs are stated to be subject to change.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "assisted-dying#2",
   "on": "assisted-dying",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "assisted-dying",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CH",
   "city": "Basel",
   "amount": 10000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "CHF",
   "usd": 12211.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "paperwork",
    "consultations",
    "the appointment, including drugs",
    "cremation",
    "couriering of the ashes"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "travel and accommodation",
    "any variation the association attributes to the level of external medical review needed"
   ],
   "source": "s:pegasos-faqs",
   "url": "https://pegasos-association.com/faqs/",
   "note": "the association's own figure, stated as approximate and paid in two instalments, a deposit at application and the balance at scheduling. Its published refund policy returns the full deposit if an application is not approved and retains 1,500 francs on withdrawal.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "bbl#0",
   "on": "bbl",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "bbl",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 62800,
   "amount_high": 74800,
   "currency": "CZK",
   "usd": 2982.0,
   "usd_high": 3552.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "fat transfer to breasts or buttocks with liposuction of one area, at the bottom of the range",
    "liposuction of two areas at the top"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:premier-clinic-prague-prices",
   "url": "https://www.premier-clinic.cz/en/price-list-plastic-surgery/",
   "note": "the clinic prices the harvest with the graft, which is the shape that makes a buttock price and a liposuction price impossible to add together",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "bbl#1",
   "on": "bbl",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "bbl",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Warsaw",
   "amount": 25000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "PLN",
   "usd": 6643.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "the whole procedure including post-operative care: consultations, follow-ups, dressing changes and suture removal, in the clinic's own words"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:rpclinic-posladki-cennik",
   "url": "https://www.rpclinic.pl/cenniki/cennik-chirurgia-plastyczna/cennik-zabiegi-posladkow/",
   "note": "listed as 'from', gross, in zloty. The same list prices buttock implants from 27,000 PLN and a hybrid of implants with fat transfer and liposuction from 32,000 PLN.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "bbl#2",
   "on": "bbl",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "bbl",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 7264,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 7264.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "survey",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fee only, buttock augmentation with fat grafting"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anesthesia",
    "operating room facilities",
    "other related expenses"
   ],
   "source": "s:asps-cost-buttock",
   "url": "https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/buttock-enhancement/cost",
   "note": "the same page gives 7,964 USD for buttock implants and 7,062 USD for a buttock lift. No year is named on the page.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "bone-marrow-transplant#1",
   "on": "bone-marrow-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "bone-marrow-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 577000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 577000.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2025",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "30 days pretransplant, $77,900",
    "procurement, $36,100",
    "hospital transplant admission, $275,500",
    "physician services during the admission, $11,500",
    "180 days posttransplant discharge, $129,800",
    "outpatient immunosuppressants and other prescriptions, $46,200"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything outside the window of 30 days before admission to 180 days after discharge"
   ],
   "source": "s:milliman-transplant-2025",
   "url": "https://www.milliman.com/en/insight/2025-us-organ-and-tissue-transplants-costs-utilization",
   "note": "autologous — the patient's own cells, so the procurement line is a third of the allogeneic one and there is no donor to find.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "bone-marrow-transplant#0",
   "on": "bone-marrow-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "bone-marrow-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1261800,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 1261800.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2025",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "30 days pretransplant, $94,300",
    "procurement, $97,400",
    "hospital transplant admission, $669,300",
    "physician services during the admission, $18,900",
    "180 days posttransplant discharge, $314,200",
    "outpatient immunosuppressants and other prescriptions, $67,700"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything outside the window of 30 days before admission to 180 days after discharge",
    "the difference between a billed charge and a negotiated rate"
   ],
   "source": "s:milliman-transplant-2025",
   "url": "https://www.milliman.com/en/insight/2025-us-organ-and-tissue-transplants-costs-utilization",
   "note": "allogeneic. An actuarial estimate of average US billed charges, not a quoted price; the six component figures are the report's own breakdown and are given here because the admission is barely half of the total.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "breast-augmentation#1",
   "on": "breast-augmentation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "breast-augmentation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 55000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "CZK",
   "usd": 2612.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "breast augmentation alone"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:premier-clinic-prague-prices",
   "url": "https://www.premier-clinic.cz/en/price-list-plastic-surgery/",
   "note": "listed as 'from'. The same list prices augmentation by the clinic's Preserve method from 93,000 CZK and breast lift with augmentation from 88,000 CZK.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#10",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "breast-augmentation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 3000,
   "amount_high": 5500,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 3000.0,
   "usd_high": 5500.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "breast-augmentation#0",
   "on": "breast-augmentation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "breast-augmentation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 125000,
   "amount_high": 305000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 3754.0,
   "usd_high": 9161.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the implant, named by brand and shell",
    "one night on the ward"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "the range across eighteen published lines: round Mentor under 400 cc at 125,000 THB at the bottom, Motiva Ergonomix II Zen over 400 cc at 305,000 THB at the top. Unlike most joint packages, the device is inside the price here and the brand is what moves it.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "breast-augmentation#3",
   "on": "breast-augmentation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "breast-augmentation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 4875,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4875.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "survey",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fee only, augmentation with implants"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anesthesia",
    "operating room facilities",
    "other related expenses",
    "the implants themselves are not itemised on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:asps-cost-breast-augmentation",
   "url": "https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/breast-augmentation/cost",
   "note": "the same page gives 5,719 USD for augmentation with fat grafting. No year is named on the page for either figure.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "prince-court#0",
   "on": "prince-court",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "breast-augmentation",
   "facility": "prince-court",
   "country": "MY",
   "city": "Kuala Lumpur",
   "amount": 26888,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "MYR",
   "usd": 6583.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "2 units Mentor breast implants",
    "pre-surgery consultation",
    "daycare procedure inclusive of refreshments",
    "post-surgery ward round and consultation"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "take-home medications",
    "complications",
    "other morbidities"
   ],
   "source": "s:princecourt-breast-aug",
   "url": "https://princecourt.com/our-services/highlights-and-promotions/breast-augmentation-package",
   "note": "A 2,000-ringgit top-up buys Motiva implants instead of Mentor; other brands may cost more again. The package is for self-paying patients only and cannot be combined with other promotions. No expiry date is printed on the page. The exclusion of complications means the number describes the operation going as planned.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "breast-augmentation#2",
   "on": "breast-augmentation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "breast-augmentation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Szczecin",
   "amount": 25500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "PLN",
   "usd": 6776.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "augmentation with round implants"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospitalisation, listed separately at 800 PLN a day"
   ],
   "source": "s:artplastica-cennik",
   "url": "https://www.artplastica.pl/cennik-zabiegi-operacje-plastyczne/",
   "note": "the clinic states its listed prices are indicative and may change at consultation",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "narayana-health#0",
   "on": "narayana-health",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "cabg",
   "facility": "narayana-health",
   "country": "IN",
   "city": "Bengaluru",
   "amount": 95000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "INR",
   "usd": 990.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2013",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "coronary bypass surgery, as reported"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "unstated — the report names no inclusion list"
   ],
   "source": "s:wp-devi-shetty",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devi_Shetty",
   "note": "A GROUP figure, not a package price at a named hospital and not a current one. Bloomberg reported in 2013 that Narayana had brought coronary bypass to 95,000 rupees, about 1,583 US dollars then, and set the same operation at the Cleveland Clinic at 106,385 dollars. It is the number the group is famous for and the number most often reprinted without its date. Thirteen years old at the time this record was written.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cabg#3",
   "on": "cabg",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cabg",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 2819.9,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 2010.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the surgeon's service for item 38502: coronary artery bypass including cardiopulmonary bypass, with harvesting of the left internal mammary artery or vein graft material"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the hospital, the theatre, the anaesthetist, the intensive care and the ward — all billed under their own items or by the hospital",
    "aftercare"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-38502",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=38502&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, with a 75% benefit of $2,114.95, read on 17 September 2026. A schedule fee is what the state reckons one doctor's service is worth, not what a bypass costs; the Bangkok package beside it is a whole admission.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cabg#0",
   "on": "cabg",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cabg",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 1173000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 35231.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room and recovery room",
    "specified medical supplies and medications used during the procedure",
    "surgeon team and anaesthesiologist fees for the specified procedure",
    "intermediate critical care unit and critical care unit",
    "standard inpatient room for the stated 8 nights",
    "hospital fee, meals and related medical equipment during hospitalisation"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "pre-assessment and medical clearance before the procedure",
    "consultation fees where other specialists are required",
    "special device used during the procedure",
    "medical expense arising from the patient's underlying conditions",
    "additional nights in the critical care unit or beyond the stated stay",
    "rooms other than standard",
    "home medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-heart-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/package/heart-catheterization-surgery",
   "note": "off-pump or on-pump CABG Level 1, 8 nights. Level 2 is 1,437,500 THB for the same 8 nights. Prices stated valid until 31 October 2026. The levels are not defined on the page.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cabg#1",
   "on": "cabg",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cabg",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 1500000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 45053.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "minimally invasive cardiac surgery bypass (MICS CABG)",
    "7 nights in hospital",
    "theatre, surgical team and anaesthesiologist as for the other cardiac packages"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "as the other cardiac packages: pre-assessment, other specialists, special device used during the procedure, extra nights, home medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-heart-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/package/heart-catheterization-surgery",
   "note": "listed at 1,500,000 THB against a struck-through 1,725,000 THB, marked New, 7 nights — one night fewer than the open operation at a higher price. Valid until 31 October 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cabg#2",
   "on": "cabg",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cabg",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "Cleveland",
   "amount": 106385,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 106385.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2013",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "coronary bypass surgery, as reported"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "unstated — the report names no inclusion list"
   ],
   "source": "s:wp-devi-shetty",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devi_Shetty",
   "note": "the other end of the same 2013 Bloomberg comparison: the same operation at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio at 106,385 US dollars. Carried here only because the Indian figure is carried; one without the other is half a sentence.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "car-t#4",
   "on": "car-t",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "car-t",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IN",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 50000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 50000.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2024",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:bct-nexcar19",
   "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11620990/",
   "note": "NexCAR19, approved in India in October 2023. The journal's words are that it \"is expected to cost 50,000 USD, which is almost one-tenth the cost of approved CAR-T cell products in the United States\". An expectation reported in a paper, not a price read off a price list; the rupee figures in circulation could not be read on a page for this record.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "car-t#2",
   "on": "car-t",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "car-t",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 280451,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 377950.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2023-02-28",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:nice-ta872",
   "url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta872",
   "note": "axicabtagene ciloleucel, \"per single infusion bag (approximately 68 ml, company submission)\". NICE states that a commercial arrangement makes it available to the NHS at a discount and that \"the size of the discount is commercial in confidence\" — so the published number is the one nobody pays.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "car-t#1",
   "on": "car-t",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "car-t",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 424000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 424000.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2023",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:bloodadv-cart-costs",
   "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10837180/",
   "note": "axicabtagene ciloleucel acquisition cost, reported as rising from $399,000 in 2022. The same paper puts lisocabtagene maraleucel at $447,227 in 2023, up from $410,300.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "car-t#0",
   "on": "car-t",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "car-t",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 475000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 475000.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2017",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:statnews-kymriah-price",
   "url": "https://www.statnews.com/2017/08/31/475000-price-tag-new-cancer-drug-crazy-meh/",
   "note": "Kymriah at US approval in August 2017, for paediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. This is the price of the cell product alone: apheresis, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, the admission and the management of cytokine release syndrome are all billed separately.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "car-t#3",
   "on": "car-t",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "car-t",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 498723,
   "amount_high": 587908,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 498723.0,
   "usd_high": 587908.0,
   "as_of": "2022",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "reimbursement",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:advther-cart-medicare",
   "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11263250/",
   "note": "US Medicare fee-for-service, claims 2021–2022, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The lower figure is the average paid on an inpatient CAR-T claim, range $276,138 to $1,066,524; the higher is the total for the whole episode, counting the claim plus three-month and six-month per-patient-per-month spending. Outpatient CAR-T averaged $414,393 on the claim and $529,188 over the episode.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cataract-surgery#2",
   "on": "cataract-surgery",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cataract-surgery",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 910.35,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 649.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "item 42702: lens extraction and insertion of intraocular lens"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "surgery performed to correct a refractive error, other than anisometropia exceeding 3 dioptres developing after removal of the cataract in the first eye — excluded in the descriptor itself",
    "the hospital, the theatre and the anaesthetist"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-42702",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=42702&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, 75% benefit $682.80, the fee shown as applying from 1 July 2026. The item bundles the lens into the service it describes; the refractive exclusion in its own descriptor is the same state declining to fund laser vision correction.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cataract-surgery#1",
   "on": "cataract-surgery",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cataract-surgery",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1171,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 1351.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "reimbursement",
   "includes": [
    "DRG C16Z LENS INTERVENTIONS, day case: phacoemulsification of the crystalline lens, other extraction of the crystalline lens, capsulotomy of the lens"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "insertion or removal of an aqueous shunt, goniotomy, iridotomy, iridoplasty, iridectomy, trabeculectomy and trabeculoplasty, which fall in the glaucoma group",
    "travel and accommodation",
    "anything above the DRG price, which the patient bears"
   ],
   "source": "s:hse-cbd-niphs-drg-guide",
   "url": "https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents/CBD-NIPHS-Most-Common-Procedures-DRG-Guide.pdf",
   "note": "what Ireland repays a patient treated abroad under the Cross Border Directive and the Northern Ireland Planned Healthcare Scheme, not what the operation costs. The guide states the prices are for inpatient or day-case care, whichever is standard in Ireland, and that an inlier price assumes a stay within the length-of-stay boundaries of the 2024 activity-based-funding price list.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cataract-surgery#0",
   "on": "cataract-surgery",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cataract-surgery",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 85400,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 2565.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fees for the surgery only",
    "hospital fees and nursing fees for the surgery only",
    "medical device, such as monofocal lens — only the types specified in the package"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "physician's fees and any fees for consultations or pre-surgical screening",
    "medication, medical supplies and any other examinations or tests performed",
    "the second eye",
    "lenses other than the types specified"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-phaco-monofocal",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/monofocal-lens-for-phacoemulsification-single-eye-set-1",
   "note": "package IPDEYE40+IPDEYE4005, one eye, prices stated valid until 31 December 2026. The lens is inside the package and the consultation that decides whether the patient needs it is outside. The package's name — Set 1 — is the page admitting there are other sets.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cochlear-implant#0",
   "on": "cochlear-implant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cochlear-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 7648,
   "amount_high": 9078,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 5451.0,
   "usd_high": 6470.0,
   "as_of": "2022",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one replacement external sound processor"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the implant",
    "the operation",
    "programming appointments",
    "repairs outside the three-year warranty"
   ],
   "source": "s:pharmacoecon-ci-upgrade",
   "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13110226/",
   "note": "the range covers three models priced at the time of the CUSP study: Nucleus 5 at A$7,648, Kanso 2 at A$8,114 and Nucleus 7 at A$9,078. This is the accessory, bought perhaps three or four times in a recipient's life, and it is the line that decides whether an implant keeps working.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cochlear-implant#1",
   "on": "cochlear-implant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cochlear-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 39519,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 28165.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2022",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "reimplantation after internal device failure"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:pharmacoecon-ci-upgrade",
   "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13110226/",
   "note": "the cost used in an Australian microsimulation for replacing a failed internal device, alongside a 4.8% risk of internal failure over thirty years and three months with the device inactive.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "cochlear-implant#2",
   "on": "cochlear-implant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "cochlear-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "FI",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 43905,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 50657.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2025",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "assessment",
    "the device",
    "surgery",
    "lifetime aftercare, check-ups, software and processor upgrades, and device replacement where modelled"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything a health system does not pay for"
   ],
   "source": "s:eur-arch-ci-finland",
   "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12605616/",
   "note": "the modelled lifetime cost of one unilateral implant to the Finnish health system, from a published cost-utility analysis. A modelled lifetime, not an invoice — but it is the only figure read for this record that counts the follow-up as part of the price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-crown#2",
   "on": "dental-crown",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-crown",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 120,
   "amount_high": 600,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 120.0,
   "usd_high": 600.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the crown, by material"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the implant or abutment where the crown sits on one — the implant crown including abutment is its own line at $720"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-dental-prices",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "all-metal $120, porcelain fused to metal $230, e.max $395, zirconia $490, porcelain fused to gold $600, temporary crown $30, each with a peso figure beside it. The page prints a US comparison column — $400, $1,250, $1,500, $1,600, $1,700 — that carries no source, and states that all prices are a base or starting price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-crown#0",
   "on": "dental-crown",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-crown",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 13000,
   "amount_high": 25000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 390.0,
   "usd_high": 751.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the crown itself, by material"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "x-rays, medications, sterilisation, nursing fees and clinic service fees, charged separately",
    "sterilisation at 150 to 250 baht per visit",
    "root canal treatment where the tooth needs it first"
   ],
   "source": "s:bidc-fees",
   "url": "https://bangkokdentalcenter.com/fees/",
   "note": "the range runs porcelain fused to non-precious alloy 13,000, palladium 20,000, gold 25,000, e.max 19,500 for one to five teeth and 18,500 for six or more, zirconia 21,000 and 20,000, one-day all-ceramic 25,000. Several rows are printed against struck-through figures of 22,000. Package rates stated applicable till 30 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-crown#1",
   "on": "dental-crown",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-crown",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "HU",
   "city": "Budapest",
   "amount": 378,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 436.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "zirconia crown: €226 treatment plus €152 fabrication"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "nothing stated beyond the split; the post and core, if the tooth needs one, is a separate line"
   ],
   "source": "s:mdental-budapest-prices",
   "url": "https://www.mdentalclinic.eu/prices",
   "note": "porcelain fused to metal is €202 plus €134 for €336, full porcelain €237 plus €157 for €394. The clinic's note above the table states that many treatments carry both a treatment price and a separate fabrication or laboratory fee.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-crown#4",
   "on": "dental-crown",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-crown",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 332.1,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 448.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "band 3: a crown, and everything in bands 1 and 2 in the same course of treatment",
    "dentures, bridges and orthodontic treatment fall in the same band"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "private treatment",
    "cosmetic work the service does not provide"
   ],
   "source": "s:nhs-dental-charges",
   "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/dentists/dental-costs/understanding-nhs-dental-charges/",
   "note": "the patient's charge in England, not the cost of the work: one band 3 charge of £332.10 covers a course of treatment however many crowns it contains, against £27.90 for band 1 and £76.60 for band 2. The page states it was last reviewed on 13 March 2025 and does not state when the amounts took effect.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-crown#3",
   "on": "dental-crown",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-crown",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Kraków",
   "amount": 355,
   "amount_high": 429,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 478.0,
   "usd_high": 578.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the crown; the page lists examination, x-rays and local anaesthetic as free"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "nothing stated for the crown itself"
   ],
   "source": "s:indexmedica-prices",
   "url": "https://www.indexmedica.com/prices/",
   "note": "metal-based porcelain £355 against a column the clinic labels average UK price at £900; full-ceramic zirconoxide £429 against £1,200. The euro table gives €389 and €469 against Irish comparisons of €1,110 and €1,430. A deposit of 80% of each stage is due on signing the treatment plan.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "los-algodones#1",
   "on": "los-algodones",
   "on_type": "hub",
   "procedure": "dental-crown",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 490,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 490.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "a zirconia crown"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "preparation, root treatment or extraction, each priced on its own line"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-price-list",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "the same list carries porcelain-fused-to-metal at 230 dollars, e-max at 395 and porcelain-fused-to-gold at 600; the material is the price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-implant#1",
   "on": "dental-implant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "HU",
   "city": "Budapest",
   "amount": 381,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 440.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the implant fixture: NeoDent or Alpha Bio"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the lab fee of €255 printed as a separate line",
    "the abutment, €258 for these brands and €393 for Straumann or Nobel",
    "the crown, €226 plus €152 lab for zirconia",
    "sinus lifting at €409 per quadrant and bone augmentation at €302 plus the graft"
   ],
   "source": "s:mdental-budapest-prices",
   "url": "https://www.mdentalclinic.eu/prices",
   "note": "the premium brands are listed at €594 plus €398 lab. The clinic's own note above the table reads: \"Please note that many treatments include both the treatment price and a separate fabrication/lab fee.\" Finishing one tooth takes four of its price lines.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-implant#3",
   "on": "dental-implant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Kraków",
   "amount": 575,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 775.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "implant (screw)"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the healing ring, the individual abutment and the crown, which the same page bundles into a separate line"
   ],
   "source": "s:indexmedica-prices",
   "url": "https://www.indexmedica.com/prices/",
   "note": "the same price list carries an implant \"complete\" at £1,450, described as \"including implant screw, healing ring, individual abutment and full-ceramic zirconoxide crown\", and gives €1,552 for the same item. One clinic, one tooth, two published numbers two and a half times apart, and the wording is what separates them.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "los-algodones#0",
   "on": "los-algodones",
   "on_type": "hub",
   "procedure": "dental-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 890,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 890.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the titanium implant fixture"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the crown, which the same list prices separately at 720 dollars",
    "the abutment is stated as part of the crown line, not the implant line"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-price-list",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "listed as Titanium Dental Implant (implant only), 890 dollars or 17,800 pesos. A single restored tooth is therefore 1,610 dollars on this list, not 890. The page states all prices are a base or starting-at price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-implant#2",
   "on": "dental-implant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 890,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 890.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "titanium dental implant, implant only"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the standard implant crown including abutment, listed at $720"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-dental-prices",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "listed as $890 with MXN $17,800 beside it, and a Straumann BLX implant-only line at $1,350. The page states \"All prices on this website are Base Price or Starting At price\" and prints a US comparison column — $1,290 against this implant — which is the clinic's own figure with no source attached.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#5",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "dental-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1000,
   "amount_high": 1800,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 1000.0,
   "usd_high": 1800.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dental-implant#0",
   "on": "dental-implant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dental-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 35000,
   "amount_high": 70000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 1051.0,
   "usd_high": 2102.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the implant fixture only"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the implant crown, listed at 25,000 THB in every row",
    "sterilisation and nursing fee of 150 to 250 baht per visit",
    "x-rays, medications and clinic service fees",
    "digital surgical guide, 7,000 THB for one to two teeth"
   ],
   "source": "s:bidc-fees",
   "url": "https://bangkokdentalcenter.com/fees/",
   "note": "the clinic's own fee table runs SIC Swiss Invent at 35,000, Straumann Roxolid SLA at 54,000, Nobel Biocare titanium at 55,000, Straumann Roxolid SLActive at 60,000, Straumann BLX at 70,000 and a Zi all-ceramic at 70,000, each against a struck-through higher figure. The page states package rates are applicable till 30 September 2026. Consultation is free, but the page adds that this is \"not inclusive of x-rays, medications, sterilization, nursing fees and clinic service fees that are charged separately\".",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "poland#0",
   "on": "poland",
   "on_type": "destination",
   "procedure": "dental-implant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Kraków",
   "amount": 1450,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 1954.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "implant screw",
    "healing ring",
    "individual abutment",
    "full-ceramic zirconia crown"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "accommodation",
    "bone graft or sinus lift where needed",
    "treatment at home afterwards"
   ],
   "source": "s:indexmedica-prices",
   "url": "https://www.indexmedica.com/prices/",
   "note": "Index Medica, Kraków. The same page lists the implant screw alone at GBP 575, and the euro table prices the complete implant at EUR 1,552 for its Irish readers. The clinic's comparison columns — GBP 4,000 and EUR 3,750 — are its own estimate of prices at home, taken from other practices' websites.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dhi-hair-transplant#1",
   "on": "dhi-hair-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dhi-hair-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AE",
   "city": "Dubai",
   "amount": 9999,
   "amount_high": 35000,
   "currency": "AED",
   "usd": 2723.0,
   "usd_high": 9530.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fees, anaesthesia, facility charges, graft extraction and implantation, post-operative care including medications and follow-up visits, in the group's own words"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:dhi-dubai-cost",
   "url": "https://www.dhiinternational.com/cost-of-hair-transplant-in-dubai-dhi-medical-group/",
   "note": "the ladder on the brand owner's own page: approximately 9,999 AED for minor procedures with fewer grafts, 12,000 to 18,000 AED for moderate hair loss, 35,000 AED or more for extensive procedures",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "turkiye#1",
   "on": "turkiye",
   "on_type": "destination",
   "procedure": "dhi-hair-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 3290,
   "amount_high": 8000,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3796.0,
   "usd_high": 9230.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "the procedure, up to 4,000 grafts",
    "hotel",
    "transfers",
    "aftercare products"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "travel insurance",
    "extra nights",
    "grafts above 4,000"
   ],
   "source": "s:cosmedica-price",
   "url": "https://cosmedica.com/price/",
   "note": "the same clinic's two DHI tiers on one page: EUR 3,290 for micro sapphire DHI and EUR 8,000 for the tier where the named surgeon operates. Who holds the punch is a price tier here, stated as such.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dhi-hair-transplant#0",
   "on": "dhi-hair-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dhi-hair-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 3395,
   "amount_high": 6595,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3917.0,
   "usd_high": 7609.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "a fixed session, the clinic quoting the same three package prices for FUE and DHI",
    "MD participation in extraction and incision",
    "PRP session",
    "hotel accommodation three to four nights",
    "VIP transfer",
    "aftercare kit",
    "18 months aftercare support"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights"
   ],
   "source": "s:estenove-cost",
   "url": "https://www.estenove.com/hair-transplant-cost-istanbul-turkey/",
   "note": "the clinic states its prices are quoted for FUE and DHI at the same rate, which is itself a statement about whether the pen is a different operation",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dialysis-holiday#1",
   "on": "dialysis-holiday",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dialysis-holiday",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 2200,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 66.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one haemodialysis session"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medications and any additional diagnosis, stated on the page",
    "the first session, priced at 3,400 including the nephrologist's fee",
    "opening a dialyser, 1,200",
    "a session in intensive care, 4,700"
   ],
   "source": "s:vibhavadi-hemodialysis",
   "url": "https://www.vibhavadi.com/en/department-hemodialysis",
   "note": "a Bangkok hospital's standard published rate, on its own department page, alongside partial refunds it names for government-officer and social-security patients. Carried here as the domestic figure against which a holiday dialysis rate can be read; it is not the same service and not the same unit.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dialysis-holiday#0",
   "on": "dialysis-holiday",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dialysis-holiday",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Phuket",
   "amount": 7000,
   "amount_high": 8000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 210.0,
   "usd_high": 240.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one session of four hours"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medications, stated on the page",
    "laboratory tests",
    "transport to and from the unit",
    "any admission"
   ],
   "source": "s:bph-holiday-dialysis",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/phuket/center-clinic/other/phuket-holiday-dialysis-center-bpk/treatments-and-services",
   "note": "the hospital's own rates for its Holiday Dialysis Center: 7,000 baht conventional, 8,000 for online haemodiafiltration. No validity date on the page.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dialysis-holiday#3",
   "on": "dialysis-holiday",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dialysis-holiday",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 200,
   "amount_high": 300,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 231.0,
   "usd_high": 346.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "one session; at some named units, transport to the resort area"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "transport where it is priced out: one unit is listed at 250 euro with transport and 200 without"
   ],
   "source": "s:freedom-dialysis-turkey",
   "url": "https://www.holidaydialysis.co.uk/turkey.php",
   "note": "an agency's approximate figures for named units in Aydın, Muğla, the Antalya region and Istanbul; every one is prefixed approx. and the page carries no date. Not a unit's own price list.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dialysis-holiday#4",
   "on": "dialysis-holiday",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dialysis-holiday",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 281.71,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 282.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "all renal dialysis services furnished for outpatient maintenance dialysis, including drugs and biological products",
    "a training add-on adjustment for home and self-dialysis"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "adjustment for local wages, which is applied on top with a floor of 0.6000 and a 5% cap on annual decreases",
    "anything outside the bundle"
   ],
   "source": "s:cms-esrd-pps-2026",
   "url": "https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/calendar-year-cy-2026-end-stage-renal-disease-esrd-prospective-payment-system-final-rule",
   "note": "the Medicare base rate for one dialysis treatment from 1 January 2026, up from 273.82 dollars in 2025. A payer's price rather than a seller's, and the only figure in this set that includes the drugs the Thai pages exclude.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "dialysis-holiday#2",
   "on": "dialysis-holiday",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "dialysis-holiday",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "ES",
   "city": "Benidorm",
   "amount": 450,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 519.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "one session at a named private unit"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "everything else; the agency page names no inclusion list"
   ],
   "source": "s:freedom-dialysis-spain",
   "url": "https://www.holidaydialysis.co.uk/spain.php",
   "note": "an agency's figure, not the unit's own price list, and the only Spanish price on a page that names more than thirty units. The same page states that most Spanish units accept the European Health Insurance Card or its UK successor, in which case no price arises at all.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "disc-replacement#1",
   "on": "disc-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "disc-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1295.85,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 924.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the medical service described in item 51131: cervical artificial intervertebral total disc replacement, at one motion segment only, including removal of disc and marginal osteophytes"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospital accommodation and theatre",
    "the prosthesis",
    "the anaesthetist's own items",
    "any amount charged above the schedule fee"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-51131",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=51131&qt=item",
   "note": "Medicare Benefits Schedule item 51131, fee last updated 1 July 2026; 75% benefit $971.90. The item pays only where the patient has had no prior surgery at the same cervical level, is skeletally mature, has symptomatic degenerative disc disease with radiculopathy, does not have vertebral osteoporosis and has failed conservative therapy. The identical fee is paid for a one-segment fusion under item 51041.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "disc-replacement#2",
   "on": "disc-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "disc-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IN",
   "city": "Hyderabad",
   "amount": 350000,
   "amount_high": 600000,
   "currency": "INR",
   "usd": 3646.0,
   "usd_high": 6251.0,
   "as_of": "2026",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:yashoda-adr-cost",
   "url": "https://www.yashodahospitals.com/procedure-cost/artificial-disc-replacement-surgery-cost-in-india/",
   "note": "the hospital's own cost page gives \"Rs. 3,50,000 to Rs. 6,00,000\", an average of \"approximately Rs. 4,00,000\" and a table line of \"4,20,000/- (Approx.)\". The page carries no publication date and no statement of what the figure covers, so as_of is the year it was read, 16 September 2026, and not a date the hospital published.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "disc-replacement#0",
   "on": "disc-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "disc-replacement",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 468600,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 14074.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room charges for 2 hours including OR room, recovery room, scrub nurse and circulating nurse",
    "accommodation for 1 day in a standard single room",
    "medical equipment and medical supplies specified in the package",
    "anaesthesia and medications related to the procedure",
    "surgeon",
    "assistant surgeon if necessary",
    "anaesthesiologist"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "artificial cervical disc",
    "consultation fee for an initial visit and follow-up visits",
    "inpatient stay more than 1 day, ICU, or stay past the approved discharge day",
    "internist's and other specialists' consultations",
    "outpatient fees before admission",
    "complex cases requiring emergency surgery",
    "laboratory and diagnostic tests before and after operation, blood transfusion and biopsy",
    "take-home medications and medical supplies",
    "pre-operative exercise programme by a physical therapist"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-cdr01",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/cervical-disc-replacement",
   "note": "package CDR01, one level, price stated valid until 31 December 2026. The first exclusion is the prosthesis the operation is named for.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-donation#6",
   "on": "egg-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 985,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 1327.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2024-10-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the maximum compensation a UK egg donor may receive per donation cycle"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "travel, accommodation and childcare, which may be claimed as expenses on top"
   ],
   "source": "s:hfea-donating-eggs",
   "url": "https://www.hfea.gov.uk/donation/donors/donating-your-eggs/",
   "note": "a regulator's cap, not a treatment price: it is what the donor receives, not what the recipient pays. Raised from 750 pounds on 1 October 2024. UK egg donors are aged 18 to 35, and a person conceived from their donation may have the donor's name, date of birth and address at 18.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-donation#2",
   "on": "egg-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GR",
   "city": "Thessaloniki",
   "amount": 3300,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3808.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "treatment with frozen donor oocytes from an external bank"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "donor egg cost",
    "shipment of the eggs from the bank to the clinic",
    "preliminary tests",
    "medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:newlife-ivf-costs",
   "url": "https://www.newlife-ivf.co.uk/ivf-costs",
   "note": "the cheapest donor-egg line on the page excludes the donor eggs. This is the fertility version of a joint-replacement package that excludes the implant. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-donation#0",
   "on": "egg-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 5525,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 6375.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "consultation",
    "treatment plan",
    "protocol preparation",
    "selection, standard stimulation and compensation of the donor",
    "donor's egg retrieval",
    "sperm analysis and preparation",
    "male partner's STDs testing",
    "ICSI",
    "extended cultivation",
    "embryotransfer (fresh embryo)"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "MFSS / MACS",
    "PICSI",
    "EmbryoGlue",
    "TimeLaps cultivation",
    "cryopreservation"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"IVF cycle with donated eggs (DIVF, OD)\", valid from 1 January 2026. Compensation of the donor is a named inclusion. Nothing on the five-page list names stimulation medication for the recipient.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "czechia#1",
   "on": "czechia",
   "on_type": "destination",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 5950,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 6865.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "donor egg programme with guarantee",
    "basic laboratory methods"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medication",
    "genetic testing",
    "storage",
    "travel"
   ],
   "source": "s:pronatal-prices",
   "url": "https://www.pronatal.cz/en/price-list/",
   "note": "the guarantee is a commercial term set out by the clinic, not a clinical prediction; what it promises is defined on the clinic's own page.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-donation#3",
   "on": "egg-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GR",
   "city": "Thessaloniki",
   "amount": 7350,
   "amount_high": 10550,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 8480.0,
   "usd_high": 12172.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "fresh oocyte donation",
    "standard package guarantees 2 top-quality blastocysts",
    "advanced package guarantees 4"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "preliminary obligatory investigations for both partners",
    "medications",
    "embryo storage"
   ],
   "source": "s:newlife-ivf-costs",
   "url": "https://www.newlife-ivf.co.uk/ivf-costs",
   "note": "7,350 EUR standard, 10,550 EUR advanced; the difference is two more guaranteed blastocysts. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-donation#4",
   "on": "egg-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "ES",
   "city": "Barcelona",
   "amount": 7635,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 8809.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "donor selection",
    "donor's medication",
    "genetic testing",
    "EmbryoScope+",
    "blastocyst culture",
    "first transfer"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:fertilab-pricing",
   "url": "https://fertilab.com/en/pricing/",
   "note": "listed as from 7,635 EUR under a guaranteed-blastocysts programme. The donor's medication is named as included, which is rare enough on these lists to be worth reading twice; the recipient's is not mentioned either way. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-donation#5",
   "on": "egg-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "Syracuse",
   "amount": 11994,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 11994.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-07",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "4 fresh donor eggs",
    "ICSI",
    "assisted hatching",
    "cryopreservation",
    "frozen embryo transfer"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:cny-ivf-cost",
   "url": "https://www.cnyfertility.com/ivf-cost/",
   "note": "the clinic's in-house donor egg package, page dated 7 July 2026. Four eggs is a count, not a cycle: the unit being sold differs from the European cycle prices above.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-donation#1",
   "on": "egg-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 11110,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 12819.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "donor selection, standard stimulation and compensation",
    "donor's egg retrieval",
    "ICSI",
    "extended cultivation",
    "up to 4 transfers",
    "cryopreservation of all embryos and 1 year of storage"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "MFSS / MACS",
    "PICSI",
    "EmbryoGlue",
    "TimeLaps cultivation"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"IVF cycle with donated eggs Baby Guarantee Program\" — twice the standard cycle for up to four transfers. The list does not state on its face what the programme returns if no baby follows.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "czechia#2",
   "on": "czechia",
   "on_type": "destination",
   "procedure": "egg-freezing",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 1990,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2296.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "retrieval and vitrification",
    "two years of storage"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medication",
    "storage beyond two years",
    "any later thaw and transfer"
   ],
   "source": "s:pronatal-prices",
   "url": "https://www.pronatal.cz/en/price-list/",
   "note": "the two-year storage window is the term that sets the next bill; the thaw and transfer are priced separately, from EUR 990 on the same list.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-freezing#0",
   "on": "egg-freezing",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-freezing",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 2190,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2527.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "consultation",
    "treatment protocol",
    "stimulation",
    "egg retrieval in general anesthesia",
    "cryopreservation of the eggs and 1 year of storage"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "STDs testing"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"Social freezing (eggs collection and freezing)\", valid from 1 January 2026. Storage past the first year is priced separately on the same list: 205 EUR for one year, 580 EUR for five. The later thaw-and-transfer treatment is another 1,925 EUR.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-freezing#2",
   "on": "egg-freezing",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-freezing",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GR",
   "city": "Thessaloniki",
   "amount": 2480,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2861.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "egg freezing, listed as from this price"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "preliminary investigations",
    "medications",
    "storage"
   ],
   "source": "s:newlife-ivf-costs",
   "url": "https://www.newlife-ivf.co.uk/ivf-costs",
   "note": "a from price; the page's standing exclusion list covers medications and storage for every line on it. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-freezing#1",
   "on": "egg-freezing",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-freezing",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "ES",
   "city": "Barcelona",
   "amount": 2570,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2965.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "egg retrieval",
    "vitrification",
    "3 years of storage",
    "option to upgrade to 5 years"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:fertilab-pricing",
   "url": "https://fertilab.com/en/pricing/",
   "note": "the page also sells two collections as a pack at 4,195 EUR, which is the clinic pricing the fact that one collection often yields too few eggs. Special prices stated to hold for reservations until 30 September 2026; read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#12",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "egg-freezing",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 3500,
   "amount_high": 6000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 3500.0,
   "usd_high": 6000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "egg-freezing#3",
   "on": "egg-freezing",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "egg-freezing",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 3350,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 4515.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "collection and freezing of eggs, as an average across UK clinics"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medication, stated at 500 to 1,500 pounds",
    "storage, stated at 125 to 350 pounds a year"
   ],
   "source": "s:hfea-egg-freezing",
   "url": "https://www.hfea.gov.uk/treatments/fertility-preservation/egg-freezing/",
   "note": "the regulator's own stated average cost, read on 16 September 2026. The page names the figure as an average without naming the method behind it or the year it was drawn from, so it is carried as an estimate and not as a list price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "samitivej#0",
   "on": "samitivej",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "samitivej",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 3500,
   "amount_high": 7500,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 105.0,
   "usd_high": 225.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "basic check-up programme for men or women"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything the screening then finds"
   ],
   "source": "s:samitivej-checkup-sukhumvit",
   "url": "https://www.samitivejhospitals.com/package/detail/annual-health-check-up-packages-samitivej-sukhumvit",
   "note": "3,500 baht is the promotional price and 7,500 the regular price printed beside it; the page states the service can be used until 31 January 2027. The same list runs to 45,000 baht for a woman over 60 and 74,500 for the longevity programme, so the cheapest row on a screening page is rarely the one being sold.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "raffles-hospital#0",
   "on": "raffles-hospital",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "raffles-hospital",
   "country": "SG",
   "city": "Singapore",
   "amount": 138,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "SGD",
   "usd": 108.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the Raffles Classic screening package as the store lists it"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the store does not state whether GST is included in the listed figure"
   ],
   "source": "s:raffles-screening-store",
   "url": "https://www.raffleshealth.com/services/health-screening.html",
   "note": "Raffles Classic, the entry general screening package, listed at S$138 on the group's own retail store and read there on 17 September 2026. The same price list runs from a S$48 vocational licence medical and a S$52.30 six-monthly examination for a migrant domestic worker up through the screening packages, which is what it looks like when a hospital group sells medicine across a counter.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "island-hospital-penang#0",
   "on": "island-hospital-penang",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "island-hospital-penang",
   "country": "MY",
   "city": "George Town",
   "amount": 760,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "MYR",
   "usd": 186.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "physical examination",
    "consultation by health screening physician or specialist",
    "complete medical report",
    "full blood picture, lipid profile, liver and kidney function",
    "diabetes and thyroid screening",
    "hepatitis B and C and syphilis testing",
    "ECG",
    "chest X-ray and upper abdomen ultrasound",
    "eye tests",
    "light refreshments",
    "an Island Hospital woven bag"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "any follow-up investigation, treatment or medication arising from the screening, charged separately by cash or card",
    "stress testing, gynaecological assessment, cancer markers, mammogram and bone densitometry, all sold as add-ons"
   ],
   "source": "s:islandhospital-exec-screening",
   "url": "https://packages.islandhospital.com/product/executive-health-screening-package/",
   "note": "The page states packages purchased are redeemable up to 31 December 2026 and that the screening is not recommended for under-18s. The exclusion sentence is the whole story of screening pricing: the screen is cheap and what it finds is not.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "executive-health-screening#1",
   "on": "executive-health-screening",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MY",
   "city": "Kuala Lumpur",
   "amount": 900,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "MYR",
   "usd": 220.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "consultation and physical examination by doctor",
    "vital signs, vision, hearing, body composition",
    "glucose, kidney and liver function, lipid profile, thyroid, full blood count",
    "hepatitis A, B and C and HIV screening",
    "resting ECG",
    "chest X-ray with radiologist report",
    "abdominal ultrasound"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:princecourt-health-screening",
   "url": "https://princecourt.com/health-screening",
   "note": "the Vibrant Male package for men below 40. The hospital grades its packages by age and sex, so the price is a function of the buyer rather than of the test.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "medanta#0",
   "on": "medanta",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "medanta",
   "country": "IN",
   "city": "Gurugram",
   "amount": 25000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "INR",
   "usd": 260.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "whole body check, men's or women's version"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything the screening then finds"
   ],
   "source": "s:medanta-healthcheck",
   "url": "https://www.medanta.org/healthcheckup/gurugram-hospital",
   "note": "the Medanta Whole Body Package, priced identically for men and women. The list it sits on runs from 5,500 rupees for a basic diabetes package to 28,000 for the longest programme. The listing page carries the price only; the test list sits on the individual package page.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "executive-health-screening#2",
   "on": "executive-health-screening",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "SG",
   "city": "Singapore",
   "amount": 361.31,
   "amount_high": 563.16,
   "currency": "SGD",
   "usd": 284.0,
   "usd_high": 442.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "gynaecologist consultation, cervical smear and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound at the lower price",
    "screening mammogram and breast ultrasound added at the higher price"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the general medical panel: these two are women's screening packages, not whole-body executive panels",
    "whether GST is included is not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:raffles-screening-ladies",
   "url": "https://www.rafflesmedicalgroup.com/health-screening/health-screening-packages/",
   "note": "carried here as the Singapore price point because the provider publishes it with its contents; the group's general packages are named on the site but priced only inside its online store",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "raffles-hospital#1",
   "on": "raffles-hospital",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "raffles-hospital",
   "country": "SG",
   "city": "Singapore",
   "amount": 361.31,
   "amount_high": 563.16,
   "currency": "SGD",
   "usd": 284.0,
   "usd_high": 442.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "Raffles Treasure Ladies at S$361.31: gynaecologist consultation, Pap smear, transvaginal pelvic ultrasound",
    "Raffles Treasure Ladies Plus at S$563.16: the above plus screening mammogram and breast ultrasound"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "women under 25 for the base package",
    "women under 40 for the Plus package",
    "women with a pre-existing gynaecological condition, for both",
    "women with a pre-existing breast condition, for the Plus package",
    "GST status not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:raffles-screening-ladies",
   "url": "https://www.rafflesmedicalgroup.com/health-screening/health-screening-packages/",
   "note": "Two published women's screening packages read off the group's own page on 17 September 2026. The exclusions are the point: a screening price assumes a well buyer, and both packages say in terms that a woman with an existing condition is outside them. The Plus package also asks that mammography and breast ultrasound wait at least six weeks after a second COVID-19 vaccine dose.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#13",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 400,
   "amount_high": 1200,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 400.0,
   "usd_high": 1200.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "executive-health-screening#0",
   "on": "executive-health-screening",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 16300,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 490.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "doctor's fee",
    "vital signs and physical examination",
    "complete blood count",
    "fasting blood sugar and HbA1c",
    "lipid profile",
    "uric acid",
    "kidney function panel",
    "liver function panel",
    "urine examination",
    "stool examination with occult blood",
    "electrocardiogram",
    "chest X-ray",
    "ultrasound whole abdomen",
    "HBsAg and HBsAb"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "tourism activity price, in the hospital's own terms",
    "any discount: the hospital states no discount of any kind may be applied to package prices",
    "settlement other than directly to the hospital"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-executive-checkup",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/executive-health-check-male",
   "note": "package CKUP1701, price stated valid until 31 December 2026 and per person in Thai currency; the service is available 365 days from purchase. The same hospital lists an Executive Program (Female) at 20,700 THB and a Comprehensive Program (Male) at 34,900 THB.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liv-hospital#1",
   "on": "liv-hospital",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "liv-hospital",
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 590,
   "amount_high": 3200,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 590.0,
   "usd_high": 3200.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "the fifteen packages the page lists, from LIV STANDARD WOMEN to LIV GOLD CANCER SCREENING",
    "medical reports"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "surgery of any kind, which the site does not price",
    "anything outside the named test counts"
   ],
   "source": "s:liv-checkup",
   "url": "https://int.livhospital.com/full-body-checkup/",
   "note": "The whole published range on one page on 17 September 2026: LIV STANDARD WOMEN from 590 US dollars at the bottom, LIV GOLD CANCER SCREENING for either sex from 3,200 at the top, with LIV ONLINE at 980 to 1,300, LIV SHAPE heart programmes at 1,470 and 2,240 and LIV SILVER cancer screening at 2,300 in between. Every one is a starting price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liv-hospital#0",
   "on": "liv-hospital",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "liv-hospital",
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 600,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 600.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "3 examinations",
    "3 radiological imaging studies",
    "1 cardiology test",
    "blood fat profile",
    "hepatitis and infectious disease screening",
    "2 haematology tests",
    "1 hormone test",
    "medical reports"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything the page does not list — the package is defined by its test counts, and no exclusion list is printed"
   ],
   "source": "s:liv-checkup",
   "url": "https://int.livhospital.com/full-body-checkup/",
   "note": "LIV STANDARD MEN, the entry tier, stated as starting at 600 US dollars per person and read off the hospital's own page on 17 September 2026. LIV STANDARD WOMEN starts at 590. The word on the page is from, so this is a floor and not a bill.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "island-hospital-penang#1",
   "on": "island-hospital-penang",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "executive-health-screening",
   "facility": "island-hospital-penang",
   "country": "MY",
   "city": "George Town",
   "amount": 2499,
   "amount_high": 2799,
   "currency": "MYR",
   "usd": 612.0,
   "usd_high": 685.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "the hospital's Comprehensive Plus screening, male version at the lower figure and female at the higher"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything the screening then finds"
   ],
   "source": "s:islandhospital-packages",
   "url": "https://packages.islandhospital.com/",
   "note": "the same hospital's top screening tier, more than three times the Executive package. The male and female versions differ by 300 ringgit, which is the gynaecological and breast imaging the female version adds.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "facelift#1",
   "on": "facelift",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "facelift",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 84000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "CZK",
   "usd": 3989.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "SMAS facelift"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:premier-clinic-prague-prices",
   "url": "https://www.premier-clinic.cz/en/price-list-plastic-surgery/",
   "note": "listed as 'from'. This is the only one of the four prices on this record that names the layer it lifts.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#7",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "facelift",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 4000,
   "amount_high": 9000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4000.0,
   "usd_high": 9000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "facelift#0",
   "on": "facelift",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "facelift",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 136000,
   "amount_high": 250000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 4085.0,
   "usd_high": 7509.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the named operation",
    "one to two nights on the ward, as printed per line"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "neck lift 136,000 THB with one night; forehead lift 146,000 with one night; mid-facelift 165,000 with two; secondary facelift 171,000 with two; facelift with endoscope 250,000 with two",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "facelift#2",
   "on": "facelift",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "facelift",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Szczecin",
   "amount": 25000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "PLN",
   "usd": 6643.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "facelift"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospitalisation, listed separately at 800 PLN a day"
   ],
   "source": "s:artplastica-cennik",
   "url": "https://www.artplastica.pl/cennik-zabiegi-operacje-plastyczne/",
   "note": "listed as 'from', with the clinic's statement that prices are indicative",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "facelift#3",
   "on": "facelift",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "facelift",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 11395,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 11395.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "survey",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fee only, rhytidectomy"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anesthesia",
    "operating room facilities",
    "other related expenses"
   ],
   "source": "s:asps-cost-facelift",
   "url": "https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/facelift/cost",
   "note": "no year named on the page; the highest average surgeon fee of the six cosmetic operations read from this society's cost pages",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "full-mouth-restoration#3",
   "on": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 332.1,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 448.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "band 3: crowns, dentures and bridges, and everything in bands 1 and 2, for one course of treatment"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "implants, which the health service provides only in limited circumstances",
    "private treatment",
    "cosmetic work"
   ],
   "source": "s:nhs-dental-charges",
   "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/dentists/dental-costs/understanding-nhs-dental-charges/",
   "note": "the patient's share in England for a whole course of treatment, whatever it contains — the one figure on this page that does not scale with the number of teeth. The page states it was last reviewed on 13 March 2025 and gives no date for when the amounts took effect.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "full-mouth-restoration#0",
   "on": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 3270,
   "amount_high": 13310,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 3270.0,
   "usd_high": 13310.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one arch, by method: implant-supported overdenture on two implants $3,270 or three implants $4,520; All-on-4 acrylic hybrid $8,110; three-on-six $11,190; All-on-6 MIS $11,450; All-on-6 Nobel $13,310"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second arch",
    "bone graft at $420 per unit",
    "sinus lift at $700",
    "extractions"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-dental-prices",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "the acrylic hybrid row is marked upper or lower arch, which is the page saying per arch out loud. A conventional full denture, upper or lower, is $320 on the same list — the cheapest full-arch answer by a factor of ten. The page states all prices are a base or starting price and that the estimate is not an official price until diagnosis.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "full-mouth-restoration#1",
   "on": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 155000,
   "amount_high": 390000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 4655.0,
   "usd_high": 11714.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "one jaw, as two lines: implants from 70,000 plus removable dentures from 85,000; or implants from 140,000 plus fixed bridges from 250,000"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second arch",
    "x-rays, medications, sterilisation, nursing fees and clinic service fees, charged separately",
    "grafting"
   ],
   "source": "s:bidc-fees",
   "url": "https://bangkokdentalcenter.com/fees/",
   "note": "the low and high are this record's addition of the clinic's own two-part quotes, both stated as from prices; the same page lists All-on-4 and ProArch hybrid bridges from 290,000 baht as a third route. Package rates stated applicable till 30 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "full-mouth-restoration#2",
   "on": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "full-mouth-restoration",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "HU",
   "city": "Budapest",
   "amount": 4370,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 5042.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "All-on-6 zirconium denture for one arch: €2,622 treatment plus €1,748 fabrication"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second arch",
    "sinus lifting at €409 per quadrant and bone augmentation at €302 plus graft material, listed separately"
   ],
   "source": "s:mdental-budapest-prices",
   "url": "https://www.mdentalclinic.eu/prices",
   "note": "the metal-ceramic version is €2,384 plus €1,589 for €3,973. The clinic's note states that many treatments carry both a treatment price and a separate fabrication fee, which is what makes its arch prices look half the size of the Mexican ones until the second line is added.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gallbladder-removal#3",
   "on": "gallbladder-removal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gallbladder-removal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 768.9,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 548.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "item 30443: cholecystectomy, by any approach, without cholangiogram"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the hospital, the theatre, the ward and the anaesthetist",
    "cholangiogram, which falls under a different item"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-30443",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=30443&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, 75% benefit $576.70, the fee shown as applying from 1 July 2026. By any approach: the robot that adds 108,570 baht in Bangkok adds nothing here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gallbladder-removal#0",
   "on": "gallbladder-removal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gallbladder-removal",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 240930,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 7236.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room for 1.5 hours including theatre, nurse assisting surgeon and operating team",
    "single room for 1 night including nursing service and regular menu meals",
    "medical supplies and equipment used during surgery under the physician's consideration, specific model",
    "anaesthesia and necessary medication during the procedure",
    "doctor fees: surgeon, assistant surgeon, anaesthesiologist",
    "admission physician fees, one day of daily round physician fees and the discharge summary fee"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "expenses at the outpatient unit or before the operation",
    "inpatient stays beyond one day, intensive care, or nights past the day discharge was approved",
    "consultations with other specialists",
    "complex cases requiring emergency surgery or other conditions requiring equipment in excess of package",
    "blood transfusion, laboratory tests and other diagnostic tests before and after, such as blood testing, x-ray, ECG and biopsy charges",
    "items of a personal nature",
    "take-home medication and supplies"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-sur04",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/laparoscopic-cholecystectomy",
   "note": "package SUR04, listed at 240,930 THB against a struck-through 267,700 under a Special Campaign Discount Common Procedures label, prices stated valid until 31 December 2026. The exclusion for complex or converted cases is the sentence that decides whether the price holds.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "bangkok-hospital#1",
   "on": "bangkok-hospital",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "gallbladder-removal",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 330000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 9912.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "robotic-assisted cholecystectomy, level 2",
    "one night in hospital"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-cholecystectomy",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok/package/robotic-assisted-cholecystectomy-level-2-en",
   "note": "listed against a struck-through 348,000 baht, usable 31 July 2026 to 31 October 2026. Level 2 is the hospital's own complexity grade; the page read for this record printed no exclusion list, which is itself worth knowing before comparing it with a package that prints one.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gallbladder-removal#1",
   "on": "gallbladder-removal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gallbladder-removal",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 349500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 10497.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "robotic-assisted cholecystectomy, as listed on the surgical clinic's package page"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not itemised on the list page read for this record"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-surgical-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/packages-center/surgical-clinics",
   "note": "45% more than the same hospital's keyhole package for the same organ, read off the package list on 17 September 2026. Bangkok Hospital publishes a robotic cholecystectomy package of its own at a level of its own.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gallbladder-removal#2",
   "on": "gallbladder-removal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gallbladder-removal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 9867,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 11384.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "reimbursement",
   "includes": [
    "DRG H08B LAP CHOLECYSTECTOMY, MINC — the whole episode, priced at EUR 9,867 both as an inpatient inlier stay and as a day case"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "open cholecystectomy procedures, excluded from the group by name and priced separately at EUR 16,206 as an inpatient and EUR 10,466 as a day case",
    "stays beyond the high boundary, paid per diem on top",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:hse-cbd-niphs-drg-guide",
   "url": "https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents/CBD-NIPHS-Most-Common-Procedures-DRG-Guide.pdf",
   "note": "what Ireland repays a patient treated abroad under the Cross Border Directive or the Northern Ireland Planned Healthcare Scheme, and its own price for the admission. The same figure for a day case and for an overnight stay, which is a schedule saying the bed is not what it is paying for.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-balloon#0",
   "on": "gastric-balloon",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-balloon",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Tijuana",
   "amount": 1880,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 1880.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "stated as an all-inclusive starting price; the page publishes no itemised inclusion list for this line"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "airfare",
    "additional hotel nights",
    "extra medications",
    "financing fees",
    "services not listed in the personalized quote"
   ],
   "source": "s:tijuana-bariatric-center-cost",
   "url": "https://tijuanabariatriccenter.com/about/financing/bariatric-surgery-tijuana-cost/",
   "note": "the cheapest line in a column of eight bariatric prices, and the only one that is not an operation. The page does not state whether removal at the end of the placement period is inside the price. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-balloon#1",
   "on": "gastric-balloon",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-balloon",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 6000,
   "amount_high": 8500,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 6000.0,
   "usd_high": 8500.0,
   "as_of": "2026-05-06",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "the balloon device",
    "insertion procedure",
    "anaesthesia",
    "facility costs",
    "removal after 6 months",
    "pre-procedure consultation",
    "follow-up visits",
    "nutritionist support"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "pre-procedure medical clearance",
    "anti-nausea medication",
    "treatment of complications",
    "early removal if the patient cannot tolerate the device",
    "post-removal support",
    "food and supplement costs"
   ],
   "source": "s:bodevolve-balloon-cost",
   "url": "https://bodevolvebariatric.com/gastric-balloon-cost/",
   "note": "the Orbera range on a page dated 6 May 2026. Removal at six months is inside the price and early removal for intolerance is outside it, which prices the device's commonest failure against the patient.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-balloon#2",
   "on": "gastric-balloon",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-balloon",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 6000,
   "amount_high": 9000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 6000.0,
   "usd_high": 9000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-05-06",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "the balloon device",
    "placement",
    "follow-up visits",
    "nutritionist support"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "pre-procedure medical clearance",
    "anti-nausea medication",
    "treatment of complications",
    "post-removal support",
    "food and supplement costs"
   ],
   "source": "s:bodevolve-balloon-cost",
   "url": "https://bodevolvebariatric.com/gastric-balloon-cost/",
   "note": "the Allurion range on the same page; this design is stated to dissolve on its own after about four months, so no removal procedure is priced. A shorter placement period at the same price is a different purchase.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-bypass#0",
   "on": "gastric-bypass",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-bypass",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Tijuana",
   "amount": 5900,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 5900.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "pre-op consultations and medical evaluation",
    "pre-op blood work in Mexico",
    "the operation by a board-certified surgeon",
    "anaesthesia and anaesthesiologist fees",
    "hospital stay in a private room",
    "post-op hotel recovery",
    "airport, hotel and hospital transfers",
    "post-op medications",
    "bilingual coordinator",
    "nutrition support and follow-up calls"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "round-trip flights",
    "travel companion's hotel and meals",
    "pre-op blood work done in the home country",
    "lifetime daily multivitamins",
    "optional travel-complication insurance",
    "body-contouring surgery",
    "travel insurance for trip cancellation"
   ],
   "source": "s:alo-bariatrics-cost",
   "url": "https://www.alobariatrics.com/gastric-sleeve-cost/",
   "note": "listed as from 5,900 USD beside the same clinic's sleeve at from 4,500 USD, on a page read on 16 September 2026. The inclusion and exclusion lists are the page's own and are stated for the packages together; lifetime daily multivitamins are excluded by name from an operation that makes them compulsory.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-bypass#1",
   "on": "gastric-bypass",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-bypass",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Tijuana",
   "amount": 5980,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 5980.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "hospital and surgical team",
    "San Diego to Tijuana transportation",
    "hotel recovery stay",
    "anaesthesiologist fees",
    "one companion free"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "airfare",
    "additional hotel nights",
    "extra medications",
    "financing fees",
    "services not listed in the personalized quote"
   ],
   "source": "s:tijuana-bariatric-center-cost",
   "url": "https://tijuanabariatriccenter.com/about/financing/bariatric-surgery-tijuana-cost/",
   "note": "a starting price. The same column lists a mini gastric bypass at 5,780 USD, a SADI-S at 6,480 USD and a duodenal switch at 7,500 USD: four operations that differ in how much bowel is bypassed, sold 1,700 USD apart. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-sleeve#2",
   "on": "gastric-sleeve",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-sleeve",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 2500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2884.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "4 nights in hospital",
    "personal drivers for each trip",
    "interpreter in the clinic",
    "travel insurance"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights"
   ],
   "source": "s:euroistanbul-gastric-sleeve",
   "url": "https://www.euroistanbul.com/gastric-sleeve-all-inclusive-package/",
   "note": "listed at 2,500 EUR against a struck-through 2,950 EUR; read on 16 September 2026, the page carrying no date of its own. The inclusion list names the interpreter and the driver and does not name the surgeon's fee, the theatre or the medication either way.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "turkiye#2",
   "on": "turkiye",
   "on_type": "destination",
   "procedure": "gastric-sleeve",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 2600,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3000.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "surgery",
    "hospital stay",
    "hotel",
    "transfers",
    "nutritionist support",
    "aftercare"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights"
   ],
   "source": "s:carely-gastric-sleeve",
   "url": "https://carelyclinic.com/gastric-sleeve-turkey/",
   "note": "Carely Clinic, Istanbul, listed at EUR 2,600 against a struck-through EUR 3,715; the page states the price is valid until April 2026 and prints the same figure in dollars and sterling for its two biggest source markets.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-sleeve#0",
   "on": "gastric-sleeve",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-sleeve",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 2600,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3000.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "pre-operative tests",
    "the surgery",
    "3 nights hospitalization",
    "4 nights 5-star hotel",
    "airport, hotel and hospital transfers",
    "all medications",
    "post-operative leak tests",
    "lifetime nutritionist support",
    "emergency hotline access"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "treatment of complications after departure",
    "revision surgery"
   ],
   "source": "s:carely-gastric-sleeve",
   "url": "https://carelyclinic.com/gastric-sleeve-turkey/",
   "note": "the clinic states the price in three currencies at once — 2,600 EUR, 2,860 USD, 2,210 pounds — which is a page written for three source markets. Last updated January 2026, price stated valid until April 2026. The exclusions listed here are read from what the inclusion list does not contain rather than from a published exclusion list; the page publishes a 0.6% revision rate without publishing a revision price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-sleeve#1",
   "on": "gastric-sleeve",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-sleeve",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 2300,
   "amount_high": 2800,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 3100.0,
   "usd_high": 3773.0,
   "as_of": "2025-10-29",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "pre-operative consultation, blood tests, imaging and endoscopy",
    "surgeon and anaesthesiologist fees",
    "operating theatre, recovery room and ward stay",
    "one to two nights of inpatient care",
    "post-operative medications and vitamin supplements for the initial weeks",
    "airport transfers for the patient and one accompanying guest",
    "three to four nights hotel accommodation",
    "follow-up consultations by video for six months"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "vitamin supplements beyond the initial weeks",
    "follow-up past six months"
   ],
   "source": "s:hayatmed-gastric-sleeve",
   "url": "https://www.hayatmed.com/gastric-sleeve-for-weight-loss/",
   "note": "page states reviewed on 29 October 2025. Six months of video consultations is the follow-up promised; the supplementation this operation requires runs for life.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-sleeve#4",
   "on": "gastric-sleeve",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-sleeve",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Tijuana",
   "amount": 4295,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4295.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "preoperative blood work, EKG and physical evaluation",
    "ground transportation",
    "one night pre-op hotel",
    "two nights hospital",
    "one night post-op hotel",
    "surgeon fee",
    "anaesthesiologist fee",
    "antibiotics and pain medicine",
    "aftercare nurse coordinator"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:mexico-bariatrics-center-sleeve",
   "url": "https://mexicobariatricscenter.com/portfolio-items/gastric-sleeve-in-mexico/",
   "note": "stated as an all-inclusive package starting at 4,295 USD for a limited time; the page publishes an inclusion list and no exclusion list at all, which is a harder page to read than one that names what it leaves out. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-sleeve#3",
   "on": "gastric-sleeve",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-sleeve",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Tijuana",
   "amount": 4500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4500.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "pre-op consultations and medical evaluation",
    "all required pre-op blood work in Mexico",
    "vertical sleeve gastrectomy by a board-certified surgeon",
    "anaesthesia and anaesthesiologist fees",
    "1 to 2 nights hospital stay in a private room",
    "2 nights post-op hotel recovery",
    "airport, hotel and hospital transfers",
    "post-op medications",
    "bilingual coordinator",
    "nutrition support and follow-up calls"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "round-trip flights",
    "travel companion's hotel and meals",
    "pre-op blood work done in the home country",
    "lifetime daily multivitamins",
    "optional travel-complication insurance",
    "body-contouring surgery",
    "travel insurance for trip cancellation"
   ],
   "source": "s:alo-bariatrics-cost",
   "url": "https://www.alobariatrics.com/gastric-sleeve-cost/",
   "note": "listed as from 4,500 USD, read on 16 September 2026. The exclusion list names lifetime daily multivitamins, which is the operation's permanent cost written out in the small print of a price that calls itself all-inclusive.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "gastric-sleeve#5",
   "on": "gastric-sleeve",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "gastric-sleeve",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Tijuana",
   "amount": 4580,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4580.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "hospital and surgical team",
    "San Diego to Tijuana transportation",
    "hotel recovery stay",
    "anaesthesiologist fees",
    "one companion free"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "airfare",
    "additional hotel nights",
    "extra medications",
    "financing fees",
    "services not listed in the personalized quote"
   ],
   "source": "s:tijuana-bariatric-center-cost",
   "url": "https://tijuanabariatriccenter.com/about/financing/bariatric-surgery-tijuana-cost/",
   "note": "a starting price on a page that lists eight bariatric operations side by side, from a balloon at 1,880 USD to a duodenal switch at 7,500 USD. Read on 16 September 2026; the page carries no date of its own.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#11",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 2500,
   "amount_high": 6000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 2500.0,
   "usd_high": 6000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "turkiye#0",
   "on": "turkiye",
   "on_type": "destination",
   "procedure": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 2550,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2942.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "the procedure, up to 4,000 grafts",
    "hotel accommodation",
    "airport and hotel transfers",
    "aftercare products"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "travel insurance",
    "nights beyond the package",
    "personal expenses",
    "grafts above 4,000, which add EUR 900"
   ],
   "source": "s:cosmedica-price",
   "url": "https://cosmedica.com/price/",
   "note": "Cosmedica Clinic, Istanbul, sapphire FUE. The graft cap is the line to read: the price is per package, not per graft, and a megasession to 6,000 grafts is a separate surcharge.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hair-transplant-fue#3",
   "on": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AE",
   "city": "Dubai",
   "amount": 12000,
   "amount_high": 35000,
   "currency": "AED",
   "usd": 3268.0,
   "usd_high": 9530.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fees, anaesthesia, facility charges, graft extraction and implantation, and post-operative care including medications and follow-up visits, in the group's own words"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:dhi-dubai-cost",
   "url": "https://www.dhiinternational.com/cost-of-hair-transplant-in-dubai-dhi-medical-group/",
   "note": "the group's stated range for FUE in Dubai; it quotes FUT at 10,000 to 25,000 AED on the same page",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hair-transplant-fue#0",
   "on": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TR",
   "city": "Istanbul",
   "amount": 3395,
   "amount_high": 6595,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3917.0,
   "usd_high": 7609.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "a fixed session rather than a graft count: in the clinic's words, the maximum number of grafts necessary for the procedure at a fixed price",
    "MD participation in extraction and incision",
    "anaesthesia",
    "a PRP session",
    "hotel accommodation, three to four nights depending on package",
    "VIP transfer",
    "aftercare kit",
    "18 months of aftercare support"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "anything the clinic bills after the session"
   ],
   "source": "s:estenove-cost",
   "url": "https://www.estenove.com/hair-transplant-cost-istanbul-turkey/",
   "note": "three packages at 3,395, 4,595 and 6,595 EUR. The same page quotes a general Turkish per-graft range of 0.65 to 0.95 EUR and states that at this clinic the patient does not pay per graft.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hair-transplant-fue#1",
   "on": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "London",
   "amount": 3499,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 4715.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "pre-care, surgery and aftercare, in the clinic's words",
    "a stimulating laser session"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "nothing named: the page states there are no hidden costs, no added VAT and nothing extra for medication"
   ],
   "source": "s:wimpole-prices",
   "url": "https://wimpole.com/prices-how-much-does-hair-transplant-cost/",
   "note": "listed as 'from'. The same clinic states its average procedure runs between 3,500 and 7,000 GBP.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hair-transplant-fue#2",
   "on": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hair-transplant-fue",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 4820,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 6496.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "survey",
   "includes": [
    "the average quoted for a 1,500 graft procedure across the clinics that replied"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not applicable: this is a survey figure, not a bill"
   ],
   "source": "s:wimpole-uk-cost-survey",
   "url": "https://wimpole.com/blog/hair-transplant-cost-uk-analysis/",
   "note": "one clinic's own mystery-shopper survey: the same photograph of a Norwood stage 2-3 patient sent to 104 UK clinics, replies used from 58. Average 3.25 GBP per graft, quotes from 1,995 to 15,000 GBP, and a 2,100 graft spread in what the same head was told it needed.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "heart-valve-replacement#2",
   "on": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 2429.6,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 1732.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "item 38484: aortic or pulmonary valve replacement with bioprosthesis or mechanical prosthesis, including retrograde cardioplegia if performed"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the prosthesis",
    "the hospital, the theatre, the pump, the anaesthetist and the intensive care"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-38484",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=38484&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, 75% benefit $1,822.20, read on 17 September 2026. Item 38499, mitral or tricuspid replacement, carries the same fee — the schedule prices the operation by the work, not by which valve.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "heart-valve-replacement#0",
   "on": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 966000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 29014.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "valve replacement or repair, Level 1",
    "operating room and recovery room",
    "specified medical supplies and medications used during the procedure",
    "surgeon team and anaesthesiologist fees",
    "intermediate critical care unit and critical care unit",
    "standard inpatient room for the stated 8 nights",
    "hospital fee, meals and related equipment during the stay"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "special device used during the procedure — which is what a prosthetic valve is",
    "pre-assessment and medical clearance",
    "other specialists' consultations",
    "expense arising from underlying conditions",
    "extra nights in critical care or on the ward",
    "home medications, including the anticoagulant a mechanical valve commits the patient to"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-heart-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/package/heart-catheterization-surgery",
   "note": "Level 2 of the same package is 1,196,000 THB for the same 8 nights; the levels are not defined on the page. Prices stated valid until 31 October 2026. Replacement and repair are priced on one line, though only one of them buys a device.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "heart-valve-replacement#1",
   "on": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 1400000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 42049.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "totally 3D endoscopic valve replacement or repair",
    "7 nights in hospital",
    "theatre, surgical team and anaesthesiologist as specified"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "special device used during the procedure",
    "pre-assessment",
    "other specialists",
    "extra nights",
    "home medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-heart-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/package/heart-catheterization-surgery",
   "note": "listed at 1,400,000 THB against a struck-through 1,610,500 THB, marked New, 7 nights. The endoscopic route costs more than the open one and keeps the patient a night less.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "heart-valve-replacement#3",
   "on": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "heart-valve-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 40253,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 46443.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "DRG F04C CRD VLV INTERVTN+PMP-INV INVES, MINC — cardiac valve intervention with pump, without invasive cardiac investigation, at minor complexity, as an inlier inpatient episode"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "stays beyond the high boundary, paid per diem on top",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:hse-abf-2024-inpatient",
   "url": "https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents/ABF_2024_Admitted_Patient_Price_List_-_Inpatient_Only.pdf",
   "note": "the same group runs EUR 50,628 at intermediate complexity and EUR 80,201 at major; where the admission also includes invasive cardiac investigation the group is F03, at EUR 52,054 and EUR 70,953. One operation, six prices, sorted by how sick the patient is — the opposite of the Thai page's two undefined levels.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hernia-repair#3",
   "on": "hernia-repair",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hernia-repair",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 556.05,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 396.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "item 30648: femoral or inguinal hernia or infantile hydrocele, repair of, by open or minimally invasive approach, on a patient 10 years of age or over"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the hospital, the theatre, the ward, the anaesthetist and the mesh"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-30648",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=30648&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, 75% benefit $417.05, read on 17 September 2026. One fee whether the surgeon operates open or by keyhole — the opposite of the Thai page, where the route is the price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hernia-repair#2",
   "on": "hernia-repair",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hernia-repair",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 5151,
   "amount_high": 9046,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 5943.0,
   "usd_high": 10437.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "reimbursement",
   "includes": [
    "DRG G10B HERNIA INTERVENTIONS, MINC: repair of incisional, femoral, inguinal, umbilical or epigastric hernia",
    "the whole episode — EUR 5,151 as a day case, EUR 9,046 as an inlier inpatient stay"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "stays beyond the high boundary, paid per diem on top",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:hse-cbd-niphs-drg-guide",
   "url": "https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents/CBD-NIPHS-Most-Common-Procedures-DRG-Guide.pdf",
   "note": "what Ireland repays a patient treated abroad under the Cross Border Directive or the Northern Ireland Planned Healthcare Scheme, and its own price for the admission. The major-complexity version, G10A, is EUR 15,366. One price for five different hernias and for every surgical route.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hernia-repair#1",
   "on": "hernia-repair",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hernia-repair",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 199600,
   "amount_high": 430000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 5995.0,
   "usd_high": 12915.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the ladder of routes on one page: open one side 199,600 and both sides 304,700; laparoscopic 243,500 and 382,000; robotic-assisted 350,000 and 430,000; robotic umbilical repair 420,000"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "as the individual packages: outpatient charges, extra nights, other specialists, tests before and after, home medication"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-surgical-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/packages-center/surgical-clinics",
   "note": "read off the surgical clinic's package list on 17 September 2026. The robot adds 75% to the open price for the same hernia, and the second side adds between 53% and 57% rather than 100%.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hernia-repair#0",
   "on": "hernia-repair",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hernia-repair",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 243500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 7314.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room for 2 hours including theatre, nurse assisting surgeon and operating team",
    "single room for 1 night including nursing service and regular menu meals",
    "medical supplies and equipment used during surgery under the physician's consideration, specific model",
    "anaesthesia and necessary medication during the procedure",
    "doctor fees: surgeon, assistant surgeon, anaesthesiologist",
    "admission physician fees, one day of daily round physician fees and the discharge summary fee"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "expenses at the outpatient unit or before the operation",
    "inpatient stays beyond one day, intensive care, or nights past the day discharge was approved",
    "consultations with other specialists",
    "complex cases requiring emergency surgery or equipment beyond the package",
    "blood transfusion, laboratory tests and other diagnostic tests before and after the operation",
    "items of a personal nature",
    "take-home medication and supplies"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-sur05",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/laparoscopic-inguinal-hernia-repair-1-side",
   "note": "package SUR05, laparoscopic, one side, prices stated valid until 31 December 2026. Both sides is 382,000 THB. The mesh is not named anywhere on the page: it sits inside 'medical supplies and equipment used during surgery under the physician's consideration (specific model)'.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hip-replacement#4",
   "on": "hip-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hip-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1577.3,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 1124.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the medical service described in item 49318: total arthroplasty of hip, including minor bone grafting if performed"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospital accommodation and theatre",
    "the prosthesis",
    "the anaesthetist's own items",
    "any amount the surgeon charges above the schedule fee"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-49318",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=49318&qt=item",
   "note": "Medicare Benefits Schedule item 49318, fee last updated 1 July 2026. The 75% benefit — what Medicare pays towards a private in-hospital service — is $1,183.00, and the remainder falls to an insurer or the patient. *Trade practice —* the bed, the theatre and the prosthesis are paid on other schedules entirely, which is why a schedule fee and a package price can never be compared straight across.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hip-replacement#3",
   "on": "hip-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hip-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "LT",
   "city": "Kaunas",
   "amount": 4560,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 5261.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:nordorthopaedics-prices",
   "url": "https://www.nordorthopaedics.com/hip-knee-wrist-hand-ankle-foot-shoulder-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "advertised as \"from 4.560 € / 3.800 £\"; the price page carries no inclusion or exclusion list at all. The same page heads the list with an offer to help patients claim a refund from their home health board under the EU cross-border care route.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#1",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "hip-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 11000,
   "amount_high": 17000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 11000.0,
   "usd_high": 17000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hip-replacement#1",
   "on": "hip-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hip-replacement",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 420000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 12615.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room charges",
    "recovery room charges",
    "medical supplies",
    "fees of the surgical and anaesthesia teams",
    "standard room, nursing and meals for 4 nights",
    "medications related to the surgery to take home"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "implants",
    "medical clearance evaluation",
    "specialist consultant fees",
    "treatment of underlying conditions",
    "laboratory tests",
    "complications",
    "ICU or extended stay charges"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkok-hospital-hip-knee",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-bone-brain/package/hip-knee-surgery-packages",
   "note": "direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty, one side, four nights, implant excluded; the two-sided package on the same page is 713,000 THB for five nights. Prices stated valid until 31 December 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hip-replacement#0",
   "on": "hip-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hip-replacement",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 425200,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 12771.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating theatre 2.5 hours, including nursing and surgical team fees within those hours",
    "accommodation for 4 nights in the surgical ward",
    "medical equipment and medical supplies",
    "medications related to the procedure",
    "surgeon",
    "1 assistant surgeon if necessary",
    "anaesthesiologist",
    "physical therapy 7 sessions and occupational therapy 1 session"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "charges for implant",
    "consultation fee for an initial visit and follow-up visits",
    "inpatient stays beyond 4 nights, ICU, or stays past the approved discharge day",
    "specialist consultations",
    "outpatient fees before admission",
    "complex or emergency cases",
    "blood transfusion, laboratory tests and other diagnostic tests before and after operation",
    "take-home medications and medical supplies",
    "items of a personal nature"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-joint08",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/total-hip-replacement-surgery",
   "note": "package JOINT08, price stated valid until 31 December 2026. The hip package runs 68,700 baht above the same hospital's knee package and adds a night. Exclusion nine on the hospital's own list reads: not include charges for implant.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hip-replacement#2",
   "on": "hip-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hip-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "England",
   "amount": 13199,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 17788.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "pre-operative nurse review",
    "prescriptions, dressings and equipment",
    "anaesthetic",
    "any overnight stay required",
    "physiotherapy",
    "pathology and histology needed whilst admitted",
    "any post-operative appointments required",
    "a named consultant from start to finish"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the initial consultation, listed separately at £145, which the page says includes x-rays and blood tests"
   ],
   "source": "s:practiceplus-hip",
   "url": "https://practiceplusgroup.com/treatments/hip-surgery/",
   "note": "the group's published self-pay price for hip replacement; hip revision on the same list is £22,249 and hip resurfacing £13,999 at one hospital only. The implant is not named on either side of the list, which is a different silence from naming it as an exclusion.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hysterectomy#2",
   "on": "hysterectomy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hysterectomy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 807.6,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 576.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "item 35653: hysterectomy, abdominal, with or without removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the hospital, the theatre, the ward and the anaesthetist, billed under their own items"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-35653",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=35653&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, 75% benefit $605.70, the fee shown as applying from 1 July 2026. A surgeon's fee, not an admission — one sixteenth of the Irish figure beside it because it counts one sixteenth of the things.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hysterectomy#0",
   "on": "hysterectomy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hysterectomy",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 265000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 7959.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room for 3 hours, nurse assisting surgeon and operating team",
    "recovery room",
    "medications, medical supplies and equipment used during surgery under the physician's consideration",
    "anaesthesia and necessary medication during admission",
    "biopsy charges",
    "single room for 2 nights including nursing service and regular menu meals",
    "doctor fee including surgeon, assistant surgeon and anaesthesiologist"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "special medical supplies and special equipment used, such as the Ligasure generator or Thunderbeat",
    "expenses at the outpatient unit or before the operation",
    "laboratory tests, chest x-ray and ECG before and after surgery",
    "theatre and anaesthetist time beyond the hours specified",
    "care for a patient with an underlying disease",
    "the difference in room charge above the package",
    "take-home medication and supplies"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-gyne03",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/total-laparoscopic-hysterectomy",
   "note": "package GYNE03, listed at 265,000 THB against a struck-through 285,000 under a Gynecological Awareness Month 2026 offer, prices stated valid from 12 August to 31 October 2026. The energy devices named in the exclusion list are the instruments this operation is ordinarily performed with.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "hysterectomy#1",
   "on": "hysterectomy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "hysterectomy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 13282,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 15325.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "reimbursement",
   "includes": [
    "DRG N04B HYSTERECTOMY FOR N-MAL, MINC: abdominal and laparoscopic abdominal hysterectomies, total, subtotal or radical, and vaginal hysterectomy, total, subtotal or radical",
    "the whole inlier inpatient episode"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hysterectomy for malignancy, which falls in another group",
    "stays beyond the high boundary, paid per diem on top",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:hse-cbd-niphs-drg-guide",
   "url": "https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents/CBD-NIPHS-Most-Common-Procedures-DRG-Guide.pdf",
   "note": "what Ireland repays a patient who has this operation abroad under the Cross Border Directive or the Northern Ireland Planned Healthcare Scheme, and equally the Irish public system's own price for the admission. The major-complexity version, N04A, is EUR 19,412 on the same schedule.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "icl#0",
   "on": "icl",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "icl",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 129000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 3875.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fees, hospital fees and nursing fees for the surgery only",
    "medical device, such as the ICL — only the types specified in the package",
    "out-patient same-day surgery"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "physician's fees and any fees for consultations or pre-surgical screening",
    "medication, medical supplies and any other examinations or tests performed",
    "overnight stays, which incur additional charges",
    "the second eye"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-icl-single-eye",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/icl-single-eye",
   "note": "package IPDEYE42, one eye, prices stated valid until 31 December 2026 and 'subject to change with no notice'. The toric version, for eyes with astigmatism, is 161,000 THB on the same list.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "icl#1",
   "on": "icl",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "icl",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 161000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 4836.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "toric ICL, single eye, on the same package terms"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "as the standard ICL package: consultations, screening, medication, other tests, overnight stay, the second eye"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-eye-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/packages-center/eye-center",
   "note": "the astigmatism-correcting lens is 32,000 baht more than the plain one at the same hospital on the same day — a device tier, read off the eye centre's package list on 17 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "icl#2",
   "on": "icl",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "icl",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 3595,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 4845.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "EVO ICL, one eye",
    "virtual consultation",
    "full eye health check",
    "treatment plan",
    "the treatment",
    "aftercare"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second eye"
   ],
   "source": "s:optegra-icl-costs",
   "url": "https://www.optegra.com/laser-eye-surgery/icl-evo/costs/",
   "note": "stated per eye as a fixed price. The same provider's laser page prices LASIK at £2,095 and LASEK at £1,495 per eye, which puts the implant at one and a half to two and a half times the laser. The page carries no date of its own and was read on 17 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "icsi#1",
   "on": "icsi",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "icsi",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 190,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 219.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "injection of a single sperm into an egg, one single egg",
    "priced for IVF min and IVF native"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the cycle itself"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"ICSI of a single egg\". A native cycle at 1,100 EUR plus one injection at 190 EUR is a different bill from the 3,245 EUR cycle that includes it.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "icsi#0",
   "on": "icsi",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "icsi",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 620,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 715.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "injection of a single sperm into an egg, all eggs",
    "priced for IVF treatment"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the cycle itself"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"ICSI all\" on the self-payer list valid from 1 January 2026. The same list already folds ICSI into the 3,245 EUR standard cycle, so this line is charged against the minimal-stimulation and native cycles that exclude it.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "icsi#3",
   "on": "icsi",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "icsi",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GR",
   "city": "Thessaloniki",
   "amount": 3860,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 4454.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "ICSI",
    "initial consultation",
    "follow-ups",
    "ultrasounds",
    "sedation",
    "blastocyst culture",
    "assisted hatching",
    "sperm freezing",
    "first embryo transfer"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "preliminary investigations",
    "extra tests",
    "medications",
    "embryo storage"
   ],
   "source": "s:newlife-ivf-costs",
   "url": "https://www.newlife-ivf.co.uk/ivf-costs",
   "note": "the Thessaloniki clinic sells one line, IVF/ICSI, at one price; ICSI carries no separate charge and no separate consent on the price page. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "icsi#2",
   "on": "icsi",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "icsi",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "ES",
   "city": "Barcelona",
   "amount": 5290,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 6104.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "ICSI",
    "EmbryoScope+",
    "blastocyst culture",
    "first transfer"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:fertilab-pricing",
   "url": "https://fertilab.com/en/pricing/",
   "note": "the clinic's single line reads \"In Vitro Fertilisation IVF (ICSI)\" — one price, both words, no separable ICSI charge. Read on 16 September 2026; special prices stated to hold for reservations until 30 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "ivf#2",
   "on": "ivf",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 1100,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 1269.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "consultation",
    "cycle monitoring",
    "egg retrieval",
    "sperm analysis and preparation",
    "embryo transfer (fresh embryo)"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "2x STDs testing",
    "ICSI",
    "extended cultivation",
    "MFSS / MACS",
    "PICSI",
    "EmbryoGlue",
    "TimeLaps cultivation",
    "cryopreservation",
    "general anesthesia"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"IVF native cycle\" — no stimulation, so one egg at most, and ICSI, extended cultivation and freezing all sit outside. The cheapest number on the list is the one buying least.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "czechia#0",
   "on": "czechia",
   "on_type": "destination",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 3000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3461.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "the cycle with the patient's own eggs",
    "basic laboratory methods"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medication",
    "genetic testing",
    "storage",
    "travel"
   ],
   "source": "s:pronatal-prices",
   "url": "https://www.pronatal.cz/en/price-list/",
   "note": "PRONATAL, Prague, stated as a starting price. Medication is the line most often left out of a fertility comparison and can run to four figures on its own.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "ivf#0",
   "on": "ivf",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 3245,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 3744.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "consultation",
    "treatment plan",
    "protocol preparation",
    "stimulation process monitoring",
    "egg retrieval",
    "sperm analysis and preparation",
    "ICSI",
    "extended cultivation",
    "embryotransfer (fresh embryo)"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "2x STDs testing",
    "MFSS / MACS",
    "PICSI",
    "EmbryoGlue",
    "TimeLaps cultivation",
    "cryopreservation",
    "general anesthesia"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"IVF cycle with own eggs (IVF)\" on the clinic's self-payer price list, valid from 1 January 2026. Stimulation medication appears nowhere in the inclusion column of any line on the five-page list. General anaesthesia for the egg collection is a separate 205 EUR.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "ivf#4",
   "on": "ivf",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GR",
   "city": "Thessaloniki",
   "amount": 3860,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 4454.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "initial consultation",
    "follow-ups",
    "ultrasounds",
    "sedation",
    "ICSI",
    "blastocyst culture",
    "assisted hatching",
    "sperm freezing",
    "first embryo transfer"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "preliminary investigations",
    "extra tests",
    "medications",
    "embryo storage",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:newlife-ivf-costs",
   "url": "https://www.newlife-ivf.co.uk/ivf-costs",
   "note": "IVF/ICSI cycle with own eggs at the clinic in Thessaloniki, read on 16 September 2026; the page carries no date of its own. Medications are named in the exclusion list. The same page sells three retrievals for 8,750 EUR.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "ivf#5",
   "on": "ivf",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "Syracuse",
   "amount": 4999,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4999.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-07",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "ICSI as standard",
    "assisted hatching as standard",
    "cryopreservation as standard"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "monitoring",
    "medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:cny-ivf-cost",
   "url": "https://www.cnyfertility.com/ivf-cost/",
   "note": "the clinic's own base IVF price on a page dated 7 July 2026. The same page puts its complete cycle at 7,994 to 12,888 USD once monitoring and add-ons are counted, and medications at about 2,700 USD typically, 1,500 to over 7,000 USD across protocols.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "ivf#1",
   "on": "ivf",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 4985,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 5752.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "consultation",
    "treatment plan",
    "protocol preparation",
    "stimulation process monitoring",
    "egg retrieval under general anesthesia",
    "sperm analysis and preparation",
    "embryo transfer (fresh or frozen embryo) up to six months after fertilization",
    "2x STDs testing",
    "ICSI",
    "extended cultivation",
    "cryopreservation of all embryos and 1 year of storage"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "MFSS / MACS",
    "PICSI",
    "EmbryoGlue",
    "TimeLaps cultivation"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"IVF cycle with own eggs - Optimal\". The 1,740 EUR between this and the plain cycle buys the anaesthetic, the screening tests, the freezing and a year of storage — the four items the cheaper line leaves out.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "ivf#3",
   "on": "ivf",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "ES",
   "city": "Barcelona",
   "amount": 5290,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 6104.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "EmbryoScope+",
    "blastocyst culture",
    "first transfer",
    "ICSI"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:fertilab-pricing",
   "url": "https://fertilab.com/en/pricing/",
   "note": "line \"In Vitro Fertilisation IVF (ICSI)\", read on 16 September 2026; the page states special prices for reservations until 30 September 2026. The page lists what each treatment includes and says nothing either way about stimulation medication — an empty exclusion column is not the same as an inclusive price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "ivf#6",
   "on": "ivf",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "ivf",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "Syracuse",
   "amount": 7994,
   "amount_high": 12888,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 7994.0,
   "usd_high": 12888.0,
   "as_of": "2026-07-07",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "a complete cycle including monitoring and standard add-ons"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:cny-ivf-cost",
   "url": "https://www.cnyfertility.com/ivf-cost/",
   "note": "the clinic's own range for what it calls a complete cycle, against unattributed national figures of 19,500 to 29,700 USD given on the same page. The national range has no source named on the page and is not carried as a price row here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "kidney-transplant#0",
   "on": "kidney-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "kidney-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 446800,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 446800.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2025",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "30 days pretransplant, $30,900",
    "procurement, $135,400",
    "hospital transplant admission, $142,500",
    "physician services during the admission, $22,100",
    "180 days posttransplant discharge, $88,200",
    "outpatient immunosuppressants and other prescriptions, $27,700"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anything outside the window of 30 days before admission to 180 days after discharge",
    "immunosuppressants past that window, which the recipient takes for the life of the graft",
    "the difference between a billed charge and a negotiated rate"
   ],
   "source": "s:milliman-transplant-2025",
   "url": "https://www.milliman.com/en/insight/2025-us-organ-and-tissue-transplants-costs-utilization",
   "note": "an actuarial estimate of US average billed charges, not a quoted price. Procurement is the second largest line and is the one that has no equivalent on any other price page in this directory.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-arthroscopy#3",
   "on": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 795.05,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 567.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the medical service described in item 49572: partial meniscectomy of knee, by arthroscopic means, for atraumatic meniscus tear"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "a service for the purpose of treating osteoarthritis, which the item excludes in its own wording",
    "hospital accommodation and theatre",
    "the anaesthetist's own items",
    "any amount charged above the schedule fee"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-49572",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=49572&qt=item",
   "note": "Medicare Benefits Schedule item 49572, fee last updated 1 July 2026; 75% benefit $596.30. The item is the clearest example in this batch of a payer writing a contested indication into the price itself.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-arthroscopy#2",
   "on": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "LT",
   "city": "Kaunas",
   "amount": 1500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 1731.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:nordorthopaedics-prices",
   "url": "https://www.nordorthopaedics.com/hip-knee-wrist-hand-ankle-foot-shoulder-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "advertised as \"from 1.500 € / 1.250 £\", the lowest orthopaedic figure read for this batch; the page states no inclusion list.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#4",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 3000,
   "amount_high": 7000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 3000.0,
   "usd_high": 7000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-arthroscopy#0",
   "on": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 243300,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 7308.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "arthroscopic surgery to repair or resect the meniscus",
    "debridement, abrasive chondroplasty, synovectomy",
    "cartilage procedures such as microfracture",
    "1 night of hospital stay"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-joint-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/packages-center/joint-replacement-surgery",
   "note": "listed at 243,300 THB against 270,300 THB under a campaign the page labels \"Special Campaign Discount Common Procedures\". Repair and resection — two operations with different recoveries — are priced as one package. The per-package exclusion list sits on the package's own detail page, not read for this record.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-arthroscopy#1",
   "on": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "England",
   "amount": 5899,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 7950.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "pre-operative nurse review",
    "prescriptions, dressings and equipment",
    "anaesthetic",
    "any overnight stay required",
    "physiotherapy",
    "pathology and histology needed whilst admitted",
    "any post-operative appointments required",
    "a named knee consultant from start to finish"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the initial consultation, listed separately at £145"
   ],
   "source": "s:practiceplus-knee",
   "url": "https://practiceplusgroup.com/treatments/knee-surgery/",
   "note": "knee arthroscopy and knee repair — meniscus surgery are both listed at £5,899 on the same page, which prices the camera rather than what is done through it.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "bangkok-hospital#0",
   "on": "bangkok-hospital",
   "on_type": "facility",
   "procedure": "knee-arthroscopy",
   "facility": "bangkok-hospital",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 272000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 8170.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "arthroscopic knee surgery with meniscus repair, one side",
    "one night in hospital"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the implant, which the package title states"
   ],
   "source": "s:bangkokhospital-knee-arthroscopy",
   "url": "https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok/package/arthroscopic-knee-with-meniscus-repair-1-side-exclude-implant-en",
   "note": "listed against a struck-through 286,000 baht, usable 31 July 2026 to 31 October 2026. One side means one knee. The campaign terms require a bill of at least 100,000 baht and one night on the ward.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#0",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "knee-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 10000,
   "amount_high": 16000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 10000.0,
   "usd_high": 16000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-replacement#0",
   "on": "knee-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-replacement",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 356500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 10707.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating theatre, 3 hours",
    "nursing and surgical team fees within those 3 hours",
    "3 nights in the surgical ward",
    "medical equipment and supplies",
    "medications related to the procedure",
    "surgeon",
    "assistant surgeon if needed",
    "anaesthesiologist"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the implant",
    "first consultation and follow-up visits",
    "specialist consultations",
    "nights beyond 3, and any ICU",
    "blood transfusion",
    "laboratory and imaging before or after surgery",
    "take-home medication",
    "outpatient charges before admission",
    "complex or emergency cases",
    "patients the hospital rates high risk: organ failure, severe systemic disease at ASA classification III and above, a myocardial infarction within four weeks, HIV infection, or a previous knee operation unless the attending physician decides otherwise"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-joint04",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/total-knee-replacement-surgery",
   "note": "package JOINT04, price stated valid until 31 December 2026. The exclusion list is longer than the inclusion list, and the implant — often the single largest line on a knee bill — sits on it. The page also carries an eligibility block above the inclusion list: the package is for the patient without complication, and it names who does not qualify. A package price is therefore a price for the straightforward case, which is the thing it is easy to read past.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-replacement#1",
   "on": "knee-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-replacement",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 525600,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 15786.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "both knees in one admission"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the implant"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages",
   "note": "bilateral, listed at 525,600 THB against a struck-through 584,000 THB. Two knees for less than twice one knee is the usual shape of a bilateral price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-replacement#3",
   "on": "knee-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 13799,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 18596.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-04",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "pre-operative nurse review",
    "prescriptions, dressings and equipment",
    "the anaesthetic",
    "any overnight stay required",
    "physiotherapy",
    "pathology and histology needed whilst admitted",
    "any post-operative appointments required",
    "a named consultant from start to finish"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the initial consultation, listed separately at £145"
   ],
   "source": "s:practiceplus-knee",
   "url": "https://practiceplusgroup.com/treatments/knee-surgery/",
   "note": "Self-pay list price, the page stating \"Prices correct as at April 2026\". Seven of the nine things the Bangkok package excludes sit inside this one. The implant is named on neither side — not as an inclusion here and not as a price anywhere this project could read — which is a different silence from the Bangkok exclusion rather than a smaller one.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "knee-replacement#2",
   "on": "knee-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "knee-replacement",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 945000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 28383.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "both knees",
    "robotic assistance (MAKO)"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the implant"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages",
   "note": "robot-assisted bilateral, listed at 945,000 THB against a struck-through 1,050,000 THB. The robot is a price tier, and whether it changes outcomes is argued in the literature rather than settled.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "lasik#3",
   "on": "lasik",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "lasik",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CA",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 490,
   "amount_high": 3090,
   "currency": "CAD",
   "usd": 352.0,
   "usd_high": 2221.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "LASIK, one eye, at the technology tier the price buys"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second eye",
    "the optional Vision Enhancement Plan the page names for future enhancements"
   ],
   "source": "s:lasikmd-pricing",
   "url": "https://www.lasikmd.com/cost-and-affordability/pricing",
   "note": "the page states 'LASIK starting at $490 per eye' and 'Custom LASIK up to $3,090/eye'. A sixfold spread inside one provider and one country, which is the clearest illustration on this page that a per-eye laser price is a tier rather than a figure. The footer states prices vary by market, technology, prescription strength and plan selected, and change without notice.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "lasik#1",
   "on": "lasik",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "lasik",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 2495,
   "amount_high": 2895,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 2495.0,
   "usd_high": 2895.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "all-laser LASIK, one eye",
    "pre-operative exams",
    "follow-up care"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second eye",
    "any enhancement outside the stated period"
   ],
   "source": "s:lasikplus-lasik-cost",
   "url": "https://www.lasikplus.com/cost-of-lasik/",
   "note": "stated as starting between $2,495 and $2,895 per eye 'before any discounts or promotions'. The same page cites a Market Scope survey range of $1,500 to $5,000 per eye nationally — a figure from a commercial survey, carried here as the page's own citation rather than as a price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "lasik#0",
   "on": "lasik",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "lasik",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 2095,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 2823.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "LASIK, one eye",
    "consultations",
    "treatment",
    "aftercare",
    "medication",
    "any enhancement treatment if clinically required"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the second eye"
   ],
   "source": "s:optegra-laser-costs",
   "url": "https://www.optegra.com/laser-eye-surgery/costs/",
   "note": "the provider's own table, stated per eye: LASEK £1,495, LASIK £2,095, ReLEx SMILE £2,695, Presbyond £2,995, with finance quoted from £36 a month on a 20% deposit over 60 months. The page carries no date of its own and was read on 17 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "lasik#2",
   "on": "lasik",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "lasik",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 102000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 3064.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "ReLEx SMILE laser vision correction for both eyes",
    "the doctor's fee for the procedure"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the doctor's fee for the initial consultation",
    "the examinations that determine whether the procedure is suitable"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-relex-smile",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/relex-smile",
   "note": "package IPDEYE34. This is SMILE, not LASIK — the hospital's eye centre sells the lenticule operation rather than the flap one on the page read for this record — and it is carried on this page because it is the same purchase for the same patient, at a price for two eyes that is below the British per-eye figure for the same technique.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liposuction#1",
   "on": "liposuction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "liposuction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 19500,
   "amount_high": 85000,
   "currency": "CZK",
   "usd": 926.0,
   "usd_high": 4036.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "MicroAire liposuction, one area at the bottom of the range, four areas at the top"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:premier-clinic-prague-prices",
   "url": "https://www.premier-clinic.cz/en/price-list-plastic-surgery/",
   "note": "one area from 19,500 CZK, two from 56,000, three from 72,500, four from 85,000. The jump from one area to two is larger than any step after it.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#8",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "liposuction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1500,
   "amount_high": 4000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 1500.0,
   "usd_high": 4000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liposuction#0",
   "on": "liposuction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "liposuction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 55000,
   "amount_high": 74000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 1652.0,
   "usd_high": 2223.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one site, tumescent technique, at the bottom of the range",
    "one night on the ward"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "55,000 THB per site tumescent; named regions - both arms, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, hip and waist per side, back - at 66,000 THB; outer and inner thighs and calves at 74,000 THB",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liposuction#2",
   "on": "liposuction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "liposuction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Szczecin",
   "amount": 12000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "PLN",
   "usd": 3189.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "fat aspiration"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospitalisation, listed separately at 800 PLN a day",
    "the number of areas is not stated"
   ],
   "source": "s:artplastica-cennik",
   "url": "https://www.artplastica.pl/cennik-zabiegi-operacje-plastyczne/",
   "note": "listed as 'from', with the clinic's statement that prices are indicative",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liposuction#3",
   "on": "liposuction",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "liposuction",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 4711,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4711.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "survey",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fee only"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anesthesia",
    "operating room facilities",
    "other related expenses"
   ],
   "source": "s:asps-cost-liposuction",
   "url": "https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuction/cost",
   "note": "no year named on the page; the row carries the date it was read",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liver-transplant#1",
   "on": "liver-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "liver-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IN",
   "city": "New Delhi",
   "amount": 1800000,
   "amount_high": 2000000,
   "currency": "INR",
   "usd": 18752.0,
   "usd_high": 20836.0,
   "as_of": "2026",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "pre-operative evaluation and testing",
    "donor matching",
    "surgery, anaesthesia and surgeon fees",
    "hospital accommodation and intensive care",
    "medications",
    "post-transplant follow-up and monitoring"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "nothing is named as excluded on the page, which is itself the gap",
    "travel, accommodation for the family, and the donor's lost earnings"
   ],
   "source": "s:psri-liver-cost-2026",
   "url": "https://psrihospital.com/liver-transplant-cost-in-india-from-diagnosis-to-recovery/",
   "note": "living-donor transplant, standard cases, on the hospital's own page. The inclusion list is a prose sentence rather than a package schedule, and the page carries no validity date. The same hospital advertises medical visa letters and embassy documentation for international patients.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liver-transplant#2",
   "on": "liver-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "liver-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IN",
   "city": "New Delhi",
   "amount": 3000000,
   "amount_high": 3500000,
   "currency": "INR",
   "usd": 31253.0,
   "usd_high": 36462.0,
   "as_of": "2026",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "deceased-donor transplants and complex cases, the page naming transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma among them"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the same unnamed remainder as the row above"
   ],
   "source": "s:psri-liver-cost-2026",
   "url": "https://psrihospital.com/liver-transplant-cost-in-india-from-diagnosis-to-recovery/",
   "note": "the upper band on the same page. The distance between 18 lakh and 35 lakh is the difference between a straightforward living-donor case and a cancer case, not between two hospitals.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "liver-transplant#0",
   "on": "liver-transplant",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "liver-transplant",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1017800,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 1017800.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2025",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "estimated average billed charges for one liver transplant episode"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the difference between a billed charge and a negotiated or paid rate",
    "immunosuppressants for the life of the graft"
   ],
   "source": "s:milliman-transplant-table-2025",
   "url": "https://assets.milliman.com/downloads/2025-organ-transplant/index-font-2.html",
   "note": "an actuarial estimate, not a quoted price and not a bill anyone paid. The same table puts a kidney at 446,800 and a double lung at 2,346,500, and estimates 10,916 liver transplants in the United States in 2025. Its own footer reads: NOTE: ALL DATA IS ESTIMATED.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "panchakarma#1",
   "on": "panchakarma",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "panchakarma",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "LK",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 100,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 115.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one day of prescribed Ayurveda treatment, mandatory for every guest"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the room, charged separately at 200 to 450 EUR a night single by category, full board with transfers and excursions",
    "air conditioning, a supplement of 15 EUR a day where available"
   ],
   "source": "s:barberyn-summer-rates",
   "url": "https://www.barberynresorts.com/faq/waves_summer-rates/",
   "note": "treatment at 100 EUR a day or 700 a week, quoted for the season 15 April to 30 November 2026. This resort splits bed from treatment, which makes its day rate the most directly comparable figure on the record.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "panchakarma#0",
   "on": "panchakarma",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "panchakarma",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IN",
   "city": "Kovalam",
   "amount": 2422,
   "amount_high": 3668,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2794.0,
   "usd_high": 4232.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "fourteen nights, single occupancy, standard cottage",
    "doctor's consultations",
    "treatments in the plan, to a stated value of 140 EUR a day per person",
    "medication",
    "Ayurvedic full board",
    "yoga and meditation",
    "airport transfers for stays of seven days or more",
    "a Backwaters excursion for stays of fourteen days or more",
    "all applicable taxes"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "room-only stays, which the resort states it confirms only in connection with a package"
   ],
   "source": "s:somatheeram-tariff-2025-26",
   "url": "https://somatheeram-c3c5.kxcdn.com/pricelists/somatheeram-tariff-en-eur-2025-2026.pdf",
   "note": "Body Purification Package, the tariff's panchakarma line. 2,422 EUR is low season (June to September), 3,668 EUR peak (December to March), both single in the cheapest room category; the top suite runs 5,614 to 8,736 EUR for the same fourteen nights. Tariff validity 01.10.2025 to 30.09.2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "panchakarma#2",
   "on": "panchakarma",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "panchakarma",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "DE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 4090,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 4719.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "thirteen nights of the classic Panchakarma cure treatment package",
    "medical consultations: initial pulse reading, therapy plan, follow-ups and final consultation",
    "eight synchronised treatments and nine further treatments including oil pouring, herbal steam and medicated enemas",
    "daily yoga, meditation and lectures",
    "use of the spa facilities"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "room and full board, quoted separately from 4,160 EUR"
   ],
   "source": "s:parkschloesschen-panchakarma",
   "url": "https://www.ayurveda-parkschloesschen.de/uebersicht/panchakarma_kur_klassisch/",
   "note": "treatment and bed priced apart, as in Sri Lanka; together the thirteen nights run from 8,250 EUR",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "pgt#0",
   "on": "pgt",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "pgt",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 600,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 692.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "biopsy and examination of 1 embryo, PGT-A or PGT-SR"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the IVF cycle",
    "freezing and storage",
    "consultation of the results, listed at 40 EUR"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "per embryo. Six embryos is 3,600 EUR, which is more than the clinic's whole standard IVF cycle at 3,245 EUR. Valid from 1 January 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "pgt#1",
   "on": "pgt",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "pgt",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 1995,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 2302.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "preparation for karyomapping, PGT-M"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the biopsy and examination of each embryo, listed at 775 EUR each",
    "Sanger sequencing where karyomapping cannot be used, listed at 740 EUR"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "testing for a named inherited condition is a fixed set-up charge plus a per-embryo charge, so the family with a known condition pays a different shape of bill from the patient buying chromosome screening.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "pgt#3",
   "on": "pgt",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "pgt",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "Syracuse",
   "amount": 3899,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 3899.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-07",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "preimplantation genetic testing, listed as starting at this price"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the IVF cycle",
    "medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:cny-ivf-cost",
   "url": "https://www.cnyfertility.com/ivf-cost/",
   "note": "the clinic states the typical total starts here and depends on the number of embryos tested; page dated 7 July 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "pgt#2",
   "on": "pgt",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "pgt",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 7775,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 8971.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "consultation, treatment plan, protocol preparation, stimulation monitoring",
    "egg retrieval under general anesthesia",
    "sperm preparation and MFSS / MACS",
    "2x STDs testing",
    "ICSI",
    "extended cultivation",
    "PGT-A of all embryos",
    "consultation of PGT-A results with a geneticist",
    "cryopreservation of all embryos and 1 year of storage",
    "embryo transfer (frozen embryo) up to six months after fertilization"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "PICSI",
    "EmbryoGlue",
    "TimeLaps cultivation"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"IVF cycle with own eggs - Genetic Insight\": a cycle with unlimited PGT-A folded in, at 4,530 EUR above the clinic's plain cycle. A bundle removes the per-embryo arithmetic and with it the comparison.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "phalloplasty#1",
   "on": "phalloplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "phalloplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 228800,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 6872.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "vaginal closure after a hysterectomy performed elsewhere",
    "5 nights"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the phalloplasty itself and every other stage"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "the same row costs 199,000 baht where the earlier stage was done at this hospital and 228,800 where it was done, in the table's own words, at Other Places. A published surcharge for arriving mid-course from another surgeon is unusual enough to carry on its own.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "phalloplasty#0",
   "on": "phalloplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "phalloplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 426000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 12795.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "14 nights in hospital, as stated in the nights column"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "urethral prefabrication of the forearm, listed separately at 97,700 with 1 night",
    "vaginal closure, listed at 199,000 with 5 nights where the earlier hysterectomy was done at the same hospital",
    "coronoplasty at 96,000",
    "penile prosthesis at 99,000 and scrotal prosthesis at 96,000, both stated to exclude the implant",
    "everything outside the ward: hotel, flights, the weeks between stages"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "listed as STAGE 3: Total Phalloplasty. The table carries no validity date and no inclusion list. Its exclusion of the prosthesis implants is the same move a joint package makes when it excludes the joint.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "phalloplasty#2",
   "on": "phalloplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "phalloplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "San Francisco",
   "amount": 35000,
   "amount_high": 50000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 35000.0,
   "usd_high": 50000.0,
   "as_of": "2024-10-15",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "hospital stays",
    "post-operative supplies while in the hospital",
    "occupational therapy"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medications",
    "travel",
    "cash-paying patients altogether: the page states phalloplasty is not available to them and requires insurance pre-approval"
   ],
   "source": "s:gcc-bottom-surgery-cost",
   "url": "https://www.genderconfirmation.com/bottom-surgery-cost/",
   "note": "the practice's own estimate, on a page marked medically reviewed 15 October 2024. Metoidioplasty is estimated at 23,000 to 24,500 dollars on the same page and is available without insurance, as are vaginectomy, scrotectomy and groin flap phalloplasty.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "prostatectomy#3",
   "on": "prostatectomy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "prostatectomy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1907.25,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 1359.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "item 37210: radical prostatectomy involving total excision of the prostate, sparing of nerves around the prostate where clinically indicated, with or without bladder neck reconstruction"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the hospital, the theatre, the ward, the anaesthetist and the robot",
    "services to which certain other items apply, named in the descriptor"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-37210",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=37210&qt=item",
   "note": "the Medicare Benefits Schedule fee, 75% benefit $1,430.45, the fee shown as applying from 1 July 2026. The descriptor is the only document on this page that mentions nerve sparing, which is the part of the operation patients ask about.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "prostatectomy#1",
   "on": "prostatectomy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "prostatectomy",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 216000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 6488.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "transurethral resection of the prostate for benign enlargement, under general anaesthesia or spinal block",
    "three nights in hospital, as stated on the package list"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not itemised on the list page read for this record"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-urology-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/packages-center/urology-center",
   "note": "the same price under either anaesthetic. It is the other operation the word prostatectomy covers, and at a fifth of the robotic radical price it is the figure a reader is most likely to mistake for it. The same list carries Urolift at 330,000 THB and water vapour therapy at 261,300 THB for the same benign condition.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "prostatectomy#2",
   "on": "prostatectomy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "prostatectomy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "IE",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 19899,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 22959.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "DRG M01B MAJOR MALE PELVIC INTERVTNS, MINC — the inlier inpatient episode, at minor complexity"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "stays beyond the high boundary, paid per diem on top",
    "travel and accommodation"
   ],
   "source": "s:hse-abf-2024-inpatient",
   "url": "https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents/ABF_2024_Admitted_Patient_Price_List_-_Inpatient_Only.pdf",
   "note": "the Irish public system's own price for the admission, and the ceiling on what it repays a patient treated abroad. Major complexity, M01A, is EUR 26,820; a transurethral prostatectomy, M02B, is EUR 8,363 — the same five-to-one ratio between the two operations as on the Thai package list, arrived at by a different method.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "prostatectomy#0",
   "on": "prostatectomy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "prostatectomy",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 1014000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 30456.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room for 5 hours including theatre, nurse assisting surgeon and operating team",
    "single room for 4 nights including nursing service and regular menu meals",
    "medical supplies and equipment used during surgery under the physician's consideration, specific model",
    "anaesthesia and necessary medication during the procedure",
    "biopsy charges for 3 specimens",
    "doctor fees: surgeon, assistant surgeon, anaesthesiologist and pathologist"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "expenses at the outpatient unit or before the operation",
    "stays beyond four days, intensive care, or nights past the day discharge was approved",
    "consultations with other specialists",
    "complex cases requiring emergency surgery or equipment beyond the package",
    "admission physician fees, daily round physician fees and the discharge summary fee",
    "blood transfusion, laboratory tests and imaging before and after the operation",
    "take-home medication and supplies"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-robotic05",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/robotic-assisted-radical-prostatectomy-ga-tiva",
   "note": "package ROBOTIC05, prices stated valid until 31 December 2026 and the service available for 365 days from purchase. The ward round is on the exclusion list of the hospital's million-baht package and on the inclusion list of its quarter-million-baht one.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "rhinoplasty#0",
   "on": "rhinoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "rhinoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 30000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 901.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "augmentation rhinoplasty with a standard nose implant"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "stated nights on the ward: the table shows none for this line"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "the same table prices a USA implant at 40,000 THB, a Korean implant at 50,000 THB, an open-technique rhinoplasty at 105,000 THB and a rib-graft reconstruction at 220,000 THB with one night. The page carries no validity date and no inclusion list.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#6",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "rhinoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 2000,
   "amount_high": 5000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 2000.0,
   "usd_high": 5000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "rhinoplasty#1",
   "on": "rhinoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "rhinoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Prague",
   "amount": 51300,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "CZK",
   "usd": 2436.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "full nose surgery, open rhinoplasty"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "not stated on the page"
   ],
   "source": "s:premier-clinic-prague-prices",
   "url": "https://www.premier-clinic.cz/en/price-list-plastic-surgery/",
   "note": "listed as 'from'; full nose surgery including alar reduction is listed from 61,500 CZK",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "rhinoplasty#2",
   "on": "rhinoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "rhinoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Szczecin",
   "amount": 23000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "PLN",
   "usd": 6112.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "full osteocartilaginous nose correction"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospitalisation, listed separately at 800 PLN a day"
   ],
   "source": "s:artplastica-cennik",
   "url": "https://www.artplastica.pl/cennik-zabiegi-operacje-plastyczne/",
   "note": "the clinic states the listed prices are indicative and may change at the individual medical consultation",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "rhinoplasty#3",
   "on": "rhinoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "rhinoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 7637,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 7637.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "survey",
   "includes": [
    "surgeon fee only"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "anesthesia",
    "operating room facilities",
    "other related expenses"
   ],
   "source": "s:asps-cost-rhinoplasty",
   "url": "https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/rhinoplasty/cost",
   "note": "the society's published average, described only as 'the latest statistics' with no year named on the page, which is why this row carries the date it was read",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "root-canal#4",
   "on": "root-canal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "root-canal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 76.6,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 103.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "band 2: root canal treatment to treat an infection or inflammation, plus fillings, extractions and extensive gum treatment in the same course"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "a crown, which moves the course into band 3 at £332.10",
    "private treatment"
   ],
   "source": "s:nhs-dental-charges",
   "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/dentists/dental-costs/understanding-nhs-dental-charges/",
   "note": "the patient's charge in England for a course of treatment, not the cost of the work; one charge however many teeth the course covers. The page states it was last reviewed on 13 March 2025 and does not give the date the amounts took effect.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "root-canal#1",
   "on": "root-canal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "root-canal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "HU",
   "city": "Budapest",
   "amount": 123,
   "amount_high": 715,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 142.0,
   "usd_high": 825.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "chair time: €123 for 30 minutes, €175 for 45, €243 for 60",
    "or a specialist finishing in one session: €476 front tooth, €715 molar"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the crown",
    "the post and core where the tooth needs one"
   ],
   "source": "s:mdental-budapest-prices",
   "url": "https://www.mdentalclinic.eu/prices",
   "note": "the only page of the four read for this record that prices endodontics by time rather than by tooth, and the only one with a separate specialist scale. A molar finished in one sitting by a specialist is nearly six times the half-hour rate.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "root-canal#3",
   "on": "root-canal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "root-canal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Kraków",
   "amount": 120,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 162.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "root canal treatment for a front tooth",
    "examination, x-rays and local anaesthetic, which the page lists as free"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "premolars and molars, not priced on the page read for this record",
    "the crown"
   ],
   "source": "s:indexmedica-prices",
   "url": "https://www.indexmedica.com/prices/",
   "note": "£120 against a column the clinic labels average UK price at £700; the euro table gives €129 against an Irish comparison of €550. The comparison columns are the clinic's own.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "root-canal#0",
   "on": "root-canal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "root-canal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 11000,
   "amount_high": 17000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 330.0,
   "usd_high": 511.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "root canal treatment by tooth: anterior 11,000, premolar 14,000, molar 17,000"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the crown the tooth usually needs afterwards",
    "x-rays, medications, sterilisation, nursing fees and clinic service fees, charged separately",
    "sterilisation at 150 to 250 baht per visit"
   ],
   "source": "s:bidc-fees",
   "url": "https://bangkokdentalcenter.com/fees/",
   "note": "the page states package rates are applicable till 30 September 2026 and that prices are not inclusive of x-rays, medications, sterilization, nursing fees and clinic service fees.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "los-algodones#2",
   "on": "los-algodones",
   "on_type": "hub",
   "procedure": "root-canal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 340,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 340.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "root canal, any tooth"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the crown that usually follows it"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-price-list",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "listed as Root Canal (any tooth), 340 dollars or 6,800 pesos — one price whatever the tooth, where most schedules charge more for a molar.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "root-canal#2",
   "on": "root-canal",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "root-canal",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 340,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 340.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "root canal, any tooth"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the crown",
    "retreatment, listed separately at $370"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-dental-prices",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "listed at $340 with MXN $6,800 beside it and a US comparison column of $1,100 that carries no source. One price for a front tooth and a molar alike, which no other list read for this record does. The page states all prices are a base or starting price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "shoulder-replacement#2",
   "on": "shoulder-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "shoulder-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1803.15,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 1285.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the medical service described in item 48918: anatomic or reverse total shoulder replacement, including associated rotator cuff repair, biceps tenodesis or tuberosity osteotomy if performed"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospital accommodation and theatre",
    "the prosthesis",
    "the anaesthetist's own items",
    "any amount charged above the schedule fee"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-48918",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=48918&qt=item",
   "note": "Medicare Benefits Schedule item 48918, fee last updated 1 July 2026; the 75% benefit is $1,352.40. The item is the dearest of the joint replacement fees read for this batch, above hip at $1,577.30.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "shoulder-replacement#1",
   "on": "shoulder-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "shoulder-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "LT",
   "city": "Kaunas",
   "amount": 4500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 5192.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:nordorthopaedics-prices",
   "url": "https://www.nordorthopaedics.com/hip-knee-wrist-hand-ankle-foot-shoulder-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "advertised as \"from 4.500 € / 3.750 £\". The page lists shoulder arthroscopy at 1.700 € and rotator cuff repair at 2.000 €, and states no inclusion list for any of them.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#2",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "shoulder-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 10000,
   "amount_high": 15000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 10000.0,
   "usd_high": 15000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "shoulder-replacement#0",
   "on": "shoulder-replacement",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "shoulder-replacement",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "England",
   "amount": 12749,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 17181.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "the quoted price for surgery includes any necessary tests or hospital stays"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the initial consultation, listed separately at £145"
   ],
   "source": "s:practiceplus-shoulder",
   "url": "https://practiceplusgroup.com/treatments/shoulder-and-elbow-surgery/",
   "note": "the group's published self-pay price. On the same list a rotator cuff repair is £5,749 and a shoulder arthroscopy £5,149, so the replacement is priced at roughly twice the keyhole work.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "sperm-donation#3",
   "on": "sperm-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "sperm-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 45,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 61.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2024-10-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the maximum a UK sperm donor may claim per clinic visit"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "higher expenses such as travel and childcare, which may be claimed on top"
   ],
   "source": "s:hfea-donating-sperm",
   "url": "https://www.hfea.gov.uk/donation/donors/donating-your-sperm/",
   "note": "a regulator's cap on what the donor receives, not a price to a patient. Raised from 35 pounds on 1 October 2024. UK donors are over 18 and under 46; a donor's sperm may create children in up to ten UK families; donations made after 1 April 2005 are identity-release at 18.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "sperm-donation#1",
   "on": "sperm-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "sperm-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GR",
   "city": "Thessaloniki",
   "amount": 415,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 479.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "donor sperm, listed as from this price"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the insemination, listed separately at 565 EUR",
    "preliminary investigations",
    "medications"
   ],
   "source": "s:newlife-ivf-costs",
   "url": "https://www.newlife-ivf.co.uk/ivf-costs",
   "note": "read on 16 September 2026; the page carries no date of its own.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "sperm-donation#0",
   "on": "sperm-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "sperm-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 490,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 565.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "donated sperm from the clinic's own cryobank"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the insemination or IVF cycle it is used in",
    "storage, listed separately at 185 EUR for 2 samples up to 5 years"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "line \"Donated sperm\", valid from 1 January 2026. The intrauterine insemination that uses it is a separate 310 EUR on the same list.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "sperm-donation#2",
   "on": "sperm-donation",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "sperm-donation",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "ES",
   "city": "Barcelona",
   "amount": 1450,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 1673.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "intrauterine insemination with donor sperm"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:fertilab-pricing",
   "url": "https://fertilab.com/en/pricing/",
   "note": "the same clinic prices insemination with a partner's sperm at 940 EUR, so the donor vial is worth 510 EUR inside this line. The page says nothing either way about stimulation medication. Read on 16 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "spinal-fusion#3",
   "on": "spinal-fusion",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "spinal-fusion",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "AU",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 1295.85,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "AUD",
   "usd": 924.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-07-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "tariff",
   "includes": [
    "the medical service described in item 51041: spinal fusion, anterior column (anterior, direct lateral or posterior interbody), one motion segment"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "hospital accommodation and theatre",
    "the cage, screws, rods and graft",
    "the anaesthetist's own items",
    "any amount charged above the schedule fee"
   ],
   "source": "s:mbs-51041",
   "url": "https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&q=51041&qt=item",
   "note": "Medicare Benefits Schedule item 51041, fee last updated 1 July 2026; 75% benefit $971.90. Items 51042 to 51045 price two, three, four and five or more motion segments, which is the schedule saying in item numbers that fusion is sold by the level.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "spinal-fusion#1",
   "on": "spinal-fusion",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "spinal-fusion",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 420000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 12615.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "one-level anterior cervical discectomy with fusion",
    "1-night hospital stay in a standard single room"
   ],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-spine-packages",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/packages-center/spine-specialists-center",
   "note": "listed on the Spine Institute package page as Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion 1 Level (ACDF), 420,000 THB with one night. The neck fusion is 156,300 baht cheaper than the lumbar one at the same hospital and keeps the patient a night less.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "defiant#3",
   "on": "defiant",
   "on_type": "org",
   "procedure": "spinal-fusion",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 15000,
   "amount_high": 40000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 15000.0,
   "usd_high": 40000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:defiant-prices",
   "url": "https://defiant.to/procedures/",
   "note": "A facilitator's advertised range for work routed to Thai hospitals, not a hospital's own package price. The page states every number is indicative and every quote is confirmed in writing before booking. It also prints a US comparison beside each row; that comparison names no source and is not carried here.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "spinal-fusion#0",
   "on": "spinal-fusion",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "spinal-fusion",
   "facility": "bumrungrad",
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 576300,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 17309.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "operating room charges for 3 hours and 30 minutes including OR room, recovery room, scrub nurse and circulating nurse",
    "accommodation for 2 days in a standard single room",
    "medical equipment and medical supplies specified in the package",
    "anaesthesia and medications related to the procedure",
    "surgeon",
    "assistant surgeon if necessary",
    "anaesthesiologist"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "implant and artificial bone graft",
    "consultation fee for an initial visit and follow-up visits",
    "inpatient stay more than 2 days, ICU, or stay past the approved discharge day",
    "internist's and other specialists' consultations",
    "outpatient fees before admission",
    "complex cases requiring emergency surgery",
    "laboratory and diagnostic tests before and after operation, blood transfusion and biopsy",
    "take-home medications and medical supplies",
    "pre-operative exercise programme by a physical therapist"
   ],
   "source": "s:bumrungrad-tlif01",
   "url": "https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/packages/transforaminal-lumbar-interbody-fusion",
   "note": "package TLIF01, one level, price stated valid until 31 December 2026. The first exclusion is the cage and the graft, which on a fusion is the largest carved-out line.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "spinal-fusion#2",
   "on": "spinal-fusion",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "spinal-fusion",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "England",
   "amount": 14400,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 19406.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [],
   "excludes": [],
   "source": "s:practiceplus-spinal",
   "url": "https://practiceplusgroup.com/treatments/spinal-surgery/",
   "note": "listed as anterior cervical discectomy fusion on the group's self-pay spinal page, beside slipped disc surgery at £8,399 and spinal decompression at £8,849. The page states no inclusion list for the spinal prices, unlike the same group's hip and knee pages.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "stem-cell-unproven#1",
   "on": "stem-cell-unproven",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "stem-cell-unproven",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 4950,
   "amount_high": 18000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 4950.0,
   "usd_high": 18000.0,
   "as_of": "2026-08",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "medical evaluation",
    "laboratory tests and imaging",
    "cell processing with quality testing",
    "the treatment sessions",
    "monitoring and aftercare",
    "accommodation and transfers coordinated by the clinic's concierge"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "an NK cell cancer programme, priced separately from 50,000 dollars",
    "flights",
    "any dose beyond the one to four vials the plan sets"
   ],
   "source": "s:giostar-mexico-cost",
   "url": "https://giostarmexico.com/stem-cell-therapy-mexico-cost-at-giostar-mexico-global-standards-transparent-pricing-financing-options/",
   "note": "bands by condition group on the clinic's own page, marked verified August 2026: musculoskeletal 6,000-13,000, autoimmune 9,000-14,000, neurological 12,000-18,000, wellness from 4,950. The page cites COFEPRIS certification of the facility, which certifies premises and practice rather than approving a treatment for a disease.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "stem-cell-unproven#0",
   "on": "stem-cell-unproven",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "stem-cell-unproven",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PA",
   "city": "Panama City",
   "amount": 15825,
   "amount_high": 26900,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 15825.0,
   "usd_high": 26900.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "the injections and the clinic's medical team",
    "customs clearance on arrival at the airport",
    "ground transportation",
    "a stay at a named hotel"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "flights",
    "anything the page does not name, including any repeat course"
   ],
   "source": "s:cellmedicine-stem-cell-cost",
   "url": "https://www.cellmedicine.com/how-much-does-stem-cell-therapy-cost/",
   "note": "15,825 dollars for a child and 26,900 for an adult, on the clinic's own page. The product is described as umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal cells under a proprietary name. The page carries no date and makes no statement about regulatory approval.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "surrogacy#1",
   "on": "surrogacy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "surrogacy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "CZ",
   "city": "Brno",
   "amount": 680,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 785.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-01-01",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "consultation and preparation of frozen embryo transfer treatment for a patient with a surrogate mother, using the patient's own imported embryos"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the frozen embryo transfer itself, listed at 815 EUR",
    "any arrangement with, or payment to, a surrogate"
   ],
   "source": "s:reprofit-pricelist-2026",
   "url": "https://www.reprofit.cz/media/filer_public/3d/7a/3d7a97cf-ec54-477b-af94-585766aa8f35/0331eng_cenik_vykonu_ivf_pro_samoplatce.pdf",
   "note": "the same preparation without a surrogate is listed at 340 EUR on the same page: the clinic charges double for the paperwork of a third party. This is a clinical fee, not a surrogacy programme price, and the list carries no other surrogacy line.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "surrogacy#0",
   "on": "surrogacy",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "surrogacy",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "",
   "amount": 189500,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 189500.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "package",
   "includes": [
    "surrogate compensation and expenses",
    "surrogacy agency fees",
    "medical insurance for the surrogate and the baby",
    "surrogate screening costs",
    "legal fees for surrogacy",
    "parental legal rights"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "IVF costs, paid directly to the clinic",
    "egg donor costs, stated at 30,000 to 60,000 USD"
   ],
   "source": "s:circle-surrogacy-cost",
   "url": "https://www.circlesurrogacy.com/intended-parents/process/surrogacy-cost",
   "note": "the agency's fixed-cost programme, read on 16 September 2026; the page carries no date of its own. Surrogate compensation is stated separately at 60,000 to 75,000 USD and above, inside the total. Payment is staged: 56,500 USD at sign-on, 133,000 USD at match. The exclusion of the IVF is the largest single exclusion on any price in this batch.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "top-surgery#0",
   "on": "top-surgery",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "top-surgery",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 111000,
   "amount_high": 131000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 3334.0,
   "usd_high": 3935.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "2 nights in hospital, as stated in the nights column"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "nipple graft, listed separately at 24,000",
    "nipple reduction at 36,000",
    "an added 25,500 where body weight is over 70 kg",
    "everything else: the page carries no inclusion list"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "listed as STAGE 1: Mastectomy at 111,000, with the inverted T scar and inframammary approach versions both at 131,000. The table carries no validity date. A separate section of the same table prices a mastectomy for gynaecomastia at 71,000 with one night.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "top-surgery#1",
   "on": "top-surgery",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "top-surgery",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "London",
   "amount": 8915,
   "amount_high": 12415,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 12014.0,
   "usd_high": 16731.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "a formal quotation is stated to include the treatment, aftercare and the hospital stay where required"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the initial face-to-face consultation at £250",
    "any exact price before that consultation"
   ],
   "source": "s:ltc-price-list",
   "url": "https://www.thelondontransgenderclinic.uk/price-list/",
   "note": "periareolar incision from £8,915, double excision with free nipple graft from £9,365, with liposuction from £12,415. Every line reads Starts from and the page states guide prices are subject to change.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "top-surgery#2",
   "on": "top-surgery",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "top-surgery",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "San Francisco",
   "amount": 14000,
   "amount_high": 17000,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 14000.0,
   "usd_high": 17000.0,
   "as_of": "2024-03-13",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "the practice's estimate of a total for a cash-paying patient",
    "a compression binder and wound care, stated to be provided free"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "pathology testing, stated at 600 dollars and required for everything but revisions",
    "facility and anaesthesiology fees, quoted case by case",
    "scar management: silicone products at 15 to 150 dollars, steroid injections at 150 a treatment after the first three",
    "accommodation and post-operative care services, stated at 250 to 2,500 dollars a day"
   ],
   "source": "s:gcc-top-surgery-price",
   "url": "https://www.genderconfirmation.com/top-surgery-price/",
   "note": "on a page marked medically reviewed 13 March 2024. The surgeon's fee alone is given as 8,500 to 11,500 dollars for chest reconstruction and 1,500 to 3,000 for a revision; the gap between that fee and the 14,000-17,000 total is the rest of the bill, itemised.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "vaginoplasty#0",
   "on": "vaginoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "vaginoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 420000,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 12615.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "9 nights in hospital, as stated in the nights column"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the page states no inclusion list at all beyond the nights",
    "hair removal beforehand",
    "accommodation outside the hospital",
    "flights and the weeks in Bangkok after discharge"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "listed as Gender Affirmation Surgery by Labia (Skin Graft). The table carries no validity date and no inclusion list; the nights column is the only thing attached to the number.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "vaginoplasty#1",
   "on": "vaginoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "vaginoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 580000,
   "amount_high": 820000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 17420.0,
   "usd_high": 24629.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "9 nights in hospital"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "as above — nothing else is named"
   ],
   "source": "s:yanhee-plastic-prices",
   "url": "https://www.yanhee.net/pricing-packages/plastic-surgery-prices/",
   "note": "the bowel and peritoneal techniques on the same table: colonvaginoplasty 580,000, penile-peritoneal and full-length peritoneal flap 780,000 each, laparoscopic colonvaginoplasty 820,000. Revisions are priced separately and can exceed the primary: replacing a failed colovaginoplasty with a skin graft is listed at 765,000 and repairing a recto-neovaginal fistula at 965,000.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "vaginoplasty#3",
   "on": "vaginoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "vaginoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "US",
   "city": "San Francisco",
   "amount": 23000,
   "amount_high": 24500,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 23000.0,
   "usd_high": 24500.0,
   "as_of": "2024-10-15",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "estimate",
   "includes": [
    "hospital stays",
    "post-operative supplies while in the hospital",
    "occupational therapy"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "medications",
    "travel"
   ],
   "source": "s:gcc-bottom-surgery-cost",
   "url": "https://www.genderconfirmation.com/bottom-surgery-cost/",
   "note": "the practice's own cash-pay estimate, on a page marked medically reviewed 15 October 2024. Vulvaplasty is estimated separately at 20,500 to 22,000 dollars. The page's inclusion sentence is what the quote will contain, not what the number above covers.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "vaginoplasty#2",
   "on": "vaginoplasty",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "vaginoplasty",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "GB",
   "city": "London",
   "amount": 31160,
   "amount_high": 34310,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 41993.0,
   "usd_high": 46238.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "quoted-range",
   "includes": [
    "a formal quotation is stated to include the treatment, aftercare and the hospital stay where required"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "the initial face-to-face consultation, listed separately at £250",
    "any price certainty before that consultation"
   ],
   "source": "s:ltc-price-list",
   "url": "https://www.thelondontransgenderclinic.uk/price-list/",
   "note": "the clinic's guide prices: penile scrotal flat technique from £31,160, colovaginoplasty from £34,310. Vulvoplasty, the zero-depth operation, is listed separately from £18,935 and orchidectomy from £6,765. Every line reads Starts from, and the page states that guide prices are subject to change.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "veneers#0",
   "on": "veneers",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "veneers",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "TH",
   "city": "Bangkok",
   "amount": 6000,
   "amount_high": 19000,
   "currency": "THB",
   "usd": 180.0,
   "usd_high": 571.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one veneer, by material: composite 6,000 to 7,000; Exaclear composite 8,000 for one to five teeth and 7,000 for six or more; porcelain e.max 17,000 and 16,000 on the same scale; super-thin 18,000 to 19,000"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "x-rays, medications, sterilisation, nursing fees and clinic service fees, charged separately",
    "every tooth after the first"
   ],
   "source": "s:bidc-fees",
   "url": "https://bangkokdentalcenter.com/fees/",
   "note": "the e.max and Exaclear rows are printed against struck-through figures of 19,000 and 10,000, and both drop at the sixth tooth — the page is written for patients buying a set. Package rates stated applicable till 30 September 2026.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "veneers#1",
   "on": "veneers",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "veneers",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "HU",
   "city": "Budapest",
   "amount": 379,
   "amount_high": 394,
   "currency": "EUR",
   "usd": 437.0,
   "usd_high": 455.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "ceramic (zirconium) veneer at €227 treatment plus €152 fabrication; full porcelain veneer at €237 plus €157"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "nothing stated beyond the treatment-and-laboratory split"
   ],
   "source": "s:mdental-budapest-prices",
   "url": "https://www.mdentalclinic.eu/prices",
   "note": "within a few euro of the same clinic's crown prices, which is what a veneer is: the same laboratory, less tooth removed.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "los-algodones#3",
   "on": "los-algodones",
   "on_type": "hub",
   "procedure": "veneers",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 450,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 450.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one porcelain veneer"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "everything beyond the single unit — a front-teeth case is this figure multiplied"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-price-list",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "per veneer. A zirconia veneer is listed at 490.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "veneers#2",
   "on": "veneers",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "veneers",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "MX",
   "city": "Los Algodones",
   "amount": 450,
   "amount_high": 490,
   "currency": "USD",
   "usd": 450.0,
   "usd_high": 490.0,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one porcelain veneer at $450 or one zirconia veneer at $490"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "every tooth after the first"
   ],
   "source": "s:sani-dental-prices",
   "url": "https://sanidentalgroup.com/price-list",
   "note": "MXN $9,000 and $9,800 printed beside the dollar figures, with a US comparison column of $1,100 and $1,500 that carries no source. The page states all prices are a base or starting price.",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "key": "veneers#3",
   "on": "veneers",
   "on_type": "procedure",
   "procedure": "veneers",
   "facility": null,
   "country": "PL",
   "city": "Kraków",
   "amount": 549,
   "amount_high": null,
   "currency": "GBP",
   "usd": 740.0,
   "usd_high": null,
   "as_of": "2026-09-17",
   "rate_date": "Wed, 16 Sep 2026",
   "kind": "list",
   "includes": [
    "one porcelain veneer; examination, x-rays and local anaesthetic listed as free"
   ],
   "excludes": [
    "every tooth after the first"
   ],
   "source": "s:indexmedica-prices",
   "url": "https://www.indexmedica.com/prices/",
   "note": "£549 against a column the clinic labels average UK price at £1,125; the euro table gives €575 against an Irish comparison of €1,249. A deposit of 80% of each stage is due on signing the treatment plan.",
   "tier": "cited"
  }
 ]
}
