{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "exhibited",
 "type": "story",
 "names": {
  "name": "Exhibited",
  "said": "Tattooed people, shown for money, in Europe and America"
 },
 "region": [
  "europe",
  "the-americas"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "era": "colonial"
 },
 "when": {
  "from": 1690,
  "to": 1940,
  "circa": true,
  "label": "From the first tattooed men brought to London to the last sideshows"
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "For two and a half centuries, the main way a European saw a tattooed body was on a stage, with an entrance fee.",
  "story": "Tattooed people from the Pacific and Southeast Asia were brought to Europe and displayed; later, European and American performers had themselves covered in order to be displayed. The human zoos and the sideshow ran on the same premise and often the same circuit.\n\n*Inference —* a photograph of a tattooed person from this period is therefore rarely neutral evidence. It was made to be sold, the pose was chosen for the sale, and the caption was written by whoever was taking the money. This site uses those pictures where they are the only pictures, and says so beside them."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "สองศตวรรษครึ่งที่ชาวยุโรปส่วนใหญ่ได้เห็นร่างที่มีรอยสักบนเวที โดยต้องซื้อตั๋ว"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "who-wrote-it-down",
   "as": "The same problem in another medium.",
   "rel": "issue"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-human-zoo",
  "s:wp-sideshow",
  "s:wp-sailor-tattoo"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:wp-human-zoo"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "tags": [
  "colonial-record"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-09-19",
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "exhibited/exhibited-ainu-woman-from-japan-with-the-department-of-anthrop-2ac11e9.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Ainu Woman from Japan with the Department of Anthropology at the 1904 World's Fair.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ainu_Woman_from_Japan_with_the_Department_of_Anthropology_at_the_1904_World%27s_Fair.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAinu_Woman_from_Japan_with_the_Department_of_Anthropology_at_the_1904_World%27s_Fair.jpg",
   "license": "Public domain",
   "license_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain",
   "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author",
   "credit": "Missouri History MuseumURL: http://images.mohistory.org/image/EC6C99BB-D84E-2461-CD7C-4DD8A561AFB7/original.jpgGallery: http://collections.mohistory.org/resource/147708",
   "alt": "Title: Ainu Woman from Japan with the Department of Anthropology at the 1904 World's Fair.",
   "date": "1904",
   "primary": true,
   "sha256": "6d268a56fae7e2eccdfdf0776475dc0ba6081464ae6f9e1673040aa8a6b59479"
  },
  {
   "file": "exhibited/exhibited-felice-beato-british-born-italy-study-in-tattooing-g-6b60fa3.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Felice Beato (British, born Italy - Study in Tattooing - Google Art Project.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Felice_Beato_%28British%2C_born_Italy_-_Study_in_Tattooing_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFelice_Beato_%28British%2C_born_Italy_-_Study_in_Tattooing_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg",
   "license": "Public domain",
   "license_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain",
   "author": "Felice Beato",
   "credit": "owGgwatAPhilWw at Google Cultural Institute maximum zoom level",
   "alt": "Felice Beato (British, born Italy - Study in Tattooing - Google Art Project.jpg",
   "date": "about 1889",
   "primary": false,
   "sha256": "3dadfca627c59dc0c4b5267fafcda85af4290836352bb55340bffe262a1384f1"
  }
 ],
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "the-photographs",
   "type": "issue",
   "name": "The photographs",
   "as": "Where those pictures came from."
  }
 ]
}