{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "gisi-pat-ik",
 "type": "tool",
 "names": {
  "name": "Gisi and pat-ik",
  "local": "gisi",
  "local_lang": "Kalinga",
  "said": "A thorn set in a stick, and the stick that hits it"
 },
 "region": [
  "island-southeast-asia"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "family": "tap"
 },
 "instrument": {
  "material": [
   "citrus thorn",
   "bamboo",
   "water buffalo horn",
   "wood"
  ],
  "points": "one thorn, or a small bundle",
  "worked": "tapped",
  "hands": 2,
  "held_by": "one hand holds the hafted thorn, the other taps"
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "A citrus thorn — or a bundle of them — lashed at a right angle to a short stick, tapped by a second stick.",
  "story": "The ink is soot and water, carried in a coconut shell or a bowl, and the design is drawn on first with a blade of grass dipped in it. The needles were also made of wood, horn, bone, ivory, metal and bamboo, depending on where you were.\n\nArchaeology backs the tool up: chisel and serrated heads of probable hafted tattoo instruments were excavated at Arku Cave in Cagayan and dated before 1500 BCE — comb-type tattoo chisels, in northern Luzon, three and a half thousand years ago."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "หนามส้มหรือหนามมัดรวม ผูกตั้งฉากกับไม้สั้น แล้วตอกด้วยไม้อีกอัน"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "batok",
   "as": "What it makes.",
   "rel": "tradition"
  },
  {
   "to": "arku-cave",
   "as": "Where a set of these was dug up.",
   "rel": "find"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-batok"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:wp-batok"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "high",
 "updated": "2026-09-19",
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "arku-cave",
   "type": "find",
   "name": "The Arku Cave tools",
   "as": "The tool, still in use."
  }
 ]
}