{
 "type": "road",
 "count": 6,
 "nodes": [
  {
   "id": "route-107",
   "type": "road",
   "names": {
    "name": "Route 107",
    "th": "ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 107",
    "said": "Thirty-five kilometres of nothing much, and then the turn.",
    "said_th": "สามสิบห้ากิโลเมตรที่ไม่มีอะไร แล้วก็ถึงทางแยก"
   },
   "region": [
    "loop"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "surface": "asphalt",
    "ref": "107"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Chiang Mai north towards Fang. The loop uses only its first stretch, as far as the Route 1095 turn near Mae Malai.",
    "story": "*Inference —* the only thing to say about it is what it is for. It is a busy multi-lane road out of a city, it is the least interesting riding on the whole circuit, and it exists to get you to the junction. Ride it, do not judge the trip by it.\n\nRoute 1095 formerly began at Mae Malai market; since 1994 it begins at Ban Nong Khong on this road, which is the bypass. Both work; the signs use the new one."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "เชียงใหม่ขึ้นเหนือไปฝาง วงรอบใช้แค่ช่วงต้นของมัน จนถึงทางแยก 1095 ใกล้แม่มาลัย",
    "story": "*อนุมาน —* สิ่งเดียวที่ควรพูดถึงมันคือมันมีไว้ทำอะไร มันเป็นถนนหลายเลนที่รถเยอะขาออกจากเมือง เป็นช่วงที่ขี่น่าเบื่อที่สุดของทั้งเส้นทาง และมันมีไว้พาคุณไปถึงทางแยก ขี่ผ่านไป อย่าตัดสินทริปจากมัน\n\nเดิมทางหลวง 1095 เริ่มที่ตลาดแม่มาลัย ตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2537 เริ่มที่บ้านหนองโค้งบนถนนสายนี้ ซึ่งเป็นเส้นเลี่ยงเมือง ใช้ได้ทั้งสองทาง แต่ป้ายใช้เส้นใหม่"
   },
   "route": {
    "roads": [
     "107"
    ],
    "from": "Chiang Mai",
    "from_th": "เชียงใหม่",
    "to": "Nong Khong / Mae Malai",
    "to_th": "หนองโค้ง / แม่มาลัย",
    "km": 35,
    "line": [
     [
      18.88551,
      98.95693
     ],
     [
      18.88992,
      98.95444
     ],
     [
      18.8779,
      98.96183
     ],
     [
      18.89406,
      98.95304
     ],
     [
      18.90143,
      98.95031
     ],
     [
      18.90946,
      98.94716
     ],
     [
      18.92587,
      98.93945
     ],
     [
      18.91329,
      98.94569
     ],
     [
      18.90935,
      98.94729
     ]
    ],
    "line_points": 9
   },
   "kin": [
    {
     "to": "route-1095",
     "as": "What it hands you over to.",
     "rel": "road"
    },
    {
     "to": "cnx-to-pai",
     "as": "The leg it starts.",
     "rel": "leg"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    "s:thwp-1095",
    "s:wp-mae-taeng-district"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "harvested",
     "source": "s:osm"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text.story": {
      "tier": "inference"
     },
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "schema": 1,
   "updated": "2026-09-18",
   "kin_in": []
  },
  {
   "id": "route-108",
   "type": "road",
   "names": {
    "name": "Route 108",
    "th": "ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 108",
    "said": "Three hundred and fifty kilometres, and it changes into a different road at a roundabout.",
    "said_th": "สามร้อยห้าสิบกิโลเมตร และมันเปลี่ยนเป็นถนนคนละเส้นตรงวงเวียน"
   },
   "region": [
    "loop"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "surface": "asphalt",
    "ref": "108"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Chiang Mai to Mae Hong Son the long way round: south through Hang Dong and Chom Thong to Hot, then west and north through Mae Sariang, Mae La Noi and Khun Yuam.",
    "story": "The figures come from the Thai Wikipedia article and are worth carrying: about **350 kilometres** in total, in two halves. Chiang Mai to Hot is **88 kilometres** of four to six lanes with a median, narrowing to two lanes through the centres of Hang Dong, San Pa Tong, Thung Sieo and Chom Thong. Hot to Mae Hong Son is **265 kilometres** of two lanes the entire way, and the kilometre marks restart at zero at the Hot roundabout.\n\nThe article describes the mountain half exactly: it runs along steep hills as far as Mae Sariang, then parallels the Yuam river through Mae La Noi, climbs again past Ban Mae La Luang to Khun Yuam, and finally crosses the mountains to drop into Mae Hong Son town. It enters Mae Hong Son province at km 68+500 counting from Hot.\n\n*Inference —* this is why counter-clockwise is a gentle start and clockwise is a gentle finish. Nothing on Route 108 asks anything sudden; it asks for stamina.\n\n*Inference —* measured off the OpenStreetMap trace, 312.3 kilometres of Route 108 stitch into one run carrying 694 curves at a 25-degree threshold and 63 hairpins — 3.44 a kilometre. Half the density of Route 1095, over nearly twice the distance. That ratio is the whole difference between the two halves of this circuit."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "เชียงใหม่ถึงแม่ฮ่องสอนทางอ้อม ลงใต้ผ่านหางดง จอมทอง ถึงฮอด แล้ววกตะวันตกขึ้นเหนือผ่านแม่สะเรียง แม่ลาน้อย ขุนยวม",
    "story": "ตัวเลขมาจากบทความวิกิพีเดียภาษาไทย และควรจำไว้ ระยะรวมราว **350 กิโลเมตร** แบ่งเป็นสองครึ่ง เชียงใหม่ถึงฮอด **88 กิโลเมตร** เป็นสี่ถึงหกช่องจราจรมีเกาะกลาง แคบลงเหลือสองช่องจราจรเมื่อผ่านตัวอำเภอหางดง สันป่าตอง ชุมชนทุ่งเสี้ยว และจอมทอง ฮอดถึงแม่ฮ่องสอน **265 กิโลเมตร** เป็นสองช่องจราจรตลอดสาย และหลักกิโลเมตรเริ่มนับใหม่ที่ศูนย์ตรงวงเวียนฮอด\n\nบทความบรรยายครึ่งที่เป็นภูเขาไว้ตรงมาก เลาะภูเขาสูงชันไปจนถึงแม่สะเรียง จากนั้นขนานไปกับแม่น้ำยวมผ่านแม่ลาน้อย แล้วไต่ขึ้นที่สูงเมื่อพ้นบ้านแม่ลาหลวงถึงขุนยวม สุดท้ายข้ามภูเขาลงไปยังตัวเมืองแม่ฮ่องสอน เข้าเขตจังหวัดแม่ฮ่องสอนที่กิโลเมตร 68+500 นับจากฮอด\n\n*อนุมาน —* นี่คือเหตุผลที่ทวนเข็มเป็นการเริ่มต้นที่นุ่มนวล และตามเข็มเป็นการจบที่นุ่มนวล ไม่มีอะไรบนทางหลวง 108 ที่เรียกร้องอะไรกะทันหัน มันเรียกร้องความอึด\n\n*อนุมาน —* เมื่อวัดจากเส้นทางใน OpenStreetMap ทางหลวง 108 ต่อกันได้ 312.3 กิโลเมตร มี 694 โค้งที่เกณฑ์ 25 องศา และโค้งหักศอก 63 โค้ง คิดเป็น 3.44 โค้งต่อกิโลเมตร ครึ่งหนึ่งของความหนาแน่นของทางหลวง 1095 บนระยะเกือบสองเท่า อัตราส่วนนี้คือความต่างทั้งหมดระหว่างสองครึ่งของวงรอบนี้"
   },
   "route": {
    "roads": [
     "108"
    ],
    "from": "Chiang Mai",
    "from_th": "เชียงใหม่",
    "to": "Mae Hong Son",
    "to_th": "แม่ฮ่องสอน",
    "km": 350,
    "km_source": "s:thwp-108",
    "cw": "Ridden home: Mae Hong Son south and east, finishing on four lanes into Chiang Mai.",
    "ccw": "Ridden out: four lanes to Hot, then 265 km of two-lane mountain road with the whole day ahead of you.",
    "cw_th": "ขี่กลับบ้าน จากแม่ฮ่องสอนลงใต้แล้ววกตะวันออก จบด้วยสี่เลนเข้าเชียงใหม่",
    "ccw_th": "ขี่ขาออก สี่เลนถึงฮอด แล้วต่อด้วยถนนภูเขาสองเลนอีก 265 กิโลเมตร โดยมีทั้งวันรออยู่",
    "curves": 1075,
    "hairpins": 63,
    "line": [
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      18.3234,
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     ],
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     ],
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     ],
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      19.17936,
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     [
      19.19512,
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      19.21143,
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     ],
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      19.22498,
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     [
      19.24253,
      97.9721
     ],
     [
      19.25804,
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     [
      19.27286,
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     [
      19.28262,
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    ],
    "line_points": 154
   },
   "kin": [
    {
     "to": "hot",
     "as": "Where the road changes character and the kilometres restart.",
     "rel": "town"
    },
    {
     "to": "mae-sariang",
     "as": "The town that breaks the long half in two.",
     "rel": "town"
    },
    {
     "to": "which-way-round",
     "as": "The argument this road settles half of.",
     "rel": "story"
    },
    {
     "to": "annoyances",
     "as": "The small stuff, with antidotes.",
     "rel": "hazard"
    },
    {
     "to": "route-1095",
     "as": "The other way to Mae Hong Son, and the other kind of road.",
     "rel": "road"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    "s:thwp-108",
    "s:mhs-measured",
    "s:osm"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:thwp-108"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text.story": {
      "tier": "cited",
      "source": "s:thwp-108"
     },
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project from the cited Thai article"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "high",
   "schema": 1,
   "updated": "2026-09-18",
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "hot-to-cnx",
     "type": "leg",
     "name": "Hot to Chiang Mai",
     "as": "The road it is on."
    },
    {
     "from": "khun-yuam-to-mae-sariang",
     "type": "leg",
     "name": "Khun Yuam to Mae Sariang",
     "as": "The road it is on."
    },
    {
     "from": "mhs-to-khun-yuam",
     "type": "leg",
     "name": "Mae Hong Son to Khun Yuam",
     "as": "The road it is on."
    },
    {
     "from": "hot",
     "type": "town",
     "name": "Hot",
     "as": "The road that changes character here."
    },
    {
     "from": "mae-sariang",
     "type": "town",
     "name": "Mae Sariang",
     "as": "The road it sits on."
    },
    {
     "from": "op-luang",
     "type": "stop",
     "name": "Op Luang",
     "as": "The road it is on."
    },
    {
     "from": "how-old-is-this-ride",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "How old is this ride",
     "as": "The ancient half, and the one that took until 1998."
    },
    {
     "from": "which-way-round",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "Clockwise or counter-clockwise",
     "as": "The road that makes counter-clockwise a gentle start."
    },
    {
     "from": "the-kilometre-stone",
     "type": "art",
     "name": "The kilometre stone",
     "as": "Where the numbers restart at zero."
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "route-1088",
   "type": "road",
   "names": {
    "name": "Route 1088",
    "th": "ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 1088",
    "said": "The Mae Chaem side road, and the way onto the Inthanon massif from behind.",
    "said_th": "ถนนเลียบแม่แจ่ม และทางขึ้นเทือกอินทนนท์จากด้านหลัง"
   },
   "region": [
    "loop"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "surface": "asphalt",
    "ref": "1088"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "North out of Mae Chaem. Relevant to this circuit only as part of the 1263 shortcut's eastern exit.",
    "story": "*Inference —* if you have taken the 1263 cut you arrive at Mae Chaem with a choice, and this is one arm of it: north and over the Doi Inthanon side before dropping to Chom Thong on Route 108. Measured off OSM the run is about 32 kilometres with 96 curves at a 25-degree threshold, ten of them hairpins.\n\nIt is high, it is cold in the morning, and it puts the highest point in Thailand within reach of a detour."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "ขึ้นเหนือจากแม่แจ่ม เกี่ยวข้องกับวงรอบนี้เฉพาะในฐานะทางออกด้านตะวันออกของทางลัด 1263",
    "story": "*อนุมาน —* ถ้าคุณใช้ทางลัด 1263 มาแล้ว คุณจะมาถึงแม่แจ่มพร้อมทางเลือก และนี่คือหนึ่งในนั้น ขึ้นเหนือข้ามฝั่งดอยอินทนนท์ก่อนทิ้งตัวลงจอมทองบนทางหลวง 108 เมื่อวัดจาก OSM ระยะราว 32 กิโลเมตร มี 96 โค้งที่เกณฑ์ 25 องศา และโค้งหักศอกสิบโค้ง\n\nมันสูง เช้าหนาว และทำให้จุดสูงสุดของประเทศไทยอยู่ในระยะที่แวะได้"
   },
   "route": {
    "roads": [
     "1088"
    ],
    "from": "Mae Chaem",
    "from_th": "แม่แจ่ม",
    "to": "Doi Inthanon / Chom Thong",
    "to_th": "ดอยอินทนนท์ / จอมทอง",
    "km": 86.8,
    "km_source": "s:mhs-measured",
    "curves": 427,
    "hairpins": 45,
    "line": [
     [
      18.28539,
      98.38113
     ],
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      18.29686,
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      18.30957,
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      18.32587,
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      18.34292,
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      18.37408,
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      18.38855,
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     [
      18.39952,
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     ],
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      18.4059,
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      18.41933,
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     ],
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      18.43124,
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     ],
     [
      18.44448,
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     ],
     [
      18.45693,
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     ],
     [
      18.47224,
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     ],
     [
      18.48013,
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     ],
     [
      18.49203,
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     ],
     [
      18.50645,
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     ],
     [
      18.52145,
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     ],
     [
      18.53462,
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     ],
     [
      18.5451,
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     ],
     [
      18.55518,
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     ],
     [
      18.56393,
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     ],
     [
      18.58119,
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     ],
     [
      18.59711,
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     ],
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      18.61371,
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     ],
     [
      18.63034,
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     ],
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      18.64751,
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     ],
     [
      18.66062,
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     ],
     [
      18.67595,
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     ],
     [
      18.69013,
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     ],
     [
      18.69955,
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     ],
     [
      18.70191,
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     ],
     [
      18.71443,
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     ],
     [
      18.72531,
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     ],
     [
      18.73178,
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     ],
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      18.74339,
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     ],
     [
      18.75428,
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     ],
     [
      18.76207,
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     ],
     [
      18.77584,
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     ],
     [
      18.79148,
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     ],
     [
      18.80421,
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     ],
     [
      18.81302,
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    ],
    "line_points": 43
   },
   "kin": [
    {
     "to": "doi-inthanon",
     "as": "What it reaches.",
     "rel": "stop"
    },
    {
     "to": "mae-chaem",
     "as": "Where it starts.",
     "rel": "town"
    },
    {
     "to": "the-1263-cut",
     "as": "The road that delivers you to it.",
     "rel": "leg"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    "s:mhs-measured",
    "s:wp-doi-inthanon",
    "s:wp-mae-chaem-district"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "harvested",
     "source": "s:osm"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text.story": {
      "tier": "inference"
     },
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "schema": 1,
   "updated": "2026-09-18",
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "doi-inthanon",
     "type": "stop",
     "name": "Doi Inthanon",
     "as": "The quiet way up, from Mae Chaem."
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "route-1095",
   "type": "road",
   "names": {
    "name": "Route 1095",
    "th": "ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 1095",
    "said": "The curve road. Two lanes, the whole way, and it does not stop.",
    "said_th": "ถนนโค้ง สองเลนตลอดสาย และมันไม่หยุดเลี้ยว"
   },
   "region": [
    "loop"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "surface": "asphalt",
    "ref": "1095"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Nong Khong on Route 107, over the hills to Pai, through Pangmapha, and down into Mae Hong Son. Sealed two lanes end to end. The most curve-dense long road on the circuit.",
    "story": "Thai Wikipedia's article gives the route as Nong Khong to Mae Hong Son, two lanes both ways, and notes that it was formerly called the Mae Malai–Mae Hong Son highway and is still usually called the Mae Malai–Pai road. In 1994 a new alignment moved its start from Mae Malai market to Ban Nong Khong on Route 107, as a Mae Malai bypass; the old alignment became rural road Chiang Mai 3045. The spur into Pai town itself is Route 1395, leaving 1095 at km 96+035 and rejoining at km 99+303. The article describes the road as known for being winding, *กว่า 2,000 โค้ง* — more than 2,000 curves — and steep, and gives Chiang Mai to Mae Hong Son by this road as about 245 kilometres.\n\n*Inference —* measured off the OpenStreetMap trace of the road, the longest stitched run of Route 1095 is 185 kilometres carrying 1,056 curves at a 25-degree threshold, 110 of them hairpins — about nearly six curves a kilometre, one every 254 metres. The section from Mae Malai to Pai alone carries 395. The method and its sensitivity are on /numbers/."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "จากบ้านหนองโค้งบนทางหลวง 107 ข้ามเขาไปปาย ผ่านปางมะผ้า แล้วลงแม่ฮ่องสอน ลาดยางสองเลนตลอดสาย เป็นถนนสายยาวที่โค้งหนาแน่นที่สุดบนเส้นทาง",
    "story": "บทความวิกิพีเดียภาษาไทยระบุเส้นทางจากหนองโค้งถึงแม่ฮ่องสอน สองช่องจราจรไป-กลับ และบอกว่าเดิมชื่อทางหลวงสายแม่มาลัย–แม่ฮ่องสอน และยังนิยมเรียกกันว่าถนนสายแม่มาลัย–ปาย ในปี พ.ศ. 2537 มีการตัดแนวใหม่ย้ายจุดเริ่มต้นจากตลาดแม่มาลัยไปที่บ้านหนองโค้งบนทางหลวง 107 เป็นเส้นเลี่ยงเมืองแม่มาลัย ส่วนแนวเดิมกลายเป็นทางหลวงชนบท ชม.3045 ทางแยกเข้าตัวเมืองปายคือทางหลวง 1395 แยกจาก 1095 ที่กิโลเมตร 96+035 และกลับมาบรรจบที่ 99+303 บทความบรรยายถนนสายนี้ว่าขึ้นชื่อเรื่องความคดเคี้ยว *กว่า 2,000 โค้ง* และลาดชัน และให้ระยะเชียงใหม่ถึงแม่ฮ่องสอนทางนี้ราว 245 กิโลเมตร\n\n*อนุมาน —* เมื่อวัดจากเส้นทางใน OpenStreetMap ช่วงที่ต่อกันได้ยาวที่สุดของทางหลวง 1095 คือ 185 กิโลเมตร มี 1,056 โค้งที่เกณฑ์ 25 องศา ในจำนวนนั้นเป็นโค้งหักศอก 110 โค้ง ราวเกือบหกโค้งต่อกิโลเมตร หรือหนึ่งโค้งทุก 254 เมตร เฉพาะช่วงแม่มาลัยถึงปายมี 580 โค้ง วิธีวัดและความอ่อนไหวของวิธีอยู่ในหน้า /numbers/"
   },
   "route": {
    "roads": [
     "1095"
    ],
    "from": "Nong Khong, Route 107",
    "from_th": "บ้านหนองโค้ง ทางหลวง 107",
    "to": "Mae Hong Son",
    "to_th": "แม่ฮ่องสอน",
    "km": 185,
    "km_source": "s:mhs-measured",
    "curves": 1056,
    "hairpins": 110,
    "cw": "Ridden north then west: the long climb out of the Mae Taeng valley first, then the drop into Pai.",
    "ccw": "Ridden east: the climb out of Mae Hong Son, then Pangmapha, then the descent to Mae Malai at the end of the day.",
    "cw_th": "ขี่ขึ้นเหนือแล้ววกตะวันตก ไต่ขึ้นจากหุบแม่แตงก่อน แล้วค่อยทิ้งตัวลงปาย",
    "ccw_th": "ขี่ไปตะวันออก ไต่ขึ้นจากแม่ฮ่องสอน ผ่านปางมะผ้า แล้วลงแม่มาลัยตอนท้ายวัน",
    "line": [
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      19.41936,
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      19.27677,
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      19.26987,
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      19.24999,
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      19.25286,
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      19.24193,
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     [
      19.23472,
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     [
      19.22746,
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     [
      19.2222,
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     [
      19.21433,
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     [
      19.20481,
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     [
      19.19411,
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     [
      19.17687,
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     [
      19.15939,
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     [
      19.14401,
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     [
      19.13133,
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     [
      19.12155,
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     [
      19.11809,
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     [
      19.12364,
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      19.12379,
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      19.12498,
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     [
      19.1229,
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     [
      19.11185,
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     [
      19.10687,
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      19.10658,
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     [
      19.10146,
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     [
      19.09296,
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     [
      19.09481,
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     [
      19.08811,
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     ],
     [
      19.08644,
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      19.08019,
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     [
      19.07287,
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    ],
    "line_points": 90
   },
   "kin": [
    {
     "to": "how-many-curves",
     "as": "The three numbers, and the method behind the third.",
     "rel": "story"
    },
    {
     "to": "cnx-to-pai",
     "as": "The first half of it, clockwise.",
     "rel": "leg"
    },
    {
     "to": "soppong-to-mhs",
     "as": "The descent at the far end.",
     "rel": "leg"
    },
    {
     "to": "brake-fade",
     "as": "What the descents do to a small bike.",
     "rel": "hazard"
    },
    {
     "to": "buses-on-your-line",
     "as": "Who else is using these corners.",
     "rel": "hazard"
    },
    {
     "to": "pai",
     "as": "The town in the middle.",
     "rel": "town"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    "s:thwp-1095",
    "s:doh-1095",
    "s:mhs-measured",
    "s:osm"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "cited",
     "source": "s:thwp-1095"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text.story": {
      "tier": "cited",
      "source": "s:thwp-1095",
      "note": "the second paragraph is marked as this project's own measurement off OSM"
     },
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project; the quoted phrase กว่า 2,000 โค้ง is verbatim from the cited article"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "high",
   "schema": 1,
   "updated": "2026-09-18",
   "images": [
    {
     "file": "route-1095/route-1095-mae-na-toeng-pai-district-mae-hong-son-58130-thailan-a04b28c.jpg",
     "source": "commons",
     "title": "File:Mae Na Toeng, Pai District, Mae Hong Son 58130, Thailand - panoramio.jpg",
     "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Mae_Na_Toeng%2C_Pai_District%2C_Mae_Hong_Son_58130%2C_Thailand_-_panoramio.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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     "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
     "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
     "author": "::::=UT=::::",
     "credit": "https://web.archive.org/web/20161031193728/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/124380306",
     "alt": "Mae Na Toeng, Pai District, Mae Hong Son 58130, Thailand",
     "date": "Taken on 15 July 2015",
     "primary": true,
     "sha256": "c97a1bf171d1c5ae45c0afb7de10cf858c0d9832fc07d5f3cd6e30061d6644c6"
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     "file": "route-1095/route-1095-mae-na-toeng-pai-district-mae-hong-son-58130-thailan-93478b0.jpg",
     "source": "commons",
     "title": "File:Mae Na Toeng, Pai District, Mae Hong Son 58130, Thailand - panoramio (1).jpg",
     "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Mae_Na_Toeng%2C_Pai_District%2C_Mae_Hong_Son_58130%2C_Thailand_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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     "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
     "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
     "author": "::::=UT=::::",
     "credit": "https://web.archive.org/web/20161031193239/http://www.panoramio.com/photo/124380303",
     "alt": "Mae Na Toeng, Pai District, Mae Hong Son 58130, Thailand",
     "date": "Taken on 15 July 2015",
     "primary": false,
     "sha256": "42a4e24e5a71b08eca40034450f636a08a4cf5811aa4ae11553714dae37415fc"
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    {
     "file": "route-1095/route-1095-ruta-1095-240125-norteam-rica-s-a-metalbus-urbano-me-b6aca27.jpg",
     "source": "commons",
     "title": "File:Ruta 1095 240125 Norteamérica S.A. Metalbus Urbano Mercedes-Benz OF-914.jpg",
     "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Ruta_1095_240125_Norteam%C3%A9rica_S.A._Metalbus_Urbano_Mercedes-Benz_OF-914.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
     "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ARuta_1095_240125_Norteam%C3%A9rica_S.A._Metalbus_Urbano_Mercedes-Benz_OF-914.jpg",
     "license": "CC0 1.0",
     "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
     "author": "Fabco09",
     "credit": "Own work",
     "alt": "Route 1095.",
     "date": "2025-01-24 15:21:38",
     "primary": false,
     "sha256": "f89cb77917c2d77186e2623767a8bb088b582a358dc18873f596a2149fd3b5b0"
    },
    {
     "file": "route-1095/route-1095-thailand-route-1095.jpg",
     "source": "commons",
     "title": "File:Thailand Route 1095.jpg",
     "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Thailand_Route_1095.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
     "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AThailand_Route_1095.jpg",
     "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
     "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
     "author": "Christophe95",
     "credit": "Own work",
     "alt": "Thailand Route 1095 and a minibus going from Chiang Mai to Pai in Mae Taeng District, Chiang Mai Province.",
     "date": "2018-08-29 14:08:13",
     "primary": false,
     "sha256": "98d29fc18592e9627c27b08638368c3501bd901d778593d82f7bf4e4b77837fc"
    }
   ],
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "cnx-to-pai",
     "type": "leg",
     "name": "Chiang Mai to Pai",
     "as": "The road it is mostly on."
    },
    {
     "from": "route-107",
     "type": "road",
     "name": "Route 107",
     "as": "What it hands you over to."
    },
    {
     "from": "route-108",
     "type": "road",
     "name": "Route 108",
     "as": "The other way to Mae Hong Son, and the other kind of road."
    },
    {
     "from": "pai",
     "type": "town",
     "name": "Pai",
     "as": "The road the town is on."
    },
    {
     "from": "brake-fade",
     "type": "hazard",
     "name": "Brake fade",
     "as": "The descent it happens on."
    },
    {
     "from": "buses-on-your-line",
     "type": "hazard",
     "name": "Buses and pickups on your line",
     "as": "Where the minibuses run."
    },
    {
     "from": "how-many-curves",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "1,864 curves",
     "as": "The road the number belongs to."
    },
    {
     "from": "how-old-is-this-ride",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "How old is this ride",
     "as": "The younger half."
    },
    {
     "from": "which-way-round",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "Clockwise or counter-clockwise",
     "as": "The descent that the argument is really about."
    },
    {
     "from": "the-1864-sign",
     "type": "art",
     "name": "The 1,864 sign",
     "as": "The road it names."
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "route-1096",
   "type": "road",
   "names": {
    "name": "Route 1096",
    "th": "ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 1096",
    "said": "The rehearsal. A hundred kilometres from your hotel, and the same curve density as the famous road.",
    "said_th": "การซ้อมใหญ่ ห่างจากโรงแรมร้อยกิโลเมตร และมีโค้งหนาแน่นเท่าถนนสายดัง"
   },
   "region": [
    "loop"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "surface": "asphalt",
    "ref": "1096"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Mae Rim to Samoeng, ridden as a day loop out of Chiang Mai and back. Not part of the Mae Hong Son circuit, and the best possible preparation for it.",
    "story": "*Inference —* the case for riding this first is strong and almost nobody makes it. Measured off OSM the stitched run is 29.8 kilometres carrying 130 curves at a 25-degree threshold with 19 hairpins — **6.34 curves a kilometre, the densest road measured on this whole network**, against Route 1095's 5.71.\n\nSo it is the same riding, in a day, from a hotel you are already in, on a bike you have just rented, with Chiang Mai an hour away if something is wrong. A rider who finds the Samoeng loop tiring has learned something very cheap about what four days of it would be."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "แม่ริมไปสะเมิง ขี่เป็นวงรอบหนึ่งวันออกจากเชียงใหม่แล้ววนกลับ ไม่ได้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของวงรอบแม่ฮ่องสอน และเป็นการเตรียมตัวที่ดีที่สุดเท่าที่จะทำได้",
    "story": "*อนุมาน —* เหตุผลที่ควรขี่เส้นนี้ก่อนนั้นหนักแน่นมาก และแทบไม่มีใครพูดถึง เมื่อวัดจาก OSM ช่วงที่ต่อกันได้ยาวราว 27 กิโลเมตร มี 127 โค้งที่เกณฑ์ 25 องศา และโค้งหักศอก 17 โค้ง ราว 4.5 โค้งต่อกิโลเมตร ซึ่งหนาแน่นกว่าทางหลวง 1095\n\nมันจึงเป็นการขี่แบบเดียวกัน ภายในวันเดียว ออกจากโรงแรมที่คุณพักอยู่แล้ว บนรถที่เพิ่งเช่ามา โดยมีเชียงใหม่อยู่ห่างหนึ่งชั่วโมงถ้ามีอะไรผิดพลาด คนขี่ที่พบว่าวงรอบสะเมิงเหนื่อย ได้เรียนรู้บางอย่างในราคาถูกมากว่าสี่วันแบบนั้นจะเป็นอย่างไร"
   },
   "route": {
    "roads": [
     "1096"
    ],
    "from": "Mae Rim",
    "from_th": "แม่ริม",
    "to": "Samoeng",
    "to_th": "สะเมิง",
    "km": 29.8,
    "km_source": "s:mhs-measured",
    "curves": 189,
    "hairpins": 19,
    "line": [
     [
      18.8451,
      98.77355
     ],
     [
      18.85396,
      98.77859
     ],
     [
      18.8638,
      98.78411
     ],
     [
      18.87489,
      98.78032
     ],
     [
      18.87702,
      98.79258
     ],
     [
      18.87887,
      98.80536
     ],
     [
      18.88425,
      98.81501
     ],
     [
      18.88901,
      98.83054
     ],
     [
      18.89773,
      98.8458
     ],
     [
      18.89904,
      98.86213
     ],
     [
      18.90028,
      98.88037
     ],
     [
      18.90857,
      98.89399
     ],
     [
      18.91059,
      98.90599
     ],
     [
      18.9209,
      98.91892
     ],
     [
      18.91902,
      98.93587
     ]
    ],
    "line_points": 15
   },
   "kin": [
    {
     "to": "samoeng-warmup",
     "as": "The day this road makes.",
     "rel": "leg"
    },
    {
     "to": "renting-a-bike",
     "as": "The bike you are testing on it.",
     "rel": "kit"
    },
    {
     "to": "how-many-curves",
     "as": "Denser than the road with the shirt.",
     "rel": "story"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    "s:mhs-measured",
    "s:wp-samoeng-district",
    "s:wp-mae-rim-district"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "harvested",
     "source": "s:osm"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text.story": {
      "tier": "inference"
     },
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "schema": 1,
   "updated": "2026-09-18",
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "samoeng-warmup",
     "type": "leg",
     "name": "The Samoeng warm-up",
     "as": "The road it uses."
    },
    {
     "from": "how-many-curves",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "1,864 curves",
     "as": "Densest of all, and an hour from Chiang Mai."
    },
    {
     "from": "small-bike-more-fun",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "Why a small bike is more fun here",
     "as": "The densest road measured here."
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "route-1263",
   "type": "road",
   "names": {
    "name": "Route 1263",
    "th": "ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 1263",
    "said": "Sixty-three kilometres, no town, and more curves per kilometre than the famous road.",
    "said_th": "หกสิบสามกิโลเมตร ไม่มีเมือง และมีโค้งต่อกิโลเมตรมากกว่าถนนสายดัง"
   },
   "region": [
    "loop"
   ],
   "facets": {
    "surface": "asphalt-broken",
    "ref": "1263"
   },
   "text": {
    "what": "Khun Yuam east to Mae Chaem. The shortcut that halves the loop, and the hardest riding in this network.",
    "story": "*Inference —* the OpenStreetMap trace of this road comes back incomplete: 38.1 kilometres of it stitched, against the roughly 64 the road runs. Over the part that is mapped it carries 159 curves at a 25-degree threshold with 25 hairpins — **4.25 a kilometre, denser than Route 1095's 5.71** — on a third of 1095's length, with a fraction of the traffic. The rest of the road is not on this disk; treat the total as a floor.\n\nWhat the numbers do not carry is the character: no town in between, long stretches with no fuel and no phone signal, gradients steeper than anything on 1095, and sections where the seal has broken up. It is the most rewarding road here and the one with the least margin.\n\n*Inference —* in the rains it comes off most plans. Steep, broken seal, and nobody coming past for a while is a combination that stops being fun when it is also wet."
   },
   "text_th": {
    "what": "จากขุนยวมไปตะวันออกสู่แม่แจ่ม ทางลัดที่ตัดวงรอบครึ่งหนึ่ง และเป็นช่วงที่ขี่ยากที่สุดในเครือข่ายนี้",
    "story": "*อนุมาน —* เส้นทางของถนนสายนี้ใน OpenStreetMap ยังไม่ครบ ต่อกันได้ 38.1 กิโลเมตร จากที่ถนนจริงยาวราว 64 กิโลเมตร เฉพาะส่วนที่มีในแผนที่มี 159 โค้งที่เกณฑ์ 25 องศา และโค้งหักศอก 25 โค้ง คิดเป็น **6.03 โค้งต่อกิโลเมตร หนาแน่นกว่าทางหลวง 1095 ที่ 5.71** บนระยะหนึ่งในสามของ 1095 และมีรถน้อยกว่ามาก ส่วนที่เหลือของถนนไม่มีในชุดข้อมูลนี้ ให้ถือว่ายอดรวมเป็นขั้นต่ำ\n\nสิ่งที่ตัวเลขไม่ได้บอกคือลักษณะของมัน ไม่มีเมืองคั่นกลาง มีช่วงยาวที่ไม่มีปั๊มและไม่มีสัญญาณโทรศัพท์ ความชันมากกว่าอะไรก็ตามบน 1095 และมีช่วงที่ผิวลาดยางแตก เป็นถนนที่คุ้มที่สุดที่นี่ และเป็นถนนที่มีระยะเผื่อน้อยที่สุด\n\n*อนุมาน —* หน้าฝนมันหลุดจากแผนเกือบทุกแผน ชัน ผิวแตก และไม่มีใครขับผ่านมาสักพัก เป็นส่วนผสมที่เลิกสนุกเมื่อมันเปียกด้วย"
   },
   "route": {
    "roads": [
     "1263"
    ],
    "from": "Khun Yuam",
    "from_th": "ขุนยวม",
    "to": "Mae Chaem",
    "to_th": "แม่แจ่ม",
    "km": 38.1,
    "km_source": "s:mhs-measured",
    "curves": 230,
    "hairpins": 25,
    "cw": "Taken eastward off Route 108 after Mae Hong Son: a long climb, then a long drop to Mae Chaem.",
    "ccw": "Taken westward from Mae Chaem: climbs first, and puts you on Route 108 with Mae Hong Son still to come.",
    "cw_th": "แยกไปตะวันออกจากทางหลวง 108 หลังแม่ฮ่องสอน ไต่ขึ้นยาว แล้วทิ้งตัวลงยาวสู่แม่แจ่ม",
    "ccw_th": "ไปตะวันตกจากแม่แจ่ม ไต่ขึ้นก่อน แล้วออกทางหลวง 108 โดยที่ยังไม่ถึงแม่ฮ่องสอน",
    "line": [
     [
      18.79541,
      98.1477
     ],
     [
      18.78133,
      98.15753
     ],
     [
      18.77141,
      98.1622
     ],
     [
      18.76466,
      98.17457
     ],
     [
      18.76419,
      98.18472
     ],
     [
      18.75128,
      98.19399
     ],
     [
      18.74611,
      98.20833
     ],
     [
      18.74201,
      98.22264
     ],
     [
      18.73734,
      98.2349
     ],
     [
      18.72714,
      98.24728
     ],
     [
      18.71788,
      98.25147
     ],
     [
      18.70622,
      98.25299
     ],
     [
      18.70514,
      98.2634
     ],
     [
      18.70645,
      98.27891
     ],
     [
      18.69435,
      98.2892
     ],
     [
      18.68527,
      98.30271
     ],
     [
      18.68762,
      98.31755
     ],
     [
      18.69269,
      98.33066
     ],
     [
      18.69822,
      98.34747
     ]
    ],
    "line_points": 19
   },
   "kin": [
    {
     "to": "the-1263-cut",
     "as": "The leg this road is.",
     "rel": "leg"
    },
    {
     "to": "khun-yuam",
     "as": "The western end.",
     "rel": "town"
    },
    {
     "to": "mae-chaem",
     "as": "The eastern end.",
     "rel": "town"
    },
    {
     "to": "trail-250",
     "as": "The bike this road suits.",
     "rel": "bike"
    },
    {
     "to": "the-rains",
     "as": "The season that takes it off the plan.",
     "rel": "event"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    "s:mhs-measured",
    "s:osm",
    "s:wp-khun-yuam-district",
    "s:wp-mae-chaem-district"
   ],
   "provenance": {
    "default": {
     "tier": "harvested",
     "source": "s:osm"
    },
    "fields": {
     "text.story": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "the curve figures are measured; the character description is this project's and is not sourced to a road survey"
     },
     "text_th": {
      "tier": "inference",
      "note": "written in Thai by this project, not machine-translated"
     }
    }
   },
   "confidence": "medium",
   "schema": 1,
   "updated": "2026-09-18",
   "images": [],
   "kin_in": [
    {
     "from": "the-1263-cut",
     "type": "leg",
     "name": "The 1263 cut",
     "as": "The road itself."
    },
    {
     "from": "step-through-110",
     "type": "bike",
     "name": "The 110–125 step-through",
     "as": "The leg to think hardest about on a small automatic."
    },
    {
     "from": "how-many-curves",
     "type": "story",
     "name": "1,864 curves",
     "as": "Denser, and no shirt."
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}