Awheto and ngarehu
Two pigments for two jobs: *awheto*, a caterpillar fungus, for the body; *ngarehu*, burnt timber, for the darker face colour.
The inks
Soot, charcoal, indigo, gall and cinnabar — and what they were mixed with before they went in.
{'name': 'Black', 'th': 'ดำ'}
Soot and water
Ash or soot from a fire, ground and mixed with water, oil, plant juice or animal bile.
{'name': 'Blue-black', 'th': 'ดำอมน้ำเงิน'}
Indigo
คราม
Pigment from the indigo plant, used by the Ainu and reported for the blue lines on Chin women's faces.
Lampblack
เขม่าตะเกียง
Soot collected from a lamp, mixed with water as it is needed. Under the skin it reads blue-black, and it does not leave.
Nara ink
The ink used in Japanese hand tattooing, which reads blue-grey under the skin rather than flat black.
Pen ink
Ballpoint ink, India ink or whatever is to hand — the modern improvised pigment.
Soot and honey
Soot, honey and sometimes saliva, pricked in with a needle.
Soot and milk
Soot mixed with breast milk, reported as the Kurdish preparation.
{'name': 'Red', 'th': 'แดง'}
Vermilion
ชาด
Cinnabar red, diluted, mixed with herbs and other things, and used for charms rather than for the standing marks.