Amulet AtlasWhat it stops
736 claims, each one belonging to somebody. Every row names who said it and links the source. Whether a charm works is not a question this page answers. One row per claim, never per charm. A charm said to stop three things appears three times.
Harm against region
A blank cell is a blank — no record here makes that claim in that region. It is not a zero dressed up as a finding.
Where each worry is documented
Every claim, by what it answers
Bad luck, unspecified (90)
- Akua'ba said by enslaved Africans in the Americas, who used them as good-luck charms and as a link to home; and present-day users, for whom the form has become a broader sign of good luck
- Anting-anting said by Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, who defined it as an amulet of supernatural power that saves lives
amuleto que salva la vida, da poder sobre natural
- Bagua mirror said by householders who hang one to alter the feng shui conditions of a residence
- Bujeok said by the mudang who make them, described as providing the bearer with good fortune
- Bulla said by the cited account, which describes the phallus inside as a symbol that brought good luck in antiquity
- Caul said by Polish, Italian, French and Russian speakers, whose everyday idioms for a lucky person all mean born in a caul
- Chinese charm coin said by the good luck charms class, which the source says was traditionally used to scare away evil and protect families
- Cornicello said by the name itself: corno portafortuna, the horn that brings luck
- Cowrie strand said by the same users, in the same sentence
- Crystal pendant said by practitioners, in the cited account's summary of what they hold the stones do
boost low energy, prevent bad energy, release blocked energy, and transform a body's aura
- Daruma said by Josef Kyburz, on the New Year charms the Daruma-dera's founder drew
bring happiness and prosperity and ward off accidents and misfortune
- Evil eye bracelet said by wearers, per the Turkish account the cited source gives
According to Turkish belief, blue acts as a shield against evil and even absorbs negativity.
- Figa said by wearers in Portugal, Brazil and parts of Spain, where the sign means good luck
- Four-leaf clover said by an eleven-year-old girl, writing to St. Nicholas Magazine in 1877
Did the fairies ever whisper in your ear, that a 4-leaf clover brought good luck to the finder?
- Fu talisman said by the same coin talismans, which name misfortune alongside evil spirits
- Game-day charm said by George Gmelch, reporting what professional baseball players say about the objects they carry
Fetishes or charms are material objects believed to embody "supernatural" power that can aid or protect the owner. Good luck charms are standard equipment for some ballplayers.
- Game-day charm said by baseball fans, on the rally cap — worn inside out and backwards to turn a game around, and no good unless the team's logo shows
- Gau said by the general protective purpose both sources give, without naming a harm
- Gris-gris said by the source's summary of what wearers hold: the gris-gris protects the wearer from evil or brings luck
- Hagstone said by a woman in Essex, to researchers in 1984
I still keep stones with holes in them on my window-sill for luck
- Hirz said by the catalogue entry, which says wearers use these pieces for spiritual protection through their sacred textual contents
- Horseshoe said by carriers in England, Denmark, Lithuania and Estonia, among whom the shape, fabrication, placement and manner of sourcing all matter
- Jimat said by the same definition: tolak bala, to repel misfortune
- Keris pusaka said by Javanese owners, who test a blade by cutting a leaf or by sleeping with it under the pillow and reading the dream — a bad dream and the blade is discarded
- Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls said by the excavation report, which describes the scrolls as apparently once used as amulets; the text on them is a blessing rather than a named harm
- Ladanka said by wearers, in the practice the Russian encyclopedic entry describes and the Orthodox reference portal warns against
- Lung ta prayer flag said by the reading of the wind horse itself, which stands for speed and for the transformation of bad fortune to good fortune
- Maneki-neko said by the colour scheme as it developed alongside feng shui — black is the one kept to turn evil away
- Martenitsa said by UNESCO's description of the element: a red and white thread, untied when the first blossom tree, swallow or stork is seen, held to protect against harsh and unpredictable seasonal change
- Milagro said by people who carry rather than pin them
- Navaratna ring said by the Agni Purana, chapter 246, which calls a flawless gem an escort of good luck and forbids a flawed one
- Nazar said by the mythology of the bead itself: if one breaks, it took the whole hit and broke to protect the wearer
- Nimbu mirchi said by Hindu households in northern India, in the Alakshmi reading of the string
"the sourness of the lime and the pungency of the chilies combined creates a smell that even Alakshmi cannot tolerate"
- Ofuda said by the shrines, in the class issued against calamity or misfortune
- Omamori said by the shrines, in the category yaku-yoke — avoidance of evil, and the year just gone
- Omikuji said by the practice as recorded: a bad fortune is folded onto a pine so the bad luck waits by the tree rather than attaching itself to the bearer
- Patuá said by the Duke catalogue, describing the object's purpose
This amulet, called a pátua, used the power of the Brazilian goddess Iemanjá to protect the owner.
- Phone charm said by Japanese shrines and temples, in the cited account's summary of what an omamori is sold to do
Omamori are also used to ward off bad luck and are often spotted on bags, hung on cellphone straps, in cars, etc.
- Phra khrueang said by the Jatukham Rammathep's buyers in 2006 and 2007, who held that it kept its owner from danger and made its owner rich
- Ping'an fu said by its own name — ping'an, peace and safety — and the yearly renewal that goes with it
- Rabbit's foot said by carriers across Europe, Africa, Australia and the Americas, as summarised by the source
- Rabbit's foot said by Newbell Niles Puckett, recording an African American cook in the Mississippi Delta who wore a mojo bag containing a rabbit's foot among other ingredients for good luck
- Red string said by the same custom, and the wider use of red strings for luck in Hindu and Chinese practice the article names alongside it
- Rudraksha said by Shaiva wearers, as summarised in the source
- Sak yant said by the protective class of yant, described as warding off evil and hardship
- Scarab said by the later use of the hieroglyphs Men Kheper Re, which the source says 'seem to have become regarded as a protective charm in themselves'
- Talismanic shirt said by the inscribed names themselves, which the tradition holds capable of offering protection and guidance to the carrier
- Teru teru bōzu said by children making one the day before an outing, in the chant recorded from the Edo period: 'Fine-weather priest, please let the weather be good tomorrow'
- Agadez cross said by users who attribute to it the function of a grigri, the source's word
- Yantra plate said by users of occult yantras, for whom they serve as good luck charms and to ward off evil
- Illa practice said by the Tiwanaku population as recorded by Arthur Posnansky, who offered miniatures of what they wished to have around 22 December to ask their deities for good luck
- Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft said by Chinese households at New Year, who paste the character fu (福) upside down on a door so that it reads as good luck arriving
- European folk apotropaic craft said by Irish households at Samhain, who fixed a 'parshell' of sticks and straw over the doorway against bad luck, illness and witchcraft
- Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition said by the Devi Kavacham itself, which is said to protect the reader in all parts of the body, in all places and in all difficulties
- Engimono said by the tradition's own categories: yaku-yoke, avoidance of evil, and kaiun, opening luck
- Bujeok craft said by the cited account of Musok: pujŏk are talismans which provide the bearer with good fortune
- Latin American folk Catholic charm practice said by the same market's stock, which includes crosses of ocote wood for good luck and chains of garlic to turn evil away
- West African charm craft said by the source on gris-gris: wearers hold that it protects from evil or brings luck
- The cross said by Tuareg users of the tanaghilt, some of whom describe it as a grigri or a reserve of wealth
- The fig fist said by Portuguese, Brazilian, Galician and Asturian use, where the gesture wishes good luck
- The footprint said by Buddhist practice, in which the marks on the sole are named auspicious signs
- The footprint said by Theravada communities in Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia, who read the swastika as the Buddha's footprints
- The horn said by the amulet's own Italian name, corno portafortuna — the horn that brings luck
- The lion said by the Sirr al-Asrar's kings' talisman, a crowned man riding a lion, said to keep harm away
- The number square said by the Gargasamhita, which recommends the 3×3 to pacify the nine planets
- The red thread said by the same custom, described as a way to ward off misfortune
- The swastika said by Hindu, Buddhist and Jain practice, in which the sign is auspicious; the Sanskrit root svasti means health, luck, success, prosperity
- The tree said by Japanese shrine-goers, who tie a bad omikuji to a pine so the luck waits by the tree rather than following them home
- Cloth said by Hoodoo conjure workers, for whom red flannel carries protection and spiritual power
- Red coral said by Chinese court usage, which ties red coral to auspiciousness and longevity
- Cowrie said by the same accounts, which name good luck alongside fertility
- Hair said by the makers of goofer bags, built from goofer-root, cloth, strands of hair, needles and graveyard dirt
- Herb and root said by Hoodoo conjure workers, for whom the lucky hand root was a gambler's ingredient
- Iron said by horseshoe customs in England, Denmark, Lithuania and Estonia
- Paper said by Shinto shrines, which issue ofuda for calamity and misfortune and for safety in the home
- Seed and nut said by the Upanishadic account attributed to Kalagni-Rudra, which promises the benefit of giving cows in charity for uttering, seeing and touching the bead
- Turquoise said by Navajo use, described in the sources as spiritual protection and blessing
- Blessing at a shrine said by visitors who draw an omikuji and tie a bad one to a pine tree on the grounds, on the pun that the bad luck will wait by the tree rather than follow them
- Burning at retirement said by Japanese carriers, for whom burning the year's omamori is a sign of respect to the deity that helped them through it
- Buying one in a market said by buyers at Alasitas in La Paz, where purchasing a miniature and giving it away is the claim on the full-sized thing within the year
- Consecration said by Thai amulet practice, as summarised in the cited account
- Counting beads said by the Sikh simranee, 27 beads often of iron, worn on the wrist
- Feeding the charm said by hoodoo practitioners, who feed a mojo to keep it working
alive with spirit
- Folding said by carriers of omamori, who keep the packet shut so the protection is not lost
- Inheriting said by Javanese owners, for whom a kris carries piyandel, the property of adding self-confidence to its holder
- Renewing yearly said by the omamori custom, in which amulets are replaced once a year to ward off the previous year's bad luck
- Sewing in said by wearers of gris-gris across West Africa and the Caribbean
- Tattooing said by the tradition's own account of the three effects: benefit to the bearer, protection, and effect on the people around them
- Washing off the ink said by Filipino agimat practice, in which an amulet may be consumable — enchanted mud, or a mutya that is ingested
- Wearing hidden said by Catholic wearers of the devotional scapular, worn under the clothes as a pledge and a reminder
Illness (83)
sickness in general, where no cause is named
- Ankh amulet said by Egyptian amulet practice as summarised in the source, which says amulets cut as hieroglyphs 'were meant to impart to the wearer the qualities represented by the sign' — and this sign's quality is life
- Azabache said by Tabor's respondents
- Brigid's cross said by one of the two stories attached to the cross, in which Brigid wove it to neutralise a poisoned drink handed to her by a woman of ill intent
- Cippus of Horus said by the instructions on the cippi, which the source says were used to heal afflictions caused by snake or scorpion venom
- Crystal pendant said by adherents of crystal healing, as summarised by the cited account, which attaches its own contradiction in the same sentence
Adherents of the practice claim that these have healing powers, but there is no scientific basis for this claim.
- Daruma said by Edo households during measles and smallpox outbreaks, who set daruma figures on a small altar for the God of Smallpox
- Dzi bead said by Tibetan medicine, in which a portion of a bead is ground off and used, leaving dig marks
- Ethiopian talismanic scroll said by the source, which gives the range as 'bed bugs, to home intruders, to smallpox', and says the scroll treats the spiritual cause while homeopathic medicines address the physical symptoms
- Fu talisman said by Chinese medical writing, where the practice is called zhuyou and was used alongside drugs, meditation, acupuncture, astrology and massage
- Gau said by the practice of carrying consecrated medicine and relic pills inside the box
- Gris-gris said by Mande Muslims, among whom the source says Islamic scholars' powers are held to be 'employed to prevent misfortune, cure illness, heal wounds, and forecast the future'
- Hamsa said by the Mesopotamian precedent von Kemnitz names: amulets of the hand of Ishtar, used to keep evil or disease from entering a building
- Holy rider pendant said by the Testament of Solomon, where the demon also claims deafness, eye trouble, obstructions of the throat, madness and bodily pain
- Incantation bowl said by the medieval Islamic talismanic bowls, used for healing by drinking the water left in them overnight
- Inuit amulet said by the published ethnography of Inuit religion, which holds that illness can be caused by offending the spirits
- Jimat said by Indonesian Wikipedia's definition: a jimat is hung to protect its owner and to ward off illness — menangkal penyakit
- Kamea said by the Talmud, which mentions charms for healing, and the rabbis who sanctioned a wide range of magical cures — it was ruled that any practice actually producing a cure was not to be counted among the forbidden ones
- Lamashtu plaque said by the Mesopotamian texts, where she also functions as a bringer of disease to adolescents, adults and the old
- Magical gem said by the Campbell Bonner Magical Gems Database
designed to bring their owners health, prosperity and love
- Maneki-neko said by the colour scheme: red is the health cat
- Martenitsa said by Bulgarian and Macedonian tradition, in which the red and white threads carry the wish for good health
- Milagro said by petitioners, who choose the shape to match the ailment
- Miraculous Medal said by the Daughters of Charity and the people who reported cures during the cholera pandemic of the 1830s
- Navaratna ring said by the same passage, which names diseases
- Nkisi said by Kongo practice — many minkisi are used for healing, and a nkondi can cause or cure a sickness tied to it
- Pazuzu head said by an Assyrian ritual text, which prescribes a Pazuzu head to banish sickness
- Phra khrueang said by the Phra Kring, the rattling Medicine Buddha statuette, which Thai accounts describe as sounding the name of Bhaisajyaguru as the wearer walks
- Qur'an pendant said by the wider Islamic amulet tradition, which the cited account says was meant to promote health, longevity, fertility and potency
- Sak yant said by those who hang yant-marked cloth or metal in a house, a place of worship or a vehicle against danger and illness
- Senninbari said by wearers of the senninbari haramaki, the waist form, which was held to maintain good health as well as luck
- Sungkhor said by the same sentence; the Wellcome Collection's Tibetan cosmological amulet is catalogued as a protection against diseases
- Tabiz said by Islamic amulet practice generally, which the same account says was meant to promote health, longevity, fertility and potency
- Talismanic shirt said by Surah Yusuf, in which the prophet Joseph's shirt cures his father's blindness
Go with this my shirt, and cast it over the face of my father: he will come to see
- Tama said by petitioners, who choose the shape to match the affliction
A heart may symbolize a prayer for love or a heart problem. Eyes may indicate an eye affliction, hands or legs may indicate maladies of the limbs.
- Ta'wiz said by the cited account, which says these objects were meant to promote health, longevity, fertility and potency as well as to ward off misfortune
- Tefillin said by the early rabbinic tradition, in which tefillin are credited with life-lengthening qualities
- Tyet said by Egyptologists, who tie the sign to Isis and to the healing powers that are an important part of her character
- Wedjat eye said by Egyptian religious texts, as summarised by Egyptologists
- Witch bottle said by the travelling old man in Joseph Glanvill's 1681 Suffolk account, prescribing the bottle for a wife who had been long in a languishing condition
- Worry stone said by writers on cognitive behavioral therapy, as summarised by the cited source
The action of moving one's thumb back and forth across the stone is thought to reduce stress, but there is no conclusive scientific evidence to support this.
- Yantra plate said by the same summary, which lists preventative medicine
- Bakongo nkisi craft said by the same practice — many minkisi are used for healing
- Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft said by Taoist zhuyou practice, used in China alongside medicine, meditation, acupuncture, astrology and massage, and with official support from the Sui to the late Ming
- Egyptian amulet craft said by Egyptian religious texts, as summarised by Egyptologists — the wedjat stands for well-being and healing before it stands for anything else
- Ethiopian scroll craft said by the source, whose published range is 'bed bugs, to home intruders, to smallpox'
- Greek and Roman protective magic said by the wearers of carved gems, which the cited account describes as worn to take on the associated powers of a god rather than out of piety
- Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition said by users of occult yantras, for whom they serve as preventative medicine
- Islamic talismanic craft said by Islamic healing practice; hadith permit magic for healing so long as it contains no act of shirk, and medieval talismanic bowls carry inscriptions naming what each was for — colic, childbirth, a nosebleed, a scorpion sting, the bite of a mad dog
- Practical Kabbalah said by the Talmud, which mentions charms used for healing, and the rabbis who sanctioned a wide range of magical cures; segullot, folk remedies, have been widely used in Jewish communities since
- Latin American folk Catholic charm practice said by petitioners at shrines, who pin a milagro shaped like the afflicted part to a saint's image as a reminder of the need or in thanks for an answer
- Thai wicha said by the Phra Kring, made in the image of Bhaisajyaguru the medicine Buddha, of whom the tradition says that whoever hears his name in passing or sees his image will be healed
- Tibetan protection craft said by the same sentence; and the Wellcome Collection's Tibetan cosmological amulet, catalogued as a protection against diseases
- West African charm craft said by the source on juju, which says it is most commonly used for treating both physical and spiritual ailments
- The square hole said by a Han pendant charm inscription, bi bing mo dang — avoid hostilities and ward off sickness
- The name said by the Gnostics of Basilides, who used the written formula to call beneficent spirits against disease and misfortune
- The knot said by Bulgarian and Macedonian practice: the red and white threads are described as a wish for good health
- The lion said by the astral-medical text LBAT 1597, which ties lamashtu-disease to the moon in the region of Leo
- The word that reads both ways said by the 16th-century Italian Jewish codex Ets ha-Da'at, which calls it a cure from heavens for all sorts of fevers, consumption and fire
- The red thread said by Bulgarian and Macedonian practice: the red and white threads are a wish for good health
- The beetle said by the sign's association with Khepri and the daily renewal of the sun, as summarised by Egyptologists
- The serpent said by the Asclepius staff and the Ningizzida rod, both healing emblems in their own traditions
- The swastika said by Navajo practice, in which the whirling log, tsin náálwołí, is used in healing rituals
- The tooth and the claw said by Pliny the Elder, cited by the museum: a wolf's tooth could also prevent a child from being startled
- Amber said by the European tradition of amber teething and colic necklaces, which argues from succinic acid
- Cloth said by the Muslim wearers of talismanic shirts, whose textual model is Joseph's shirt healing Jacob's blindness
Go with this my shirt, and cast it over the face of my father: he will come to see
- Gold said by the givers of milagros, votive charms made in gold where a family can afford gold
- Herb and root said by Mexico City herb sellers, whose ten-herb blend against the 2009 flu sold at 80 pesos per kilo
- Ink said by users of the washed slate in Nigeria and Cameroon, where the collected water is consumed or used in healing rituals
- Ink said by the Islamic healing literature Remke Kruk summarises, which prescribes drinking water over which Qur'anic passages have been recited
- Jade said by the Spanish name-givers, who called it flank stone for a reputed power over the loins and kidneys
- Parchment said by the same writers, who made the amulets to cure bodily illnesses
- Skin said by readings of Ötzi's 61 tattoos, which correspond to areas of degeneration in his bones and have been read as pain treatment
- Thread and cord said by Bulgarian and Macedonian wearers of the martenitsa, whose red and white threads carry a wish for good health
- Turquoise said by the several ancient cultures whose common belief held that the stone changed colour with the wearer's health
- Blessing at a shrine said by petitioners who pin a milagro shaped like the afflicted part to a saint's image, and the pilgrims who left hundreds of crutches, canes and braces on the grilles of the Votive Chapel at Saint Joseph's Oratory in Montreal
- Consecration said by Taoist zhuyou practice, used in China alongside medicine, meditation, acupuncture and massage
- Counting beads said by wearers of rudraksha, which the cited account says are worn by believers for protection and for chanting mantras such as Om Namah Shivaya
- Grave deposit said by Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead, on the red jasper tyet placed at a mummy's neck
the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body
- Inscribing said by Taoist zhuyou healers, in use in China since at least the Eastern Han
- Knotting said by the Bulgarian and Macedonian custom, in which the red and white threads stand for a wish for good health
- Renewing yearly said by Bulgarian and Macedonian wearers, for whom the red and white threads carry a wish for health and are then given to a fruit tree
- Tattooing said by the Chimu of coastal Peru, who wore tattoos for magic and medical purposes
- Washing off the ink said by Islamic healing practice as summarised in the cited account, which records treating a stomach ache by drinking water over which Quranic passages have been recited
The evil eye (67)
harm carried by a look, often an admiring one
- Azabache said by parents in Hispanic families, as surveyed by Edward Tabor
- Bulla said by Pliny, on the phallic charm the bulla usually contained
- Cimaruta said by Italian wearers, who name the harm mal'occhio
- Cornicello said by Italian wearers, who name it malocchio
- Dzi bead said by the account of the beads' origin given in the source, which says the makers put eyes on them as a fight-fire-with-fire answer to the harmful look
- Ethiopian talismanic scroll said by the scrolls themselves — the spells, prayers and formulas they carry offer protection or cure against the Evil Eye
- Evil eye bracelet said by wearers across Turkey, Greece, the Balkans, West and South Asia and the diaspora
- Fascinum said by Pliny the Elder
medicus invidiae
- Figa said by the ancient Greeks, who wore amulets of the gesture at the neck, and present-day wearers in Portugal, Brazil, Galicia and Asturias
- Gorgoneion said by the consensus of classical scholars, who read the gorgoneion as an apotropaion — a device to ward away unwanted things
a ritual mask misunderstood
- Hamsa said by carriers across North Africa and the Middle East, who say khamsa fi ainek — 'five [fingers] in your eye'
Khamsa, Khamsa, Khamsa, tfu, tfu, tfu
- Hirz said by Islamic talismanic practice as summarised in the source, which lists protection against the evil eye, misfortune, jinn and demons first among what such talismans are used for
- Holy rider pendant said by the Bawit wall painting, which sets the piercing of the evil eye in the same composition as the trampled demon
- Horseshoe said by Turkish practice, in which metal or blue glass horseshoes are combined with the all-seeing eye
- Incantation bowl said by the Jewish bowls from Nippur, which list it among the evil influences they are set against
- Kamea said by the older Jewish written-amulet practice the incantation bowls document, which names the evil eye directly
- Lunula said by the cited account of Roman amulet practice, which names the evil eye as the thing Romans guarded against above all
- Nazar said by carriers across Turkey, Greece, Iran, Afghanistan and South Asia
According to Turkish belief, blue acts as a shield against evil and even absorbs negativity.
- Nimbu mirchi said by wearers and householders in North India and Pakistan, for whom this is one of the nazar battu class
- Ojo de venado said by sellers in the Mercado de Sonora, Mexico City
a seed called "deer's eye" to protect against the "evil eye"
- Qur'an pendant said by the tradition summarised in the cited article, which reads the verse's association with protection as extending to the evil eye
- Red string said by the Jewish folk custom as described in the cited article: worn to ward off misfortune brought about by the evil eye, ayin hara
- Tabiz said by wearers in North India and Pakistan, where threads with a taveez attached are among the objects used against nazar
- Ta'wiz said by the cited account of Islamic amulets, which names warding off the evil eye as one of their main functions
- Wedjat eye said by later Mediterranean use of the same shape
- Ethiopian scroll craft said by the scrolls' own texts, which the source says offer protection or cure against the Evil Eye
- European folk apotropaic craft said by carriers across the Mediterranean, the Balkans and Eastern Europe; Frederick Elworthy assembled the European half of it into one subject in 1895
- Greek and Roman protective magic said by Greeks and Romans alike; the cited account names the Gorgon as the most widely used image among the Greeks for averting evil
- Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition said by households in North India and Pakistan, at the folk end of the same tradition, where nazar is the harm and a lime and seven chillies the answer
- Islamic talismanic craft said by the tradition as summarised in the cited account: talismans deflect disease, danger and the evil eye and attract divine protection
- Practical Kabbalah said by Jewish folk custom, which is where the red string sits: a thin scarlet thread worn at the wrist against harm brought by the evil eye, ayin hara
- Latin American folk Catholic charm practice said by Mexican and Caribbean households: a Mucuna seed called deer's eye against mal de ojo, and a jet fist tied on a newborn within days of birth
- The bell said by Roman wearers of the fascinum, whose winged phallus turns up as jewellery, lamps and wind chimes alike
- The crescent said by Roman practice, in which amulets were worn especially against the evil eye
- The name said by the tradition around Ayat al-Kursi, which extends its protection to the evil eye
- The eye said by carriers across the Mediterranean, West and South Asia, Africa and Latin America
- The fig fist said by ancient Greeks, who wore amulets of the gesture at the neck
- The hand said by carriers across North Africa and the Middle East, as reported of the hamsa
- The horn said by southern Italian wearers; the harm is named malocchio
- The key said by southern Italian wearers of the cimaruta, one form of which carries a key among its sprigs
- The number square said by Islamic talismanic practice, in which squares are used against the evil eye, misfortune, jinn and demons
- The open palm said by carriers across North Africa and the Middle East
- The phallus said by Pliny, who called the fascinus a medicus invidiae — a remedy for envy and for the look
medicus invidiae
- The red thread said by the Jewish folk custom, which names the harm as ayin hara
- The spiral said by the bowls' own inscriptions, which name the evil eye among the influences they act against
- The tooth and the claw said by Illyrians, who used animal teeth against it alongside the phallus, the hand and the leg
- Carnelian said by writers on Islamic amulet practice, summarising why this stone is chosen
- Cloth said by Jewish families in Alsace, southern Germany and Switzerland, who set a coin or coral on a boy's brit milah neckband
- Copper and bronze said by the account of the Turkish eye bead, which names copper among the shielding ingredients
- Red coral said by southern Italian wearers of the cornicello, where the coral is part of the argument
- Glass said by Turkish sellers and wearers, who name the blue and the ingredients
According to Turkish belief, blue acts as a shield against evil and even absorbs negativity.
- Glass said by carriers of the concentric blue-and-white bead from the Phoenicians to the Ottomans
- Gold said by Roman use as summarised by Isidore of Seville and by writers on Roman dress
- Herb and root said by stallholders at the Mercado de Sonora, who sell chains of garlic to ward off evil and a deer's-eye seed against the evil eye
- Herb and root said by southern Italian households, who hang dried chili peppers against the malocchio
- Ink said by the same bowls' inscriptions, which name the evil eye, Lilith and Bagdana
- Iron said by the recipe given for a Turkish nazar bead, which puts iron in the batch
- Jet said by Roman users in Britain, for whom jet amulets and pendants were held to deflect the gaze
- Paper said by the makers of block-printed Islamic paper amulets, and the Qur'anic verses printed on them
- Salt said by the published recipe for a Turkish nazar bead, which names salt among the ingredients
- Seed and nut said by stallholders at the Mercado de Sonora, who sell a seed called deer's eye against it
- Silver said by Egyptian users of the hirz and the hamsa, where the silver itself is part of the claim
- Fired clay said by the bowls' own inscriptions, which name the evil eye, Lilith and Bagdana among the influences they act against
- Thread and cord said by wearers of the Jewish red string, and the commentators who call it a good omen
- Tooth, tusk and claw said by wearers in Italy, who used a tooth or a tuft of fur of the Italian wolf against it
- Inheriting said by the account of dzi beads, whose etched eyes are described as meeting the harm with its own image
- Knotting said by wearers of the scarlet wrist thread, a Jewish folk custom with no basis in Torah, halakha or kabbalistic law
Ghosts and hungry spirits (50)
- Anting-anting said by the same tradition: the other frequent kind drives out evil spirits
- Bagua mirror said by the account of the bronze mirrors this one descends from, used by Taoist masters in Mirror Techniques said to reveal or destroy evil spirits
- Bujeok said by Korean vernacular religion, in which mudang are the specialists called to deal with jabkwi, the wandering dead whose touch causes affliction
- Caul said by Jamaican folklore, in which duppies cannot harm a person born with a caul
- Chinese charm coin said by Taoist charms, the Lei Ting curse charms, which ask Leigong to kill evil spirits and bogies
- Concealed shoe said by M. Chris Manning, who reads the deposits against the northern European household spirit — the brownie, the hob, the domovoi
- Dol hareubang said by the record of the 1754 order at Jeju-mok, made after famines in the reigns of Sukjong and Yeongjo, when vengeful spirits were held to be roaming and tormenting the living
- Dzi bead said by Tibetan owners, for whom the beads attract local protectors, dharmapalas, deities, beneficial ghosts, ancestors or bodhisattvas
- Ethiopian talismanic scroll said by the same texts, against malevolent spirits
- Figa said by the Roman pater familias, who made the sign during the Lemuria
- Four-leaf clover said by the folk tradition that a four-leaf clover grants the power to see fairies
- Fu talisman said by Taoist coin talismans, most of which ask Lei Gong to protect their carriers from evil spirits and misfortune
- Horseshoe said by the account of why iron was chosen: horseshoes were originally made of iron, a material held to ward off evil spirits
- Inuit amulet said by the same record: amulets are worn among the means of avoiding offence and retribution
- Martenitsa said by the ancient practice the ethnographers connect it to, in which red or otherwise coloured threads protected children and young people from evil spirits
- Ofuda said by temple practice: the Tsuno Daishi gofu, the monk Ryōgen drawn as a yaksha, goes on the doorway
- Ongon said by Mongolian shamanic practice, in which the made ongon plays a central part in the ritual that invokes the protection of the spirit
- Ping'an fu said by Taoist talismanic practice generally, where most coin talismans ask Lei Gong to protect their carriers from evil spirits and misfortune
- Rowan cross said by Thomas Keightley, on mortals who put a rowan branch over their doors to watch the fairy rades safely
- Sungkhor said by the same sentence, which names harmful spirits
- Toli said by the account of the mirrors as ritual armour, which has them ward off harmful or attacking spirits and collect and trap hostile ones
- Witch bottle said by the same account, which names evil spirits alongside magical attacks
- Yantra plate said by the source's summary of occult yantras, which lists exorcism among their uses
- Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft said by the coin talismans, most of which request Lei Gong to protect their carriers from evil spirits and misfortune
- Ethiopian scroll craft said by the same texts, against malevolent spirits
- European folk apotropaic craft said by the cold-iron rule, recorded across Britain, Ireland and Scandinavia: iron repels, contains or harms ghosts, fairies and witches
- Practical Kabbalah said by the Hekhalot literature, in which the angels guarding each heavenly level are bound by formulae and seals — the technique the Talmud and Midrash call using the Divine Name
- Bujeok craft said by the gut itself, at whose close wandering spirits that may have gathered are expelled and talismans may be distributed to attendees
- The bell said by Roman householders, in whose practice the sounds of bells were held to keep away evil spirits
- The bell said by Korean mudang, whose brass bells are meant to attract the attention of the spirits rather than repel them
a central symbol
- The square hole said by Han-era users: the coins were cast to speak to the dead, to pray for favourable outcomes and to terrify ghosts
- The fig fist said by the Roman pater familias, who made the sign during the Lemuria against the spirits of the dead
- The key said by Vodouists, for whom Papa Legba is the key to the spirit world and is matched with the key-holding Saint Peter
- The mirror said by Taoist masters, whose mirror techniques are described as revealing or destroying evil spirits
- The serpent said by Angkorean builders, who set hooded multi-headed nāgas as guardians of temples and other premises
- The tooth and the claw said by Inuit accounts, in which an amulet's efficacy is attributed to its corresponding spirit
- The tree said by Thomas Keightley's account of the fairy rades, watched safely from behind a rowan branch laid over the door
- Bone and ivory said by Greenlandic accounts of the tupilaq, assembled from bone, skin, hair and sinew
- Copper and bronze said by Chinese householders, whose house charms include small bronze statues set to protect the house from evil spirits
- Ink said by Taoist priests, whose coin talismans mostly request Lei Gong to protect the carrier from evil spirits and misfortune
- Iron said by English, Irish and Scottish folk tradition as recorded by folklorists
- Salt said by Mahayana Buddhist practice of throwing salt over the left shoulder on returning from a funeral
- Skin said by Austronesian carriers, among whom tattoos were regarded as wards against evil spirits and illnesses, and tattooed people in Rajasthan
- Wood said by Thomas Keightley's account: a rowan branch over the door let mortals watch the fairy rades safely
- Burning at retirement said by Korean mudang, who close a gut by burning name tags, ancestors' clothes, straw shoes and imitation money to send the spirits off
- Burying said by Korean mudang, whose gear is burned or buried at death to cut their deities off from the family
- Consecration said by Kongo banganga, as described by scholars of minkisi
- Grave deposit said by Fijian practice, in which men were buried with their tabua and war clubs to help them in the afterlife
- Hanging at the door said by European households nailing worn horseshoes above doorways, and the legend of Saint Dunstan attached to the custom
- Tattooing said by Austronesian societies, where tattoos were regarded as wards against evil spirits and illness
Demons and night-hags (43)
- Bes amulet said by Egyptian householders, who kept his image indoors; the source says he scared demons away from houses, so his statue was put up as a protector
- Concealed shoe said by Brian Hoggard, on what the hiding places suggest: charms against evil influences such as demons, ghosts and witches
- Fu talisman said by the exorcism use named in the word itself: fu are instructions for deities and spirits and symbols for exorcism
- Hagstone said by Reginald Scot, printing the cure for the night-mare in The Discoverie of Witchcraft, 1584
hang a stone over the afflicted persons bed, which stone hath naturallie such a hole in it, as wherein a string may be put through it
- Hirz said by the hadith reported in the source on the Throne Verse: reciting it wards off devils, shayatin, and fiends, afarit
- Holy rider pendant said by the amulet's own labels: Solomon, Arlaph or Saint Sisinnios doing the driving off
- Horseshoe said by the legend of Saint Dunstan, who is said to have extracted a promise that the Devil would never enter a household with a horseshoe nailed to the door
- Horseshoe said by an alternative explanation recorded in Irish and British folklore: fairies are repelled by iron, and a horseshoe was the readiest source of it
- Incantation bowl said by the bowls themselves, which name Lilith and Bagdana
When placed upside down under each corner of a house, demons would follow the inscribed charms that spiraled from the outer rim inward, only to be caught in the center.
- Kamea said by the Hekhalot literature and the later baal shem tradition, in which angels are bound by names and formulae
- Lamashtu plaque said by the ritual imagery, which sets Pazuzu against her on the same object
- Lunula said by Roman practice, as summarised in the cited article: against evil forces, demons and sorcery
- Mezuzah said by early rabbinic sources named in the cited article — Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 4:12, Babylonian Talmud Bava Metziya 102a, Babylonian Talmud Pesahim 113b — which witness a belief in an anti-demonic function
- Mjölnir pendant said by the carver of the Kvinneby amulet, 11th-century Öland, in Mindy MacLeod and Bernard Mees's translation
May Thor protect him with his hammer which came from out of the sea. Flee from evil!
- Navaratna ring said by Sri Suta Goswami, narrating the Garuda Purana, chapter 68, verse 17
"Pure, flawless gems have auspicious powers which can protect one from demons, snakes, poisons, diseases, sinful reactions, and other dangers, while flawed stones have the opposite effect."
- Pazuzu head said by Pazuzu himself, in a text narrated in his voice
I ascended a mighty mountain that shook, and the (evil) winds I encountered there were heading West; One by one I broke their wings.
- Qur'an pendant said by hadith, in which reciting the Throne Verse wards off devils (šayāṭīn) and fiends (ʿafārīt); the verse is also used in exorcism against jinn
- Tabiz said by Muslim users, as summarised in scholarship on Islamic talismanic practice
- Ta'wiz said by the same account, which names the jinn; Islamic talismans invoke God, angels or prophets, and addressing jinn or demons is prohibited
- Tefillin said by Numbers Rabbah 12:3, which has tefillin defeating a thousand demons emerging on the left side, and the rabbis Yohanan and Nahman, who used their sets against the demons of privies
- Catholic sacramentals said by the Catechism itself, which lists exorcisms as one of the three kinds of sacramental
- Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft said by the fu itself, defined in the tradition as instructions for deities and spirits and symbols for exorcism
- Kavacha — the Hindu armour tradition said by Sri Suta Goswami in the Garuda Purana, on flawless gems
- Islamic talismanic craft said by the tradition's own rule — protection against jinn and demons is a stated function, and the text addresses God about them rather than addressing them
- Practical Kabbalah said by the practice as recorded in the German case of 1713 — Rabbi Hirsch Fraenkel was imprisoned for a library said to contain oaths and amulets for overcoming demons, seeing the future and speaking to the dead
- Mesopotamian household protection said by the ritual specialists, who set one demon against another
- Tibetan protection craft said by the account of a lama's ordinary work for lay people, which includes rites for avoiding harm from demonic forces and enemies
- The square hole said by feng shui practice, in which coin-swords are hung to frighten away demons and evil spirits
- The crescent said by the same account: against evil forces, demons and sorcery
- The name said by hadith on the Throne Verse, which say reciting it turns away devils and fiends
- The hand said by von Kemnitz, on hand-of-Ishtar amulets in Mesopotamia and Babylon, used to keep evil or disease out of a building
- The lion said by Lamashtu's own amulets, worn, attached to the body or garments, or placed near beds and doorways
- The spiral said by the householders of Nippur, in John Charles Arnold's reading of the bowls
When placed upside down under each corner of a house, demons would follow the inscribed charms that spiraled from the outer rim inward, only to be caught in the center.
- Ink said by the householders of Nippur, whose spiral-written bowls were buried face down under thresholds
- Paper said by Taoist practitioners of fulu, whose calligraphy is made against evil spirits
- Parchment said by early Egyptian Christians, whose parchment and papyrus amulets carried Gospel incipits and Psalm 91 against them
- Salt said by Catholic teaching, which permits lay use of holy water and blessed salt for warding off evil
- Silver said by the incised sheet amulets of late antique Palestine and Syria, which name God against them
- Fired clay said by the householders of Nippur, in the reading of the bowls given by John Charles Arnold
When placed upside down under each corner of a house, demons would follow the inscribed charms that spiraled from the outer rim inward, only to be caught in the center.
- Burying said by the users of Mesopotamian incantation bowls, buried face down under thresholds and in the corners of houses
- Foundation deposit said by the users of incantation bowls buried under thresholds and in house corners
- Hanging at the door said by Japanese households placing Tsuno Daishi gofu on doorways and entrances
- Inscribing said by the Aramaic and Syriac incantation bowls themselves, addressed to the demons they name
Harm to a house or a field (40)
- Bagua mirror said by feng shui practice, in which sharp building corners and a road running at a house are sources of poison-arrows the mirror is hung to deflect
- Brigid's cross said by Irish households, who hang the cross in the rafters and over entryways to invoke the saint's blessing and protection for the year
- Concealed shoe said by early modern building custom, which put written charms, dried cats, horse skulls, witch bottles and shoes into the structure of a house
- Corn dolly said by the custom at Bruck in Styria as recorded by James Frazer, in which the Corn-mother was laid down in the barn to keep off the mice
- Dol hareubang said by the statues' position — at gates and at the entrances of fortresses, at the boundaries of settlements, projecting power and security
- Ekeko said by Aymara households; the cited source says the Ekhako was invoked when a disgrace disturbed the home
- Fascinum said by the rite of Father Liber reported by Augustine from Varro, in which the image went round the fields to repel fascinatio from them
- Gorgoneion said by Greek builders, who set the face on pediments, antefixes and acroteria
- Hagstone said by Russian folklore, in which the stones housed the Kurinyi Bog and were placed in farmyards against the Kikimora
- Hex sign said by the talismanic school of interpretation, and Lee R. Gandee, who called the signs painted prayers in 1971
- Horseshoe said by European householders, who put worn shoes above doorways to guard houses, barns and stables
- Illa said by the same, for fields as well as herds — the cited source names agricultural alongside pastoral fertility
- Incantation bowl said by the users, who buried them under thresholds, in courtyards and in the corners of houses
- Mezuzah said by about three-quarters of adults in Israel, according to sociological research summarised in the cited article
- Ofuda said by the shrines, which issue ofuda specifically for safety within the home and for the hearth
- Omamori said by the shrines, in the category kanai-anzen — the well-being of a household
- Ongon said by Darkhad households, many of which own lineage talismans (yazguur ongod) or household talismans (geriin ongod) that both contain and attract spirits
- Qur'an pendant said by al-Suyuti's narration, in which a jinn teaches a man the verse that keeps any devil from entering his house with him
- Rowan cross said by English building practice, in which rowan was chosen for the post or mantel over a fireplace to discourage witchcraft
- Witch bottle said by early modern building custom, which hid bottles alongside written charms, dried cats and horse skulls in the fabric of a house
- Illa practice said by Bolivian households, who bury a sullu — a dried llama foetus — under the foundations as an offering to Pachamama, bought at the same counters
- Fulu — Taoist talismanic craft said by users of the bagua mirror, installed to turn away negative energy and guard the entryways of a residence
- Greek and Roman protective magic said by Greek builders, who carved bearded satyr-like faces over the doors of ovens and kilns to protect the work from fire and mishap
- Engimono said by shrines issuing kanai-anzen for the safety, peace and prosperity of a household, and ofuda placed on gates, doorways, kitchens and ceilings
- Bujeok craft said by clients, who affix the talismans to the internal walls of their homes
- Mesopotamian household protection said by the household use the cited account describes: fearsome deities invoked in the home, not in state-run temples
- The cross said by Irish practice: a Brigid's cross hung from the rafters for the saint's blessing and protection through the year
- The name said by the reading of Shaddai on a mezuzah as Shomer Daltot Yisrael, Guardian of Israel's doors
- The knot said by Irish practice — a Brigid's cross hung from the rafters for the saint's blessing and protection over the year
- The mirror said by feng shui practitioners, on sha qi — poison arrows from a building's sharp corner or a road running at the door
- The phallus said by Roman householders, who hung phallic wind chimes at doorways and thresholds
- The red thread said by Romanian and Moldovan observers, who record the pendant as a talisman for the wearer's health and beauty
- The swastika said by Hindu householders, who put it at entrances and on doorways of homes and temples
- Parchment said by Jewish households, who fix the inscribed klaf to the doorpost as the commandment directs
- Blessing at a shrine said by Japanese households, whose kanai-anzen charm and household-altar ofuda are both issued from a shrine
- Feeding the charm said by Japanese households making daily offerings of rice, salt, water and sake at the kamidana
- Folding said by Japanese households, who keep folded shrine talismans on a kamidana facing east, south or southeast
- Foundation deposit said by Egyptian builders, whose deposits were meant to keep the building from falling into ruin
- Hanging at the door said by Jewish households; Chabad representatives ran a campaign for the systematic checking of mezuzot after attacks at Ma'alot in the 1970s, on the assumption that keeping the commandment would guarantee personal safety
- Renewing yearly said by Irish households, who hung a new Brigid's cross in the rafters on 1 February for the saint's blessing over the year
Another person's sorcery (39)
- Caul said by some early modern European traditions, which linked caul birth to defending fertility and the harvest against witches and sorcerers such as the benandanti
- Concealed shoe said by the explanation favoured by most scholars, in which a witch drawn by the human scent of a shoe enters it and cannot reverse out
- Gorgoneion said by Greek practice generally, as summarised in the account of apotropaic magic: the Gorgon was the most widely used image among the Greeks for averting evil
- Kamea said by the practitioners recorded in the cited article, including the baal shem said to have exorcised a dybbuk
- Lunula said by the same account, which names sorcery alongside demons
- Magical gem said by the cited account of the stones, which reads many of them as amulets and instruments of magic, written in the same formulae as the papyri
- Martenitsa said by the same account, which names witchcraft alongside evil spirits
- Nkisi said by Kongo practice as summarised in the source: banganga defend the living against harmful workings and against the sicknesses that result from them
- Phra khrueang said by the functions Thai collectors list for the Phra Somdej: protection from black magic and the blocking of disasters
- Rowan cross said by Victorian folklorists reporting British practice — Edwin Lees for the Wyre Forest in 1856, James Frazer for Scotland in 1890, Charles Godfrey Leland for England in 1891
- Witch bottle said by folk magic, as summarised of the whole class: countermagical devices meant to draw in and trap harmful intentions directed at their owners
- Bakongo nkisi craft said by Kongo practice, in which banganga defend the living against harmful workings and supply remedies against the sicknesses that follow
- European folk apotropaic craft said by English and Irish households, per the cited survey — grotesque faces cut on churches and castles to frighten off witches, rowan chosen for a chimney post or mantel to discourage it, an iron knife buried under a threshold to keep witches out
- Islamic talismanic craft said by hadith literature, which reports Sura al-Falaq revealed to Muhammad as a prayer to God to ward off black magic
- Latin American folk Catholic charm practice said by customers at the Mercado de Sonora, whose back aisles sell goods for magic and the occult alongside medicinal herbs, the two not kept separate
- Thai wicha said by the cited account of phra khrueang, which names protection from black magic alongside danger and disaster
- The crescent said by Roman practice, as recorded of amulets worn as talismans
- The name said by Surah Al-Falaq, used as a prayer to God against black magic
- The knot said by hadith reporting a charm worked against Muhammad, in one version undone only when the knot was taken apart
- The mirror said by Mongolian and Buryat shamans, whose mirrored costume is called armour against hostile spirit attack
- The word that reads both ways said by medieval charms built on the square, used to ward off evil spells and to test whether somebody was a witch
- The phallus said by Augustine, reporting Varro: the image was carried in procession at the festival of Liber to repel fascinatio from the fields
- The tree said by Victorian folklorists reporting English and Scottish practice: Edwin Lees in 1856, James Frazer in 1890, Charles Godfrey Leland in 1891
- Glass said by English householders who buried glass witch bottles under thresholds and hearths
- Hair said by English householders, whose bottles held their own hair and urine as countermagic against a spell already cast
- Herb and root said by English folk healers, in whose bottles evil is impaled on the pins, drowned by the wine and sent away by the rosemary
- Iron said by the same tradition: an iron knife buried under the entrance to a house
- Salt said by English folk practice, which sealed salt among the fillings of a witch bottle
- Silver said by European folklore, which holds a silver bullet the only weapon effective against a witch or werewolf
- Skin said by Catholic Croats of Bosnia, who used sicanje against forced conversion under Ottoman rule
- Wood said by British folklorists of the Victorian era, reporting the rowan's warding of witches; James Frazer recorded the tree planted at a Scottish gate or front door in 1890
- Wood said by Kongo communities, whose publicly held nkondi were used to affirm oaths and to protect villages from witches or evildoers
- Burning at retirement said by English folk practice, in which a witch bottle thrown on the fire broke the spell when it burst
- Burying said by English and American folk practice, which treats the buried bottle as drawing in and trapping harm aimed at its owner
- Feeding the charm said by Kongo banganga, whose nkondi are loaded with substances and gunpowder aimed at the ndoki
- Foundation deposit said by Brian Hoggard, reading the find spots of concealed shoes as protection against demons, ghosts and witches
- Sewing in said by hoodoo practitioners, for whom the sewn bag houses a spirit that does protective and healing work
- Washing off the ink said by the same body of practice, which prescribes drinking and bathing in water over which an incantation has been recited for the condition it calls sihr al-nazif
- Wearing hidden said by hoodoo practitioners, who hold that a mojo made for one person has to stay concealed on that person
Harm to a child (39)
harm to an infant or a small child; common across the atlas, though not the largest class in it — see /story/most-of-them-are-for-children/
- Azabache said by Tabor's respondents, who name sudden infant death first
- Bes amulet said by Egyptian household practice, as summarised in the source: Bes watched after children, and his face was moulded onto faience baby bottles found at el-Lisht
- Bulla said by Roman practice: the bulla was given nine days after birth and worn through boyhood
- Cimaruta said by the same practice, in which the charm is hung above an infant's bed rather than worn
- Coptic cross tattoo said by Coptic parents, as reported by Farah Rafik quoting Jean-Philippe Belleau
The fear of conversion among members of the Christian minority of Egypt has led many Coptic parents to tattoo their children with a small blue cross
- Dreamcatcher said by Frances Densmore's Ojibwe informants, 1929
caught any harm that might be in the air as a spider's web catches and holds whatever comes in contact with it
- Fascinum said by Varro, who records the custom of hanging a phallic charm on a baby's neck; rings survive sized only for children
- Figa said by Asturian families, who give jet ones to small children
- Hamsa said by households that paint or hang it on the doorway of a room holding an expectant mother or a new baby
- Holy rider pendant said by the Testament of Solomon, in which the demon says she walks the world looking for women about to give birth and strangles newborns
- Inuit amulet said by the Netsilik, in the recorded instance of a boy carrying eighty
- Lamashtu plaque said by the Mesopotamian incantations, which name her victims as unborn and newly born babies
you must not approach (this) person.
- Lunula said by Roman families; Plautus has a lunula given to a girl as a birthday present and a bulla given to a girl on the day of her birth
- Ojo de venado said by parents, who put one on a newborn
- Pazuzu head said by the householders who set his image in dwellings to protect infants, and the pregnant women who wore his head
- Tabiz said by parents in Central and West Asia, who fasten triangular packets holding a sacred verse to the clothes of babies and small children
- Ta'wiz said by households in Central and West Asia, who attached triangular packets containing a sacred verse to the clothing of babies and young children
- Taweret amulet said by Egyptian mothers; the source says her amulets protected mothers and children from harm and that her powers were invoked particularly to protect children and their mothers
- Egyptian amulet craft said by Egyptian households, which kept Bes and Taweret for mothers and infants
- European folk apotropaic craft said by European households, for whom an amber necklace is a traditional remedy for colic or teething pain — the American Academy of Pediatrics and the FDA have warned strongly against them as a choking and strangulation hazard
- Greek and Roman protective magic said by Greek parents, who hung amulets on infants and committed them to child-nurturing deities; and Roman parents, who gave a boy a bulla on his ninth day and a girl a lunula
- Latin American folk Catholic charm practice said by Puerto Rican, Cuban and Dominican parents, who told Edward Tabor the azabache is against the evil eye and with it diarrhoea, respiratory infections, deformities and above all sudden infant death
- Mesopotamian household protection said by the incantations, which name the unborn and newly born as the demon's first victims
- The square hole said by Buddhist and Taoist priests, who tied lock charms round children's necks; the hundred family lock was funded by a hundred families for one newborn
- The crescent said by the wearers were girls; Isidore of Seville defines the lunula as a female ornament
Lunulae are female ornaments in the likeness of the moon, little hanging gold bullae.
- The eye said by parents; the eye is put on infants more than on anyone else
- The fish said by Chinese practice, in which fish and lock charms were worn mainly by young children and infants
- The fig fist said by Asturian practice — jet higas are usually given to young children
- The hand said by Asturian practice, where jet hands are given to young children
- The horn said by the same account names nursing mothers and their babies first
- The lion said by Egyptian households, for whom Bes and Taweret were the two deities most often invoked in protective ritual for mothers and children
- The open palm said by the Mano Pantea reading, in which the sign calls a child's parents to protect it
- The phallus said by Varro, on the custom of hanging a phallic charm at a baby's neck; rings too small for an adult have been found
- The tooth and the claw said by the Pitt Rivers Museum, on a wolf's tooth worn by a child as a remedy for convulsions and chewed during teething
- Amber said by parents who put the necklaces on infants
- Red coral said by Jewish families in Alsace, southern Germany and Switzerland, who set coral on a boy's brit milah neckband to pull the eye off him
- Gold said by Roman parents, who hung a bulla on a boy nine days after birth and a lunula on a girl
- Jet said by Puerto Rican families, whose azabache bracelet is the usual protection put on a baby
- Wood said by Ojibwe mothers and grandmothers, in the account Frances Densmore recorded in 1929, who wove willow hoops for children
Infertility (30)
- Akua'ba said by young Akan women, who the source says use them 'traditionally by young women seeking to conceive a child'
- Bes amulet said by Egyptologists, reading the Ptolemaic Bes chambers at Saqqara as built for curing fertility problems or for general healing
- Brigid's cross said by the practice of giving newly married couples womb crosses to hang above their door, Brigid being a patron of fertility
- Concealed shoe said by the fertility reading, which Ralph Merrifield connects to the Lancashire custom of smickling — a woman hoping to conceive trying on the shoes of a woman who has just given birth
- Cornicello said by the tradition's own account, in which the horn answers harm aimed at nursing mothers, bearing fruit trees, milking animals and the sperm of men
- Cowrie strand said by users in certain parts of Africa, where the source says cowries were prized charms 'associated with fecundity, sexual pleasure, and good luck'
- Dol hareubang said by the folk belief recorded on Jeju: a woman with fertility trouble could take part of a statue's nose, grind it and consume the powder; others hold that touching the nose is enough
- Gris-gris said by women in Senegal, in a 1982 survey that found gris-gris among the top three contraception methods known — the source's phrase is 'a purported method of birth control'
- Hamsa said by the hand-amulet tradition the cited article traces it to — the Hand of Venus and the Hand of Mary, used to protect women from the eye, boost fertility and lactation and promote healthy pregnancies
- Hei matau said by the same, which names fertility among what the hook represents
- Hei-tiki said by Māori families, per Robley's account: a hei-tiki was often given to a woman by her husband's family if she was having trouble conceiving
- Hirz said by the same summary, which names increasing fertility among the purposes
- Palad khik said by the animist reading of the form as a fertility sign, through the linga of Shiva
- Taweret amulet said by Egyptian household practice, which grouped her with the fertility goddesses
- Illa practice said by Inca religious practice as described by the Dallas Museum of Art — the cavity filled with llama fat, blood and other ceremonial objects during fertility rituals, aimed at pastoral and agricultural fertility
- Islamic talismanic craft said by the cited account of talismanic use, which names fertility alongside protection and the preservation of attractiveness
- Taonga Māori said by the practice recorded around the hei-tiki: because of the connection with Hineteiwaiwa, goddess of childbirth, hei-tiki were often given to a woman by her husband's family if she was having trouble conceiving
- West African charm craft said by women in Senegal in a 1982 survey, who named charms among the three traditional contraceptive methods known to them
- The hand said by the names Hand-of-Venus and Hand-of-Mary attach to hand amulets said to help women's fertility and lactation
- The horn said by historic use, for fertility and virility
- The number square said by Jābir ibn Hayyān and al-Ghazālī, in whose works the order-three square is described as a child-bearing charm
- The open palm said by the Hand-of-Venus and Hand-of-Mary names, attached to hand amulets said to protect women, help lactation and strengthen a pregnancy
- Carnelian said by Islamic amulet practice, where carnelian set with jade is read as fertility and embryogenesis
- Cowrie said by users in parts of Africa, where cowries were prized charms associated with fecundity
- Glass said by enslaved African Americans at the Hermitage plantation, Nashville, whose hexagonal glass beads archaeologists read as used for fertility and other spiritual purposes
- Seed and nut said by Chinese marriage charms, whose lotus seeds stand for continuous births and whose pomegranates stand for fertility
- Wood said by young Fanti women seeking to conceive, who keep an akua'ba and have it washed and cared for in the homestead
- Foundation deposit said by one of the competing explanations for concealed shoes, alongside the protective one; Ralph Merrifield records Lancashire women trying on the shoes of a woman who had just given birth
- Inheriting said by Māori practice as recorded by Robley, in which a hei-tiki was often given to a woman by her husband's family when she had trouble conceiving
- Sewing in said by women in Senegal, where a 1982 survey placed gris-gris among the three best-known traditional methods of contraception
Danger to the dead (26)
charms put in a grave for the person in it
- Ankh amulet said by Egyptians who placed them in tombs, the source says, 'to ensure the well-being of the deceased in the afterlife'
- Brown Scapular said by Carmelite tradition, as reported by the National Catholic Register in 2001 — and denied, in the same breath, by the Carmelites themselves
whoever wore the scapular would be saved from the fires of hell
- Chinese charm coin said by burial coins, placed in graves from the Shang onward — first cowrie shells, later replica currency, in the belief the money would serve in the afterlife
- Cowrie strand said by West Bengali funerary practice, where a cowrie is the token fare for the departed soul's ferry across the Vaitarani; and predynastic Egyptian and Neolithic Levantine burials, where cowries were arranged around the skull in female graves
- Curse tablet said by the writers of the tablets that are not curses at all: some were laid at the graves of people who died young or violently, to help lay their souls to rest
- Djed pillar said by the Book of the Dead, as summarised in the source: a spell spoken over a gold djed hung at the mummy's neck promises the mummy will regain use of its spine and be able to sit up
- Heart scarab said by Chapter 30B of the Book of the Dead, as summarised by Egyptologists
to bind the heart to silence whilst it was being weighed in the underworld
- Ketef Hinnom silver scrolls said by the findspot: an Iron Age Judahite burial chamber
- Ongon said by the practice of consecrating an idol to a dead shaman within three years of the death
- Scarab said by Egyptian funerary practice, as summarised by Egyptologists
- Taweret amulet said by Egyptologists, reading the hippopotami placed in tombs as the goddess facilitating rebirth after death as she aided earthly births
- Tyet said by Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead
the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body
- Wedjat eye said by Egyptian funerary practice
- Egyptian amulet craft said by Egyptian funerary texts, which set out which amulet goes where on a body and what is said over it
- Tibetan protection craft said by Gentry on relic pills, held to protect against rebirth as an animal, an anguished spirit or a hell being
- The fish said by early Christian funerary use — the sign is cut on stelae and in catacombs
- The knot said by Book of the Dead chapter 156, which calls for a red jasper tyet at the mummy's neck
the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body
- The beetle said by Egyptian funerary practice, in which the scarab stands for rebirth and regeneration
- The tooth and the claw said by Fijian practice: the dead were buried with their tabua
- Copper and bronze said by the families who put 'laid to rest' charms in the mouths of their dead
- Cowrie said by predynastic Egyptian and Neolithic Levantine burial practice, and the Bengali ferry-fare for the departed soul
- Jade said by Han burial practice, which encased the body in plaques sewn with wire graded by rank
- Lead said by those who laid tablets at the graves of people who died young or violently, to help settle their souls
- Tooth, tusk and claw said by Fijian burial custom, which put a man's tabua in the grave with him
- Grave deposit said by Egyptian funerary religion, in which the heart scarab binds the heart to silence at the weighing or speaks in its place
- Knotting said by Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead, which calls for a red jasper tyet at the mummy's neck
the power of Isis will be the protection of [the mummy's] body
Attracting custom, luck or love (25)
the charm that pulls rather than blocks
- Anting-anting said by owners of a gayuma, the love charm that makes its owner more attractive
- Bujeok said by clients who take one home from a gut and put it on the wall — the rite itself is often sponsored to increase prosperity, or to mark a new venture such as the opening of a mall or an office building
- Daruma said by buyers at the Takasaki market, where gold ones are sold for luck in money matters
- Ekeko said by Alasitas buyers, who give a miniature so the recipient gets the real thing within the year
- Game-day charm said by Mark LaRosa, a Montreal Expos farmhand, on the round rock he picked up at Elmira
I keep it to remind me of how important it is to concentrate. When I am going well I look at the rock and remember to keep my focus.
- Jimat said by Balinese use of pis bolong in Hindu rites, as tokens of faith and as bringers of good fortune; and the Malay definition of azimat as an object giving tuah, luck
- Keris pusaka said by the same accounts, on the other side of the ledger: some kris were held to bring fortune, such as bountiful harvests
- Magical gem said by the Roman gem tradition generally: stones were paired with gods so the wearer took on the associated powers, rather than out of piety
- Maneki-neko said by shopkeepers, in the paw rule: left paw raised to bring in customers, right paw raised to bring in money
- Miraculous Medal said by the account Catherine Labouré gave of what the Virgin told her
all who wear them will receive great graces
- Omamori said by the shrines, in the categories shōbai-hanjō for prosperity in business and en-musubi for finding a partner
- Palad khik said by Thai men, who wear several at once in hope of attracting women and of luck in gambling; and shopkeepers, who display one at the register for trade
- Phone charm said by the same shrine range, which includes en-musubi for finding a partner and shōbai-hanjō for prosperity in business
- Phra khrueang said by the Khun Phaen type, whose main function is named as enhancing relationships, marriage and career — after the folklore hero who used a love formula
- Sak yant said by bearers who take yant for power, fortune, charisma — and, on cloth and metal, to increase wealth and attract lovers
- Takrut said by Thai wearers, in the categories Maha Sanaeh (attraction), Metta Mahaniyom (popularity and business success) and Maha Pokasap (drawing riches)
- Thai wicha said by the craft's categories maha sanaeh, attraction, and metta mahaniyom, popularity and business success; the Khun Phaen amulet is named for a folklore figure who used a love formula
- West African charm craft said by the same buyers, for love
- The square hole said by collectors of the five-emperors string, said to bring wealth and good fortune
- The number square said by the same tradition, which also uses them to bring good fortune and to preserve attractiveness
- The swastika said by Chinese use: declared the source of all good fortune in 693 under Wu Zetian, and read as longevity and infinity through the homophone for ten thousand
- Bone and ivory said by makers of the palad khik, carved in wood, metal, bone, horn or ivory
- Hair said by the writers of Greek erotic binding spells, which call for hair from the head of the love target
hair from the head of the love target
- Lead said by the users of erotic binding spells, which Christopher Faraone divides into spells for inducing passion and spells for encouraging affection
- Palm leaf said by the same makers, for maha sanaeh and metta mahaniyom — attraction and popularity
Blades and bullets (25)
invulnerability charms; reported, never recommended
- Anting-anting said by Filipino fighters against Spain and the United States; Macario Sakay wore a vest of religious images and Latin phrases against bullets, and the subtypes kabal and tagaliwas are named for cuts and for turning a bullet aside
- Gorgoneion said by Homer, on Athena's aegis, which the head makes proof against Apollo's spear and Zeus's thunderbolt
- Jimat said by the Pis Anoman type, which a collector's account says gives its holder more strength and energy, like the wind
- Keris pusaka said by the Barong dance of Bali, in which dancers in trance turn their own blades on their chests and are held to be made invulnerable to sharp objects
- Palad khik said by Thai men who wear one, for protection from dangerous objects — the source names bullets and knives
- Phra khrueang said by Ayutthaya-period warriors, who carried tablets into battle in place of the phrajiat, the takrut or herbal charms; invulnerability is named among the amulet's functions
- Sak yant said by soldiers, police, taxi drivers and others in trades they count as dangerous, who take the protective class of yant
- Senninbari said by the general belief recorded of the belts — courage, good luck and immunity from injury, bullets especially
- Sungkhor said by the same sentence, which names injury during battle
- Takrut said by Thai wearers, in the category Kong Grapan — invincibility; the source says takrut are blessed mainly for safe keeping
- Talismanic shirt said by Hürrem Sultan, who gave Suleiman the Magnificent a talismanic shirt and told him its inscriptions would protect him from bullets
- Thai wicha said by the craft's own category kong grapan, invulnerability, and the takrut blessed for safe keeping; sak yant protection is taken by soldiers, police and taxi drivers
- Tibetan protection craft said by the same sentence, on injury during battle
- The spiral said by the hoplites who bore the triskeles on their shields from the late sixth century BCE
- Bone and ivory said by Thai amulet practice, where bone-bearing charms are among those blessed for invulnerability
- Cloth said by Hürrem Sultan, who told Suleiman the Magnificent the shirt's inscriptions would protect him from bullets
- Jade said by writers on Islamic amulets, who record a claim of victory in battle for jade and jasper
- Palm leaf said by Thai makers of takrut, which are blessed for kong grapan, invulnerability
- Skin said by sak yant wearers in dangerous work — the cited account names military personnel, police and taxi drivers
- Thread and cord said by the women who stitched senninbari, and the soldiers who carried them
- Inscribing said by Hürrem Sultan, who told Suleiman the Magnificent the inscriptions on the talismanic shirt she gave him would protect him from bullets
its inscriptions would protect him from bullets
- Knotting said by Japanese women who stitched senninbari for soldiers; some soldiers rejected the claim and wore the belt as a keepsake instead
- Sewing in said by Japanese women who stitched senninbari for soldiers going to war
- Tattooing said by bearers in dangerous trades — military personnel, police, taxi drivers and others — as summarised in the cited account
- Wearing hidden said by Thai wearers of takrut, worn at the chest or the waist to protect specific parts of the body
Danger on a journey (19)
- Car saint said by the French medals
Regarde St Christophe et va-t-en rassuré
- Chinese charm coin said by the safe journey charms class
- Gau said by Himalayan Art Resources, which gives the purpose as general protection and protection when travelling
- Hei matau said by the same — safe travel across water is the first thing the cited source names
- Milagro said by petitioners; the source notes a leg may stand for a journey rather than a limb
- Ojo de venado said by drivers, who hang one from the rear-view mirror
- Ping'an fu said by the Taiwanese Gods account, which describes the charm as carried on the person for safe passage
- Qur'an pendant said by Muslims who recite it before setting out on a journey and before going to sleep
- St Christopher medal said by the French medals themselves
Regarde St Christophe et va-t-en rassuré
- Sungkhor said by James Gentry, summarising Tibetan use
"Tibetans have used them to protect against misfortune during travel, injury during battle, illness, harmful spirits, and any other potential calamity."
- Takrut said by Thai wearers, blessed for safety in daily work and on business trips
- Agadez cross said by the father in Dieterlen and Ligers's account, handing it to a son at the age of nomadism
My son, I give you the four directions of the world, because we do not know where you will go to die
- Islamic talismanic craft said by the tradition's use of Ayat al-Kursi, recited before a journey, before sleep and after every obligatory prayer
- Tibetan protection craft said by James Gentry, summarising what Tibetans have used protective amulets against
"Tibetans have used them to protect against misfortune during travel, injury during battle, illness, harmful spirits, and any other potential calamity."
- West African charm craft said by buyers of bǒ, who the source says buy them to aid in attracting love, wealth, or protection while travelling
- The cross said by Dieterlen and Ligers, recording a father's words on giving the cross to a son leaving to live as a nomad
My son, I give you the four directions of the world, because we do not know where you will go to die
- The name said by Muslims who recite the Throne Verse before setting out on a journey and before sleeping
- The tree said by the rowan's English by-names, wayfarer's tree and traveller's tree, given because it was said to keep travellers from getting lost
- Palm leaf said by Thai wearers, who take takrut on work journeys and to war
A curse already laid (18)
- Anting-anting said by the Philippine occult tradition, in which the most frequent kind of agimat removes hexes
- Coptic cross tattoo said by Copts, who wear it as a sign of faith — the Coptic cross article says many have it tattooed on the inside of the right arm at the wrist for that reason
- Gris-gris said by nineteenth-century Louisiana, where the word meant both the amulet and the act of bewitching, and where gris-gris were used against enslavers
- Mjölnir pendant said by the same inscription, which asks that the lightning hold all evil away from its owner Bofi
- Nkisi said by oath-takers, who declare themselves open to a nkondi's sickness should they break the oath
- Rabbit's foot said by the folk song There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight
And you've got a rabbit's foot To keep away de hoo-doo
- Witch bottle said by the same source, which describes the bottle as breaking a spell already laid — and, in Glanvill's telling, killing the man who laid it
- Bakongo nkisi craft said by oath-takers, who declare themselves open to a nkondi's sickness should they break the oath
- Catholic sacramentals said by the Catechism of the Catholic Church, in the negative: paragraph 2117 condemns magic and sorcery and adds that wearing charms is also reprehensible
Wearing charms is also reprehensible.
- West African charm craft said by the same source, which names counteracting and neutralising curses among its uses
- Hair said by conjure workers in the American South, who put hair into bags meant to protect against conjure or to work it
- Fired clay said by Egyptian officials, who wrote enemies' names on clay and smashed it under a foundation
- Tooth, tusk and claw said by Fijian practice, in which a tabua is presented in atonement
- Blessing at a shrine said by the Catholic Church's own classification, which lists exorcisms among the three kinds of sacramental alongside blessings and consecrations
- Burying said by the writers of Greek and Roman defixiones, who buried the lead to hand the target to the gods below
- Folding said by the Greek and Roman writers of defixiones, who folded the lead before burying it
- Grave deposit said by Greek and Roman clients whose tablets went into graves, addressed through the person buried there
- Inscribing said by Greek and Roman clients, whose tablets hand the target over to underworld gods
Death in childbirth (18)
- Agnus Dei said by the same account, which names the dangers to which women are exposed in childbirth
- Bes amulet said by Egyptian household practice — Bes aided women in labour by fighting off evil spirits, and was present with Taweret at births
- Cowrie strand said by Mende and Kikuyu users, for whom the source says the shells stand for womanhood, fertility and birth
- Ethiopian talismanic scroll said by the historical manuscript record, which the source says shows the majority made for women's reproductive health conditions
- Holy rider pendant said by the amulets themselves, which name the demon blamed for miscarriage and order her away
Flee, flee, Abyzou, [from] Sisinios and Sisinnia; the voracious dog dwells here.
- Lamashtu plaque said by Mesopotamian ritual practice; pregnant women were the second class of victim after the babies
- Omamori said by the shrines, in the category anzan — a healthy pregnancy and an easy delivery
- Pazuzu head said by ritual texts from Uruk, which prescribe a bronze Pazuzu necklace against miscarriage caused by Lamashtu
- Taweret amulet said by Egyptian household practice — the source calls her the protective goddess of childbirth and fertility, with the epithet 'Lady of the Birth House'
- Ethiopian scroll craft said by the historical manuscript record, in which most scrolls were made for women's reproductive health conditions
- Engimono said by shrines issuing anzan omamori for a healthy pregnancy and an easy delivery
- Mesopotamian household protection said by ritual texts from Uruk, prescribing a bronze amulet against miscarriage
- The lion said by Mesopotamian ritual, which set Pazuzu against Lamashtu to keep a woman from miscarrying
- The number square said by Vrnda's Siddhayog, c. 966 CE, which prescribes the 3×3 square to women in labour for an easy delivery
- The word that reads both ways said by the 12th-century Trotula, which has the words written on cheese and butter and eaten, and a 13th-century Aurillac parchment giving a chant for women in labour
- Copper and bronze said by ritual texts from Uruk, which prescribe a bronze Pazuzu necklace against miscarriage
- Skin said by women in Egypt and Nubia tattooed with Bes, the god associated with fertility and childbirth
- Fired clay said by ritual texts from Uruk, which prescribe a Pazuzu amulet against miscarriage caused by Lamashtu
Poverty (18)
- Cowrie strand said by worshippers of Lakshmi, who use cowries in her worship and treat them at Tihar as a sign of the goddess and of wealth
- Ekeko said by the figure's owners
Ekeko brings monetary wealth to its worshippers. An offering is generally required before he provides his services.
- Hei matau said by the same, which names prosperity
- Keris pusaka said by holders of the Beras Wutah type, which was held to grant its possessor an easy life without famine and was assigned mainly to officers paid in foodstuffs
- Magical gem said by the same description, which names prosperity as one of the three things an owner wanted
- Maneki-neko said by the colour scheme: yellow or gold is for wealth
- Nkisi said by the source, which lists success in hunting or in trade among the purposes minkisi serve
- Rudraksha said by Kalagni Rudra, in the Upanishadic dialogue with Sage Bhusunda
"By the mere utterance of the name of 'Rudraksha', one acquires the benefit of giving ten cows in charity."
- Takrut said by Thai wearers, in the category Maha Lap — the drawing of wealth
- Agadez cross said by users who describe it as a reserve of wealth
- Yantra plate said by buyers of the Sivali yantra, used mainly in Southeast Asian Buddhism for the attraction of wealth and good luck
- Illa practice said by Ekeko's worshippers, who clip banknotes to the figure and hold that he brings monetary wealth, generally on an offering first
- Bakongo nkisi craft said by the source, which names success in hunting and in trade among the purposes minkisi serve
- Engimono said by the shop-luck end of it — shōbai-hanjō omamori for success in business, the kumade rake sold at tori-no-ichi for raking in fortune, and the beckoning cat set near the entrance of shops, restaurants, pachinko parlours and bars
- Thai wicha said by the same categories — maha pokasap, the drawing of riches — and shopkeepers who set a palad khik by the till to bring in sales
- Copper and bronze said by the charms' own inscriptions, which ask for longevity, wealth and honour and for wealth and treasure to be attracted
- Buying one in a market said by the Japanese shrine counter, which issues shōbai-hanjō charms for success in business and treats the money paid as a donation rather than a price
- Feeding the charm said by Bolivian owners of Ekeko figures, who clip banknotes to them and light a cigarette once a year
War (17)
- Chinese charm coin said by peace charms, privately cast with the wish for peace and used daily through China's turbulent history
- Fascinum said by Roman soldiers, among whom the fist-and-phallus type was prevalent; the largest known collection is from Camulodunum
- Gris-gris said by the source's account of contemporary wear in West Africa: 'from wrestlers to soldiers to housewives'
- Hei-tiki said by the crew of HMS New Zealand, who attributed the ship's lack of casualties to the hei-tiki their captain wore
- Mezuzah said by the Chabad campaign of the 1970s for systematic checking of mezuzot, begun after a series of attacks at Ma'alot, on the assumption that adhering to the mitzvot would guarantee personal safety
- Senninbari said by the women who stitched it, in the slogan they worked into the cloth: bu-un chō-kyū, eternal good luck in war
- Takrut said by Thai practice in a period of constant warfare, when takrut were blessed for people going to war
- Talismanic shirt said by the cited account, which finds that although the shirts could be worn against many evils, most seem intended as a shield in battle
- Ta'wiz said by Ottoman soldiers, who carried scrolls with Qur'anic quotations in combat, among them 'victory is from God and conquest is near' (Qur. 61:13)
- Tefillin said by the story of Elisha the Winged, scrupulous in this mitzvah and saved from Roman persecution
- Islamic talismanic craft said by Ottoman soldiers, who carried Qur'anic scrolls into combat, and the makers of talismanic shirts, many of which were made to be worn under armour
- Thai wicha said by Ayutthaya-period warriors, who carried votive tablets into battle in place of the phrajiat, the takrut or a herbal charm
- The knot said by Japanese women who stitched senninbari for departing soldiers; the commonest slogan sewn in is bu-un chō-kyū, eternal good luck in war
- The serpent said by Egyptian tradition, which has Wadjet spit fire at the enemies of the pharaoh and of Ra
- Cloth said by the women who stitched senninbari and the soldiers who carried them — the same source records soldiers who rejected the claim and kept the belt as a memento
- Thread and cord said by the stitched slogan itself, bu-un cho-kyu, 'eternal good luck in war'
- Turquoise said by Apache tradition, which holds that the stone affords the archer dead aim
Failing an exam (11)
a whole modern genre, Japan and Korea especially
- Chinese charm coin said by good luck charms wishing the carrier good results in the imperial examination system
- Daruma said by the goal-setting use, of which the best-documented public instance is a political party inking one at election time
- Exam charm said by Dazaifu Tenmangū, in its own words on its own English page
As Tenjin is the deity of learning, amulets for academic success are one of the most popular items to take home from Dazaifu Tenmangu.
- Exam charm said by Japanese shrines and temples generally, whose standard omamori list includes gakugyō-jōju, education and passing examinations
- Exam charm said by Japanese students, one in three of whom buys a Kit Kat before entrance examinations, on the figure Japan House at the University of Illinois publishes
In fact, one in three students in Japan will buy a Kit-Kat in anticipation of entrance examinations.
- Exam charm said by Korean families and friends, who give a student sticky yeot and chapssaltteok before the Suneung
- Omamori said by the shrines, in the category gakugyō-jōju — for students and scholars, passing examinations
- Engimono said by the same counters, which issue gakugyō-jōju for students and scholars — education and passing examinations
- Bujeok craft said by Korean families before the national university entrance exam, who give sticky rice cakes and toffee on the wordplay that the sitter will stick to the school
- The square hole said by lock charms, said to bring high results in the imperial exams as well as protection and long life
- Wood said by Japanese worshippers who buy ema for examination success — and the shrines criticised in 1979 for profiting from them
Harm to livestock (11)
- Brigid's cross said by the same custom, which puts crosses in the outhouses and stables as well as the dwelling
- Cornicello said by the older custom the car charm descends from — hanging horns on draft horses
- Hagstone said by Thomas Blundeville, 1565, citing an older English writer, on hanging a naturally holed flint above a horse
- Hex sign said by modern hex sign artists, who stress the symbolic meanings — a horse head used to protect animals from disease
- Illa said by Inca religious leaders and, per the cited account, present-day Andean highland communities
Modern-day highland communities in the Andes continue to use illa during their fertility rituals to ensure the prosperity of their camelid herds.
- Rowan cross said by Scottish practice, as recorded of rowan boughs taken into byres in May and trees planted in pastures
- Illa practice said by highland Andean communities, who the same account says still use illa in fertility rituals for their camelid herds
- European folk apotropaic craft said by Irish families, who mounted the crosses in outhouses and stables as well as in the dwelling
- The horn said by the malocchio is described as reaching milking animals and fruiting trees as well as people
- The serpent said by German popular belief, in which the house snake looks after the cows and the children
- Hanging at the door said by Irish households, who hung Brigid's crosses in the outhouses and stables as well as the dwelling
A road accident (9)
the modern descendant of the travel charm
- Car saint said by the Spanish medals themselves
Si en San Cristóbal confías, de accidente no morirás
- Cornicello said by present-day Italian drivers, who hang one from the rear-view mirror
- Omamori said by the shrines, in the category kōtsū-anzen — road safety for drivers and travellers of every kind
- Phone charm said by Japanese shrines and temples, whose kōtsū-anzen omamori is sold for traffic safety and is one of the things hung on a phone strap
- St Christopher medal said by the Spanish medals and holy cards themselves
Si en San Cristóbal confías, de accidente no morirás
- Catholic sacramentals said by the description of ichthys emblems applied to vehicles: to signify that the owner is a Christian and to offer protection while driving
- Engimono said by Japanese shrines and temples, which issue kōtsū-anzen omamori for drivers and travellers of all sorts
- Latin American folk Catholic charm practice said by the medals themselves, which print the claim: 'Si en San Cristóbal confías, de accidente no morirás' — if you trust in Saint Christopher, you will not die in an accident
- Blessing at a shrine said by Japanese shrines, which issue kōtsū-anzen omamori consecrated before they reach the counter
Theft (9)
- Curse tablet said by the 130 tablets from the sacred spring at Bath, all but one of which concern the restitution of stolen goods
- Ethiopian talismanic scroll said by the source's own list, which names home intruders
- Nkisi said by the nkondi's own name, from -konda, 'to hunt' — and the German Loango expedition's Mabiala mu ndemba, described as a thief-finder
- Palad khik said by women in Thailand who carry one in a purse; the source names mugging and rape
- Tyet said by Chapter 156, which says the amulet "will drive away whoever would commit a crime against him"
- Bakongo nkisi craft said by the nkondi class, whose name comes from -konda, 'to hunt', and whose commonest use the source gives as locating and punishing wrongdoers
- Thai wicha said by Thai women, who the source says carry a palad khik in a purse against rape and mugging
- Lead said by the writers of the Bath tablets: all but one of the 130 concern the restitution of stolen goods
- Buying one in a market said by the Grand Bazaar's own arrangements: gates closed at night, guards paid by the merchants' guilds, and an imperial edict required to enter after hours — the concentration of the trade in one place was itself a security measure
Envy (8)
a neighbour's ill will, named as such
- Evil eye bracelet said by the usual explanation given by carriers of the eye across its whole range
- Fascinum said by Roman practice: the Vestals hung the effigy under a triumphing general's chariot against invidia
- Hamsa said by the same users; the evil eye is glossed in the cited article as a malicious stare held to cause illness, death or general misfortune
- Nazar said by the same users; the Hindi-Urdu slogan chashm-e-baddoor asks that the eye keep away
- Nimbu mirchi said by the North Indian and Pakistani account of nazar: excessive admiration, even from well-meaning people, draws it
- Greek and Roman protective magic said by Pliny, on the fascinus as a medicus invidiae, and Roman hosts who set out laughter-provoking images against invidia
- The eye said by the usual explanation given by carriers, recorded across the same range
- The phallus said by Roman practice: the Vestals hung one under a triumphing general's chariot against invidia
A court case or an official (7)
- Curse tablet said by the writers of the Athenian tablets, who ask that an opposing litigant botch his performance in court, forget his words and become dizzy
- Hagstone said by the Druids of the Gallic provinces, as reported by Pliny the Elder
The possession of it is marvellously vaunted as ensuring success in law-suits, and a favourable reception with princes
- Heart scarab said by Egyptian funerary texts — the Weighing of the Heart is a trial, and the spell is written to stop a witness
- Nkisi said by villages, which used publicly held nkondi to affirm oaths, seal treaties and locate and punish wrongdoers
- Bakongo nkisi craft said by villages, which used publicly held nkondi to affirm oaths and seal treaties
- West African charm craft said by the source on juju: it is sometimes used to enforce a contract or ensure compliance, and the practitioner requires payment for the service
- Lead said by Athenian litigants, whose tablets ask that the opposing speaker botch his performance, forget his words and become dizzy
Drowning and storm at sea (7)
- Agnus Dei said by the same 1907 account, which names storm and flood among the perils
perils from storm and pestilence, from fire and flood, and also of the dangers to which women are exposed in childbirth
- Car saint said by the Roman Catholic Church's patronage list, which names mariners, boatmen, floods and storms
- Caul said by sailors, who bought them from the women who had them, and for whom this was the caul's main claim
- Hei matau said by the tradition as summarised by the cited source: the hei matau represents safe passage over water
- St Christopher medal said by the Roman Catholic patronage list, which names mariners, boatmen, ferrymen, floods and storms
- Taonga Māori said by the hei matau, which the cited account says represents the land, prosperity, fertility and safe passage over water, and marks the relationship to Tangaroa, god of the sea
- Blessing at a shrine said by the model ships among the ex-votos at Notre-Dame de la Garde in Marseille, and the Lod mosaic, thought to be an ex-voto for rescue from a shipwreck
Going unloved (7)
- Curse tablet said by the writers of erotic binding spells — the agogai that bind a target to oneself and the diakopai that drive a rival away by making them repulsive
- Four-leaf clover said by an 1869 description, of young girls who sought the plant by day as a token of perfect happiness
- Magical gem said by the same description, which names love as the third
- Maneki-neko said by the colour scheme: pink is for romance
- Ofuda said by the shrines, which issue ofuda for finding love among the purpose-specific kinds
- Tama said by petitioners again, for the heart that means love rather than a heart condition — the cited source gives the two readings of the same shape side by side
- Engimono said by shrines issuing en-musubi omamori, for acquiring a mate and for marriage, sold to singles and to couples
Fire (6)
- Agnus Dei said by Herbert Thurston, reporting the claims made for the object in the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907
Fires are said to have been extinguished, and floods stayed.
- Challenge coin said by United States fire departments, whose coins carry the firefighter's prayer text engraved on the reverse
- Hex sign said by the same modern artists, for whom the horse head also protects the building from lightning
- Keris pusaka said by Javanese accounts of what a kris could prevent — fires, death and agricultural failure among them
- European folk apotropaic craft said by Irish households at Imbolc — a Brigid's cross hung in the rafters to bring the saint's blessing and protection for the rest of the year
- The word that reads both ways said by medieval German practice: disks bearing the square thrown into fires, required of every settlement by a 1743 edict of Duke Ernest Auguste of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Snakes and scorpions (6)
- Bes amulet said by the source, which lists killing snakes first among his tasks
- Cippus of Horus said by the spells cut on the stela itself, as summarised by the Metropolitan Museum's Wikipedia entry: 'thirteen magic spells to protect against venomous bites and wounds and to cure the illnesses caused by them'
- Navaratna ring said by the same Garuda Purana passage, which names snakes and poisons
- Egyptian amulet craft said by the cippi, whose spells are against venomous bites and stings
- The serpent said by Egyptian texts: charms against snakes were inscribed or chanted, some invoking the snake deity Nehebkau, and some to protect the dead
- Jet said by Pliny the Elder
the kindling of jet drives off snakes and relieves suffocation of the uterus
Fever and plague (5)
- Agnus Dei said by the same account, which names pestilence
- Pazuzu head said by Mesopotamian religion, which pairs him with plague and with winds that carry pestilence
- St Christopher medal said by the Roman Catholic Church, which counts Christopher among the Fourteen Holy Helpers and names lightning and pestilence in his patronage
- Mesopotamian household protection said by Mesopotamian religion, in which Pazuzu is the south-western wind and is paired with plague
- The word that reads both ways said by Serenus Sammonicus, who prescribed the triangle amulet to malaria sufferers and claimed it makes lethal diseases go away
Dangerous animals (3)
- Chinese charm coin said by the five poisons charms, worn on the fifth day of the fifth month against snakes, scorpions, centipedes, toads and spiders
- Cippus of Horus said by the carving — Horus holds a lion by the tail and an antelope by the horns while standing on two crocodiles
- The word that reads both ways said by medieval European practice against dog bites and rabies, the cure eaten on inscribed bread; and 19th-century Brazil, against dog and snake bites
Dot colour is the provenance tier of the claim: a named source, general knowledge of the practice, or this project's own reasoning. The table behind this page is against.json.