{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "machine",
 "type": "method",
 "names": {
  "name": "Machine",
  "th": "เครื่องสัก",
  "said": "1891, and the reason every other method on this page needs a name"
 },
 "region": [
  "worldwide"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "family": "none"
 },
 "when": {
  "from": 1891,
  "to": 2026,
  "label": "Samuel O'Reilly's patent, and everything after it"
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "An electric motor drives the needle, at speeds between fifty and three thousand insertions a minute. It is here for contrast.",
  "story": "Until 1891 there was no need for the phrase *hand-poked*. Every tattoo in every tradition on this site was made by hand, and the differences that mattered were between a comb and a point, a chisel and a needle.\n\n*Inference —* the machine did not only speed the work up; it renamed everything else. \"Traditional\", \"hand\", \"by hand\" are all retroactive labels, applied after a machine existed to distinguish them from. That is worth holding on to when a tradition is described as having \"resisted\" the machine: most of them had no opinion about a device that did not exist when the practice was formed."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "มอเตอร์ไฟฟ้าขับเข็ม เร็วตั้งแต่ห้าสิบถึงสามพันครั้งต่อนาที อยู่ที่นี่เพื่อเทียบ",
  "story": "ก่อนปี 1891 ไม่มีความจำเป็นต้องมีคำว่า *สักด้วยมือ* เพราะรอยสักทุกแบบในทุกธรรมเนียมบนเว็บนี้ทำด้วยมือทั้งหมด"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "poke",
   "as": "What it replaced, and what it named.",
   "rel": "method"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-tattoo-machine",
  "s:wp-samuel-oreilly"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:wp-tattoo-machine"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "high",
 "updated": "2026-09-19",
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "stick-and-poke",
   "type": "tradition",
   "name": "Stick and poke",
   "as": "What it is defined against."
  },
  {
   "from": "timeline",
   "type": "story",
   "name": "Five thousand years",
   "as": "The newest thing that changed everything."
  }
 ]
}