{
 "type": "term",
 "count": 18,
 "nodes": [
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "anchi-piri",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "anchi-piri",
    "local": "アンチピリ",
    "local_lang": "Ainu",
    "said": "anchi-piri"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "Obsidian and a cut: the word carries the tool and the wound, and no word for ink.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-ainu-people"
   },
   "region": [
    "east-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "other"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Obsidian and a cut: the word carries the tool and the wound, and no word for ink."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "หินออบซิเดียนกับรอยกรีด คำนี้พาเครื่องมือและบาดแผลมาด้วย แต่ไม่มีคำว่าหมึก"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-ainu-people"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-ainu-people"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "batok-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "batok",
    "local": "batok",
    "local_lang": "Visayan / Kalinga",
    "said": "batok"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "From Proto-Austronesian *beCik, tattoo, with relatives *patik, mottled, and *burik, speckled — the word for a pattern, applied to skin, cloth and pot alike.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-batok"
   },
   "region": [
    "island-southeast-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "pattern"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "From Proto-Austronesian *beCik, tattoo, with relatives *patik, mottled, and *burik, speckled — the word for a pattern, applied to skin, cloth and pot alike."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "จากรากออสโตรนีเซียนดั้งเดิม แปลว่าลาย ใช้กับผิวหนัง ผ้า และหม้อเหมือนกัน"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-batok"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-batok"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "deq-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "deq",
    "local": "deq",
    "local_lang": "Kurdish",
    "said": "deq"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "From Syriac *dyoqo*, puncturing. A male tattooist is *deqqak*, a female one *deqqake*.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-deq-tattoo"
   },
   "region": [
    "west-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "prick"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "From Syriac *dyoqo*, puncturing. A male tattooist is *deqqak*, a female one *deqqake*."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "จากภาษาซีรีแอก dyoqo แปลว่าการเจาะ"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-deq-tattoo"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-deq-tattoo"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "godna-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "godna",
    "local": "गोदना",
    "local_lang": "Hindi",
    "said": "godna"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "To prick. The noun for the tattoo and the verb for the needle are the same word.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-godna"
   },
   "region": [
    "south-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "prick"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "To prick. The noun for the tattoo and the verb for the needle are the same word."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "แปลว่าแทง คำนามของรอยสักกับคำกริยาของเข็มเป็นคำเดียวกัน"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-godna"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-godna"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "hajichi-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "hajichi",
    "local": "針突",
    "local_lang": "Okinawan",
    "said": "hajichi"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "Needle-strike. Written with the characters for needle and thrust.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-irezumi"
   },
   "region": [
    "east-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "prick"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Needle-strike. Written with the characters for needle and thrust."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "แปลว่าแทงด้วยเข็ม เขียนด้วยอักษรเข็มกับการแทง"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-irezumi"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-irezumi"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "htoe-kwin-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "htoe kwin",
    "local": "ထိုးကွင်း",
    "local_lang": "Burmese",
    "said": "htoe kwin"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "*Htoe* is to prick or pierce; *kwin* is a ring or an enclosure. The name describes the framed rings the figures sit in.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-tattooing-in-myanmar"
   },
   "region": [
    "mainland-southeast-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "prick"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "*Htoe* is to prick or pierce; *kwin* is a ring or an enclosure. The name describes the framed rings the figures sit in."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "ထိုး คือแทง ကွင်း คือวง ชื่อจึงบรรยายวงกรอบที่ลายอยู่ข้างใน"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-tattooing-in-myanmar"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-tattooing-in-myanmar"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "irezumi-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "irezumi",
    "local": "入れ墨",
    "local_lang": "Japanese",
    "said": "irezumi"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "Inserting ink. The word names the material and the direction of travel, and nothing about the hand.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-irezumi"
   },
   "region": [
    "east-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "other"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Inserting ink. The word names the material and the direction of travel, and nothing about the hand."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "แปลว่าใส่หมึก ชื่อบอกวัสดุและทิศทาง ไม่ได้บอกเรื่องมือ"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-irezumi"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-irezumi"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "kakiniq",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "kakiniq",
    "local": "ᑲᑭᓐᓂᖅ",
    "local_lang": "Inuktitut",
    "said": "kakiniq"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "From the Proto-Inuit-Yupik root *kaki-, to pierce or prick — the same root across Iñupiaq, Inuktitut, West Greenlandic and Tunumiit.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-kakiniit"
   },
   "region": [
    "arctic"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "prick"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "From the Proto-Inuit-Yupik root *kaki-, to pierce or prick — the same root across Iñupiaq, Inuktitut, West Greenlandic and Tunumiit."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "จากรากภาษาอินูอิต–ยูปิกดั้งเดิม *kaki- แปลว่าเจาะหรือแทง"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-kakiniit"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-kakiniit"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "lao-phung-dam",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "lao phung dam",
    "local": "ลาวพุงดำ",
    "local_lang": "Thai",
    "said": "lao phung dam",
    "th": "ลาวพุงดำ"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "\"Black-bellied Lao\" — a central Thai name for the tattooed northerner, applied from outside and carrying a view with it.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:ms6968"
   },
   "region": [
    "lanna"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "other"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "\"Black-bellied Lao\" — a central Thai name for the tattooed northerner, applied from outside and carrying a view with it."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "ชื่อที่ภาคกลางใช้เรียกคนเหนือที่สักลาย เป็นคำของคนนอก และมีสายตาติดมาด้วย"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:ms6968"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:ms6968"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [
    "lanna"
   ],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "ming",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "ming",
    "local": "Ming",
    "local_lang": "Chin",
    "said": "ming"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "The Chin word for the facial marks. Banned by name in the 1960s.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-chin-people"
   },
   "region": [
    "mainland-southeast-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "pattern"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "The Chin word for the facial marks. Banned by name in the 1960s."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "คำของชาวชินสำหรับลายบนใบหน้า ถูกสั่งห้ามโดยเอ่ยชื่อในทศวรรษ 1960"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-chin-people"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-chin-people"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "moko",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "moko",
    "local": "moko",
    "local_lang": "Māori",
    "said": "moko"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "*Tā* is to strike; *moko* is the design itself. The verb in the name is the mallet, not the point.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-t-moko"
   },
   "region": [
    "oceania"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "pattern"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "*Tā* is to strike; *moko* is the design itself. The verb in the name is the mallet, not the point."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "tā คือตอก moko คือลาย กริยาในชื่อคือค้อน ไม่ใช่ปลายเข็ม"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-t-moko"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-t-moko"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "ptasan",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "ptasan",
    "local": "ptasan",
    "local_lang": "Squliq Atayal",
    "said": "ptasan"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "Related to the Atayal word for writing and marking — the face as a written surface.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-atayal-people"
   },
   "region": [
    "east-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "write"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Related to the Atayal word for writing and marking — the face as a written surface."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "เกี่ยวข้องกับคำว่าเขียนหรือทำเครื่องหมาย ใบหน้าคือพื้นผิวที่เขียนลงไป"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-atayal-people"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-atayal-people"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "sak-kha-lai-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "sak kha lai",
    "local": "สักขาลาย",
    "local_lang": "Northern Thai",
    "said": "sak kha lai",
    "th": "สักขาลาย"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "To prick the legs in patterns — the verb, the body part and the word for pattern, in that order. No separate noun for the tattoo is needed.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:ms6968"
   },
   "region": [
    "lanna"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "pattern"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "To prick the legs in patterns — the verb, the body part and the word for pattern, in that order. No separate noun for the tattoo is needed."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "สัก + ขา + ลาย คือกริยา อวัยวะ และลาย เรียงกันตามนั้น"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:ms6968"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:ms6968"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [
    "lanna"
   ],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "sak",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "sak",
    "local": "สัก",
    "local_lang": "Thai / Khmer",
    "said": "sak",
    "th": "สัก"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "To prick. The Khmer root *cɔkʔ* means the same, and the Khmer dictionary keeps it native rather than borrowed.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing"
   },
   "region": [
    "mainland-southeast-asia"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "prick"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "To prick. The Khmer root *cɔkʔ* means the same, and the Khmer dictionary keeps it native rather than borrowed."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "สัก แปลว่าแทง รากคำเขมรก็แปลอย่างเดียวกัน"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-yantra-tattooing"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-yantra-tattooing"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "words",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "What the word means first",
     "as": "Prick."
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "sicanje-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "sicanje",
    "local": "sicanje",
    "local_lang": "Croatian",
    "said": "sicanje"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "Pricking. Colloquially also *bocanje* and *bockanje*, which mean the same and sound like it.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-sicanje"
   },
   "region": [
    "europe"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "prick"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Pricking. Colloquially also *bocanje* and *bockanje*, which mean the same and sound like it."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "แปลว่าการแทง"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-sicanje"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-sicanje"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "tatau-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "tatau",
    "local": "tatau",
    "local_lang": "Samoan",
    "said": "tatau"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "The Polynesian word English borrowed. Cook's crew wrote it down in 1769 and it displaced every English word for the practice.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-pe-a"
   },
   "region": [
    "oceania"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "strike"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "The Polynesian word English borrowed. Cook's crew wrote it down in 1769 and it displaced every English word for the practice."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "คำภาษาโพลินีเซียที่อังกฤษยืมไป ลูกเรือของคุกจดไว้ในปี 1769"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-pe-a",
    "s:wp-james-cook"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-pe-a"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "words",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "What the word means first",
     "as": "Strike."
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "tua-mueang",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "tua mueang",
    "local": "ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅᨾᩮᩬᩨᨦ",
    "local_lang": "Northern Thai",
    "said": "tua mueang",
    "th": "ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅᨾᩮᩬᩨᨦ"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "The northern letters — Tai Tham script, the script of the region's manuscripts and of the yant that go on northern skin. Khom is the central convention, not the northern one.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:thwp-อ-กษรธรรมล-านนา"
   },
   "region": [
    "lanna"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "write"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "The northern letters — Tai Tham script, the script of the region's manuscripts and of the yant that go on northern skin. Khom is the central convention, not the northern one."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "ตัวเมือง อักษรธรรมล้านนา อักษรของเอกสารในภูมิภาคนี้และของยันต์ที่ลงบนผิวคนเหนือ ขอมเป็นธรรมเนียมภาคกลาง ไม่ใช่ของทางเหนือ"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:thwp-อ-กษรธรรมล-านนา",
    "s:wp-tai-tham-script"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:thwp-อ-กษรธรรมล-านนา"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [
    "lanna"
   ],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "lek-char",
     "type": "tool",
     "name": "Lek char",
     "as": "The letters it was made to write."
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "schema": 1,
   "id": "veiqia-word",
   "type": "term",
   "names": {
    "name": "veiqia",
    "local": "veiqia",
    "local_lang": "Fijian",
    "said": "veiqia"
   },
   "etymology": {
    "root": "The practice and the marks, in one word — and a tattooist is a *dauveiqia*, one who does veiqia.",
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:wp-veiqia"
   },
   "region": [
    "oceania"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "means": "other"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "The practice and the marks, in one word — and a tattooist is a *dauveiqia*, one who does veiqia."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "คำเดียวครอบทั้งการปฏิบัติและรอย"
   },
   "sources": [
    "s:wp-veiqia"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:wp-veiqia"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "tags": [],
   "updated": "2026-09-19",
   "kin_in": []
  }
 ]
}