LawRules
Some people travel because treatment is cheaper elsewhere. Others travel because it is lawful elsewhere. This grid is the second kind: one question down the side, one jurisdiction across the top, and every cell a reading of one named instrument on one date. Hover a cell for the instrument and the date it was read. Nothing here is legal advice.
● Lawful for a visitor◐ Lawful, with conditions◑ Residents only✕ Prohibited○ No instrument either way· Not read by this project
The 148 readings behind this grid
One row is one reading of one named instrument on one date. Law moves.
| Question | Jurisdiction | Status | Instrument | Conditions | Read | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travelling for a termination | Australia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | source | ||
| Travelling for a termination | Belgium | Lawful, with conditions | Loi du 15 octobre 2018 relative à l'interruption volontaire de grossesse, article 2 | Twelve weeks from conception, and not until six days after the first consultation. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | Canada | Lawful for a visitor | R. v. Morgentaler, [1988] 1 S.C.R. 30, with the Canada Health Act | No criminal abortion law and no gestational limit in federal law. Provincial insurance coverage varies, which is a funding question rather than a legal bar. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Switzerland | Lawful, with conditions | Code pénal suisse, articles 118, 119 et 120 | Twelve weeks from the last menstrual period, on the written request of a woman invoking distress, after an in-depth consultation. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | Czechia | Residents only | Zákon č. 66/1986 Sb., o umělém přerušení těhotenství, §§ 4 and 10 | Twelve weeks on written request for a resident — but § 10 bars the procedure for foreign women who are in the country only temporarily. A second termination within six months is also barred. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | Germany | Lawful, with conditions | Strafgesetzbuch § 218a, with § 219 | Twelve weeks, after mandatory counselling and a wait of at least three days before the procedure. No residence condition. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | Spain | Lawful for a visitor | Ley Orgánica 2/2010, artículos 3, 13 bis y 14 | Fourteen weeks at the woman's request. Article 3.2 extends the rights it sets out to all persons present in Spain. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | France | Lawful for a visitor | Code de la santé publique, article L2212-1, as amended by loi n° 2022-295 | To the end of the fourteenth week on request; the article carries no residence condition. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | United Kingdom | Lawful, with conditions | Abortion Act 1967, section 1 | Grounds-based: two registered medical practitioners must be of the opinion, formed in good faith, that a ground is met, and the treatment must be at an approved place. Ground (a) runs to 24 weeks. There is no residence or nationality requirement anywhere in section 1. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | Indonesia | Lawful, with conditions | Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, with PP 28/2024 and the 2023 Criminal Code | Rape or sexual violence, or a medical emergency. The husband's permission is required except for victims of rape, and counselling is mandatory. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Ireland | Lawful, with conditions | Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018, section 12 | Twelve weeks, with a waiting period of not less than three days. There is no residence bar on lawfulness — section 20 expressly contemplates a woman who resides outside the State — but free care is confined to the ordinarily resident, which is a funding rule and not a legal one. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | India | Lawful, with conditions | The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971, with the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act 2021 | Grounds-based rather than on request. Only the consent of the woman is required; a guardian consents under 18. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Japan | Lawful, with conditions | 母体保護法 (Maternal Health Act, Act No. 156 of 1948), article 14 | Grounds-based, including economic grounds, and the consent of the spouse is required — waived only where the spouse is unknown, cannot express an intention, or is dead. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Mexico | Lawful, with conditions | Federal Penal Code as amended, with Supreme Court decisions 2017/148 (2021) and 267/2023 | Federal criminalisation has been struck down, and the position is governed mainly at state level rather than nationally. This project has read no state code. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Netherlands | Lawful for a visitor | Wet afbreking zwangerschap (Wet van 1 mei 1981), articles 3 and 6, as amended in 2022 | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Travelling for a termination | Philippines | Prohibited | Revised Penal Code (1930), articles 256 to 259 | 2026-09-17 | source | |
| Travelling for a termination | Poland | Lawful, with conditions | Ustawa z dnia 7 stycznia 1993 r. o planowaniu rodziny, ochronie płodu ludzkiego i warunkach dopuszczalności przerywania ciąży (Dz.U. 1993 nr 17 poz. 78) | Grounds only: danger to life or health, and pregnancy resulting from a criminal act. The fetal-defect ground was struck down by the Constitutional Tribunal in 2020. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Portugal | Lawful, with conditions | Código Penal, artigo 142.º, as amended by Lei n.º 16/2007 | Ten weeks by the woman's choice, after a reflection period of not less than three days. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Travelling for a termination | Romania | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | source | ||
| Travelling for a termination | Singapore | Residents only | Termination of Pregnancy Act 1974, section 3, with the Termination of Pregnancy Regulations 1987 | Twenty-four weeks, but section 3 confines treatment to citizens, wives of citizens, work-pass holders and their wives, or a person resident in Singapore for at least four months immediately preceding — the only exception being where the procedure is necessary to save the woman's life. A two-day waiting period follows counselling. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Thailand | Lawful, with conditions | Criminal Code sections 301 and 305, as amended by the Criminal Code Amendment Act (No. 28) B.E. 2564 (2021) | On request to 12 weeks. Between 12 and 20 weeks an examination and counselling on alternatives are required under a 2022 decree. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Tunisia | Lawful for a visitor | Code pénal, article 214 | The first three months on request; no spousal or parental consent recorded. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | Turkey | Lawful, with conditions | Nüfus Planlaması Hakkında Kanun (Kanun No. 2827), Madde 5 ve Madde 6 | Ten weeks on request, and the consent of the husband is required for a married woman. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Travelling for a termination | United States of America | No instrument either way | Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022) | 2026-09-17 | source | |
| Travelling for a termination | South Africa | Lawful for a visitor | Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996, as amended in 2008, with Regulation 168 of 1997 | Twelve weeks at the woman's request. No spousal consent, no parental consent, no counselling requirement, and no citizenship or residence bar recorded. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Austria | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Australia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Belgium | Lawful, with conditions | Loi du 28 mai 2002 relative à l'euthanasie, article 3 | Adult or emancipated minor, capable and conscious, a voluntary, considered and repeated request, a hopeless medical situation and constant unbearable suffering. No nationality or residence condition appears in the article. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Canada | Residents only | Criminal Code (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46), section 241.2(1)(a) | Eligibility is keyed to entitlement to health services funded by a government in Canada, forgiving only any applicable minimum period of residence or waiting period. A visitor with no provincial entitlement is not reached by that saving clause. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Switzerland | Lawful, with conditions | Swiss Criminal Code, Article 115 | The article punishes inciting or assisting suicide only where the person acts from a selfish motive. It sets no nationality condition and no residence condition, which is why Switzerland admits people who live elsewhere. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Colombia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Germany | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Spain | Residents only | Ley Orgánica 3/2021 de regulación de la eutanasia, artículo 5.1.a) | Spanish nationality, or lawful residence in Spain, or a municipal register certificate showing more than twelve months in Spanish territory. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | France | Residents only | LOI n° 2026-794 du 18 août 2026 relative à l'aide à mourir, article 4, inserting Code de la santé publique article L. 1111-12-2 | French nationality or stable and regular residence in France, as one of five cumulative conditions. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | United Kingdom | Prohibited | Suicide Act 1961, section 2, as substituted by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Ireland | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Israel | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | India | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Italy | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Japan | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | South Korea | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Luxembourg | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Mexico | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Netherlands | Lawful, with conditions | Wet toetsing levensbeëindiging op verzoek en hulp bij zelfdoding, artikel 2 | Six due-care criteria, among them that the physician be satisfied the request is voluntary and well-considered and the suffering unbearable with no prospect of improvement, and that a second independent physician has seen the patient. The Act carries no nationality or residence clause; the gate is the treating relationship those criteria presuppose. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | New Zealand | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Portugal | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Singapore | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Thailand | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | Turkey | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it | United States of America | Lawful, with conditions | No federal statute read for this row; state law governs. Oregon Death with Dignity Act, ORS 127.805, as amended by Or. Laws 2023 ch. 241 § 2, and California End of Life Option Act, Health and Safety Code § 443.2(a)(3), are the two read here. | The two states read here run opposite rules. Oregon's current text carries no residency clause: the requirement was removed in 2023 after a federal suit settled. California requires the applicant to be a resident of California, proved by a driver's licence or state identification, voter registration, property ownership or lease, or a recent state tax return. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Donor anonymity | Austria | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | source | ||
| Donor anonymity | Australia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Donor anonymity | Belgium | Lawful, with conditions | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | Recorded as a mixed system, with both anonymous and known donation. No Belgian article number was read for this row. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | Switzerland | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | source | ||
| Donor anonymity | Cyprus | Lawful for a visitor | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022. No Cypriot article number was read for this row. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | Czechia | Lawful for a visitor | Zákon č. 373/2011 Sb., o specifických zdravotních službách, § 10(1) | The provider must preserve mutual anonymity between the anonymous donor and the infertile couple, and between the donor and the child born. Section 6(1) confines treatment to a woman and a man who undergo it together. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Donor anonymity | Germany | Prohibited | Samenspenderregistergesetz (SaRegG) § 10 | A national sperm-donor register holds the donor's identity and a person conceived may apply for disclosure from the register. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Donor anonymity | Spain | Lawful for a visitor | Ley 14/2006 sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida, artículo 5.5 | Anonymity is compulsory, not optional: the donation is anonymous and the confidentiality of identity data must be guaranteed. Disclosure is possible only exceptionally, in extraordinary circumstances carrying a definite danger to the life or health of the child. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Donor anonymity | France | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | source | ||
| Donor anonymity | United Kingdom | Prohibited | The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (Disclosure of Donor Information) Regulations 2004 (SI 2004/1511) | Anonymity ended for donations made from 1 April 2005. A person conceived from such a donation may obtain non-identifying details at 16 — physical description, year and country of birth — and identifying details at 18, including the donor's full name now and at birth. Donations between 1 August 1991 and 31 March 2005 release non-identifying information only, and nothing is held from before August 1991. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Donor anonymity | Greece | Lawful, with conditions | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | The survey records Greece as running both anonymous and identity-release options. No Greek article number was read for this row. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | Croatia | Lawful for a visitor | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | Hungary | Lawful, with conditions | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | The survey records anonymity for sperm donation and identity release for oocyte donation. No Hungarian article number was read for this row. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | India | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Donor anonymity | Lithuania | Lawful for a visitor | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | Netherlands | Prohibited | Wet donorgegevens kunstmatige bevruchting | Donor data are held by a statutory foundation and released to the person conceived on request at the age the Act sets. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Donor anonymity | Poland | Lawful for a visitor | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | Grouped with the strict-anonymity states at 31 December 2022. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | Portugal | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Donor anonymity | Romania | Lawful, with conditions | National assisted-reproduction legislation as recorded by the ESHRE survey | The survey distinguishes imported gametes, recorded as anonymous, from local donations, recorded as identity-release. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Donor anonymity | Sweden | Prohibited | Lag (2006:351) om genetisk integritet m.m., 6 kap. 5 § | A person conceived by donation who is sufficiently mature has the right to information about the donor. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Donor anonymity | Thailand | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Donor anonymity | Turkey | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | source | ||
| Donor anonymity | United States of America | No instrument either way | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Donor anonymity | South Africa | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Argentina | Lawful for a visitor | Ley 26.743 de Identidad de Género, artículo 11, as amended by Decreto 62/2025 | For adults, informed consent alone: no judicial or administrative authorisation, and the care sits within the compulsory medical programme. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Access to gender-affirming care | Australia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Belgium | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Switzerland | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Czechia | Lawful, with conditions | Zákon č. 373/2011 Sb., §§ 21 to 23 | Surgical sex change at 18 or over, on written application and the unanimous positive opinion of an expert commission established by the Ministry of Health, made up of health professionals and a lawyer with knowledge of medical law; the commission must act within three months. Where the patient's legal capacity is restricted a court must also consent. The provisions contemplate an extract from medical records kept in another state, with a certified translation. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Access to gender-affirming care | Germany | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Spain | Lawful, with conditions | Ley 4/2023, artículos 16, 17 y 19 | Registered on the strength of a research agent's reading; the article numbers were not re-read at the official gazette by the author of this record. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Access to gender-affirming care | Finland | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | France | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | United Kingdom | Lawful for a visitor | The Medicines (Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Analogues) (Restrictions on Private Sales and Supplies) Order 2024 (SI 2024/1319) | Adults are not restricted: article 6 permits private supply of these medicines to people aged 18 and over. Article 4 is the general prohibition the exemptions run from. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Access to gender-affirming care | Hungary | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Ireland | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Israel | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | India | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Japan | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | South Korea | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Netherlands | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Poland | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Portugal | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Russia | Prohibited | Federal Law of 24 July 2023 prohibiting medical interventions aimed at changing sex | Hormone therapy and surgery are prohibited, with an exception only for congenital anomalies of sex formation in children. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Access to gender-affirming care | Sweden | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Thailand | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Access to gender-affirming care | Turkey | Lawful, with conditions | Turkish Civil Code, Article 40 | A court's permission is a precondition of the surgery itself, not only of the later change to the civil register: the applicant must be over 18, unmarried, and hold an official health-council report from a training and research hospital. A second court step follows the surgery for the registry change. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Access to gender-affirming care | United States of America | Lawful, with conditions | No federal instrument governs adult access; state law governs. United States v. Skrmetti, No. 23-477, decided 18 June 2025. | The Supreme Court held that Tennessee's statute is not subject to heightened scrutiny and satisfies rational-basis review. The Court expressly did not decide the position for adults. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Access to gender-affirming care | South Africa | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Australia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Canada | Lawful, with conditions | Assisted Human Reproduction Act (S.C. 2004, c. 2), section 6 | Paying a surrogate, offering to pay, or advertising such payment is an offence; reimbursement of receipted expenditure is permitted under the regulations. Parentage is provincial law. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | China | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Colombia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Cyprus | Lawful, with conditions | Medically Assisted Reproduction Law 2015 (69(I)/2015), Articles 22 to 27 | Altruistic only; a special body consents and a family court approves before transfer. The surrogate must normally reside in Cyprus, with one exception: if no surrogate can be found, one residing abroad may be used provided she is in Cyprus from the 28th week. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | Czechia | No instrument either way | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Germany | Prohibited | Embryonenschutzgesetz § 1(1)(7), with Adoptionsvermittlungsgesetz Article 13c | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Spain | Prohibited | Ley 14/2006 sobre técnicas de reproducción humana asistida, artículo 10 | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Surrogacy law across borders | France | Prohibited | Code civil, article 16-7 | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Surrogacy law across borders | United Kingdom | Lawful, with conditions | Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985, sections 2 and 3, with the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, section 54 | Altruistic only: negotiating a surrogacy arrangement on a commercial basis and advertising are offences under the 1985 Act. The agreement is unenforceable, and parenthood transfers only by a parental order under section 54, which requires at least one applicant to be domiciled in the United Kingdom. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | Georgia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Greece | Lawful, with conditions | Law 3089/2002 amending the Civil Code, with Law 3305/2005 on medically assisted reproduction | Altruistic only; the intended mother must be medically unable to carry, must reside in Greece, and a family court approves the agreement before embryo transfer. Maximum intended-parent age 50, extendable to 54. The surrogate must be 25 to 50 and may act at most twice. Expenses are capped: EUR 10,000 for physical strain in a single pregnancy, EUR 15,000 for a multiple, and lost income capped at EUR 10,000. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | Croatia | Prohibited | Article 31 of Law NN 86/12 on medically assisted reproduction | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Hungary | Prohibited | Implicit prohibition under the assisted reproduction rules, which confine treatment to a marriage or registered partnership | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Ireland | Lawful, with conditions | Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024 | Altruistic only; the relevant sections were not yet in force at the briefing's date. At least one intended parent and the surrogate must have resided in Ireland for two years; intended parents must be 21 or over; at least one must be genetically related to the child; a parental order is made by a court between 28 days and six months after birth. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | Israel | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | India | Residents only | The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 (Act No. 47 of 2021), sections 2(h), 2(r), 2(s) and 4 | Closed to foreign intended parents by definition: section 2(h) defines a couple as "the legally married Indian man and woman", and section 2(s) defines an intending woman as an Indian widow or divorcee aged 35 to 45. Altruistic only. A medical indication is required, certified by a District Medical Board; the couple must be married and aged 23 to 50 (female) and 26 to 55 (male); they must have no surviving child; and a magistrate's order on parentage and custody must precede the procedure. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | Italy | Prohibited | Article 12(6) of Legge 40/2004 | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Lithuania | Prohibited | Article 11 of Law XII-2608 on Assisted Reproduction | 2026-09-17 | ||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Mexico | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | Portugal | Lawful, with conditions | Lei 90/2021, amending Lei 32/2006 on medically assisted procreation | Altruistic only, and the implementing regulation is still missing: the law entered into force on 1 January 2022, and on 13 January 2024 the President referred a draft regulation back to the government. Without it the route does not run. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | Thailand | Residents only | Protection for Children Born through Assisted Reproductive Technologies Act, B.E. 2558 (2015), section 21(1) | The intending parents must be adult Thai citizens, or where only one is Thai must have been married at least three years, and must be a legally married couple whose wife cannot conceive. Commercial surrogacy, trade in gametes and embryos, brokering and promotion are prohibited. | 2026-09-17 | source |
| Surrogacy law across borders | Ukraine | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Surrogacy law across borders | United States of America | Lawful, with conditions | No federal statute; state law governs. California Family Code § 7962 is the example read for this row. | California's section requires separate independent counsel for the surrogate and the intended parents, notarised signatures, and disclosure of how the intended parents will cover medical expenses. It carries no residency requirement and no cap on compensation. Other states prohibit or restrict the arrangement; this project has read no other state's code. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Surrogacy law across borders | South Africa | Residents only | Children's Act 38 of 2005, Chapter 19 (surrogate motherhood agreements) | The agreement must be confirmed by the High Court before artificial fertilisation, and the chapter ties the arrangement to domicile in the Republic. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | United Arab Emirates | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | China | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Colombia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Costa Rica | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Germany | Lawful, with conditions | Transplantationsgesetz § 8(1) sentence 2, with § 17 | Living donation of a kidney, part of a liver or another non-regenerating organ is confined to first- and second-degree relatives, spouses, registered partners, fiancés, and persons evidently close to the donor in a special personal attachment. Trade in organs or tissues is prohibited by § 17, with reasonable procurement and transport costs excepted. The bar on an unrelated foreign recipient is a relationship rule, not a nationality one. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Egypt | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Spain | Lawful, with conditions | Real Decreto 1723/2012, artículos 4 y 8, under Ley 30/1979 | Article 4.2 requires voluntariness, altruism, confidentiality, absence of profit motive and gratuity. Article 8 requires a living donor of full age and capacity to consent expressly before a judge, with at least 24 hours between the signed document and the extraction. Neither article distinguishes recipients by nationality or residence. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | United Kingdom | Lawful, with conditions | Human Tissue Act 2004, sections 32 and 33 | Giving or receiving a reward for the supply of controlled material is an offence under section 32, which also bars advertising. A transplant from a living donor is an offence under section 33 unless the Human Tissue Authority is satisfied that no reward has been given and the conditions in regulations are met. The gate is the Authority's approval, not residence. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Israel | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | India | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Iran | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Jordan | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Sri Lanka | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Mexico | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Malaysia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Nepal | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Philippines | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Pakistan | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Saudi Arabia | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Singapore | Lawful, with conditions | Human Organ Transplant Act 1987, Part 4 | Trading in organs and blood is prohibited. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Thailand | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 | |||
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | Turkey | Lawful, with conditions | Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması, Aşılanması ve Nakli Hakkında Kanun (Kanun No. 2238), Madde 3 | Payment for organs and tissue is prohibited. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | United States of America | Lawful, with conditions | National Organ Transplant Act, 42 U.S.C. § 274e | Unlawful to knowingly acquire, receive or otherwise transfer any human organ for valuable consideration. Removal, transport, processing and storage costs are carved out, as are the donor's travel, housing and lost wages. The statute sets no citizenship condition; allocation policy is a separate matter this project did not read. | 2026-09-17 | |
| Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad | South Africa | Not read by this project | 2026-09-17 |
Read once, on one country
These sit on a country's own page rather than on the grid: one reading is a fact about that jurisdiction, not a map of the question.
- Cyprus — Cyprus: Lawful, with conditions. Medically Assisted Reproduction Law 69(I)/2015, as amended by 194(I)/2015, 92(I)/2016, 113(I)/2018 and 166(I)/2023 (read 2026-09-16)
- Northern Cyprus — N. Cyprus: Lawful, with conditions. Üremeye Yardımcı Tedavi Merkezleri regulation 381/2016, made under Article 32 of the assisted reproduction centres law, Ministry of Health, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (read 2026-09-16)
- Portugal — Portugal: Lawful, with conditions. Law 32/2006 on medically assisted procreation, as amended by Laws 17/2016 and 25/2016; Constitutional Court Ruling 225/2018 (read 2018)
Readings dated 2018–2026. 151 rows across 55 jurisdictions and 6 questions mapped across borders, and 3 read once.
The rules themselves
A prescription that crosses a border
Commission Implementing Directive 2012/52/EU, made under Directive 2011/24/EU, sets what a prescription must carry to be dispensable in another EU Member State.
Access to gender-affirming care
Whether an adult may lawfully obtain hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery in a given jurisdiction, under what gate, and what the law says about minors. The rows below record access to CARE.
25 jurisdictions read
Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it
Whether assistance in dying is lawful, and whether the person assisted must live there.
25 jurisdictions read
Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad
Two questions that are usually run together and should not be. First: may a person be paid for an organ? Almost everywhere, no, and the statutes say so in similar words.
24 jurisdictions read
Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare
The instrument that lets a person insured in one EU Member State buy treatment in another and claim the money back at home.
Donor anonymity
Whether a gamete or embryo donor may remain unknown to the person conceived.
24 jurisdictions read
Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad
A state programme that sends its own nationals abroad for treatment at public expense, choosing the destination, paying the hospital and paying the patient and an approved escort a daily allowance.
India's e-Medical Visa
A dedicated electronic visa class for treatment in India, applied for online before travel.
Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad
The gap between what a travel policy, a domestic health plan and a public programme each decline to pay for when someone travels abroad to be operated on.
Korea's foreign patient attraction registration
A compulsory registration for any medical institution treating foreign patients and any agency recruiting them, under the Act on Supporting Overseas Expansion of Medical Services and Attraction of International…
Licensing a clinic in the United Arab Emirates
Health facility and professional licensing in the UAE is split by emirate and by free zone rather than run federally. In Dubai the Dubai Health Authority licenses both, under Law No.
Malaysia's healthcare travel registration
Malaysia has a statutory licence to operate a private hospital and a separate, non-statutory membership scheme for hospitals selling to foreign patients.
Medicare outside the United States
Medicare does not pay for healthcare outside the United States, with three narrow exceptions written into 42 CFR Part 424, Subpart H. None of them covers planned treatment.
Moving a medical record across a border
Whether a patient can obtain their own medical record, and on what terms it may be sent to another country.
NHS funding for treatment abroad
What the National Health Service will pay for when the treatment happens outside the United Kingdom. Two channels, and they are not alike.
Regulating cell and tissue therapies
The law that decides whether a cell preparation is a lightly regulated tissue or a medicine requiring authorisation, and therefore whether a clinic may sell it.
Surrogacy law across borders
Where a surrogacy arrangement may lawfully be made, for whom, and on what terms. The legality rows below read one named instrument per jurisdiction, on one date.
25 jurisdictions read
Thailand's medical treatment visa
A visitor visa endorsed for medical treatment, issued by Thai embassies and consulates, admitting the holder for treatment at a hospital in Thailand.
The S2 route
Prior authorisation to be treated in another EEA state's public system at that state's expense, issued on a certificate the patient carries.
The Schengen visa, for treatment
Europe issues no dedicated treatment visa. A patient travelling to the Schengen area for care applies for the ordinary short-stay uniform visa under Regulation (EC) No 810/2009, the Community Code on Visas, and proves…
Travelling for a termination
Where a termination may lawfully be performed, on what grounds and to what gestational limit, and whether the law reaches someone who does not live there.
25 jurisdictions read
Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate
A compulsory certificate for any facility treating international patients and any intermediary bringing them, under the Uluslararası Sağlık Turizmi ve Turistin Sağlığı Hakkında Yönetmelik published in the Resmî Gazete…
What a clinic may say
The instruments that govern how a hospital, clinic or broker may promote treatment, and what it may claim.
The whole grid as JSON: api/legality.json.