a directory of treatment across bordersCare Abroad
Who goes where, what it costs, and who checked. Countries, clusters, hospitals, operations, prices as published, the law where the law is the reason, and the risks nobody quotes for. Every field says where it came from.
Current health expenditure per person
The 193 values behind this map
Each value is that country's most recent reporting year, which is why the years differ.
| Country | ISO | current US$ | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | AF | 59 | 2023 |
| Albania | AL | 591 | 2023 |
| Algeria | DZ | 233 | 2023 |
| Andorra | AD | 3,605 | 2023 |
| Angola | AO | 76 | 2023 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | AG | 841 | 2023 |
| Argentina | AR | 1,457 | 2023 |
| Armenia | AM | 767 | 2023 |
| Australia | AU | 6,980 | 2023 |
| Austria | AT | 6,739 | 2024 |
| Azerbaijan | AZ | 300 | 2023 |
| Bahamas, The | BS | 2,262 | 2023 |
| Bahrain | BH | 1,176 | 2023 |
| Bangladesh | BD | 53 | 2023 |
| Barbados | BB | 1,286 | 2023 |
| Belarus | BY | 558 | 2023 |
| Belgium | BE | 5,931 | 2023 |
| Belize | BZ | 309 | 2023 |
| Benin | BJ | 47 | 2023 |
| Bhutan | BT | 162 | 2023 |
| Bolivia | BO | 255 | 2023 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | BA | 773 | 2023 |
| Botswana | BW | 490 | 2023 |
| Brazil | BR | 1,010 | 2023 |
| Brunei Darussalam | BN | 733 | 2023 |
| Bulgaria | BG | 1,258 | 2023 |
| Burkina Faso | BF | 72 | 2023 |
| Burundi | BI | 28 | 2023 |
| Cabo Verde | CV | 290 | 2023 |
| Cambodia | KH | 115 | 2023 |
| Cameroon | CM | 79 | 2023 |
| Canada | CA | 6,378 | 2024 |
| Central African Republic | CF | 54 | 2023 |
| Chad | TD | 47 | 2023 |
| Chile | CL | 1,760 | 2024 |
| China | CN | 763 | 2023 |
| Colombia | CO | 644 | 2024 |
| Comoros | KM | 102 | 2023 |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | CD | 23 | 2023 |
| Congo, Rep. | CG | 76 | 2023 |
| Costa Rica | CR | 1,163 | 2023 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | CI | 88 | 2023 |
| Croatia | HR | 1,548 | 2023 |
| Cuba | CU | 1,199 | 2020 |
| Cyprus | CY | 2,899 | 2023 |
| Czechia | CZ | 2,693 | 2024 |
| Denmark | DK | 6,745 | 2024 |
| Djibouti | DJ | 78 | 2023 |
| Dominica | DM | 492 | 2023 |
| Dominican Republic | DO | 489 | 2023 |
| Ecuador | EC | 509 | 2023 |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | EG | 141 | 2023 |
| El Salvador | SV | 501 | 2023 |
| Equatorial Guinea | GQ | 234 | 2023 |
| Eritrea | ER | 28 | 2023 |
| Estonia | EE | 2,438 | 2024 |
| Eswatini | SZ | 296 | 2023 |
| Ethiopia | ET | 35 | 2023 |
| Fiji | FJ | 213 | 2023 |
| Finland | FI | 5,515 | 2023 |
| France | FR | 5,327 | 2024 |
| Gabon | GA | 253 | 2023 |
| Gambia, The | GM | 26 | 2023 |
| Georgia | GE | 554 | 2023 |
| Germany | DE | 6,849 | 2024 |
| Ghana | GH | 70 | 2023 |
| Greece | GR | 1,963 | 2023 |
| Grenada | GD | 526 | 2023 |
| Guatemala | GT | 392 | 2023 |
| Guinea | GN | 59 | 2023 |
| Guinea-Bissau | GW | 82 | 2023 |
| Guyana | GY | 505 | 2023 |
| Haiti | HT | 54 | 2023 |
| Honduras | HN | 249 | 2023 |
| Hungary | HU | 1,420 | 2023 |
| Iceland | IS | 7,642 | 2024 |
| India | IN | 85 | 2023 |
| Indonesia | ID | 132 | 2023 |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | IR | 267 | 2023 |
| Iraq | IQ | 333 | 2023 |
| Ireland | IE | 7,395 | 2024 |
| Israel | IL | 3,928 | 2023 |
| Italy | IT | 3,398 | 2024 |
| Jamaica | JM | 520 | 2023 |
| Japan | JP | 3,638 | 2023 |
| Jordan | JO | 342 | 2023 |
| Kazakhstan | KZ | 490 | 2023 |
| Kenya | KE | 85 | 2023 |
| Kiribati | KI | 238 | 2023 |
| Korea, Rep. | KR | 3,137 | 2024 |
| Kuwait | KW | 1,679 | 2023 |
| Kyrgyz Republic | KG | 97 | 2023 |
| Lao PDR | LA | 27 | 2023 |
| Latvia | LV | 1,645 | 2023 |
| Lebanon | LB | 261 | 2023 |
| Lesotho | LS | 123 | 2023 |
| Liberia | LR | 104 | 2023 |
| Libya | LY | 470 | 2023 |
| Liechtenstein | LI | 11,495 | 2023 |
| Lithuania | LT | 2,232 | 2024 |
| Luxembourg | LU | 8,170 | 2024 |
| Madagascar | MG | 17 | 2023 |
| Malawi | MW | 41 | 2023 |
| Malaysia | MY | 450 | 2023 |
| Maldives | MV | 1,159 | 2023 |
| Mali | ML | 34 | 2023 |
| Malta | MT | 3,623 | 2023 |
| Marshall Islands | MH | 894 | 2023 |
| Mauritania | MR | 92 | 2023 |
| Mauritius | MU | 616 | 2023 |
| Mexico | MX | 761 | 2023 |
| Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | FM | 508 | 2023 |
| Moldova | MD | 452 | 2023 |
| Monaco | MC | 8,004 | 2023 |
| Mongolia | MN | 360 | 2023 |
| Montenegro | ME | 1,148 | 2023 |
| Morocco | MA | 232 | 2023 |
| Mozambique | MZ | 53 | 2023 |
| Myanmar | MM | 56 | 2023 |
| Namibia | NA | 397 | 2023 |
| Naoero | NR | 2,292 | 2023 |
| Nepal | NP | 84 | 2023 |
| Netherlands | NL | 6,845 | 2024 |
| New Zealand | NZ | 5,022 | 2024 |
| Nicaragua | NI | 217 | 2023 |
| Niger | NE | 26 | 2023 |
| Nigeria | NG | 67 | 2023 |
| North Macedonia | MK | 639 | 2023 |
| Norway | NO | 8,296 | 2023 |
| Oman | OM | 732 | 2023 |
| Pakistan | PK | 30 | 2023 |
| Palau | PW | 1,684 | 2023 |
| Panama | PA | 1,558 | 2023 |
| Papua New Guinea | PG | 85 | 2023 |
| Paraguay | PY | 527 | 2023 |
| Peru | PE | 446 | 2023 |
| Philippines | PH | 194 | 2023 |
| Poland | PL | 2,014 | 2024 |
| Portugal | PT | 2,971 | 2024 |
| Qatar | QA | 1,804 | 2023 |
| Romania | RO | 1,051 | 2023 |
| Russian Federation | RU | 1,003 | 2023 |
| Rwanda | RW | 53 | 2023 |
| Samoa | WS | 293 | 2023 |
| San Marino | SM | 3,924 | 2023 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | ST | 171 | 2023 |
| Saudi Arabia | SA | 1,825 | 2023 |
| Senegal | SN | 73 | 2023 |
| Serbia | RS | 984 | 2023 |
| Seychelles | SC | 766 | 2023 |
| Sierra Leone | SL | 36 | 2023 |
| Singapore | SG | 3,922 | 2023 |
| Slovak Republic | SK | 1,813 | 2023 |
| Slovenia | SI | 3,371 | 2024 |
| Solomon Islands | SB | 111 | 2023 |
| Somalia, Fed. Rep. | SO | 22 | 2023 |
| South Africa | ZA | 537 | 2023 |
| South Sudan | SS | 73 | 2023 |
| Spain | ES | 3,107 | 2023 |
| Sri Lanka | LK | 134 | 2023 |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | KN | 1,295 | 2023 |
| St. Lucia | LC | 641 | 2023 |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | VC | 469 | 2023 |
| Sudan | SD | 21 | 2023 |
| Suriname | SR | 297 | 2023 |
| Sweden | SE | 6,485 | 2024 |
| Switzerland | CH | 11,784 | 2023 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | SY | 33 | 2023 |
| Tajikistan | TJ | 85 | 2023 |
| Tanzania | TZ | 36 | 2023 |
| Thailand | TH | 327 | 2023 |
| Timor-Leste | TL | 144 | 2023 |
| Togo | TG | 60 | 2023 |
| Tonga | TO | 358 | 2023 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TT | 1,276 | 2023 |
| Tunisia | TN | 318 | 2023 |
| Turkiye | TR | 548 | 2023 |
| Turkmenistan | TM | 581 | 2023 |
| Tuvalu | TV | 1,724 | 2023 |
| Uganda | UG | 45 | 2023 |
| Ukraine | UA | 370 | 2021 |
| United Arab Emirates | AE | 2,402 | 2023 |
| United Kingdom | GB | 5,860 | 2024 |
| United States | US | 13,473 | 2023 |
| Uruguay | UY | 2,076 | 2023 |
| Uzbekistan | UZ | 192 | 2023 |
| Vanuatu | VU | 143 | 2023 |
| Venezuela, RB | VE | 186 | 2023 |
| Viet Nam | VN | 197 | 2023 |
| West Bank and Gaza | PS | 346 | 2023 |
| Yemen, Rep. | YE | 48 | 2023 |
| Zambia | ZM | 80 | 2023 |
| Zimbabwe | ZW | 63 | 2023 |
Two reasons people fly
One is money: the operation costs less somewhere else, or the queue at home is fourteen months long. The other is law: the treatment is prohibited at home and lawful across a border. The prices page is the first. The rules grid is the second.
The number under the number
A joint package priced at 356,500 baht excludes the implant, and the implant is often the largest line on the bill. Every price here carries the provider's own exclusion list, because that is where the difference between two quotes usually lives.
Lately read
3,500 USD ≈ US$3,500 · Abdominoplasty · dated 2026-09-17
0 USD · Abortion · dated 2026-09-17
622 GBP ≈ US$838 · Abortion · dated 2026-09-17
1,166 GBP ≈ US$1,571 · Abortion · dated 2026-09-17
4,171 EUR ≈ US$4,812 · All-on-4 · dated 2026-09-17
8,110 USD ≈ US$8,110 · All-on-4 · dated 2026-09-17
290,000 THB ≈ US$8,710 · All-on-4 · dated 2026-09-17
2,122 AUD ≈ US$1,512 · Coronary angioplasty and stent · dated 2026-09-17
Countries (53)
Where people fly for treatment, what each country sells, and who counts the arrivals.
- Central America (2)
- Costa Rica
- Panama
- Central Europe (4)
- Croatia
- Czechia
- Hungary
- Poland
- East Africa (1)
- Kenya
- East Asia (4)
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Taiwan
- Eastern Europe (1)
- Romania
- Mexico (1)
- Mexico
- North Africa (3)
- Egypt
- Morocco
- Tunisia
- North America (2)
- Canada
- United States
- Northern Europe (1)
- Lithuania
- Oceania (1)
- Australia
- South America (3)
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Colombia
- South Asia (3)
- India
- Nepal
- Sri Lanka
- Southeast Asia (6)
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Vietnam
- Southern Africa (1)
- South Africa
- Southern Europe (5)
- Cyprus
- Greece
- Northern Cyprus
- Portugal
- Spain
- The Caribbean (2)
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- The Gulf (2)
- Saudi Arabia
- United Arab Emirates
- West Africa (1)
- Nigeria
- West Asia (5)
- Georgia
- Iran
- Israel
- Jordan
- Türkiye
- Western Europe (5)
- Belgium
- Germany
- Ireland
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
Cities (41)
The clusters: a street of dental surgeries, a hospital district, a corridor of hair clinics.
- Colombia (2)
- Bogotá
- Medellín
- Costa Rica (1)
- San José, Costa Rica
- Cuba (1)
- Havana
- Cyprus (1)
- Nicosia
- Czechia (1)
- Prague
- Dominican Rep. (1)
- Santo Domingo
- Egypt (1)
- Cairo
- Georgia (1)
- Tbilisi
- Hungary (2)
- Budapest
- Sopron
- India (4)
- Bengaluru
- Chennai
- Delhi NCR
- Mumbai
- Israel (1)
- Tel Aviv
- Jordan (1)
- Amman
- Lithuania (1)
- Vilnius
- Malaysia (2)
- Kuala Lumpur
- Penang
- Mexico (5)
- Cancún
- Los Algodones
- Monterrey
- Nuevo Progreso
- Tijuana
- Panama (1)
- Panama City
- Poland (1)
- Warsaw
- Singapore (1)
- Singapore
- South Africa (1)
- Johannesburg
- South Korea (1)
- Seoul
- Spain (1)
- Barcelona
- Sri Lanka (1)
- Colombo
- Taiwan (1)
- Taipei
- Thailand (3)
- Bangkok
- Chiang Mai
- Phuket
- Tunisia (1)
- Tunis
- Turkey (3)
- Antalya
- Istanbul
- İzmir
- United Arab Emirates (1)
- Dubai
Procedures (58)
The operations people cross borders for, what each one involves, and what it costs where.
- Bone, joint and spine (7)
- Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
- Artificial disc replacement
- Knee arthroscopy
- Spinal fusion
- Total hip replacement
- Total knee replacement
- Total shoulder replacement
- Brain and nerve (2)
- Cochlear implant
- Gamma knife radiosurgery
- Cancer (2)
- CAR T-cell therapy
- Proton beam therapy
- Cosmetic (6)
- Abdominoplasty
- Breast augmentation
- Facelift
- Gluteal fat grafting
- Liposuction
- Rhinoplasty
- Eyes (3)
- Cataract surgery
- Implantable collamer lens
- LASIK
- Fertility (7)
- Egg donation
- Egg freezing
- In vitro fertilisation
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- Preimplantation genetic testing
- Sperm donation
- Surrogacy
- Gender-affirming (3)
- Phalloplasty
- Top surgery
- Vaginoplasty
- Hair (2)
- Direct hair implantation (DHI)
- Follicular unit extraction
- Heart (3)
- Coronary angioplasty and stent
- Coronary artery bypass grafting
- Heart valve replacement
- Rehabilitation (3)
- Dialysis away from home
- Panchakarma
- Residential addiction treatment
- Screening (1)
- Executive health screening
- Sold without approval (1)
- Unapproved stem cell treatment
- Teeth (6)
- All-on-4
- Dental crown
- Dental implant
- Dental veneers
- Full mouth restoration
- Root canal treatment
- Transplant (3)
- Bone marrow transplant
- Kidney transplant
- Liver transplant
- Weight (3)
- Gastric balloon
- Gastric bypass
- Sleeve gastrectomy
- end-of-life (1)
- Assisted dying
- general-surgery (2)
- Gallbladder removal
- Hernia repair
- gynaecological (1)
- Hysterectomy
- reproductive (1)
- Abortion
- urological (1)
- Prostatectomy
Hospitals and clinics (35)
Named institutions with an international patient department, their beds, their accreditations, their published prices.
- Brazil (1)
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
- Colombia (2)
- Clínica Las Américas
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá
- Costa Rica (2)
- Hospital CIMA San José
- Hospital Clínica Bíblica
- Germany (2)
- Charité International Patients
- Heidelberg University Hospital
- India (6)
- Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital
- Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket
- Medanta — The Medicity, Gurugram
- Narayana Health
- Israel (2)
- Hadassah Medical Center
- Sheba Medical Center
- Jordan (1)
- King Hussein Cancer Center
- Malaysia (3)
- Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur
- Island Hospital
- Prince Court Medical Centre
- Mexico (1)
- Hospital Angeles Tijuana
- Singapore (2)
- Mount Elizabeth Hospital
- Raffles Hospital
- South Korea (4)
- Asan Medical Center
- Samsung Medical Center
- Severance Hospital
- Wooridul Spine Hospital
- Thailand (3)
- Bangkok Hospital
- Bumrungrad International Hospital
- Samitivej Sukhumvit Hospital
- Turkey (5)
- Acıbadem Healthcare Group
- Anadolu Medical Center
- Liv Hospital
- Medicana Health Group
- Memorial Şişli Hospital
- United Arab Emirates (1)
- American Hospital Dubai
The journey (17)
Records, quotes, deposits, visas, interpreters, the flight home, the follow-up nobody booked.
- Aftercare (1)
- Aftercare at home
- Before the flight (3)
- Booking the flight
- The companion
- The visa
- Booking (4)
- Choosing a facilitator
- Getting a quote
- Reading the exclusions
- The deposit
- Deciding (3)
- Deciding whether to go
- Getting your records out
- The second opinion
- Going home (2)
- The discharge summary
- The flight home
- In hospital (1)
- In hospital
- On arrival (1)
- Arrival and consent
- When it goes wrong (2)
- Complaint and claim
- When it goes wrong
Risks (23)
What goes wrong, how often anybody measures it, and who carries the cost when it does.
- Clinical (7)
- Death from gluteal fat grafting
- Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
- Discharged alone
- Fitness for anaesthesia, assessed on arrival
- Substandard and falsified medicines
- The follow-up gap
- Unproven stem cell treatment
- Ethics (1)
- Transplant harm
- Infection (7)
- Antimicrobial resistance acquired abroad
- Blood supply safety
- Bloodborne virus from treatment abroad
- Candida auris
- Fungal meningitis after epidural anaesthesia
- Nontuberculous mycobacteria
- Surgical site infection
- Legal (2)
- Consent taken across a language barrier
- Malpractice recourse across a border
- Money (5)
- Repatriation and medical evacuation cost
- Revision at home
- The deposit, and whether it comes back
- The escort burden
- The implant is excluded
- Travel (1)
- Flying after surgery
Rules (23)
Visas, licensing regimes, entitlements, reimbursement, and the things a country will not do for a visitor.
- Advertising (1)
- What a clinic may say
- Entitlement (4)
- Gulf state-sponsored treatment abroad
- Medicare outside the United States
- NHS funding for treatment abroad
- The S2 route
- Licensing (5)
- Korea's foreign patient attraction registration
- Licensing a clinic in the United Arab Emirates
- Malaysia's healthcare travel registration
- Regulating cell and tissue therapies
- Türkiye's international health tourism authorisation certificate
- Prohibitions (7)
- Access to gender-affirming care
- Assisted dying, and who may cross a border for it
- Buying an organ, and being transplanted abroad
- Donor anonymity
- Moving a medical record across a border
- Surrogacy law across borders
- Travelling for a termination
- Treaties (1)
- A prescription that crosses a border
- Visas (3)
- India's e-Medical Visa
- Thailand's medical treatment visa
- The Schengen visa, for treatment
- Who pays (2)
- Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare
- Insurance exclusions for treatment abroad
Organizations (28)
Accreditors, ministries, trade bodies, registries, the societies that write the standards.
- Accreditors (10)
- ACHS International
- American Accreditation Commission International
- DNV Healthcare
- Global Healthcare Accreditation
- Healthcare Accreditation Institute
- ISQua External Evaluation Association
- Joint Commission International
- … all 10
- Facilitators (1)
- Defiant
- Ministries (4)
- EU National Contact Points for cross-border healthcare
- Korea Health Industry Development Institute
- Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council
- Türkiye General Directorate of Health Services
- Non-governmental (3)
- Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- World Health Organization
- Professional societies (3)
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
- International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
- International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery
- Registries (2)
- Eurostat
- International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies
- Regulators (2)
- Dubai Health Authority
- Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
- Trade bodies (3)
- International Medical Travel Journal
- Medical Tourism Association
- PROMED
People (6)
Surgeons, founders, regulators, researchers, patients who wrote it down.
- Ethicists (1)
- Leigh Turner
- Founders (1)
- Prathap C. Reddy
- Journalists (2)
- Josef Woodman
- Keith Pollard
- Researchers (1)
- John Connell
- Surgeons (1)
- Devi Prasad Shetty
Events (8)
The conferences, the rulings, the outbreaks, the years the field turned.
- Conferences (1)
- The IMTJ Medical Travel Summit and Awards
- Outbreaks (2)
- The Dominican mycobacterial outbreaks, 2013–14 and 2017
- The Matamoros fungal meningitis outbreak, 2023
- Rulings (1)
- Directive 2011/24/EU adopted, 9 March 2011
- Turning points (4)
- NDM-1, 2010
- The 2020 shutdown
- The Declaration of Istanbul, 2008
- Türkiye's hair transplant boom
Words (26)
Package price, facilitator, day case, DRG, graft, cycle, tariff — with roots.
- A (1)
- ASA grade
- B (1)
- Bundled payment
- C (4)
- Case rate
- Circumvention travel
- Co-payment
- Cycle
- D (2)
- Day case
- DRG
- F (2)
- Facilitator
- FUE
- G (1)
- Graft
- H (1)
- Health tourism
- I (1)
- Informed consent
- L (1)
- Length of stay
- M (3)
- Medical tourism
- Medical travel
- Medical visa
- O (1)
- Out-of-pocket
- P (3)
- Package price
- Patient mobility
- Prior authorisation
- R (3)
- Repatriation
- Reproductive exile
- Revision
- T (1)
- Tariff
- W (1)
- Wellness travel
The data (13)
Every series this site draws a chart from, what it counts, and the sentence about what it does not count.
- ExchangeRate-API (1)
- The dated exchange rate table
- HFEA (1)
- HFEA fertility treatment results
- Joint Commission International (1)
- The JCI list of accredited organizations
- Natural Earth (1)
- Natural Earth country outlines
- OECD (1)
- OECD waiting times for elective surgery
- OpenStreetMap (1)
- OpenStreetMap hospitals, clinics and dental surgeries
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1)
- CDC assisted reproductive technology results
- World Bank (5)
- Current health expenditure per person
- Hospital beds per 1,000 people
- International arrivals
- Out-of-pocket share of health spending
- Physicians per 1,000 people
- World Health Organization (1)
- WHO Global Health Observatory
Stories (11)
Longer pieces: whether it is cheaper, who really travels, what the numbers cannot see.
- Essays (6)
- Circumvention
- Counting patients
- Is it cheaper
- The follow-up nobody books
- The queue is the product
- Who travels
- Explainers (3)
- The accreditation question
- The price that isn't
- The word itself
- Method (1)
- How this was built
- Where it came from (1)
- What the data cannot see
Plain prose is cited. Trade practice — means this is how the trade works, hedged; Inference — means this project worked it out. It is all JSON as well, and the gaps are listed at coverage.