{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "the-needle-now",
 "type": "issue",
 "names": {
  "name": "The needle now",
  "said": "What changed in fifty years is not the method"
 },
 "region": [
  "worldwide"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "family": "none"
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "Single-use needles, gloves and an autoclave are the difference between a hand tradition in 1882 and the same hand tradition today.",
  "story": "Shway Yoe's chapter records what the old practice cost: swelling, fever, days of itching, and opium given to boys in doses that occasionally killed them. Milne's Shan boys sat in a circle being told not to scratch. None of that is nostalgia material.\n\nThe method did not have to change for that to stop; the supply did. *Inference —* this is the part of a revival that is never a reconstruction, and the practitioners doing it say so themselves.",
  "notes": "This site carries no medical advice and no aftercare instructions, and nothing here is a recommendation about getting tattooed anywhere."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "เข็มใช้ครั้งเดียว ถุงมือ และหม้อนึ่งฆ่าเชื้อ คือความต่างระหว่างธรรมเนียมเดิมในปี 1882 กับธรรมเนียมเดียวกันในวันนี้"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "the-pain",
   "as": "What it used to cost.",
   "rel": "rite"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:shway-yoe",
  "s:milne-shans",
  "s:wp-sterilization-microbiology"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:shway-yoe"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "high",
 "updated": "2026-09-19",
 "kin_in": []
}