Carolina Barbecue

a dishpork skins

also: skins · cracklins · cracklings · crackling · pork rinds · fried skins

'Skins' at the eastern counter; 'cracklins' when they come off a whole hog at a pig pickin or out of the lard pot at a hog killing.

A sample of Smithfield Farms Original Pork Rinds Chicharrones in the Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia
A sample of Smithfield Farms Original Pork Rinds Chicharrones in the Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia — Famartin, CC BY-SA 4.0

The pig's hide, cooked until it blisters and cracks. On an eastern whole hog the skin faces up through the night and is turned to the coals at the end to crisp; at Skylight Inn it is chopped into the meat, where the crunch and the salt are part of what 'barbecue' means. Sold on their own, skins are a side or a snack: fresh fried squares with pimento cheese at Sam Jones BBQ, a pork skin sandwich with slaw at Lexington Barbecue. In the Pee Dee the hog is sometimes skinned before cooking and the skin fried on its own. A crackling keeps a little fat and meat under the skin; a rind is skin alone.

The story Cited · wp-whole-hog-barbecue

The skin is the pit's own by-product. At a hog killing the fat is rendered for lard and the cracklings are what is left in the pot, and tradition holds — crackling bread, cornbread with cracklings baked in, was the winter bread of the farm. On the eastern pit the same crust comes off the barbecue: the small hogs of the Carolinas are cooked hot enough for the skin to crisp, and the skin takes up more of the smoke than the meat does, so the chopped skin carries the flavor of the fire into every bite. At a pig pickin some cooks wipe the ash from the skin with paper towels or a whisk broom before the hog is turned, to keep the cracklings clean. Tennessee cooks larger hogs at lower heat and the skin never crisps — one of the marks that separate the Carolina hog from the Memphis one. At Skylight Inn the chop takes in tenderloin, inner meat and crisped skin together, which NCpedia records as the eastern habit: in some areas bits of skin are integral to the finished product. South of the line the Pee Dee sometimes strips the hide before the pig goes on and fries it apart, and NCpedia notes North Carolinians who follow that lead, sorting skin from outside meat from inside meat.

How it is done Cited · wp-pork-rind

On the pit: the hog cooks skin-up, is turned skin-down at the end, and the blistered skin is chopped with cleavers into the meat, or lifted, salted and broken into pieces. Fried: the skin is cut into squares, rendered slowly, then fried hot so it puffs. Commercial rinds are dried pellets rehydrated and fried in pork fat at 200–210 °C, which swells them to five times their size; the pink or purple spot on a bagged rind is a USDA inspection stamp. Eaten with the fingers, salted, with hot sauce, or with pimento cheese.

Today Cited · web-samjones-menu

Sam Jones BBQ lists fresh fried pork skins with housemade pimento cheese (September 2026). Lexington Barbecue sells a pork skin sandwich with slaw at $4.50 cash, $4.65 card (September 2026). Bagged rinds from the gas station are the same thing at a distance.

Facts

courseside
meatwhole hog
stylesEastern North Carolina barbecue, Pee Dee whole-hog barbecue, Lexington-style barbecue
regionThe Carolinas, Eastern North Carolina, The Pee Dee, North Carolina, South Carolina
linksPork rind — Wikipedia · Whole hog barbecue — Wikipedia
confidencehigh · updated 2026-09-15

Recipes you may use

Public-domain cookbooks are printed here in full, spelling and all. Where a recipe is still in copyright, the page gives the ingredients — a list of what goes in is a fact — and links to the rest.

To Try the Fat (receipt 215)

Mrs. A. P. Hill · Mrs. Hill's New Cook-Book · 1867 · source · Public domain
The lard for cooking is made from the leaf fat, the fat from the chine, head and trimmings of the joints, etc. Wash it well, and soak twelve hours; if put to soak in the evening let it remain until next morning; wash it in tepid water, changing it twice; cut it in small pieces; pour a little water in the bottom of the kettle to prevent the fat from scorching (very little water is necessary); boil briskly until the oil from the meat is nearly extracted, and the process almost completed; then reduce the fire; stir frequently, turning the meat up from the bottom; when done, the cracklings will be a good brown, and float to the top and break crisp. Great care must be taken after the oil begins to look clear, to prevent its burning (the least taste of that kind will injure its quality); at the same time the cracklings must be thoroughly done, the water entirely evaporated, or the lard will turn sour. Strain first through a colander, pressing the oil out; then place a muslin or other thin cloth over the mouth of the jar, and strain again.

Cracklings as a by-product of rendering lard at hog-killing, which is where most of them came from: fried out of the fat rather than crisped on a pit. 'When done, the cracklings will be a good brown, and float to the top and break crisp' is the test. The running head is unreadable in the scan, so no page is given; the receipt number locates it.

To whiten Lard

Mrs. Barringer, of North Carolina · Dixie Cookery · 1867 · source · Public domain
To twelve gallons of lard add a pint of lye. Put the lye in when the lard is first put on. When the cracklings are a light-brown the lard is done. Strain through a thin cloth put inside of a colander.

From the household chapter rather than the cookery, and included for the same test by another hand: the cracklings tell you when to stop. The lye is for the lard, not for eating. No page is legible in the scan.

Eastern North Carolina Barbecued Pig

Wikibooks Cookbook · read 16 September 2026 · source · CC BY-SA 4.0
1. Salt hams, ribs/midsection and shoulders liberally and place skin side up on either a gas or charcoal grill or a BBQ pit. 2. Keep lid closed, and aim for a heat of approximately 275–350°F. 3. Allow 1 hour per 10 pounds cooking time (gas or charcoal). 4. 2 hours before being done, place pig with the skin side down. As soon as it is flipped, pour BBQ sauce on meat side. 5. Close lid and allow skin to crisp. 6. The pig will be done to perfection when the ham bone can be twisted freely. 7. Lift lid and allow guests to pick/pull meat, or the chef can remove meat and chop to their liking on a chopping block.

Makes about 27 lb of meat, serving 30–40.

The skin crisped on the pit rather than in a kettle: turned down to the coals for the last two hours with the lid closed.

Not to be confused with

Its kin

stylesEastern North Carolina barbecuethe style that chops the skin into the meat instead of setting it aside.the pitwhole hogthe hog they come off; in the Carolinas the skin is crisped on purpose.and of this page it says: the crisp skin the eastern chop is judged on, chopped into the meat.placesSkylight Inn BBQwhere the crisped skin goes through the chop with the tenderloin and inner meat.placesSam Jones BBQwhere fresh fried skins come with pimento cheese.placesLexington Barbecuewhere skins are sold as a sandwich with slaw.stylesPee Dee whole-hog barbecuewhere the hog is sometimes skinned before cooking and the skin fried separately.and of this page it says: the skin, taken off and fried, sold by the bag at Scott's.dishesoutside brownthe Piedmont's crust: bark from a shoulder, where the east has skin.and of this page it says: the eastern crust: chopped hog skin, where the Piedmont has bark.the pithog killingwhere cracklings began, as the residue of the lard pot.and of this page it says: cracklings, the fat's crisp remainder, are the killing's snack; pork skins are the pit's.dishescornbreadcrackling bread is cornbread with these baked in.and of this page it says: crackling bread is this bread with cracklings baked in.eventspig pickin'where the skin is wiped clean of ash before the hog is turned, for the cracklings.and of this page it says: the cracklings a clean flip produces.the pitchopping blockwhere the skin goes into the meat under the cleavers.and of this page it says: the crisp skin chopped through the eastern barbecue.wordshogthe animal whose hide this is.and of this page it says: the skin of the hog, fried; in the Pee Dee the hog is sometimes skinned before cooking and the skin fried.

Who points back

dishes · says of this pagebarbecue sandwichthe filling of Lexington Barbecue's other sandwich.places · says of this pageClyde Cooper's BBQfried skins on the tray and by the bag, in several kinds; the thing regulars name.places · says of this pageHite's Bar-B-Quesold from the same hogs.places · says of this pageMorris Barbequethe first thing it sells out of every Saturday; they have to be ordered ahead.places · says of this pageSpeedy Lohr's Barbecuea Thursday sandwich here rather than a daily side.places · says of this pageSweatman's Bar-B-Quefried when the hogs yield them.words · says of this pagePee Deein the Pee Dee the hog is sometimes skinned before cooking and the skin fried.

Pictures

Sources

Where it came from: Cited a source we name · Harvested pulled from an open dataset · Tradition what the tradition says, hedged · Inference this project's reasoning · Field somebody stood there. This record as JSON.

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