Carolina Barbecue

a dishbarbecue chicken

also: half chicken · barbecued chicken · pit chicken · dipped chicken

In the Carolinas it is chicken, not barbecue: 'barbecue' alone means the pork, so the bird keeps its own name.

Split chickens laid out in overlapping rows on the wire grate of a long pit, skin gone deep gold, filling the frame from the near corner into smoke at the far end. A chain hangs from the pit's hinged lid at the left; the pit stands against a whitewashed concrete-block wall on a concrete floor.
Split chickens laid out in overlapping rows on the wire grate of a long pit, skin gone deep gold, filling the frame from the near corner into smoke at the far end. A chain hangs from the pit's hinged lid at the left; the pit stands against a whitewashed concrete-block wall on a concrete floor. — Alan Pike; Southern Foodways Alliance, CC BY 2.0

Half a chicken, cooked on the pit beside the pig or on its own cooker until the skin chars, brushed with the house sauce — vinegar and pepper in the east, a thin tomato-and-vinegar dip in the Piedmont — and sold by the half or the whole bird. At eastern pits it is the one other meat: B's in Greenville sells out of chicken halves by early afternoon, and Skylight Inn lists it beside the whole hog. Keaton's in Cleveland, Rowan County, does it the other way round, frying the chicken and dipping it in a hot vinegar-tomato barbecue sauce. NCpedia notes that North Carolinians seldom use 'barbecue' alone for chicken.

The story Cited · web-ourstate-keatons

Burette Walker Keaton was laid off by the railroad in 1953 and started selling chicken from a cinder-block shack on Cool Springs Road outside Cleveland, in Rowan County. He fried it, then dipped it in a barbecue sauce he said he had worked out 'like a football huddle' with a ninety-two-year-old man, a sauce meant to penetrate the chicken and then the bone; the legend at the counter is that Schlitz offered him $10,000 for the recipe and he said he would think about it at $100,000. He turned down offers to build a proper restaurant in Statesville or Charlotte, and he died in 1989; his niece Kathleen Murray has run Keaton's since 1991, cash only, on hours that change with the season, with the hot vinegar slaw — cabbage in vinegar, tomato, cayenne and celery seed — beside the chicken. In the east the bird is the pit's second meat. Bill and Peggy McLawhorn opened B's in a former convenience store just inside Greenville in 1978; their three daughters run it now with the pitmaster Dexter Sherrod, the hogs cook eight hours on charcoal in metal pit cookers, the chicken halves cook on their own, and the food is gone by early afternoon. Tradition holds — many eastern pits cook chicken only on certain days, and the regulars know which.

How it is done Tradition

The chicken is split into halves and laid bone-side down over the coals or on the cooker, turned once, and cooked until the skin blisters and the joints run clear; at B's it gets a light brushing of the vinegar sauce, and in the Piedmont the dip does the same work. Keaton's fries or bakes it first, then dips the whole piece in the hot sauce so the sauce goes through the crust. A half is the portion; it comes on a tray with slaw and the house bread, or by the whole bird to take away.

Today Cited · web-ourstate-bs-barbecue

B's Barbecue: chicken half $7, whole $11.50 (Our State, January 2016); the food sells out by early afternoon. Keaton's: closed Sunday and Monday, open Tuesday to Saturday on hours that vary between lunch and an evening sitting, no cards (Our State, 2017). Sam Jones BBQ lists a chicken tray and slow-cooked chicken plates (2026).

Facts

coursemain
meatchicken
stylesEastern North Carolina barbecue, Lexington-style barbecue
regionThe Carolinas, North Carolina, Eastern North Carolina, The North Carolina Piedmont
linksOur State — Keaton's Barbecue (2017) · Our State — A Day at B's Barbecue (2016)
confidencehigh · updated 2026-09-15

Recipes you may use

Public-domain cookbooks are printed here in full, spelling and all. Where a recipe is still in copyright, the page gives the ingredients — a list of what goes in is a fact — and links to the rest.

North Carolina Style BBQ Chicken

Wikibooks Cookbook · read 16 September 2026 · source · CC BY-SA 4.0
1. Season chicken liberally with the barbecue rub. Gently massage into meat and refrigerate for at least 1 hour. 2. Meanwhile, combine the vinegar, honey, and Worcestershire sauce. 3. Place enough charcoal briquets to fill the charcoal compartment of a large chimney starter. Wad up some oil-moistened newspaper, stick under the compartment, and light. Wait 15 minutes. 4. Once coals are heated, disperse evenly along the bottom of the grill. Toss in soaked hickory chunks and reapply the grate. 5. Grill chicken over medium low, turning often and brushing with vinegar mixture when turned, until internal temperature reaches 165°F. 6. Remove and let rest for 7 minutes. 7. While chicken is resting, boil remaining vinegar mixture on high for 5 minutes. Drizzle over chicken and serve warm.

Thighs and drumsticks over charcoal and soaked hickory, mopped with cider vinegar, honey and Worcestershire each time they are turned.

To Barbecue Any Kind of Fresh Meat (receipt 200)

Mrs. A. P. Hill · Mrs. Hill's New Cook-Book · 1867 · p. 145–146 · source · Public domain
Gash the meat. Broil slowly over a solid fire. Baste constantly with a sauce composed of butter, mustard, red and black pepper, vinegar. Mix these in a pan, and set it where the sauce will keep warm, not hot. Have a swab made by tying a piece of clean, soft cloth upon a stick about a foot long; dip this in the sauce and baste with it. Where a large carcass is barbecued, it is usual to dig a pit in the ground outdoors, and lay narrow bars of wood across. Very early in the morning fill the pit with wood; set it burning, and in this way heat it very hot. When the wood has burned to coals, lay the meat over. Should the fire need replenishing, keep a fire outside burning, from which draw coals, and scatter evenly in the pit under the meat. Should there be any sauce left pour it over the meat. For barbecuing a joint, a large gridiron answers well; it needs constant attention; should be cooked slowly and steadily.

'Any kind of fresh meat' takes in the half chicken; the basting sauce is receipt 335, below. A few characters in this paragraph are damaged in the scan and are read from context; the line 'Gash the meat' runs straight into 'Broil slowly' in the printing.

Sauce for Barbecues (receipt 335)

Mrs. A. P. Hill · Mrs. Hill's New Cook-Book · 1867 · p. 171 · source · Public domain
Melt half a pound of butter; stir into it a large tablespoonful of mustard, half a teaspoonful of red pepper, one of black, salt to taste; add vinegar until the sauce has a strong acid taste. The quantity of vinegar will depend upon the strength of it. As soon as the meat becomes hot, begin to baste, and continue basting frequently until it is done; pour over the meat any sauce that remains.

Butter, mustard, red and black pepper and vinegar — a mop rather than a finishing sauce, brushed on from the first heat.

Barbecue Rub

Wikibooks Cookbook · read 16 September 2026 · source · CC BY-SA 4.0
1. Combine all ingredients in an airtight container.

A dry rub, the other way a bird is seasoned before it goes on.

Its kin

stylesEastern North Carolina barbecuethe style whose pits cook a half chicken as the second meat, brushed with the vinegar sauce.stylesLexington-style barbecuethe Piedmont's chicken takes the same thin tomato-and-vinegar dip as the shoulder.placesKeaton's Barbecuewhere the chicken is fried and dipped, since 1953.and of this page it says: the dish turned inside out: the bird is fried, then dipped in the barbecue sauce, and the town calls the result barbecue.placesB's Barbecuechicken halves on their own cooker, gone by early afternoon.and of this page it says: the other thing on the pit, sold by the half and the whole.placesSkylight Inn BBQlists barbecue chicken as its one meat besides the hog.placesSam Jones BBQsells a chicken tray beside the whole hog.saucesvinegar-and-pepper saucewhat brushes the eastern half chicken.saucesLexington dipwhat the Piedmont chicken is dressed with.dishesred slawKeaton's hot vinegar slaw — cabbage in vinegar, tomato, cayenne and celery seed — is the Piedmont red slaw run hot.and of this page it says: at Keaton's the hot slaw sits beside dipped chicken.wordsbarbecuethe noun that excludes it: barbecue is pork, chicken is chicken.dishesbarbecue traythe tray it comes on in place of the pork.the pitpig cookerthe cooker a half chicken shares with the pig at an eastern pit.and of this page it says: the other meat on the same grate at a fire-department plate sale.

Who points back

sauces · says of this pageCarolina Treetwhat a cooking sauce with no sugar in it is brushed on.places · says of this pageMidway BBQchopped barbecue chicken is on the daily menu.places · says of this pageStephenson's Bar-B-Qthe second meat, with its own tangy sauce.events · says of this pagefundraiser barbecuethe other plate at a fire-department sale.

Sources

Where it came from: Cited a source we name · Harvested pulled from an open dataset · Tradition what the tradition says, hedged · Inference this project's reasoning · Field somebody stood there. This record as JSON.

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