{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "hlai-marks",
 "type": "tradition",
 "names": {
  "name": "Hlai women's marks",
  "local": "黎族",
  "local_lang": "Chinese",
  "aliases": [
   "Li people tattoo"
  ],
  "said": "Face, throat and legs, by lineage"
 },
 "region": [
  "east-asia"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "family": "poke",
  "status": "dormant"
 },
 "when": {
  "from": 1300,
  "to": 1950,
  "circa": true,
  "label": "Ended in the mid-twentieth century"
 },
 "practice": {
  "method": "poke",
  "ink": "soot-water",
  "placement": [
   "face",
   "neck",
   "legs",
   "arms"
  ],
  "marked": "women",
  "marks": "women",
  "status": "dormant",
  "countries": [
   "CN"
  ],
  "first_record": 1300,
  "break": [
   1950,
   2026
  ],
  "note": "Hainan island; the pattern differed by lineage group."
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "Hainan: Hlai women marked on face, throat, arms and legs in patterns that told one lineage from another.",
  "story": "Chinese records notice tattooing among non-Han peoples as far north as the Yangzi in the first millennium, which is the same body of record that the Southeast Asian traditions on this site appear in — as somebody else's custom, seen from outside."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "ไหหลำ หญิงชาวหลีสักหน้า คอ แขน ขา ด้วยลายที่บอกสายตระกูล"
 },
 "links": [
  {
   "label": "Hlai people",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlai_people"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-hlai-people",
  "s:wp-hainan",
  "s:wp-yantra-tattooing"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:wp-hlai-people"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "low",
 "needs_verification": true,
 "tags": [
  "women"
 ],
 "geo": {
  "lat": 19.0,
  "lon": 109.6,
  "precision": "region",
  "source": "s:commons"
 },
 "updated": "2026-09-19",
 "kin_in": []
}