{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "kayan-borneo",
 "type": "tradition",
 "names": {
  "name": "Kayan tattooing",
  "local": "tedak",
  "local_lang": "Kayan",
  "said": "Women's forearms and thighs, worked over years"
 },
 "region": [
  "island-southeast-asia"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "family": "tap",
  "status": "thinning"
 },
 "when": {
  "from": 1850,
  "to": 2000,
  "circa": true,
  "label": "Hose and McDougall describe the full sequence in 1912"
 },
 "practice": {
  "method": "tap",
  "ink": "soot-water",
  "placement": [
   "arms",
   "hands",
   "thighs",
   "feet"
  ],
  "marked": "women",
  "marks": "women",
  "status": "thinning",
  "countries": [
   "MY",
   "ID"
  ],
  "first_record": 1912,
  "note": "Tattooed by women, for women, over several years and several sittings."
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "Upriver Borneo, where the tattooists were women and the work went on a woman's forearms, thighs and feet across years.",
  "story": "Hose and McDougall set down the sequence, the fees and the taboos in 1912 — which is why a practice that thinned out is describable at all, and also why the description is an outsider's. The Kayan of Borneo are not the Kayan of Myanmar; the names collide and the peoples do not."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "บอร์เนียวตอนใน ช่างสักเป็นผู้หญิง สักให้ผู้หญิง ที่แขน ต้นขา และเท้า ใช้เวลาหลายปี"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "iban-borneo",
   "as": "Downriver, and mostly men's.",
   "rel": "tradition"
  }
 ],
 "links": [
  {
   "label": "Kayan people (Borneo)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayan_people_(Borneo)"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-kayan-people-borneo",
  "s:hose-borneo-2"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:hose-borneo-2"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "tags": [
  "women",
  "colonial-record"
 ],
 "geo": {
  "lat": 2.8,
  "lon": 114.0,
  "precision": "region",
  "source": "s:commons"
 },
 "updated": "2026-09-19",
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "iban-borneo",
   "type": "tradition",
   "name": "Iban tattooing",
   "as": "Upriver, and mostly women's work."
  }
 ]
}