{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "pinot-meunier",
 "type": "variety",
 "names": {
  "name": "Pinot Meunier",
  "aliases": [
   "Meunier",
   "Schwarzriesling",
   "Müllerrebe"
  ]
 },
 "etymology": {
  "root": "French meunier, miller — from the floury white hairs on the leaves",
  "tier": "cited",
  "source": "s:wp-pinot-meunier"
 },
 "region": [
  "champagne"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "colour": "black",
  "country": "France"
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "Pinot noir with white down on its shoot tips and leaves — meunier means miller, and the vine looks dusted with flour. It buds later, ripens earlier and survives a frosty Champagne spring that kills its parent.",
  "how": "Genetically it is a chimera: two tissue layers, each carrying its own mutation, neither identical to pinot noir. Propagate it from the wrong layer and you get something else.",
  "today": "Champagne plants it heavily in the frost-prone Marne valley, and a handful of growers now bottle it alone."
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "pinot-noir",
   "as": "The vine it mutated from, and cannot be a parent of.",
   "rel": "origin"
  },
  {
   "to": "champagne",
   "as": "Where it earns its keep: the valley floors that frost.",
   "rel": "region"
  },
  {
   "to": "vendange-entiere",
   "as": "A press-house decision that treats it the same as its parent.",
   "rel": "practice"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-pinot-meunier",
  "s:wp-pinot-noir"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited"
  }
 },
 "confidence": "high",
 "updated": "2026-09-16",
 "blurb": "Pinot noir with white down on its shoot tips and leaves — meunier means miller, and the vine looks dusted with flour. It buds later, ripens earlier and survives a frosty Champagne spring that kills its parent.",
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "champagne",
   "name": "Champagne",
   "country": "France",
   "note": "pinot noir by area is the region's largest planting, mostly pressed white"
  }
 ],
 "kin_out": [
  {
   "to": "pinot-noir",
   "type": "variety",
   "name": "Pinot noir",
   "as": "The vine it mutated from, and cannot be a parent of.",
   "rel": "origin"
  },
  {
   "to": "champagne",
   "type": "region",
   "name": "Champagne",
   "as": "Where it earns its keep: the valley floors that frost.",
   "rel": "region"
  },
  {
   "to": "vendange-entiere",
   "type": "term",
   "name": "Vendange entière",
   "as": "A press-house decision that treats it the same as its parent.",
   "rel": "practice"
  }
 ],
 "source_list": [
  {
   "id": "s:wp-pinot-meunier",
   "kind": "encyclopaedia",
   "title": "Pinot Meunier",
   "publisher": "Wikipedia",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?curid=475108",
   "permalink": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307542",
   "accessed": "2026-09-16",
   "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0"
  },
  {
   "id": "s:wp-pinot-noir",
   "kind": "encyclopaedia",
   "title": "Pinot noir",
   "publisher": "Wikipedia",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?curid=197760",
   "permalink": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302191",
   "accessed": "2026-09-16",
   "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0"
  }
 ],
 "tiers": {
  "text.what": {
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  "text.how": {
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  "text.today": {
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  "etymology": {
   "tier": "cited"
  }
 },
 "primary_image": null,
 "tag_facts": [],
 "recognition_facts": [],
 "acclaim": 0,
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "pinot-noir",
   "type": "variety",
   "name": "Pinot noir",
   "as": "A chimera of this vine — hairy leaves, earlier ripening, and a third of Champagne.",
   "rel": "mutation"
  },
  {
   "from": "champagne",
   "type": "region",
   "name": "Champagne",
   "as": "Its frost insurance on the valley floor.",
   "rel": "variety"
  },
  {
   "from": "vendange-entiere",
   "type": "term",
   "name": "Vendange entière",
   "as": "A variety often treated this way in Champagne.",
   "rel": "variety"
  }
 ]
}